CN103190280A - Planting method for pinellia ternata - Google Patents
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- CN103190280A CN103190280A CN201310141136XA CN201310141136A CN103190280A CN 103190280 A CN103190280 A CN 103190280A CN 201310141136X A CN201310141136X A CN 201310141136XA CN 201310141136 A CN201310141136 A CN 201310141136A CN 103190280 A CN103190280 A CN 103190280A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for pinellia ternate, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation techniques of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The planting method includes a, selecting seeds; b, ditching on a field surface to complete soil preparation; c, seeding around spring equinox in the lunar calendar, bedding fabrics or cloth-shaped materials at the bottom and on two lateral surfaces of the filed surface, placing seed stems or germination-accelerated seed stems on screens of ditches at the intervals of 3-8cm, and covering the seed stems with mixed fat soil with 4-5cm thickness; d, managing the field; and e, during harvesting, drawing back the fabrics or the cloth-shaped materials which contact with the bottoms and two lateral surfaces of the ditches and turn out from the upper edges of the ditches from one side, raking earthnuts, substantial fibres and pinellia ternate tubers with soil into containers, screening, sorting out, classifying, processing and storing the tubers, the earthnuts and the fibres. The width of the fabrics or the cloth-shaped materials can meet the requirement that the fabrics and the cloth-shaped materials can contact with the bottoms and the lateral sides of the ditches and turn out 2-6cm respectively from the two upper edges of the ditches. The planting method has the advantages that growth of weeds around the pinellia ternata plants can be prevented, and the pinellia ternata is convenient to harvest; and especially, the earthnuts can be sorted out, so that yield and income can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation and grow method of medicinal plant, particularly a kind of kind method for planting of the traditional Chinese medicine tuber of pinellia.
Background technology
The tuber of pinellia is aroid tuber of pinellia Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Berit., is used as medicine with the stem tuber of drying, and the beginning is stated from Shennong's Herbal, is the conventional Chinese medicine material that used simply more than 2000 year.Have eliminating dampness and eliminating phlegm, stopping nausea and vomiting by lowering the adverse flow of QI, the effect of dissolving lump and resolving mass." tuber of pinellia bar that records of Chinese pharmacopoeia comprises three kinds of forms of medicinal material, medicine materical crude slice and processed product (rhizoma pinellinae praeparata, pinellia, prepared RHIZOMA PINELLIZE without adju-vant) to version in 2010 now.Anhui is one of tuber of pinellia main producing region, and Yin Banxia, Shu Banxia, the clever tuber of pinellia, the burnt tuber of pinellia are arranged, and wherein the clever tuber of pinellia derives from the area, Fuyang, gains the name because Fuyang is once called as the Ying Zhou mansion.At present, the output of the tuber of pinellia derives from wild and the artificial planting tuber of pinellia, development along with Chinese medicinal material industry, tuber of pinellia consumption is increasing, oneself obviously can not satisfy the demands wild resource, in order to improve the quantum of output of the tuber of pinellia, people have carried out the artificial planting of the tuber of pinellia, as publication number be: 1729748, open day be: on 02 08th, 2006, name is called: the Chinese patent application of " artificial method for planting of the tuber of pinellia " discloses a kind of like this technical scheme: the artificial method for planting of the tuber of pinellia, plant by following step: a, seed selection: select the tuber of pinellia stem tuber of piece footpath 0. 5-1. 2cm to make kind of a stem usefulness, sowing quantity is every mu of bright product 110～130kg; B, whole ground: carefully rake the furrow face is whole, ditch at the furrow face, furrow width 8-12cm, dark 4-6cm, ditch is apart from 15-20cm; C, plantation: when face of land 5cm ground temperature is stabilized in 8 ℃～10 ℃, place bottom of trench with kind of stem or through the kind stem of vernalization by the spacing of 2--5cm, cover the mixing loam of 4～lOcm; Cover mulch film; D, management: should keep the moistening of soil after the plantation, when 5cm ground temperature is stabilized in 15 ℃～l8 ℃, emerging reaches at 50% o'clock, opens mulch film; Keep the moistening and nutriment in a fertilizer of soil to gather to tuber of pinellia maturation.This method needs intertill and clean tillage in the field management step, because tuber of pinellia plant is short and small, to often weed with a hoe at growing period, avoid the farmland running to weeds, because of the root growth of the tuber of pinellia around stem tuber, its root system is concentrated the topsoil that is distributed in about dark 10cm, so weeding will be accomplished except early, except little, except, the tuber of pinellia because of this method is the plantation in early spring again, plastic mulching, when it is emerged; little Thistle, kitchen garden, eclipta, green foxtail, the lady's-grass grass, eleusine indica, india lovegrass, the rhizoma cyperi grass, three-coloured amaranth, little japanese bearbind, grey dish, kind of weeds also are unearthed thereupon surplus the Asiatic plantains etc. ten, and quantity is many, often cause and take off the difficulty of emerging behind the film, influence the output of the tuber of pinellia; This method in the step of gathering, employing be traditional collecting method, the efficient of gathering is low; The tuber of pinellia also has subterranean stem extremely short, can produce 1～2 piece root and a large amount of fibrous root on stem, and the root tip of bigger piece root often rots, the characteristic that the piece root also can be bred, traditional collecting method not only stem tuber is gathered inentirely, more is difficult to sort out piece root and a large amount of fibrous root, and is bigger to the harvest influence.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, provide a kind of and can prevent tuber of pinellia plant weed growth on every side, gather conveniently, thus the kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia of realization increasing both production and income target.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia is planted by following step;
A, seed selection: select the tuber of pinellia stem tuber of piece footpath 0. 5-1.1cm to make kind of a stem usefulness;
B, whole ground: carefully rake the furrow face is whole, the wide 1.3-1.8m of furrow ditches at the furrow face, furrow width 10-15cm, dark 6-10cm, and ditch is apart from 12-18cm;
C, plantation: in the first ten-day period of the March, the lunar calendar is sowing before and after the Spring Equinox, the bottom of on the furrow face, ditching and two sides place mat fabric or cloth-like thing, fabric or cloth-like thing width are for contacting and rout up each 2-6 cm of ditch two upper edges with the bottom of ditching and two sides, place on the gauze of bottom of trench with kind of stem or through the kind stem of the vernalization spacing by 3--8cm, cover the mixing loam of 4～lOcm;
D, management: should keep the moistening of soil after the plantation, should in time water later on, the ridging of topdressing, the soil moisture conservation of shading keeps the moistening and nutriment in a fertilizer of soil to gather to tuber of pinellia maturation;
E, gather: collecting time: determine collecting time in a conventional manner; When gathering, contact and rout up fabric or the cloth-like thing of ditch upper edge from a layback and the bottom of ditching and two sides, the piece root that produces on the extremely short subterranean stem and a large amount of fibrous root and tuber of pinellia stem tuber are connected soil plough under in the container, sieve, sort out stem tuber, piece root and fibrous root, classification processing preservation.
The kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia, described fabric or cloth-like thing refer to: one or more of plastic gauze, gauze, weaving cloth, Polypropylence Sheet with holes, nonwoven, the ventilative permeable article of felt one class.
The kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia, described fabric or cloth-like thing refer to: plastic gauze or gauze.
The kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia, in the steps d, should in time topdress: be the opportunity of topdressing: carry out once behind the neat seedling of the tuber of pinellia, carry out once when bulbil all forms, carry out once after the tuber of pinellia falls seedling, carry out once when the neat seedling of tuber of pinellia new talent.
The kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia, the tuber of pinellia in steps d be in vegetative period, when having ripe bulbil and seed to fall within on the ground successively, in conjunction with use phosphorus, potassium mixing fertilizer is earthed up, way is to get fine earth to be sprinkling upon equably on the furrow face, thick about 1～2cm covers bulbil.
The kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia, the tuber of pinellia growth middle and later periods, sprayed a 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in per 10 days or/and nutrient, described nutrient is: it by nucleosides hydrochlorate, glucose or/and middle trace element form, its percentage by weight is: nucleosides hydrochlorate 10-30%, glucose 40-80%, middle micro-10-30%, the concentration of nucleotide salt is 100-200ppm in spray liquid.
The kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia, the positive sun plant of high bar in the field interplanting has.
The kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia, the positive sun plant of high bar is corn, wheat or legume crop in described.
Fabric or cloth-like thing refer in the present invention: one or more of plastic gauze, gauze, weaving cloth, Polypropylence Sheet with holes, nonwoven, felt etc.
In the present invention, the nucleosides hydrochlorate mainly refers to: 5 '-adenylate disodium or potassium, 5 '-bird adenylate disodium or potassium, 5 '-cytidylic acid disodium or potassium, 5 '-four kind 5 in uridine monophosphate disodium or potassium '-sodium salt or the sylvite of mixed nucleotides; Glucose has another name called dextrose, and molecular formula is C6H1206, and white crystalline powder is water-soluble; Middle trace element is Mn, Mo, Fe, Mg or Zn, and middle micro-ratio is Mn:Mo:Fe:Mg:Zn=2:1:2:1:2.The nucleosides hydrochlorate not only can be regulated the growth of plant very effectively, can be used as nutrient source again and is absorbed rapidly by plant, strengthens the plant root vigor, improves the plant anti-adversity ability, thus improve crop output, improve product quality.The little molecule of nucleotide has the root system of enhancing vigor to plant, improves root to the absorption of nutrition.
Owing to adopted: the bottom of on the furrow face, ditching and two sides place mat plastic gauze, the gauze width is for contacting and rout up each 2-6 cm of ditch two upper edges with the bottom of ditching and two sides, place on the gauze of bottom of trench with kind of stem or through the kind stem of the vernalization spacing by 3--8cm, cover the method for the mixing loam of 4～lOcm, plastic gauze can shelter from the growth of weeds, and the unearthed quantity of weeds is few, so, can save the intertill and clean tillage step, method is easy, improves tuber of pinellia output;
Owing to adopted line-spacing 3--8cm; dense planting plantation, the different opportunity of spacing in the rows 12-18cm repeatedly topdress, earth up; also adopted and sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate or/and nutrient; step such as preserve soil moisture, shelter from heat or light; make it to have produced: production cost is low; technology is simple, is easy to large-scale production and popularization, increases production, increases income, the beneficial effect of synergy.
Owing to adopted spraying nutritious agent: because the tuber of pinellia is when summer temperature continues up to 30 ℃, owing to high temperature and intense light irradiation, make strong excessively, the strong excessively respiration of respiration of the tuber of pinellia, the material that consumes surpasses the material that photosynthesis accumulates, and causes the cellular plasm structural damage and " seedling "." fall seedling " is a kind of adaptability that the tuber of pinellia is resisted high temperature, intense light irradiation, to preserving and the life of the continuity tuber of pinellia plays positive role.But with regard to tuber of pinellia production, " seedling " shortened the vegetative period of the tuber of pinellia, has a strong impact on the output of the tuber of pinellia.Therefore, aborning, taking measures to postpone or reduce the summer " seedling " of the tuber of pinellia, is the essential condition that realizes tuber of pinellia high yield and high quality.In cultivation except take suitable cover shady and sprinkling irrigation water reducing intensity of illumination, temperature and the ground temperature, but spraying nutritious agent also to increase the resistance of the tuber of pinellia, reduces the consumption of photosynthetic product, thereby postpone and reduce " fall seedling ", obtain tangible yield increase effect.
Owing to adopted the method for laying fabric or cloth-like thing, thereby when realizing gathering, contact and rout up fabric or the cloth-like thing of ditch upper edge from a layback and the bottom of ditching and two sides, the piece root that produces on the extremely short subterranean stem and a large amount of fibrous root and tuber of pinellia stem tuber are connected soil plough under (container with holes can doublely be made sieve) in the container, sieve, sort out stem tuber, piece root and fibrous root, not only make big or small stem tuber gather fully, make things convenient for, can also sort out piece root and fibrous root etc., gather conveniently, the efficient height, improve harvest greatly.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia is planted by following step: put in order ground, c. plantation, d. management and e. to a. seed selection, b. choosing and gather;
Described a. seed selection is to select the tuber of pinellia stem tuber about 1cm to make kind of a stem usefulness;
Be the flat furrow of selecting sandy loam, making south-north direction with putting in order described b. choosing, the furrow face put in order carefully raked, the wide 1.8m of furrow, corn is made by 60 ㎝ spacing in the rows points in the furrow both sides, ditches at the furrow face, furrow width 15cm, dark 10cm, ditch is apart from 18cm;
Described c. plantation is in the first ten-day period of the March, the sowing of lunar calendar time in the Spring Equinox, the bottom of on the furrow face, ditching and two sides place mat plastic gauze, the gauze width is 47cm, mesh 20 orders, and plastic gauze contacts and routs up each 6cm of ditch two upper edges with the bottom of ditching and two sides, the spacing of kind of stem by 8cm placed on the gauze of bottom of trench, cover the mixing loam of lOcm, the fertilizer that mixes in the loam is by 30 kilograms in every mu of cake fertilizer, compound P/K fertile 20 kilograms with native mixing.
Described d, management is should keep the moistening of soil after the plantation, should in time water later on, the ridging of topdressing, the soil moisture conservation of shading, keep the moistening and nutriment in a fertilizer of soil to gather to tuber of pinellia maturation, be the opportunity of topdressing that should in time topdress: carry out once behind the neat seedling of the tuber of pinellia, carry out once when bulbil all forms, carry out once after the tuber of pinellia falls seedling, each every mu applies compoiste fertilizer 1000-2000kg, carry out once when the neat seedling of tuber of pinellia new talent, every mu applies the cake fertilizer 25kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 20kg, urea 10kg, puddle evenly with ditch soil, be spread on the soil table, when having ripe bulbil and seed to fall within on the ground successively, will be in conjunction with using phosphorus, potassium mixing fertilizer is earthed up, way is to get fine earth to be sprinkling upon equably on the furrow face, and thick about 1～2cm covers bulbil.The tuber of pinellia growth middle and later periods, when particularly temperature is higher (about 30 ℃), sprayed 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in per 10 days or/and nutrient, described nutrient is: it by nucleosides hydrochlorate, glucose or/and middle trace element form, its percentage by weight is: nucleosides hydrochlorate 20%, glucose 65%, middle trace element 15%, the nucleosides hydrochlorate mainly refers to: 5 '-adenylate disodium or potassium, 5 '-bird adenylate disodium or potassium, 5 '-cytidylic acid disodium or potassium, 5 '-four kind 5 in uridine monophosphate disodium or potassium '-sodium salt or the sylvite of mixed nucleotides; Glucose has another name called dextrose, and molecular formula is C6H1206, and white crystalline powder is water-soluble; Middle trace element is Mn, Mo, Fe, Mg or Zn, and middle micro-ratio is Mn:Mo:Fe:Mg:Zn=2:1:2:1:2.The concentration of spray liquid is 100-200ppm.
Described e. gathers and is: in then or gathered in the 2nd year.Generally gathered afterwards in summer, the withered seedling of cauline leaf in autumn.But with Grain in Ear in summer to gathering between the Summer Solstice to good.Therefore tuber of pinellia moisture is few the time, the mealiness foot, and matter is hard, and color and luster is pure white, and quality of medicinal material is good, the output height.Choosing is fine when gathering, contact and rout up the plastic gauze of ditch upper edge from a layback and the bottom of ditching and two sides, the piece root that produces on the extremely short subterranean stem and a large amount of fibrous root and tuber of pinellia stem tuber are connected soil to plough under in the basket, sieve, sort out stem tuber, piece root and fibrous root, the bright stem tuber of per mu yield and piece root 750～1000kg, (rate 25%～30% of giving money as a gift).
Embodiment 2:
A kind of kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia is planted by following step: put in order ground, c. plantation, d. management and e. to a. seed selection, b. choosing and gather;
Described a. seed selection is to select the tuber of pinellia stem tuber about diameter 0.6cm to make kind of a stem usefulness;
Be the flat furrow of selecting sandy loam, making south-north direction with putting in order described b. choosing, the furrow face put in order carefully raked that the wide 1.5m of furrow ditches at the furrow face, furrow width 12cm, dark 7cm, ditch is apart from 15cm;
Described c. plantation is in the first ten-day period of the March, the sowing of lunar calendar time in the Spring Equinox, the bottom of on the furrow face, ditching and two sides place mat gauze, the gauze width is 40cm, and gauze thickness is the twice of common gauze, and gauze contacts and routs up about each 4cm of ditch two upper edges with the bottom of ditching and two sides, the spacing of kind of stem by 3cm placed on the gauze of bottom of trench, cover the mixing loam of 7cm, the fertilizer that mixes in the loam is by 20 kilograms in every mu of cake fertilizer, compound P/K fertile 30 kilograms with native mixing.
Described d, management is should keep the moistening of soil after the plantation, should in time water later on, the ridging of topdressing, the soil moisture conservation of shading, the plant of soil moisture conservation of shading is wheat or soybean, keeps the moistening and nutriment in a fertilizer of soil to gather to tuber of pinellia maturation, and be the opportunity of topdressing that should in time topdress: carry out once behind the neat seedling of the tuber of pinellia, when all forming, bulbil carries out once, carry out once after the tuber of pinellia falls seedling, each every mu applies compoiste fertilizer 1000-1500kg, carries out once when the neat seedling of tuber of pinellia new talent, every mu applies the cake fertilizer 25kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 20kg, urea 10kg puddles evenly with ditch mud, be spread on the soil table, when having ripe bulbil and seed to fall within on the ground successively, be in conjunction with using phosphorus, potassium mixing fertilizer is earthed up, and way is to get fine earth to be sprinkling upon equably on the furrow face, thick about 1～2cm covers bulbil.The tuber of pinellia growth middle and later periods sprayed 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and nutrient in per 10 days, described nutrient such as embodiment 1 nutrient, and the concentration of spraying nutritious agent liquid is 150ppm.
Described e. gathers and is: in then or gathered in the 2nd year.Generally gathered afterwards in summer, the withered seedling of cauline leaf in autumn.But with Grain in Ear in summer to gathering between the Summer Solstice to good.Therefore tuber of pinellia moisture is few the time, the mealiness foot, and matter is hard, and color and luster is pure white, and quality of medicinal material is good, the output height.Choosing is fine when gathering, contact and rout up the gauze of ditch upper edge from a layback and the bottom of ditching and two sides, the piece root that produces on the extremely short subterranean stem and a large amount of fibrous root and tuber of pinellia stem tuber are connected soil to plough under in the basket, sieve, sort out stem tuber, piece root and fibrous root, the bright stem tuber of per mu yield and piece root 700～1100kg, (rate 25%～30% of giving money as a gift).
Claims (8)
1. the kind method for planting of a tuber of pinellia is characterized in that: plant by following step;
A, seed selection: select the tuber of pinellia stem tuber of piece footpath 0. 5-1.1cm to make kind of a stem usefulness;
B, whole ground: carefully rake the furrow face is whole, the wide 1.3-1.8m of furrow ditches at the furrow face, furrow width 10-15cm, dark 6-10cm, and ditch is apart from 12-18cm;
C, plantation: in the first ten-day period of the March, the lunar calendar is sowing before and after the Spring Equinox, the bottom of on the furrow face, ditching and two sides place mat fabric or cloth-like thing, fabric or cloth-like thing width are for contacting and rout up each 2-6 cm of ditch two upper edges with the bottom of ditching and two sides, place on the gauze of bottom of trench with kind of stem or through the kind stem of the vernalization spacing by 3--8cm, cover the mixing loam of 4～lOcm;
D, management: should keep the moistening of soil after the plantation, should in time water later on, the ridging of topdressing, the soil moisture conservation of shading keeps the moistening and nutriment in a fertilizer of soil to gather to tuber of pinellia maturation;
E, gather: collecting time: determine collecting time in a conventional manner; When gathering, contact and rout up fabric or the cloth-like thing of ditch upper edge from a layback and the bottom of ditching and two sides, the piece root that produces on the extremely short subterranean stem and a large amount of fibrous root and tuber of pinellia stem tuber are connected soil plough under in the container, sieve, sort out stem tuber, piece root and fibrous root, classification processing preservation.
2. the kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fabric or cloth-like thing refer to: one or more of plastic gauze, gauze, weaving cloth, Polypropylence Sheet with holes, nonwoven, the ventilative permeable article of felt one class.
3. the kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fabric or cloth-like thing refer to: plastic gauze or gauze.
4. the kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the steps d, should in time topdress: be the opportunity of topdressing: carry out once behind the neat seedling of the tuber of pinellia, carry out once when bulbil all forms, after the tuber of pinellia falls seedling, carry out once, when the neat seedling of tuber of pinellia new talent, carry out once.
5. the kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the tuber of pinellia in steps d is in vegetative period, when having ripe bulbil and seed to fall within on the ground successively, will in conjunction with use phosphorus, potassium mixing fertilizer is earthed up, way is to get fine earth to be sprinkling upon equably on the furrow face, thick about 1～2cm covers bulbil.
6. the kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the tuber of pinellia growth middle and later periods, sprayed a 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in per 10 days or/and nutrient, described nutrient is: it by nucleosides hydrochlorate, glucose or/and middle trace element form, its percentage by weight is: nucleosides hydrochlorate 10-30%, glucose 40-80%, middle micro-10-30%, the concentration of nucleotide salt is 100-200ppm in spray liquid.
7. according to the kind method for planting of the described tuber of pinellia of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 6, be characterised in that: the positive sun plant of high bar in the field interplanting has.
8. the kind method for planting of the tuber of pinellia according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the positive sun plant of high bar is corn, wheat or legume crop in described.
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| CN110278734A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-27 | 北京市首发天人生态景观有限公司 | A kind of method and application improving mixed seeding shrub seeds germination percentage |
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