CN1031548C - 制造软干酪的方法和装置 - Google Patents

制造软干酪的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1031548C
CN1031548C CN92100903A CN92100903A CN1031548C CN 1031548 C CN1031548 C CN 1031548C CN 92100903 A CN92100903 A CN 92100903A CN 92100903 A CN92100903 A CN 92100903A CN 1031548 C CN1031548 C CN 1031548C
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福理德里奇·奥托
A·督比尔次克
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Abstract

本发明涉及可泵送食品,特别是软干酪制备方法和装置。本发明提出的是连续加工工艺,其中例如干酪料用水蒸汽加热到例如95℃,再通过混合区经受高度涡流并在高速运转的器具中乳化,部分混合后送入进一步加工和处理段。

Description

     制造软干酪的方法和装置
本发明涉及制造可泵送食品,特别是软干酪的方法,其中干酪原料粗粉碎,与其它配方成分混合,注入蒸汽热处理并冷却和乳化后再送去处理或加工。
本发明还涉及制造可泵送食品,特别是软干酪的装置,其中包括干酪原料加工设备,混合器,加热并后续冷却干酪的设备和干酪输送泵。
可泵送食品包括流态和粘性食品,如乳制品和干酪制品,汤,调味品,蛋黄酱和婴儿食品。为简化起见,权利要求和说明书中特别提到制备软干酪。
上述方法常见间歇,或不连续操作。本发明目的是开发一种操作更为简便的方法,其中可用更少的操作费用长时间制造一定配方。此外,还提出宜于实现这种方法的装置。
根据上述方法,本发明中这一目的可这样达到:
a)向标准干酪料中注入饮用水蒸汽以将其加热到最高140℃;
b)干酪料连续导送过混合区并进行高度涡流混合;
c)对注入的蒸汽量进行测定以使冷凝物对应于流过混合区的干酪料而至少近于100%地放出其能量;
d)连续从混合区取出的加工干酪料经过高速运转的器具而乳化并部分混合后送去进一步加工。
根据上述装置,本发明中这一目的可这样达到:
a)设混合室(8);
a1)该室中连入混合和传送轴(6),可以1000—4000转/分速度转动;
a2)混合室壳内基本上与轴(6)同心设置干酪原料混合物入口管(3),
a3)混合室(8)内或之前基本上与轴(6)垂直连入蒸汽喷嘴(10)或类似设施;
b)设乳化室(13);
b1)在与干酪原料混合物入口管(3)相对的一端连到混合室(8)内;
b2)其中包括均化器和乳化器段(11,12);
b3)该器具段包括乳化室壳内固定设置的定子(12)和绕其同心非接触设置的转子(11),该转子又与混合和传送轴(6)同轴设置并可与其一起转动;
b4)定子(12)和转子(11)具有轴向槽口(15)之间形成的轮齿(16);
b5)从乳化室(13)伸出的出料管(14)与上述器具段径向设置。
这种连续操作方法和装置可借助目前已有的调节和控制技术,特别是在无间断程序化控制情况下操作,而且操作简便,不必为此长期增设经过特殊训练的人员。
本发明连续方法之前设非连续的加工工艺。在制造软干酪时,原料在干酪剁碎机中粉碎并在混合机中加各种配料而且相互混合均匀。这种未热处理物料粒径约1—4mm。这期间优选使用每批最多可混合5吨的混合机。粗粉碎和上述混合工艺后从这批物料中取样分析,为的是正好达到经济利用率高且符合干酪配方规定的脂肪和水含量。
通过本发明提出的高度涡流,其中已加入事先已直接引入高温蒸汽的干酪料,在短短几秒钟内蒸汽能就会传给干酪料并将其加热到例如95℃。再经过紧随其后的乳化其中又用高速运转的器具进行,就可制得外观光泽、涂抹性和组织均达到高标准的软干酪。
以下参照实施方案详述本发明其它特征以及本发明优点。
图中示出了本发明实施方案例的形式。
图1为制造软干酪示意图;
图2为图1所示并旋转180°的混合和软化设备侧视部分剖面放大图;
图3为图2所示右边部分放大剖视图;
图4为图3所示上述混合和软化设备定子的俯视部分剖面放大图;
图5为图4剖面所示细节放大图和
图6为图4中VI—VI线截面图。
图1又细分为各个操作区,包括混合区A,混合和软化区B,高温加热区C,膨胀和乳化区D以及出料区E。
干酪原料以大块送入特制干酪剁碎机中并粉碎至1—4mm细度后用已知传送设施送到混合机1,这在图1的混合区A中示出,例如可为开式双螺旋混合机,适于处理高达5000kg的产品。剁碎的干酪原料中加入其它配方成分并于常见的15—30℃混合温度下均入混合。然后对干酪混合料进行分析并按要求调节脂肪和水量以及pH值。
经过加工的标准干酪料用制酪泵2从混合机1送入连续运转的混合和软化设备4的进料管3中,其中泵的运转用频控马达进行以调节传送物流。
图2和3详细说明了上述混合和软化设备4的结构。运转用来详细示出的工业用马达进行,其马达轴5带动混合和传送轴6,其中径向设有混合器具7,操作时依据相应的冲角而在马达方向上给予混合料轴向传送动力。混合和传送轴6处在混合室8中,面对产品传送方向上看,经过蒸汽注入区9而连入上述进料管3。蒸汽的注入是从形成蒸汽注入区9的室壁周围用蒸汽注入器,蒸汽环,蒸汽单向阀10或类似设施进行的。
在以1000—4000/分转速转动的马达轴5上转动设有转子11(见图3),从产品传送方向上看,是与混合和传送轴6相连并在固定的定子12内转动。由转子11和定子12构成的乳化段设于乳化室13中,其壳体用法兰直接连在马达上,并且设有从其中伸出的软干酪出料管14,径向置于乳化段11,12上。
根据图4—6,定子12具有轴向槽口15之间形成的轮齿16,而且其上面固定有片状形式的切削件17。切削件17的两个轴向棱角之一设计成切削棱角18,而另一个轴向棱角与后续切削件17的切削棱角一起形成切削缝19。一般来说,乳化段可按EP—B10005 726所述形式设计。
经蒸汽单向阀10注入的蒸汽符合饮用水标准,温度优选140℃。但注入蒸汽温度也可达170℃,这因此要求更高的设备费用。优选是注入蒸汽后紧接着用高速运转的混合器具7导入泵送的干酪原料并形成高度涡流。蒸汽通过冷凝将其能量传给干酪料并在几秒内迅速加热到要求温度,优选95℃。本发明高度涡流是必须的,因为这样才能在最短时间内将蒸汽能传给干酪料。蒸汽压可达8.0巴,其中送入的蒸汽量进行测定,以使冷凝物相应于流通的干酪料而至少近于100%地放出其能量,因此在整个系统中不会出现游离蒸汽。
在连续操作的成套设备中,可根据每小时产量,配方和质量要求,转速,混合和传送轴6以及转子一定子体系11、12而作调整,以达到不同的强涡流作用和均化效果。而且转子一定子体系还可根据均化强度将均化缝隙调为0.05—10mm,优选0.1—3mm。因此,可改变剪切力,当然也可通过改变转速而达到。所有这类可能的改变对乳化和分散效果均有很大的影响并因而直接影响干酪料外观,光泽,涂抹性和组织。应用本发明技术时可对软化工艺有关的所有物理,热和化学方面的因素进行优化组合调节,以获得最好的终产品结果。连续操作的加热和乳化工艺可通过常见的调节设施加以控制,以达到绝对均匀的质量。
如图1所示,干酪加工后紧接软干酪出料管14设有保温和反应段20,根据产品和产品温度,如对涂抹软干酪而言,当然也可对块状和片状干酪而言,保温时间可选为4—180秒。出料管(14)必要时经过高温加热区(C)后连入真空膨胀和乳化器(25)。
保温和反应段20后,如图1所示,接有高温加热设备21,其中软干酪料从例如95℃加热到140℃,以有效地延长干酪的保存期。该工艺是经蒸汽管22注入过压饮用质量水蒸汽进行的,蒸汽管22类似于与混合和软化设备4之蒸汽单向阀10相连的蒸汽管23。在高温加热区中设有传送涡流的措施。
高温加热区C后,如图1所示,接有膨胀和乳化区D。在经历又一次保温段24后现在已是软干酪的上述干酪料引入真空膨胀和乳化器25,其中连接有与从容器25抽出的蒸汽混合物集聚区连通的真空设备26和冷凝器27。在膨胀和乳化区(D)中对真空进行测量,以使近乎高温加热区中作为蒸汽加入的水量得以蒸发。在膨胀和乳化器25中,通一定程度的真空将原为95—140℃的软干酪温度在几秒钟内迅速降到要求的约80℃产品或乳化温度。通过调节可使直空度和产品温度保持恒定。在容器25中,设有可转动的混合和乳化器具28,可以5—50转/分的速度转动。通过该器具可改善软干酪的乳化。此外,乳化前和/或其间还可将新添加的无菌产品混入软干酪料。在图1中,因此示出了附加品容器29以及带泵和止回阀的送料管30,连入容器25的吸入口。
膨胀和乳化器25置于称重室中,生产期间预融量以及容器水平可持续得以监控并准确测定。因此,例如对应于给定重量的水平可在开关箱上的显示板上肉眼读出。
为在工艺操作期间连续净化膨胀和乳化容器25以及真空设备26的真空罐,在上述容器25上设有3根净化管31、32、33,均装有止回阀。就其壳体和建造结构而言,膨胀和乳化器25符合最高的卫生和美学要求。也就是说,可停留残渣的死区得以避免。曾用来制造该产品缝隙螺旋在这里没有用途。所有放置轴的缝隙均得以直接净化。
如图1所示,膨胀和乳化容器25上还接有水管34、35和蒸汽管36。该容器25还设有底部阀37,用以连续泵送出制成并后续乳化的软干酪。制成并后续乳化的软干酪的传送是用例如齿轮泵38连续送入缓冲容器39并从那里再送入包装机40。

Claims (17)

1.制造软干酪的方法,其中干酪原料被粗粉碎,与其它配方成分混合成标准干酪料,往其中注入饮用水的蒸汽进行加热,并将干酪料连续导送过混合区,接着冷却,然后再送去处理或加工,其特征是:
a)将标准干酪料加热到最高140℃;
b)对注入的蒸汽量进行测定以使冷凝物对应于流过混合区的干酪料而至少近于100%地放出其能量;
c)在混合区经过高速运转的器具对干酪料进行高度涡流化处理;
d)混合区后接乳化区,从混合区取出的干酪料经过高速运转的器具而乳化并部分混合;
e)软干酪料在膨胀和乳化区中真空冷却,在上述区中软干酪料经缓慢运转的器具乳化。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征是干酪料加工后接保温和反应段(20)。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征是在后接乳化区(B)的高温加热区(C)中向可流动软干酪注入过压饮用质量水蒸汽并将软干酪加热到高达140℃。
4.权利要求3的方法,其特征是加热在高达8巴的蒸汽压下进行。
5.权利要求3的方法,其特征是高温加热区后接保温段(24)。
6.权利要求1的方法,其特征是软干酪料在膨胀和乳化区(D)中真空冷却,其中通过调节而保持恒定的真空将软干酪温度在几秒钟内迅速降到80℃的产品或乳化温度。
7.权利要求6的方法,其特征是在膨胀和乳化区(D)中对真空度进行测量,以使高温加热区中作为蒸汽送入的水量得以蒸发。
8.权利要求7的方法,其特征是蒸汽混合物经真空设备抽出并冷凝。
9.权利要求1的方法,其特征是在乳化前和/或其间吸入或泵入无菌添加物,然后混入软干酪。
10.实施上述权利要求之一所述方法的装置,其中设有干产物加工设备,混合器(1),工艺中操作软化和混合设备(4),干酪料后续冷却设备和干酪料传送泵(12,38),其特征是
a)设混合室(8)
a1)该混合室中连入混合和传送轴(6),以1000—4000转/分速度转动;
a2)混合室壳内与轴(6)同心设置干酪原料混合物入口管(3);
a3)混合室(8)内或之前与轴(6)垂直连入蒸汽喷嘴(10);
b)设乳化室(13);
b1)在与干酪原料混合物入口管(3)相对的一端连到混合室(8)内;
b2)其中包括均化器和乳化器具段(11,12);
b3)该器具段包括乳化室壳内固定设置的定子(12)和绕其同心非接触设置的转子(11),该转子又与混合和传送轴(6)同轴设置并可与其一起转动;
b4)定子(12)和转子(11)具有轴向槽口(15)之间形成的轮齿(16);
b5)从乳化室(13)伸出的出料管(14)与器具段(11,12)径向设置;
c)冷却和乳化装置(D)包括真空膨胀和乳化器(25),容器(25)连有与从该容器抽出的蒸汽混合物集聚区相连的真空设备(26)以及冷凝器(27),其中混合和乳化器具(28)可在容器(25)中转动,速度5—50转/分。
11.权利要求10的装置,其特征是混合和传送轴(6)以及转子(12)直接固定在马达轴(5)上,其中设有乳化和混合室(13,8)。
12.权利要求10或11的装置,其特征是定子轴向轮齿(16)间的间隙可选为0.05-10mm。
13.权利要求11的装置,其特征是马达转速可变。
14.权利要求10的装置,其特征是混合和软化设备(4)的软干酪出料管14必要时经过高温加热区(C)后连入真空膨胀和乳化器(25)。
15.权利要求14的装置,其特征是膨胀和乳化器(25)设有送入添加物的吸入口。
16.权利要求14的装置,其特征是膨胀和乳化器(25)置于称重室中。
17.权利要求14的装置,其特征是膨胀和乳化器(25)设有底部阀(37),用以连续将制成并后续乳化的软干酪泵送出去。
CN92100903A 1991-02-15 1992-02-15 制造软干酪的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1031548C (zh)

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