CN103237638A - 用于加工轻量瓶的预成型体膨胀完成件 - Google Patents

用于加工轻量瓶的预成型体膨胀完成件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103237638A
CN103237638A CN2011800543500A CN201180054350A CN103237638A CN 103237638 A CN103237638 A CN 103237638A CN 2011800543500 A CN2011800543500 A CN 2011800543500A CN 201180054350 A CN201180054350 A CN 201180054350A CN 103237638 A CN103237638 A CN 103237638A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
preform
wall thickness
neck
epimere
thickness
Prior art date
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Pending
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CN2011800543500A
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English (en)
Inventor
杰伊·克拉克·哈南
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niagara Bottling LLC
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Niagara Bottling LLC
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Publication date
Application filed by Niagara Bottling LLC filed Critical Niagara Bottling LLC
Priority to CN201710052177.XA priority Critical patent/CN106882441A/zh
Priority to CN201810939013.3A priority patent/CN109262888A/zh
Publication of CN103237638A publication Critical patent/CN103237638A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明公开一种预成型体(30)，其结合颈部(32)和主体(34)的上段的区域的改善，以允许生产轻量化容器(82)，如适用于包含水或其他饮料的瓶。根据某些实施例，改进之处包括比传统的瓶更薄的颈部完成件区域，其中所述更薄的区域膨胀成主体部的在支撑环(38)下方的上段。瓶在这些区域的厚度的减小使得可以使用较少的树脂形成预成型体和瓶。

Description

用于加工轻量瓶的预成型体膨胀完成件
相关申请信息
本申请根据35 USC § 119(e)要求2010年11月12日申请的美国临时申请序列号No.61/413,167的优先权，在此通过引用将其全部并入。
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料瓶和预成型体，更具体地，涉及塑料预成型体和从这种预成型体吹制的瓶，该瓶适合用于容纳饮料，并且利用较少的树脂，使得该瓶与传统的瓶相比重量更轻。
背景技术
几十年来，在饮料的包装中，已经使用塑料容器作为玻璃或金属容器的替代物。今天作为饮料容器使用的是最常见的塑料是PET。由PET制成的容器是透明的、薄壁的，并且具有通过承受由其内容物施加在容器的壁上的作用力以保持其形状的能力。PET树脂价格合理且易于加工。一般地通过包括已经通过PET树脂的喷注成型制成的塑料预成型体的吹制成型的过程制造PET瓶。
与玻璃相比，塑料包装的优点包括重量更轻和破损减少，以及考虑到生产和运送时更低的整体成本。尽管塑料包装按重量比玻璃更轻，仍然有极大的兴趣创造最轻的塑料包装，从而通过制作和使用含有较少塑料的容器，在运输和制造两者中最大限度地节约成本。
发明内容
已经发明依赖于在预成型体的设计中的整体变化的一种新的方法，该方法显著地提高吹制有效的、轻量化瓶的能力。该设计完美地结合用于保护瓶的关键尺寸和稳定生产吹制过程的特征。这些特征还可以利用较少的树脂，同时实现合适的机械性能，从而减少通过工业上对石油产品的使用。
在按照本文所公开的实施例中，提供一种适于形成瓶的塑料预成型体和由这种预成型体制成的瓶或容器。该预成型体包括：颈部，所述颈部适于接合盖子，并且所述颈部在其最下点处包括支撑环，所述颈部具有第一壁厚；和细长主体部，所述细长主体部包括大致圆筒形壁部和端盖。在一些实施例中，所述主体部的邻近所述支撑环的上段具有第二壁厚，所述第二壁厚大致近似于所述第一壁厚且小于在所述主体部的下段的第三壁厚。。进一步的实施例可以包括一个或多个以下特征：第二壁厚是第三壁厚的约10％至约40％，第二壁厚是第三壁厚的约25％至约30％，第二壁厚为约0.7mm至约0.8mm，上段的轴向长度为颈部的轴向长度的约25％或更多；和/或上段的轴向长度为颈部的轴向长度的约25％至约35％或更多。在其它实施例中，所述第二壁厚比所述第一壁厚厚或薄0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm或0.4mm。在此还披露从这些预成型体制成的容器或瓶。
在根据本文所公开的实施例中，提供一种塑料预成型体，包括：通常包括支撑环的颈部，其中所述颈部具有第一壁厚；和主体部，所述主体部包括具有上段、中段、下段的细长圆筒形壁，其中所述中段具有第二壁厚，并且主体部的下段包括端盖。在一些实施例中，主体部的上段的壁厚大致近似于第一壁厚并且小于第二壁厚，和/或所述上段的轴向长度是颈部的轴向长度的约25％或更多。进一步的实施例可以包括一个或多个以下特征：上段的壁厚是第二壁厚的约10％至约40％；上段的壁厚是第二壁厚的约25％至约30％；上段的壁厚为约0.7mm至约0.8mm；和/或上段的轴向长度是颈部的轴向长度的约25％至约35％。在其它实施例中，上段的壁厚比所述第一壁厚厚或薄0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm或0.4mm。还披露从这些预成型体制成的容器或瓶。
附图说明
图1是适用于吹制成型以形成瓶的预成型体。
图2A是没有膨胀的轻量的完成件的预成型体的横截面。
图2B是没有膨胀的轻量的完成件的另一个预成型体的横截面。
图2C是根据在此公开的一个实施例的预成型体的横截面。
图3是在可能会被用来制造瓶或容器的类型的吹制成型装置的腔体中的预成型体的横截面。
图4是瓶或容器。
图5A是诸如在图2A中的预成型体的颈部和上部的微CT片。
图5B是诸如在图2C中的预成型体的颈部和上部的微CT片。
图6是如在图5B中预成型体和由此吹制成的瓶的微CT片的叠加。
具体实施方式
在此公开的是包括预成型体和容器的制品，在其结构中利用较少塑料，同时保持易加工性和与目前商业设计相关的优异的结构性能。
参考图1，图示预成型体30。该预成型体优选地由被批准用于接触食品和饮料的诸如原生PET之类的材料制成，并且可以进行形状和尺寸的任何广泛变化。图1中所示的预成型体是形成12-16盎司饮料瓶的类型，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，取决于所需配置、特点和最终制品的用途，可以使用其他的预成型体配置。可以通过包括在本技术领域中众所周知的那些喷射成型(injection molding)方法制造预成型体30。
参考图2A，图示预成型体30的横截面。预成型体30具有整体地形成(即，作为单一或整体结构)的颈部32和主体部34。优选地，在吹制成瓶时与粘合在一起的分开颈部和主体部构成的预成型体相比较，预成型体的整体结构提供了更大的尺寸稳定性和改善的物理性能。
颈部32在通向预成型体30的内部的开口36处开始，并且延伸至支撑环38并且包括支撑环38。颈部32的特征还在于存在用于接合盖子的结构。在图示的实施例中，该结构包括螺纹40，螺纹40提供将盖固定到从预成型体30产生的瓶的措施。图中所示的预成型体具有比大多数传统的预成型体较短的整体颈部区域，更短的颈部区域还可以比传统的预成型体更薄。在最高螺纹处或在螺纹或任何其他突出结构之间测量颈部区域52A的厚度。主体部34是从颈部32向下延伸并且终止在端盖42中的细长结构。在一些实施例中，主体部是大致圆筒形的，并且端盖是圆锥形或截头圆锥形，并且还可以是半球状，并且端盖的最末端可以被压扁或是圆形的。通过主体部的大部分的预成型体壁厚44将取决于预成型体30的整体尺寸和所得到的容器的壁厚和整体尺寸。48A和50A之间的预成型体壁厚稍薄于主体部的整个直的部分的壁厚，48A和50A处的壁厚都厚于支撑环38正下方的46A处的壁厚。也可以从50A到44发现往往低于0.01mm的轻微锥形，以帮助在加工过程中从芯体释放喷射(injected)预成型体。
图2B示出了现有技术的预成型体的另一个实施例的横截面。该预成型体具有颈部和主体部。预成型体的颈部具有可能会在传统预成型体中发现的轴向长度。虽然主体部46B的上段或部分的厚度近似于颈部52B的厚度，但它还大致近似于或等于预成型体的主体部的其余部分(例如44B，50B)的厚度。与在图2B中的预成型体相比，在图2C中的预成型体在主体的中段(例如44C)中和在端盖42中比在主体部的上段(例如46C)中大致更厚，主体部的上段具有与颈部52C相似的厚度或相同的厚度。在其它实施例中，主体部的上段(例如46C)可以比颈部52C薄。
与图2A中所示相对比，图2C中所示的预成型体在支撑环38以下的预成型体的主体部的上部中具有减小的厚度，该点46C大致薄于现有技术预成型体中相应位置46A，48C与46C具有相似厚度，比现有技术预成型体的48A薄，从点48C至50C的厚度增加，在50C处转变至预成型体的具有厚度44的直的部分。预成型体和从这种在主体部的最上部具有这样的减薄区域的预成型体吹制的容器有时在本文中称为具有“膨胀完成件(extendedfinish)”。可以参见图5A和图5C，根据一个实施例，进一步说明这种差异。在图2C中图示的预成型体还具有比大多数常规预成型体较短的整体颈部区域，其中较短的颈部区域也可以比传统预成型体更薄。
与图2A中现有技术的预成型体相比，46C处的厚度是46A处的厚度的约20-50％，48C处的厚度是48A处的厚度的约20-60％，50C处的厚度是50A处的厚度的约80-100％。在一个实施例中，46C和48C处的厚度相差小于约20％，包括小于约10％，或46C和48C处具有大致相同的厚度。作为示例，对于形成8盎司瓶所用的预成型体，在46C处的厚度是约0.7mm，在48C处的厚度是约0.8mm，在50C处的厚度为约2mm。通过比较，对于形成8盎司瓶使用的现有技术的预成型体，在46A处的厚度是约1.5mm，在48A处的厚度约2mm，在50A处的厚度是约2.5mm。作为另一个示例，形成16.9盎司瓶所用的预成型体，与现有技术的预成型体的在46A处的约1.2mm、在48A处的约1.8mm和在50A处的约2.4mm相比，在46C处的厚度是约0.7mm，在48C处的厚度是约1mm，在50C处的厚度是约2.4mm。作为另一个示例，形成33.8盎司瓶所用的预成型体，与现有技术预成型体中的在46A处的约1.5mm、在48A处的约1.9mm、在50A处的约2.7mm相比，在46C处的厚度是约0.75，在48C处的厚度是约1mm，并且在50C处的厚度为约2.6mm。与根据图2A用于预成型体的约12.5克相比，根据图2C形成8盎司瓶所用的预成型体的总重量是约7克。与根据图2A用于预成型体的约9.2克相比，根据图2C形成16.9盎司瓶所用的预成型体的总重量是约8.5克。与根据图2A的用于预成型体的约26克相比，用于形成根据图2C的33.8盎司瓶的预成型体的总重量为约18.3克。使用本文提供的信息，本领域技术人员可以制备具有与本文所述的那些类似的特征的其它尺寸的预成型体。另外，在预成型体的其他有用的实施例中的尺寸可能会从上述规定的尺寸变化0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm或1mm。
根据某些实施例中，预成型体的主体部的邻近的支撑环的上段具有与颈部的厚度52C大致近似的厚度。在一些实施例中，上段和颈部的厚度可以相差+/-0mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm或0.4mm。在一些实施例中，上段和颈部的厚度可以相差高达10％、高达20％或高达30％。因此，预成型体的主体部的上段的厚度可以具有大致相同的厚度，或者可以比颈部52C更厚或更薄。根据其它实施例，预成型体的主体部的上段的厚度小于主体部的中部段或下部段的厚度。在一些这样的实施例中，上段的壁厚是主体的中间部和/或下部的壁厚的约10％至约40％，包括约15％至约40％，约15％至约30％，约25％至约35％，约20％至约35％，约20％至约30％，包括约12％，约13％，约17％，约19％，约22％，约24％，约27％，约29％，约31％和约33％，包括邻接范围并包括前述值。在一些实施例中，主体的上段的壁厚为约0.3mm到约0.9mm，包括约0.3mm到约0.5mm，约0.4mm至约0.7mm，约0.5mm至约0.9mm，约0.7mm至约0.8mm，包括约0.35mm，约0.45mm，约0.55mm，约0.65mm，0.75mm，0.85mm，包括邻接范围并包括上述值。根据其他实施例，上段的轴向长度测量为颈部分的轴向长度约20％或更多，包括约25％或更多，包括颈部的轴向长度的约20％至约30％，约20％至约35％，约25％至约30％，约25％至约35％。预成型体可以包括一个或多个或所有上述特征。
如在图2A、2B或2C所示的预成型体通过喷射成型制备之后，预成型体经受拉伸吹制成型过程。参照图3，在这个过程中，预成型体50被放置在模具80中，模具具有对应于所需的容器形状的空腔。预成型体然后被加热和膨胀，通过拉伸，诸如通过将拉伸杆插入预成型体的中心以将预成型体推到模具的端部，并且通过将空气压入预成型体50的内部以填充模具内的空腔80，产生容器82。在保持如在预成型体中的原始结构的情况下，吹塑模制操作通常受限于预成型体的主体部34，包括支撑环。
当执行拉伸吹制成型过程以产生容器时，预成型体通常被安装在主轴上，主轴接合预成型体的颈部的内壁，并且便于运送预成型体进入并且通过拉伸吹制成型机械。由于根据本文所述实施例中的膨胀的颈部完成件，可能有益于使主轴延伸进入预成型体的内壁，进入主体部的上段的区域，超出颈部。在一些实施例中，主轴装载进入预成型体，穿过膨胀的颈部完成件的全部长度。这可以通过调节主轴的装载到的深度和/或通过改变主轴以具有足够长度到延伸更大距离而实现。延伸的主轴装载深度有助于保持膨胀颈部完成件的尺寸，特别是在其中膨胀颈部完成件相对较薄的那些实施例中，膨胀颈部完成件相对较薄使得膨胀颈部完成件的下部的和/或主体部的上段的下部的尺寸稳定性将处于由于在拉伸吹制过程中暴露到加热元件和/或主体的其它部分中升高的温度下而引起的风险。
参考图4，公开了根据优选实施例的容器82的实施例，例如，所述容器82可以由吹制成型图2A、2B或2C的预成型体50制成。容器82具有对应于图3的预成型体50的颈部和主体部的颈部32和主体部34。颈部32的特征还在于存在螺纹40或提供将盖固定在容器上的方法的其他盖接合装置。
在具有重量更轻的颈部完成件和完成件正下方部分(主体的最上部)的预成型体中，诸如本文所述的那些，重量更轻的部分更容易受到来自在吹制成型过程中提供供给预成型体的其余部分的热的损害或软化。完成件的侵蚀冷却被看作是实现轻量化的方法。由于不是全部机器都相同或有效地冷却，据观察，为了正确地吹制瓶，完成件应将经受变形。防止完成件变形的短期解决方案是限制支撑凸缘下方的预成型体的加热。这使得预成型体在瓶的颈部中失去塑性。这被称为在颈部中的“环”。虽然在树脂使用的角度来看是没有吸引力和低效的，这样的决定允许重量轻的预成型体继续生产可接受瓶。
因此，构思如下概念：其中通常放置在预成型体中以从支撑凸耳正下方被拉伸的材料被移除，并且由在成品的所需尺寸处的壁厚代替。这个瓶“颈”的距离通过瓶设计设置，但新的膨胀完成件的概念允许一些加热和拉伸。根据定义，设计变化还允许从完全吹制瓶转变到这个区域内的刚性保持螺纹。与从螺纹到支撑凸耳/环的底部具有相当大的距离(最长为10mm)的现有完成件相比，膨胀完成件在从支撑环到完成件的顶部大致较短的较小的完成件中是特别有用的。这种较短完成件也可以做到更薄。这种新的设计也受到阻碍，因为在喷射模具中在较厚螺纹区域的上游具有薄的区域难以(如果不是不可能的)正确模制，因为其可能会阻止树脂在通常喷射压力下完全地充满颈部完成件。因此，喷射限制在历史上限制了这种方法而不是机械性能。因此，在一些实施例中，在喷射成型过程中，颈部环的闭合可以被稍微延迟以在向它施加压力之前允许填充小空间，以至少成型颈部和完成件。需要最少的经验来确定正确的时间和聚合物熔体的量，以确保完全填充颈部和完成件，同时尽量减少闪蒸(flashing)。
除了提供重量更轻的预成型体和瓶，本文所公开的膨胀完成预成型体可以结合如本文所描述的其他的轻量化特征，诸如更短和/或更薄的颈部和/或主体部中更薄的壁，还可以具有使用较低的成型周期时间生产的优点。较低周期时间增加由单台设备在一天中可以制造的预成型体的数量，并且能降低产生单个预成型体所需要的总能量，导致制造者额外的成本节约。
也通常认为，该区域(上在完成件中，下在主体的最上部处)附近需要较厚的支撑凸耳和大量的塑料以吸收热量，并且防止热量转移进入完成件。这也已经由本申请人证明是不正确的。人们已经发现，厚的塑料环提供储热，并且在稍后的瓶的处理和加工步骤过程中作为热源。根据这个新的观点，使支撑凸耳以下的区域变薄，对行进达到完成件的热量提供阻碍，因为这个区域可以迅速冷却，使得在以后的操作中没有潜热源。由于在某些实施例中，这个区域在吹制成型过程中不需要被拉伸，因此它不需要被加热，并且吹制成型过程和装置可以被调节，使得预成型体/容器主体的最上部或上段(在膨胀完成件的区域中)不被加热，或者与作为吹制过程的部分的预成型体的主体的大部分相比被非常小地加热。在现代化的设备中，这种改变是容易适应的，并且使生产过程更容易和更稳定。例如，冷却轨或垫片的位置可以被调节，以提供更大的保护，避免对膨胀完成件的加热，加热元件的强度可以被调节和/或加热元件的位置可以被调节。应当指出，具有膨胀完成件的预成型体可以以主动加热膨胀完成件的下部(即主体的最上部)的常规方法吹制成型，但这样的过程在生产期间不是很有效地连续产生稳定的瓶。
本申请人已经发现，当图2A的预成型体在防止膨胀完成件在如上所述的吹制成型过程中免受被加热的过程中被吹制以形成瓶时，在46A和48A处的厚度变化很小，瓶的大致上所有的壁部都是从50A附近和以下的壁的拉伸形成的。这显示在图6中，图6表示具有膨胀完成件的预成型体和由此吹制出的瓶的截面的叠加。因此，在预成型体的颈部的下段处的壁厚，包括在46C及48C处的壁厚，如上所述变薄，以减少形成预成型体所需要的材料的量，同时仍然保持一定程度的结构完整性，以允许在吹制成型中容易地形成容器，该容器具有足够的机械强度，以承受在形成、填充、运送和使用过程中施加于其上的力。
在根据本发明的一些实施例中，支撑环/凸缘的宽度相比于在标准的较短的完成件中的宽度增加。假设到支撑凸耳的0.6mm宽度(如在标准更短的完成件中)在手指上提供被认为是在手指的疼痛阈值之内的作用力，增加宽度将为消费者提供更大的舒适性。因此，至少约1mm、1.2mm、1.4mm、1.6mm、1.8mm、2mm、2.2mm、2.4mm、2.6mm或更大的宽度将在打开盖子时为消费者提供了更大的舒适。代替地或伴随地，可以对盖进行的改变包括如通过在堵塞(tamper)环上设置肋增加外观上的盖直径，所述肋具有比剩余的盖部分更大的高度。加宽凸缘的其他原因包括输送器处理、凸缘的散热性能、在打开容器时更好的感受、在加工和运送过程中更能够防止损坏。应该指出的是，增加的支撑凸耳的宽度与轻量化相反，使得在设计预成型体和容器时，应该与其他的考虑平衡。
在期望容器被热定形的其它实施例中，优选地根据通常已知用于热定形吹制成型过程吹制成型容器，包括但不限于涉及在模具中加热和定向的那些过程，以及涉及吹制、松弛和再吹制的步骤的那些过程。模具80在此过程中可以快速冷却容器，特别是在高的热传导材料以很高的速率从容器吸收热量的情况下。
在一些实施例中，吹制模具可用于产生结晶颈部完成件。例如，吹制模具的颈部和吹制模具的主体部可以有选择地控制预成型体/容器的温度，以实现结晶所需的量。因此，预成型体/容器的颈部可以被加热，并且在温度上逐渐减少以产生所需的结晶材料的量。
在用于预成型体的一些实施例中，其中颈部完成件主要由PET形成，预成型体被加热到优选为80℃至120℃的温度，更高的温度对于热定形实施例是优选的，并且给出达到平衡的短暂时间期间。在平衡以后，预成型体被拉伸到近似于最终容器的长度的长度。伴随拉伸，诸如冷冻食品级空气的加压空气被强制进入预成型体，加压空气用来膨胀预成型体的壁，以适应预成型体所依靠的模具，从而产生容器。流体循环通过模具和接触内表面迅速冷却的容器。可以基于所需的颈部完成件、生产时间等选择用于拉伸预成型体的冷却空气的温度和冷却模具的流体的温度。
这里所描述的制品可以由任何合适的热塑性材料制成，诸如聚酯，包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚烯烃类，包括聚丙烯和聚乙烯，聚碳酸酯，聚酰胺，包括尼龙(例如尼龙6、尼龙66、MXD6)，聚苯乙烯，环氧树脂，丙烯酸树脂，共聚物，共混物，接枝聚合物和/或改性聚合物(其单体或部分具有作为侧基的另一基根，例如，烯烃改性的聚酯)。可以以单独或相互结合的方式使用这些材料。更具体的材料的示例包括但不限于，乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(“EVOH”)，乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(“EVA”)，乙烯-丙烯酸(“EAA”)，线性低密度聚乙烯(“LLDPE”)，聚乙烯2，6-和1，5-萘二甲酸(PEN)，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯二醇(PETG)，聚(环己基烯二亚甲基对苯二甲酸)，聚苯乙烯，环烯烃，共聚物，聚4-甲基戊烯-1，聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)，丙烯腈，聚氯乙烯，聚偏二氯乙烯，苯乙烯-丙烯腈，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物，聚缩醛，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯，离聚物，聚砜，聚四氟乙烯，聚甲基1，2-二氧甲苯酸盐，以及乙烯对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚物。在某些实施例中，优选的材料可以是原始材料、消费前材料、消费后材料、回收物料、再生材料和/或它们的组合。
在一些实施例中，聚丙烯也指澄清的聚丙烯。如本文所用，术语“澄清的聚丙烯”是广义的术语，根据其普通含义使用，并且可能包括但不限于，包括成核抑制剂和/或澄清助剂的聚丙烯。与聚丙烯的均聚物或嵌段共聚物相比，澄清的聚丙烯是大致透明的材料。成核抑制剂的加入有助于防止和/或减少结晶度，这有助于聚丙烯内的聚丙烯的浑浊。澄清聚丙烯可以从各种来源购买，如Dow化学公司。代替地，成核抑制剂可以被加入到聚丙烯。
如本文所用，“PET”包括但并不限于改性PET以及与其他材料混合的PET。改性PET的一个示例是IPA-改性PET，涉及其中IPA含量按重量计优选大于约2％的PET，包括按重量计约2-10％IPA，还包括按重量计约5-10％IPA。在另一种改性PET中，在树脂的制造过程中增加显著量(例如，按重量约40％或更多)的额外的共聚单体、环己烷二甲醇(CHDM)到PET混合物。
添加剂可以被包括在本发明的制品中，以提供功能特性到得到的容器。这样的添加剂包括提供增强的阻气性、防紫外线、耐擦伤性、耐冲击性和/或耐化学性的那些。优选的添加剂可以通过本技术领域的技术人员已知的那些方法制备。例如，添加剂可以与特定材料直接混合，或者它们可以分开地溶解/分散，并且然后添加到特定材料。添加剂优选地在量上占该材料的约40％，还包括按重量高达该材料的约30％，20％，10％，5％，2％和1％。在其它实施例中，添加剂优选地在量上按重量达到小于或等于1％，材料的优选范围包括但并不限于，按重量约0.01％至约1％，约0.01％至约0.1％，和约0.1％至约1％。
另一种可能的添加剂是微粒粘土或石墨基材料。这些材料包括微小、微米或亚微米级尺寸(直径)，材料的颗粒提高材料的势垒和/或机械性能，通过产生更曲折路径，用于迁移诸如氧或二氧化碳的气体分子，以在渗透材料和/或提供增加的刚度时获得。在优选的实施例中，纳米颗粒材料按重量呈现范围从0.05至1％的量，包括按重量为0.1％，0.5％，和包括这些量的范围。一个优选微粒粘土基的产品是可以从Southern ClayProducts获得的
Figure BDA00003172766700101
在某些实施例中，优选的纳米颗粒包括可以使用三元或四元铵盐修改的蒙脱土(monmorillonite)。在进一步的实施例中，这些颗粒包括如在美国专利No.5780376中所描述的有机粘土，其全部公开内容通过引用被结合于此并形成本申请的公开的一部分。也可以使用其他合适的粘土基有机和无机微粒或纳米尺寸产品。人造和自然产品两者也是适合的。
在一些实施例中，通过加入一种或多种添加剂，可以增强材料的防紫外线性能。在一个优选的实施例中，所使用的紫外线防护材料提供达到约350纳米或更小的紫外线防护，优选地约370纳米或更小，更优选地约400nm或更小。紫外线防护材料可以用作添加剂，具有提供额外的功能的层，或分别地作为单个层提供。优选地，提供增强紫外线防护的添加剂按重量约0.05到20％存在于材料中，还包括按重量约0.1％，0.5％，1％，2％，3％，5％，10％，15％，以及包括这些量的范围。优选地，紫外线防护材料以与其它材料兼容的形式加入。在一些实施例中，优选的紫外线防护材料包括作为浓缩物添加的紫外线吸收剂接枝或改性的聚合物。其它优选的紫外线防护材料包括但不限于，苯并三唑、吩噻嗪类和硫撑二苯胺。在使用前，例如在喷注成型或挤出前，在熔融相的过程中，防紫外线材料可能会增加。合适的防紫外线材料可从Milliken、Ciba、Clariant获得。
虽然已经在某些优选的实施例和示例性方法的方面描述本发明，应当理解的是，本发明的范围是不被局限于此。相反，申请人的意图是本文所公开的方法和材料的对于本技术领域的技术人员是显而易见的变化将落入本申请人的发明的范围内。

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1.一种适于形成瓶的塑料预成型体，包括：
颈部，所述颈部适于接合盖子，并且所述颈部在其最下点处包括支撑环，所述颈部具有第一壁厚；和
细长主体部，所述细长主体部包括大致圆筒形壁部和端盖；
其中所述主体部的邻近所述支撑环的上段具有第二壁厚，所述第二壁厚大致近似于所述第一壁厚且小于在所述主体部的下段的第三壁厚。
2.根据权利要求1所述的塑料预成型体，其中所述第二壁厚是第三壁厚的约10％至约40％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的塑料预成型体，其中所述第二壁厚是第三壁厚的约25％至约30％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的塑料预成型体，其中所述第二壁厚为约0.7mm至约0.8mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的塑料预成型体，其中所述上段的轴向长度为颈部的轴向长度的约25％或更多。
6.根据权利要求1所述的塑料预成型体，其中所述上段的轴向长度为颈部的轴向长度的约25％至约35％。
7.一种塑料预成型体，包括：
包括支撑环的颈部，其中所述颈部具有第一壁厚；和
主体部，所述主体部包括具有上段、中段、下段的细长圆筒形壁，其中所述中段具有第二壁厚，并且主体部的下段包括端盖；
其中主体部的上段的壁厚大致近似于第一壁厚并且小于第二壁厚，其中所述上段的轴向长度是颈部的轴向长度的约25％或更多。
8.根据权利要求7所述的塑料预成型体，其中所述上段的壁厚是第二壁厚的约10％至约40％。
9.根据权利要求7所述的塑料预成型体，其中所述上段的壁厚是第二壁厚的约25％至约30％。
10.根据权利要求7所述的塑料预成型体，其中所述上段的壁厚为约0.7mm至约0.8mm。
11.根据权利要求7所述的塑料预成型体，其中所述上段的轴向长度是颈部的轴向长度的约25％至约35％。
12.一种瓶或容器，由根据权利要求1所述的预成型体制成。
13.一种瓶或容器，由根据权利要求7所述的预成型体制成。
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