CN103210754B - Method for breeding gentiana macrophylla low-altitude sound seedlings - Google Patents
Method for breeding gentiana macrophylla low-altitude sound seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding gentiana macrophylla low-altitude sound seedlings. The method comprises the following steps of selecting the seedling raising site and time; treating seeds, selecting the seeds harvested in the current year, soaking the seeds in 200mg/kg gibberellin for 24 hours, flushing and cleaning by tapping water, and airing for standby use; preparing a seedling bed; seeding; covering films and sunshade nets; weeding; and applying fertilizer. By utilizing the characteristic that the air temperature in winter is higher in the low-altitude areas, the areas are suitable for the growth and safe overwintering of the gentiana macrophylla seedlings, the low-altitude seedling raising in autumn and winter is utilized, the seedlings are carried to the high mountains to be planted in the next year, the growing process of the gentiana macrophylla is accelerated, and the four-year harvesting after planting is advanced to the three-year harvesting. Meanwhile, the conditions of flat dam areas, such as irrigation, are good, the technique popularizing degree is high, the farmer seedling raising technique is good, and the management is convenient, so a scaled seedling breeding base is easily established for breeding high-quality seedlings in the plateau areas, and the healthy development of the gentiana macrophylla of Tibetan medicines is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal plant cultivation technical field, relate in particular to the low height above sea level of a kind of bark of ash mating system in strong sprout.
Background technology
Bark of ash is Tibetan medicine material in the important tradition of China, and wild resource can not meet the demand of traditional Chinese medicine far away, and strengthening wild change man's kind research and Demonstration And Extension is the important measures of protection and sustainable use bark of ash resource.Because bark of ash growth cycle is long, sapling multiplication difficulty, input-output efficiency is low, and slower development is planted by wild change man, has affected the development of bark of ash.
The perennial high mountain medicinal material such as bark of ash, early growth is slow, reaches 5-6 month seedling stage, the breeding of growing seedlings in original producton location needs 1 year, and due to height above sea level, temperature is low, meagrely-populated, lack of labor, field management inconvenience, has affected the popularization that the wild change man of the contour Chinese yam material of bark of ash plants.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide the low height above sea level of a kind of bark of ash mating system in strong sprout, be intended to solve the perennial high mountain medicinal materials such as bark of ash, early growth is slow, reach 5-6 month seedling stage, the breeding of growing seedlings in original producton location needs 1 year, due to height above sea level, temperature is low, meagrely-populated, lack of labor, field management inconvenience, has affected the problem of the popularization that the wild change man of the contour Chinese yam material of bark of ash plants.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that the low height above sea level of a kind of bark of ash mating system in strong sprout,, this mating system comprises the following steps:
The place of growing seedlings, requires the seedling in the winter time can safe overwintering, and both winter, extreme lowest temperature was more than 0 DEG C.Therefore select 600 meters of following hills, the Sichuan Basin or Pingba districts of height above sea level; Apart from the nearer principle of high mountain planting site.
Seedling raise period, according to bark of ash seed sprouting rule and growth characteristic, the time is chosen at the period of temperature 20 DEG C of left and right, is conducive to bark of ash and emerges, can safe overwintering after emerging;
Seed treatment, uses sowing then, and with after 200mg/kg gibberellin immersion 24h, running water is rinsed well, dries for subsequent use;
Prepare in seedbed, after front stubble results, ploughs in time, and tilling depth 20cm～25cm, rakes, and picks up weeds and stone in field.Do railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.3m, execute appropriate base fertilizer on the face of railway carriage or compartment, urea 10kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg are evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in every mu of seedbed, organic manure or cake fertilizer 100kg become thoroughly decomposed; Convert 100 times of water even spraying with 0.5% phoxim granule or missible oil 2.5Kg/ mu and prevent and treat soil insect in earth's surface, shallow plowing leveling immediately, fills with the moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating;
Sowing, every mu of seedbed is used then and the bark of ash seed 1.0kg processing, and stirs and is sprinkled in ditch with clean thin river sand, covers the fine earth of 0.5cm.
Epiphragma, lid sunshade net, with bamboo chip by film ledge wide 2m, to heat soil moisture conservation, stratification and growth, and protect bark of ash seedling not by Cryogenic burns, safe overwintering; Wait for the coming year and after intensification, just take off film March; Prevent burning sun burn bark of ash seedling with sunshade more taking off film bonnet sunshade net year March;
Weeding, because bark of ash early growth is slow, weeds in field growth is very fast, needs except weeds after emerging, and kills grassy weed with selective herbicide, and broadleaf weed needs artificial weeding; Before emerging, need frequent weeding, keep without weeds, be preferably in weeds and pull out at any time little time, while pulling out after weeds grow up, easily make the bark of ash seedling that is about to emerge or emerging sustain damage, and destroy the smooth of ground, be unfavorable for taking root of radix gentiane dahuvicae seedling.
Topdress, chase after disposable fertilizer February in the coming year again, mu is executed 3 kilograms, urea, 1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs; Execute by the end of April once to send and transfer fertilizer, mu is executed 5 kilograms, urea, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs.
Further, the low height above sea level of this bark of ash mating system in strong sprout further comprises that diseases and pests controlling method is:
Leaf spot is prevented and treated method: while finding primary infection focus, full field sprays mancozeb 70% wetting powder 250g/ mu immediately, is watered 300 times～500 times, or 500 times～600 times solution of zineb 80% wetting powder, and every 10d repeats once, to spray 3-4 time altogether;
Rust is prevented and treated method: while finding primary infection focus, full field sprays triadimefon 25% wetting powder 30g/ mu immediately, is watered 30Kg, and every 10d repeats once, to spray 3-4 time altogether.
Yellowtop is prevented and treated method: this disease is the physiological disturbance that microelement deficiencies are introduced, the flavescence of blade chlorisis; Be watered 15Kg with green clever 50g/ mu again and spray, or add the trace element fertilizers such as iron zinc with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spray, repeat to spray 2-3 time, interval 15d once;
Underground pests is prevented and treated method: broadcast front use 0.5% phoxim granule (or missible oil) 2.5Kg/ mu and spray in earth's surface, after emerging, spray once again;
Control of aphids method: find aphid, 2000 times of liquid of Imidacloprid of 20%; 1500 times of liquid spraying control interval 7d～10d of Aphox of 25% repeat once.
Further, the unearthed selection of time method of the low height above sea level of this bark of ash mating system in strong sprout seedling is:
Low in April, the bark of ash 6-8 leaf phase, length of blade can go out transplantation of seedlings in the time of 8cm left and right.Concrete seedling-growing time is to determine according to mountain area bark of ash transplanting time, in the time that bark of ash growing area temperature is stablized by 12 DEG C, is conducive to bark of ash transplant survival.May, early and middle ten days was to fit the transplanting time of emerging, and transplanting time can not be postponed till early June at the latest.
Further, the seedling seedling standard of the low height above sea level of this bark of ash mating system in strong sprout, slightly determines seedling standard according to blade quantity, maximum leaf length, root length, root.Be divided into four grades; As high mountain, transplanting is mainly used 1-2 level seedling with seedling.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
(1) bark of ash transplantation of seedlings survival rate is high
See through 2010-2011 and carry out the low height above sea level Study on Seedling Cultivation Technique of bark of ash in bluish white river in Chengdu, result shows, grows seedlings in early September-late October, after planting about 30 days, emerges, and growth of seedling is normal, can safe overwintering, more reach 4 true leaves a year mid-February.Mid or late April reaches 8-10 sheet true leaf.Late May emerges and is transplanted to Ba Mei town, Ganzi Daofu County (height above sea level 3500m), and transplanting survival rate reaches 94.6%.
(2) the low height above sea level of bark of ash is grown seedlings and is saved seed, shortened bark of ash Planting Years
High mountain general planting need go up at the temperature that thaws, and after rainy season, sows, and generally could sow in late April, and seed sprouting and climatic variation and rainwater relation are very large, generally emerge very low, and sowing quantity is large; The cultivation of growing seedlings of low height above sea level; temperature is applicable to bark of ash seed sprouting; the links such as soil fertility, seedbed moisture are controlled; percentage of seedgermination is high, and sowing quantity is few, can cultivate healthy and strong seedling; gather at the 2-3 transplanting; and bark of ash Planting Years has been shortened in live the gathering at 3-5 of high mountain, the protection of resources of bark of ash is had to important function.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the low height above sea level of a kind of bark of ash mating system in strong sprout, and technical scheme is as follows:
1.1 kinds are selected
Select the kind of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (version in 2010) regulation.Gentiana straminea maxim Gentiana stamineaMaxim. radix gentiane dahuvicae G.dahurica Fisch great Ye bark of ash G.macrophylla Pall. gentiana crassicaulis Duthie G.crassicaulis Duthie ex Burkill.
1.2 selections of growing seedlings place
Require the seedling in the winter time can safe overwintering, both winter, extreme lowest temperature be at 0 DEG C.Therefore select 600 meters of following hills, the Sichuan Basin or Pingba districts of height above sea level; Apart from the nearer principle of high mountain planting site.Therefore, Ganzi plantation bark of ash, can select the area, river valley of Luding to grow seedlings; Aba Prefecture plantation bark of ash can select Dujiang weir to grow seedlings.The Highways ' that needs selection to have a good transport service, is convenient to seedling and transports to fast destination.
1.3 grow seedlings soil select
Select that fertile soil, soil layer are deep, irrigation and drainage loam easily.
1.4 seedling raise period
According to bark of ash seed sprouting rule and growth characteristic, and COMPONENT IN SOUTH SICHUAN BASIN warm winter feature, October, early and middle ten days was the comparatively suitable nursery stage of bark of ash, now temperature, 20 DEG C of left and right, is conducive to bark of ash and emerges, can safe overwintering after emerging.
1.5 seed treatment
With sowing then, soak after 24h with 200mg/kg gibberellin, running water is rinsed well, dries for subsequent use.
Prepare in 1.6 seedbeds
After front stubble results, plough in time, tilling depth 20cm～25cm, rakes, and picks up weeds and stone in field.Do railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.3m, (urea 10kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg are evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in every mu of seedbed, organic manure or cake fertilizer 100kg become thoroughly decomposed on the face of railway carriage or compartment, to execute appropriate base fertilizer.), to convert 100 times of water even spraying with 0.5% phoxim granule (or missible oil) 2.5Kg/ mu and prevent and treat soil insect in earth's surface, shallow plowing leveling immediately, fills with the moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating.
1.7 sowing
Every mu of seedbed is used then and the bark of ash seed 1.0kg processing, and stirs and is sprinkled in ditch with clean thin river sand, covers the fine earth of 0.5cm.
1.8 epiphragmas, lid sunshade net
With bamboo chip by film ledge wide 2m, to heat soil moisture conservation, stratification and growth, and protect bark of ash seedling not by Cryogenic burns, safe overwintering.Wait for the coming year and after intensification, just take off film March.Prevent burning sun burn bark of ash seedling with sunshade more taking off film bonnet sunshade net year March.
1.9 weeding
Because bark of ash early growth is slow, weeds in field growth is very fast, needs except weeds after emerging, and kills grassy weed with selective herbicide, and broadleaf weed needs artificial weeding.
Before emerging, need frequent weeding, keep without weeds, be preferably in weeds and pull out at any time little time, while pulling out after weeds grow up, easily make the bark of ash seedling that is about to emerge or emerging sustain damage, and destroy the smooth of ground, be unfavorable for taking root of radix gentiane dahuvicae seedling.
1.10 topdress
Chase after disposable fertilizer February in the coming year, mu is executed 3 kilograms, urea, 1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs again; Execute by the end of April once to send and transfer fertilizer, mu is executed 5 kilograms, urea, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs.
1.11 diseases and pests controlling
1.11.1 disease
1.11.1.1 leaf spot
While finding primary infection focus, full field sprays mancozeb 70% wetting powder 250g/ mu immediately, is watered 300 times～500 times, or 500 times～600 times solution of zineb 80% wetting powder, and every 10d repeats once, to spray 3-4 time altogether.
1.11.1.2 rust
While finding primary infection focus, full field sprays triadimefon 25% wetting powder 30g/ mu immediately, is watered 30Kg, and every 10d repeats once, to spray 3-4 time altogether.
1.11.1.3 yellowtop
This disease is the physiological disturbance that microelement deficiencies are introduced, the flavescence of blade chlorisis.Be watered 15Kg with green clever 50g/ mu again and spray, or add the trace element fertilizers such as iron zinc with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spray, repeat to spray 2-3 time, interval 15d once.
1.11.2 insect pest
1.11.2.1 underground pests
Broadcast front use 0.5% phoxim granule (or missible oil) 2.5Kg/ mu and spray in earth's surface, after emerging, spray once again.
1.11.2.2 aphid
Find aphid, 2000 times of liquid of Imidacloprid of 20%; 1500 times of liquid spraying control interval 7d～10d of Aphox of 25% repeat once.
1.11 seedlings are unearthed the time
Low in April, the bark of ash 6-8 leaf phase, length of blade can go out transplantation of seedlings in the time of 8cm left and right.Concrete seedling-growing time is to determine according to mountain area bark of ash transplanting time, in the time that bark of ash growing area temperature is stablized by 12 DEG C, is conducive to bark of ash transplant survival.May, early and middle ten days was to fit the transplanting time of emerging, and transplanting time can not be postponed till early June at the latest.
1.12 seedling standard
Slightly determine seedling standard according to blade quantity, maximum leaf length, root length, root.Be divided into four grades.As high mountain, transplanting is mainly used 1-2 level seedling with seedling.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the low height above sea level of a bark of ash mating system in strong sprout, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
The place of growing seedlings, requires the seedling in the winter time can safe overwintering, and winter, extreme lowest temperature was more than 0 DEG C, selected 600 meters of following hills, the Sichuan Basin or Pingba districts of height above sea level; Apart from the nearer principle of high mountain planting site;
Seedling raise period, according to bark of ash seed sprouting rule and growth characteristic, the time is chosen at the period of daily mean temperature 20 DEG C of left and right, is conducive to bark of ash and emerges, can safe overwintering after emerging;
Seed treatment, uses sowing then, and with after 200mg/kg gibberellin immersion 24h, running water is rinsed well, dries for subsequent use;
Prepare in seedbed, after front stubble results, ploughs in time, and tilling depth 20cm～25cm, rakes, and picks up weeds and stone in field; Do railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.3m, execute appropriate base fertilizer on the face of railway carriage or compartment, urea 10kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg are evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in every mu of seedbed, organic manure or cake fertilizer 100kg become thoroughly decomposed; Convert 100 times of water even spraying with 0.5% phoxim granule or missible oil 2.5Kg/ mu and prevent and treat soil insect in earth's surface, shallow plowing leveling immediately, fills with the moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating;
Sowing, every mu of seedbed is used then and the bark of ash seed 1.0kg processing, and stirs and is sprinkled in ditch with clean thin river sand, covers the fine earth of 0.5cm;
Epiphragma, lid sunshade net, with bamboo chip by film ledge wide 2m, to heat soil moisture conservation, stratification and growth, and protect bark of ash seedling not by Cryogenic burns, safe overwintering; Wait for the coming year and after intensification, just take off film March; Prevent burning sun burn bark of ash seedling with sunshade more taking off film bonnet sunshade net year March;
Weeding, because bark of ash early growth is slow, weeds in field growth is very fast, needs except weeds after emerging, and kills grassy weed with selective herbicide, and broadleaf weed needs artificial weeding; Before emerging, need frequent weeding, keep without weeds, should when weeds are little, pull out at any time, while pulling out after weeds grow up, easily make the bark of ash seedling that is about to emerge or emerging sustain damage, and destroy the smooth of ground, be unfavorable for taking root of radix gentiane dahuvicae seedling;
Topdress, chase after disposable fertilizer February in the coming year again, mu is executed 3 kilograms, urea, 1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs; Execute by the end of April once to send and transfer fertilizer, mu is executed 5 kilograms, urea, 1000 kilograms of liquid dungs.
2. the low height above sea level of bark of ash as claimed in claim 1 mating system in strong sprout, is characterized in that, the low height above sea level of this bark of ash mating system in strong sprout further comprises that diseases and pests controlling method is:
Leaf spot is prevented and treated method: while finding primary infection focus, full field sprays mancozeb 70% wetting powder 250g/ mu immediately, is watered 300 times～500 times, and every 10d repeats once, to spray 3-4 time altogether;
Rust is prevented and treated method: while finding primary infection focus, full field sprays triadimefon 25% wetting powder 30g/ mu immediately, is watered 30Kg, and every 10d repeats once, to spray 3-4 time altogether;
Yellowtop is prevented and treated method: this disease is the physiological disturbance that microelement deficiencies are introduced, the flavescence of blade chlorisis; Be watered 15Kg with green clever 50g/ mu again and spray, or add iron zinc microelement fertilizer with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spray, repeat to spray 2-3 time, interval 15d once;
Underground pests is prevented and treated method: broadcast front use 0.5% phoxim granule or missible oil 2.5Kg/ mu and spray in earth's surface, after emerging, spray once again;
Control of aphids method: find aphid, 1500 times of liquid spraying control interval 7d～10d of 2000 times of liquid of Imidacloprid of 20% and 25% Aphox repeat once.
3. the low height above sea level of bark of ash as claimed in claim 1 mating system in strong sprout, is characterized in that, the unearthed selection of time method of the low height above sea level of this bark of ash mating system in strong sprout seedling is:
By the end of April, the bark of ash 6-8 leaf phase, length of blade can go out transplantation of seedlings in the time of 8cm left and right.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106332634A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-18 | 刘政武 | Large-leaved gentian low-altitude autumn-sowing seedling-strengthening breeding method |
| CN106818111A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-06-13 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of bark of ash |
| CN111345210A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-06-30 | 玉龙县鲁甸山芸药业有限责任公司 | Breeding and planting method of gentiana macrophylla |
| CN111527822B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-12-10 | 内蒙古医科大学 | Treatment method, artificial planting and wild tending method of gentiana dabryi seeds |
| CN113367017B (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-12-12 | 昆明理工大学 | Vegetation restoration method for high-altitude ecological fragile area |
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| AU2003903909A0 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2003-08-07 | Albright & Wilson (Australia) Limited | Production methods |
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