CN102884050A - 2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯的稳定晶体、其制备方法以及包含该晶体的农用化学组合物 - Google Patents
2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯的稳定晶体、其制备方法以及包含该晶体的农用化学组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102884050A CN102884050A CN2011800201113A CN201180020111A CN102884050A CN 102884050 A CN102884050 A CN 102884050A CN 2011800201113 A CN2011800201113 A CN 2011800201113A CN 201180020111 A CN201180020111 A CN 201180020111A CN 102884050 A CN102884050 A CN 102884050A
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
- C07D215/22—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
- C07D215/22—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4
- C07D215/233—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4 only one oxygen atom which is attached in position 4
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
- A01N47/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom containing —O—CO—O— groups; Thio analogues thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了具有稳定物理化学性能的2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯晶体。根据组成,2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯晶体的粉末X射线衍射显示出如图1所示衍射峰。
Description
相关申请交叉引用
本申请基于和要求2010年2月23日提交的现有日本专利申请No.37475/2010的优先权利益;其全部内容引入本文供参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及具有高杀虫活性的2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯的稳定晶体和制备该晶体的方法。本发明还涉及包含稳定晶体的农用化学组合物。
背景技术
当某种化合物具有两种或更多种晶态,则这些不同的晶态为所谓的晶体多态性。一般已知当存在晶体多态性时,可存在晶体形式的转变,且另外,晶体多态性中的晶体多形体(晶体形式)在稳定性和物理性能方面彼此不同。
晶体多态性中晶体形式的转变是在化学工业中在干燥、研磨和储存中常常发现的现象。晶体形式的转变有时导致严重的问题,例如固结、晶体延伸、粉化和热产生。特别是在农用化学领域中,配制以后晶体形式的转变有时对农用化学品的性能和质量,例如农用化学品的效力和配制剂的储存稳定性具有显著影响。已开发了高稳定晶体形式以避免这类问题。
例如,专利文件1描述了除草活性成分吡唑草胺(methazachlor)的晶体多态性。具体而言,包含通过从环己烷或甲苯中结晶而得到的晶体多形体(1A)的含水悬浮液组合物导致聚集,因此组合物变得非均相且不可喷雾。另一方面,包含通过在可与水溶混、极性和惰性的有机溶剂的存在下结晶而得到的晶体多形体(1B)的含水悬浮液组合物不会导致聚集并可保持良好性能。
在专利文件2中,通过得到稳定晶体而避免了通过精喹禾灵(Quizalofop-P-ethyl)的多晶体固相转变而导致的问题如固结和热产生。另外,在专利文件3和4中,杀真菌活性成分溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)的效力通过溴氟唑菌的晶体形式转变通过改善溴氟唑菌在水中的洗提而改善。
2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)-喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯(下文中有时简称为“化合物I”)为具有高杀虫活性的化合物(专利文件5和6)。化合物I发挥特别对鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、半翅目(Hemiptera)、鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、蜱螨目(Acari)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、直翅目(Orthoptera)、双翅目(Diptera)和缨翅目(Thysanoptera)的高杀虫活性且预期用作农业和园艺杀虫剂的活性成分。到目前为止,未报告任何具有高物理化学稳定性的化合物I的晶体。
现有技术文件
专利文件
专利文件1:日本专利申请特开No.66671/1991
专利文件2:日本专利申请特开No.114707/2001
专利文件3:日本专利申请特开No.227538/1997
专利文件4:日本专利申请特开No.1476/1998
专利文件5:WO 2006/013896
专利文件6:WO 2010/007964
发明概述
本发明要解决的问题
当在将具有高杀虫活性的化合物I作为农用化学品的活性成分投入实际使用中制备包含化合物I的农用化学配制剂时,应提供可实现具有高储存稳定性的配制剂制备的化合物I的原始物质。特别是当将化合物I配制成含有农用化学品的活性成分晶体的剂量形式,例如粉剂、颗粒和可湿性粉末时,存在农用化学配制剂的量通过配制剂储存期间晶形的转变而降低的可能性。
因此,本发明的目的是提供在储存期间不经历由于晶形转变而导致的结晶性能变化的化合物I的晶体,稳定的化合物I晶体的制备方法,和具有高储存稳定性的农用化学组合物。
解决问题的方法
本发明的发明者已发现具有稳定物理化学性能的结晶化合物I(下文中有时简称为“B晶形”)通过将化合物I的分离产物溶于溶剂中并使化合物I的晶体在40℃或以上的温度下从溶液中沉淀而得到。本发明人还发现包含B晶形的农用化学配制剂在储存期间可能经受在质量,即在化合物I的晶体固结和延伸方面很少的劣化,和由于晶体固结和延伸而导致的效力降低。本发明基于这类发现做出。
下面综述本发明。
(1)2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯的晶体,其显示出如通过粉末X射线衍射测定在至少如下衍射角(2θ)下的衍射峰:
衍射角(2θ)
5.3±0.2°
6.9±0.2°
8.5±0.2°
10.0±0.2°
10.3±0.2°
11.3±0.2°
20.3±0.2°
21.0±0.2°。
(2)根据(1)的2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)-苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯的晶体,其进一步显示出如通过粉末X射线衍射测定在如下衍射角(2θ)下的衍射峰:
衍射角(2θ)
12.2±0.2°
16.6±0.2°
17.1±0.2°
18.4±0.2°
22.5±0.2°。
(3)一种制备根据(1)或(2)的晶体的方法,所述方法包括在40℃或以上的温度下从2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯的链烷醇溶液中沉淀晶体。
(4)一种制备根据(1)或(2)的晶体的方法,所述方法包括向2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯的链烷醇溶液中加水并在40℃或以上的温度下从中沉淀晶体。
(5)一种包含根据(1)或(2)的晶体作为活性成分的农用化学组合物。
(6)根据(5)的农用化学组合物,其进一步包含表面活性剂和水。
(7)根据(5)的农用化学组合物,其进一步包含表面活性剂和固体载体。
本发明晶体具有高物理化学稳定性并可避免如下现象,例如存储条件下晶态下化合物I的晶体延伸、固结和聚集。因此,本发明可有利地提供化合物I的农用化学配制剂,该配制剂可避免活性成分的晶形转变现象且在储存状态下配制剂性能和杀虫活性方面非常稳定。
附图简述
图1为化合物I的B晶形的粉末X射线衍射图。
图2为化合物I的B晶形的差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析图。
图3为化合物I的A晶形的粉末X射线衍射图。
图4为化合物I的A晶形的差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析图。
图5为在试验实施例1中在储存以前实施例2的晶态(B晶形)的显微镜照片(1500倍)。
图6为在试验实施例1中在储存以前对比例1的晶态(A晶形)的显微镜照片(1500倍)。
图7为在试验实施例1中在储存以后实施例2的晶态(B晶形)的显微镜照片(1500倍)。
图8为在试验实施例1中在储存以后对比例1的晶态(A晶形)的显微镜照片(1500倍)。
发明详述
本发明晶体(化合物I的B晶形)的特征在于显示出如通过粉末X射线衍射测定的衍射峰图。即化合物I的B晶形显示出在2θ=5.3°,6.9°,8.5°,10.0°,10.3°,11.3°,20.3°和21.0°下的峰,其具有如通过假定2θ=21.0°下的峰强度为100所测定不小于15%的相对强度。化合物I的B晶形进一步显示出在2θ=5.3°,6.9°,8.5°,10.0°,10.3°,11.3°,12.2°,16.6°,17.1°,18.4°,20.3°,21.0°和22.5°下的峰,其具有如通过假定2θ=21.0°下的峰强度为100所测定不小于10%的相对强度。通过粉末X射线衍射得到的衍射峰包括±0.2°的误差范围,这归因于测量设备、分析环境和其它因素。
另外,化合物I的B晶形的特征在于显示出如通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定图2所示分析图。即,化合物I的B晶形的特征在于显示出在约117.8℃下的吸热峰且不显示其它吸热峰。
另一方面,WO 2006/013896公开了化合物I,但没有描述分离产物的结晶度,因此迄今没有澄清晶体的性能。分析通过现有技术文件所述方法得到的化合物I的分离产物的结晶度。因此,发现图3所示衍射图通过粉末X射线衍射得到。当通过粉末X射线衍射分析时,根据WO 2006/013896得到的化合物I的分离晶体(下文中简称为“A晶形”)显示出在2θ=6.9°,10.4°,19.1°,23.5°,24.3°,25.0°和25.5°下的峰,其具有如通过假定2θ=19.1°下的峰强度为100所测定不小于15%的相对强度。另外,化合物I的A晶形显示出在2θ=6.9°,10.4°,13.1°,19.1°,20.9°,23.5°,24.3°,25.0°和25.5°下的峰,其具有如通过假定2θ=19.1°下的峰强度为100所测定不小于10%的相对强度。通过粉末X射线衍射得到的衍射峰包括约±0.2°的误差范围,这归因于测量设备、分析环境和其它因素。
化合物I的A晶形的特征在于显示出如通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)所测定图4所示分析图。即,化合物I的A晶形显示出在约108.1℃下和另外在约117.2℃下的吸热峰。
本发明化合物I的B晶形和WO 2006/013896所述A晶形在如通过粉末X射线衍射测定的衍射峰图和如通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定的吸热峰图中彼此不同。
关于化合物I的B晶形和A晶形的粉末X射线衍射测量结果为通过在以下测量条件下分析得到的那些。
关于B晶形的X射线衍射数据通过用图像板型X射线衍射设备(Rigaku Industrial Corporation生产的R-AXIS VII)使用Cu-Kα辐射(50kV,100mA,λ=1.5418埃)测量而得到。具体而言,将试样塞入内径为0.7mm的玻璃毛细管中,并在300mm的相机长度、摆动角30度间距和45分钟曝光时间的条件下取得总计6个衍射像以收集数据。
关于A晶形的X射线衍射数据通过用图像板型X射线衍射设备(Rigaku Industrial Corporation生产的R-AXIS VII)使用Cu-Kα辐射(50kV,100mA,λ=1.5418埃)测量而得到。具体而言,将试样塞入内径为0.7mm的玻璃毛细管中,并在300mm的相机长度、摆动角45度间距和90分钟曝光时间的条件下取得总计6个衍射像以收集数据。
衍射像的周线积分用R-AXIS显示软件(Rigaku)(积分范围:45-135度)进行。累积强度的相对强度通过假定最大累积强度为100而计算并相对于衍射角2θ绘图以制备衍射图。
本发明晶体(化合物I的B晶形)可通过使化合物I从化合物I的溶液中沉淀化合物I的晶体同时保持40℃或以上的温度而制备。具体而言,本发明化合物I的B晶形可通过将作为合适的可溶性溶剂的第一溶剂加入化合物I中,加热混合物以制备化合物I溶液,将第二溶剂加入加热的溶液中并使晶体沉淀,同时保持结晶罐中的温度为40℃或以上。
化合物I的B晶形具体而言可如下制备。即,将化合物I溶于第一溶剂中并加热溶液以制备热化合物I溶液。作为选择,还采用如下方法,其中加入第一溶剂,加热混合物以溶解以制备热化合物I溶液。B晶形可通过将热化合物I溶液任选与第一溶剂混合,加入并混合化合物I在其中的溶解度低于在第一溶剂中的溶解度的第二溶剂并使晶体沉淀而制备。为选择性地沉淀B晶形,优选在加热条件下进行使化合物I的晶体沉淀的方法。加热温度可设置至在室温以上的温度。更优选,结晶方法保持在40℃或以上的温度下。仍更优选,调整结晶方法在45℃或以上的温度下。为密切调整结晶步骤中的温度,优选在将第二溶剂加入化合物I溶液中,预先将结晶系统的内部彻底搅拌。第二溶剂加入化合物I溶液中的速度、溶剂的温度、溶剂的量和搅拌速度等不特别受限,条件是可进行所需的结晶。
关于本文所涉及的加热,温度上限可以为第一溶剂的沸点。在该制备方法中,在热化合物I溶液的制备中,优选化合物I在回流下随着加热而为溶解状态。调整结晶方法中的温度的方法包括如下方法,其中将第二溶剂随着搅拌加入预热至40℃或以上的化合物I溶液中并使用环境温度而不加热地将结晶罐的内部保持在40℃或以上的温度,和如下方法,其中加入第二溶剂,同时连续加热沉淀罐的内部,或如下方法,其中将预热至40℃或以上的第二溶剂加入预热至40℃或以上的化合物I溶液中。在结晶方法中,加热步骤不特别受限,条件是将温度调整至40℃或以上的温度。
可将通过化合物I和第一溶剂制备的化合物I溶液在40℃或以上下预热。优选溶液在用第一溶剂回流下并同时加热而为完全溶解状态。更优选,溶液在回流下同时加热而为高度浓缩的化合物I溶液。特别优选溶液为浓度调整至接近回流下同时加热的饱和溶解度的化合物I溶液。例如,热溶液可通过如下步骤制备:将溶剂以在第一溶剂的沸点下可完全溶解化合物I的最小量的1-5体积倍,优选1-2体积倍的量加入化合物I中并随着加热而搅拌混合物以溶解化合物I的步骤。可将第二溶剂以第一溶剂的量的0.1-10体积倍,优选0.3-3体积倍的量加入热化合物I溶液中以结晶。在这种情况下,在结晶方法中,化合物I的B晶形可通过将结晶罐中的温度调整至40℃或以上的温度而选择性地沉淀。
另外,晶体的生长通过在B晶形沉淀以后连续搅拌,同时加热结晶悬浮液数小时促进而晶形不会由B晶形变化。通过搅拌结晶悬浮液,同时加热而得到的B晶形非常可过滤且具有高堆积密度,因此不是松散的,导致优异可处理性的优点。
本发明化合物I的B晶形可通过过滤因此所得化合物I的B晶形悬浮液以收集湿晶体,并干燥湿晶体而得到。化合物I的B晶形的物理化学稳定性如此高以致晶体收集以后的干燥步骤的条件不特别受限,并可采用任何干燥步骤和干燥条件。具体而言,可应用热干燥方法、真空干燥方法或热真空干燥方法。
本发明中所用第一溶剂不特别受限,条件是该溶剂对化合物I呈惰性并可溶解化合物I。可溶解化合物I的溶剂可以为如下一种或由两种或更多种组成的混合溶剂:醇、酮、醚、缩醛、酯、腈、N-烷基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜、芳族烃和卤化烃。在可溶解化合物I的溶剂中,当考虑化合物I的溶解度、结晶步骤的操作和分离步骤的操作时,作为优选的溶剂,可提到醇作为用于得到本发明化合物I的B晶形的第一溶剂。更优选使用链烷醇,即其上一个或多个羟基被取代的无环饱和烃组。链烷醇包括甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、乙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、甘油、丙二醇、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、乙二醇一甲醚、乙二醇一乙醚、甘油1,3-二甲醚、二甘醇、二甘醇一乙醚、二丙二醇一甲醚和1,5-戊二醇。特别优选的溶剂包括甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇和异丙醇。可使用它们中一种或由两种或更多种组成的混合溶剂。
所用第一溶剂的量可适当地设定。化合物I在第一溶剂中的溶液优选为从晶体沉淀步骤来看非常浓的溶液,更优选为饱和化合物I溶液。另外,第一溶剂的量更优选为可容许在第一溶剂的沸点下制备饱和化合物I溶液的量,仍更优选为可容许化合物I在回流下同时加热而完全溶解的量。具体而言,所用第一溶剂的量为化合物I的量的1-20重量倍。
适合用作在本发明中促进结晶的第二溶剂的溶剂不特别受限,条件是它们对化合物I呈惰性,以低溶解度溶解化合物I且可与第一溶剂以任何比溶混。因此,合适的第二溶剂应基于第一溶剂与第二溶剂之间的相容性关系选择。当应用优选作为第一溶剂的链烷醇时,合适的第二溶剂为水。水为净化水或含有合适无机盐或有机盐的含盐水。盐包括氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、氯化镁、氯化铵、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、硫酸钠、硫酸镁、磷酸钠和磷酸钾。这些盐基于它们对化合物I呈惰性且第一溶剂与第二溶剂的混合不会得到盐的条件使用。
第二溶剂可以以足够大的量加入以使化合物I的晶体从化合物I溶液中沉淀。例如,第二溶剂可以以第一溶剂的量的0.1-10体积倍,优选0.3-3体积倍的量使用。
化合物I的A晶形可根据国际出版物WO2006/013896小册子所述合成喹啉衍生物的方法合成并分离。化合物I的A晶形可通过将已通过用于合成化合物I的反应分离的化合物I的A晶形在室温下溶于二甲基乙酰胺中,将化合物I的溶液倒入保持在等于或低于室温的温度下的水如冰水中以使化合物I的晶体沉淀并过滤溶液以分离晶体而选择性地制备。
本发明中化合物I的B晶形具有高物理化学稳定性且不导致不利的现象,例如在晶态下在储存条件下的晶体延伸、固结和聚集。因此包含化合物I的B晶形作为活性成分的农用化学组合物免于活性成分的晶形转变现象,因此具有作为配制剂的高性能稳定性和在储存状态下的高杀虫活性保持力。包含化合物I的B晶形作为活性成分的农用化学组合物的配制剂形式不特别受限。在其中活性成分的晶体保持于配制剂中的配制剂形式中,配制剂借助化合物I的B晶形的物理化学性能发挥有利的配制剂效果。因此,该形式是优选的。合适的配制剂形式包括粉剂、可湿性粉末、粒状水分散性粉末、细颗粒和含水悬浮液。这些形式可通过相应的一般方法配制。可使用不同于根据本发明加入农用化学组合物中的化合物I的B晶形的任何添加剂而不特别受限,条件是不牺牲化合物I的稳定性,并可取决于配制剂形式使用固体载体、表面活性剂和其它辅助剂。
例如,可通过常规方法将化合物I的B晶形与固体载体和任选其它添加剂混合并配制成粉剂、可湿性粉末、粒状水分散性粉末和细颗粒。另外,可通过常规方法将化合物I的B晶形与表面活性剂和溶剂(例如水)和任选其它添加剂混合并配制成含水悬浮液。
此处可使用的固体载体包括例如滑石、膨润土、粘土、高岭土、硅藻土、蛭石、白炭、碳酸钙、酸性粘土、硅砂、硅石、沸石、绿坡缕石、浮石、硫酸铵、硫酸钠、尿素、氯化钾、氯化钠、结晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和黄原胶。
非离子和/或阴离子表面活性剂适用作表面活性剂。可用于本发明中的非离子表面活性剂包括聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯苯乙烯基苯基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基酯、聚氧乙烯苯基醚聚合物、聚氧乙烯亚烷基芳基苯基醚、聚氧化乙烯聚氧化丙烯嵌段聚合物、聚氧乙烯化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯化氢化蓖麻油、单硬脂酸甘油酯和二硬脂酸甘油酯。阴离子表面活性剂包括聚氧乙烯苯乙烯基苯基醚硫酸盐、木素磺酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、聚羧酸盐、聚氧乙烯聚苯乙烯基苯基醚硫酸盐和磷酸盐。非离子和阴离子表面活性剂不限于这些,条件是不牺牲农业成分的活性成分的稳定性。在本发明中,可使用选自这些非离子和阴离子表面活性剂的一种或两种或更多种表面活性剂的组合。
制剂的其它辅助剂包括防沉降添加剂和防冻剂。防沉降添加剂包括但不限于膨润土、绿石、黄原胶、结晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素。可使用它们中一种或两种或更多种的组合。
防冻剂包括但不限于乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、二甘醇和聚乙二醇。可使用它们中一种或两种或更多种的组合。
本发明农用化学组合物可作为与例如其它杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀螨剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂或肥料的混合物或组合使用。可混合或组合使用的试剂包括例如The Pesticide Manual,第13版,The British CropProtection Council出版,和SHIBUYA INDEX,第14版,2009,SHIBUYAINDEX RESEARCH GROUP出版所述那些。
更具体而言,杀虫剂的实例包括有机磷酸酯化合物,例如高灭磷(acephate)、敌敌畏(diclorvos)、苯硫磷(EPN)、杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)、苯线磷(fenamiphos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)和二嗪农(diazinon);氨基甲酸酯化合物,例如灭多虫(methomyl)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、甲氨叉威(oxamyl)、残杀威(propoxur)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、丁苯威(fenobucarb)、苯虫威(ethiofencarb)、苯硫威(fenothiocarb)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、虫螨威(carbofuran)和丙硫克百威(benfuracarb);沙蚕毒素(nereistoxin)衍生物,例如杀螟丹(cartap)和硫环杀(thiocyclam);有机氯化合物,例如开乐散(dicofol)和三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon);拟除虫菊酯化合物,例如氯菊酯(permethrin)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、杀灭菊酯(fenvalerate)、氟胺氰菊酯(fluvalinate)、醚菊酯(ethofenprox)和灭虫硅醚(silafluofen);苯甲酰脲化合物,例如氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、伏虫隆(teflubenzuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)和定虫隆(chlorfluazuron);和保幼激素类化合物,例如蒙五一五(methoprene)。其它杀虫剂包括化合物,例如噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、杀虫脒(chlordimeform)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、虫螨脒(amitraz)、唑螨酯(fenpyroxymate)、嘧胺苯醚(pyrimidifen)、吡螨胺(Tebufenpyrad)、嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim)、灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、氟虫腈(fipronyl)、乙螨唑(ethoxazole)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、噻虫胺(chlothianidin)、拒嗪酮(pymetrozine)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr)、蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen)、二唑虫(indoxacarb)、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)或艾克敌105(Spinosad)、除虫菌素、米尔贝霉素、有机金属化合物和二硝基化合物。另外,本发明农业和园艺杀虫剂也可作为与微生物农药的混合物或组合使用,例如BT配制剂和昆虫病理病毒剂。
此处可使用的杀真菌剂包括例如嗜球果伞素(strobilrin)化合物,例如腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)和肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin);苯胺基嘧啶化合物,例如嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil)和环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil);唑化合物,例如三唑酮(triadimefon)、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、乙环唑(etaconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)和硅氟唑(simeconazole);喹喔啉化合物,例如灭螨猛(quinomethionate);二硫代氨基甲酸酯化合物,例如代森锰(maneb)、代森锌(zineb)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、福代锌(polycarbamate)和甲基代森锌(propineb);苯基氨基甲酸酯化合物,例如乙霉威(diethofencarb);有机氯化合物,例如百菌清(chlorothalonil)和五氯硝基苯(quintozene);苯并咪唑化合物,例如苯菌灵(benomyl)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)和卡苯达唑(carbendazole);苯基酰胺化合物,例如甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、霜灵(oxadixyl)、呋酰胺(ofurase)、苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、呋霜灵(furalaxyl)和酯菌胺(cyprofuram);次磺酸化合物,例如抑菌灵(dichlofluanid);铜化合物,例如氢氧化铜和氧基喹啉铜;异唑化合物,例如羟基异唑;有机磷化合物,例如乙膦铝(fosetyl-aluminum)和甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl);N-卤硫代烷基化合物,例如克菌丹(captan)、敌菌丹(captafol)和灭菌丹(folpet);二羧酰亚胺化合物,例如杀菌利(procymidone)、异丙定(iprodione)和乙烯菌核利(vinchlozolin);苯酰替苯胺化合物,例如氟酰胺(flutolanil)和丙氧灭绣胺(mepronil);吗啉化合物,例如丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)和烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph);有机化合物,例如毒菌锡(fenthin hydroxide)和薯瘟锡(fenthin acetate);和氰基吡咯化合物,例如氟菌(fludioxonil)和拌种咯(fenpiclonil)。其它杀真菌剂包括、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、嗪氨灵(triforine)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)和苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb-isopropyl)。
包含根据本发明得到的化合物I的B晶形的农用化学组合物与包含A晶形的农用化学组合物相比的优点在于储存稳定性改进,晶体的伸长显著被抑制,且观察不到不利的现象,例如由于晶体伸长和农用化学组合物固结而导致的低效力。
实施例
通过如下参比例、实施例和对比例进一步阐述本发明,并通过试验实施例阐述本发明的效果。然而,应当指出本发明不限于这些实施例。
分析仪器和测量条件
参比例和实施例1的粉末X射线衍射测量的分析仪器和测量条件如下。关于A晶形的X射线衍射数据通过用图像板型X射线衍射设备(RigakuIndustrial Corporation生产的R-AXIS VII)使用Cu-Kα辐射(50kV,100mA,λ=1.5418埃)测量而得到。具体而言,将试样塞入内径为0.7mm的玻璃毛细管中,并在300mm的相机长度、摆动角45度间距和90分钟曝光时间的条件下取得总计6个衍射像以收集数据。
关于B晶形的X射线衍射数据通过用图像板型X射线衍射设备(Rigaku Industrial Corporation生产的R-AXIS VII)使用Cu-Kα辐射(50kV,100mA,λ=1.5418埃)测量而得到。具体而言,将试样塞入内径为0.7mm的玻璃毛细管中,并在300mm的相机长度、摆动角30度间距和45分钟曝光时间的条件下取得总计6个衍射像以收集数据。
衍射像的周线积分用R-AXIS显示软件(Rigaku)(积分范围:45-135度)进行。累积强度的相对强度通过假定最大累积强度为100而计算并相对于衍射角2θ绘图以制备衍射图。
参比例:化合物I的A晶形的制备
将二甲基甲酰胺(980mL)和98g根据WO 2006/013896所述方法合成的2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4(1H)-酮在氮气氛下装入具有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器和氯化钙管的玻璃烧瓶(容积:2000mL)中并将混合物冷却至15℃。将氢化钠(55%,18.2g)逐滴加入其中,并使混合物在室温下反应1小时。将氯甲酸甲酯(32.1g)逐滴加入其中,并使混合物在室温下反应1小时。将反应混合物倒入10L塑料容器中的5L冰水中并在室温下搅拌2小时。通过通过吸滤器过滤而收集沉淀的固体并用正己烷和水洗涤。将固体在降低的压力下干燥以得到103.3g(收率91.4%)化合物I(2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯)(A晶形)。因此所得产物由如下光谱数据确定为化合物I。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)1.38(t,3H),2.31(s,3H),2.41(s,3H),3.01(q,2H),3.88(s,3H),6.97(d,2H),7.14(s,1H),7.20(d,2H),7.94(s,1H)
通过化合物I(A晶形)的粉末X射线衍射得到的衍射图显示于图3中。化合物I(A晶形)显示出在2θ=6.94°,10.41°,19.13°,23.54°,24.32°,24.95°和25.46°下的峰,如通过假定在2θ=19.13°下的峰强度为100而测定其相对强度不小于15%,并显示出在2θ=6.94°,10.41°,13.05°,19.13°,20.90°,23.54°,24.32°,24.95°和25.46°下的峰,其相对强度不小于10%。
通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析化合物I(A晶形),所得结果的图表显示于图4中。化合物I(A晶形)显示出在约108.1℃和117.2℃下的吸热峰。
实施例1:化合物I的B晶形的制备
将参比例中所得化合物I(148.8g)的A晶形和1200mL甲醇加入装配有搅拌器、冷却管、滴液漏斗和温度计的3000mL四颈烧瓶中。将混合溶液在回流下加热以完全溶解晶体。将蒸馏水(520mL)逐滴加入内部温度为40-65℃的溶液中以结晶。将混合溶液的内部温度保持于40-65℃。另外,将悬浮液在回流下加热2小时。将悬浮液冷却并通过过滤收集晶体,用410mL 50%(v/v)甲醇水溶液洗涤并在60℃下在降低的压力下干燥以得到140.6g的化合物I的B晶形。因此所得产物由如下所示光谱数据确定为化合物I。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)1.38(t,3H),2.31(s,3H),2.41(s,3H),3.01(q,2H),3.88(s,3H),6.97(d,2H),7.14(s,1H),7.20(d,2H),7.94(s,1H)
通过化合物I(B晶形)的粉末X射线衍射得到的衍射图显示于图1中。化合物I(B晶形)显示出在2θ=5.30°,6.86°,8.51°,9.98°,10.28°,11.32°,20.25°和20.96°下的峰,如通过假定在2θ=20.96°下的峰强度为100而测定其相对强度不小于15%,并显示出在2θ=5.30°,6.86°,8.51°,9.98°,10.28°,11.32°,12.20°,16.64°,17.10°,18.39°,20.25°,20.96°和22.50°下的峰,其相对强度不小于10%。
通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析化合物I(B晶形),所得结果的图表显示于图2中。化合物I(B晶形)显示出如通过DSC测定在约117.8℃下的吸热峰,且没有观察到除约117.8℃下的峰的清楚峰。
实施例2:含有化合物I的B晶形的配制剂(含水悬浮液配制剂)的制备
将实施例1中所得化合物I的B晶形(10.8重量份)、1.0重量份Newcalgen FS-3PG(商品名,表面活性剂,由Takemoto Oils&Fats Co.,Ltd.生产)、1.0重量份Demol N(商品名,表面活性剂,Kao Corp.生产)、0.1重量份ANTIFOAM E-20(商品名,消泡剂,Kao Corp.生产)和30重量份水混合在一起并将混合物用IMEX Co.,Ltd生产的立式湿磨机研磨(1000rpm,90分钟)。将磨碎的产物加入由0.2重量份黄原胶、0.3重量份Kunipia F(商品名,增稠剂,Kunimine Industries Co.,Ltd.生产)、7.5重量份丙二醇、0.2重量份Proxel GXL(S)(商品名,杀真菌剂,Arch ChemicalsJapan,Inc.生产)和49.1重量份水组成的混合物中以得到含有10.8重量%的化合物I的B晶形的含水悬浮液配制剂(可流动配制剂)。
实施例3:含有化合物I的B晶形的配制剂(可润湿粉末)的制备
将实施例1中所得化合物I的B晶形(10.5重量份)、10.0重量份Carplex#80(商品名,白炭,Degussa Japan生产)、73.5重量份乳糖、3.0重量份Newcalgen BX-C(商品名,表面活性剂,Takemoto Oils&Fats Co.,Ltd.生产)和3.0重量份Newcalgen WG-4(商品名,表面活性剂,Takemoto Oils&Fats Co.,Ltd.生产)混合在一起并将混合物用SampleMill研磨以得到含有10.5重量%的化合物I的B晶形的可润湿粉末。
对比例1:含有化合物I的A晶形的配制剂(含水悬浮液配制剂)的制备
将化合物I的晶形(10.8重量份)、1.0重量份Newcalgen FS-3PG(商品名,表面活性剂,Takemoto Oils&Fats Co.,Ltd.生产)、1.0重量份Demol N(商品名,表面活性剂,Kao Corp.生产)、0.1重量份ANTIFOAM E-20(商品名,消泡剂,Kao Corp.生产)和30重量份水混合在一起并将混合物用IMEXCo.,Ltd生产的立式湿磨机研磨(1000rpm,90分钟)。将磨碎的产物加入由0.2重量份黄原胶、0.3重量份Kunipia F(商品名,增稠剂,KunimineIndustries Co.,Ltd.生产)、7.5重量份丙二醇、0.2重量份Proxel GXL(S)(商品名,杀真菌剂,Arch Chemicals Japan,Inc.生产)和49.1重量份水组成的混合物中以得到含有10.8重量%的化合物I的A晶形的含水悬浮液配制剂(可流动配制剂)。
试验实施例1:储存试验
将实施例2和对比例1的含水悬浮液配制剂在54℃下储存两星期并观察储存以前和以后的质量变化。储存以前和以后的晶体大小用激光衍射粒度分布测量设备和在光学显微镜下测量。
[用激光衍射粒度分布测量设备测量]
所用设备:Shimadzu Corp生产的激光衍射粒度分布测量设备SALD-2200
在储存试验以后用水稀释的可流动配制剂用于借助以上测量设备测量粒度。储存以后的A晶形不能悬浮于水中,因此代替悬浮液,在用于试验中以前暴露于超声波下直至粗粒子核消失。
[在光学显微镜下测量]
所用设备:Keyence Corp.生产的数字显微镜VHX-200
用该设备(放大率:1500倍)取得在储存试验以后水稀释的可流动配制剂的图像。测量图像中晶体的主轴并计算平均值。储存以后的A晶形不能悬浮于水中,因此代替悬浮液,在用于试验中以前暴露于超声波下直至粗粒子核消失。
测量结果显示于表1中。
表1:储存试验结果
X:用激光衍射粒度分布测量设备测量的结果
Y:在光学显微镜下测量的结果
将实施例2(包含B晶形的配制剂)和对比例1(包含A晶形的配制剂)的含水悬浮液配制剂在54℃的恒温室中储存两星期。因此,实施例2的配制剂作为含水悬浮液配制剂具有保持不变且保持流动性的性能。在储存试验以后实施例2的配制剂的粒径与储存试验以前的粒径相比保持基本不变,且颗粒状态的显微图像(参见图5和7)显示出晶体颗粒的生长被抑制。另一方面,储存试验以后对比例1的配制剂为聚集状态,损失了作为含水悬浮液配制剂的流动性,因此遭遇用水稀释时的困难,使得难以施用稀释配制剂作为农业和园艺杀虫剂。颗粒状态的显微图像(参见图6和8)显示出涉及储存期间晶体颗粒生长的晶体延伸,造成作为含水悬浮液配制剂的储存稳定性问题。在储存试验以后对比例1的配制剂的粒径与储存试验以前的粒径相比明显提高。在储存试验以后对比例1的配制剂为聚集状态且不悬浮于水中。因此,在测量以前将配制剂通过超声辐射处理而处理。因此,认为储存以后对比例1的配制剂的实际粒径大于表1所示测量值。
本发明化合物I的B晶形具有高物理化学稳定性并具有高储存稳定性。具有高储存稳定性的农业化学配制剂可通过采用化合物I的B晶形作为活性药物成分的原始物质而提供。
试验实施例2:效力确定试验
将实施例2和对比例1的含水悬浮液配制剂在54℃下储存两星期。将含水悬浮液配制剂用水稀释以制备具有预定浓度的水稀释溶液。将稀释溶液(2mL)施用于黄瓜的叶片上。在风干以后,释放25-40只烟粉虱(Bemisiatabaci)成虫。将脱脂棉盖放在容器上并将容器颠倒地放置。在自处理起2天以后计数死亡的成虫数目以计算LC50(ppm)。粒径用激光扩散粒度分布测量设备和根据试验实施例1所述程序测量。
测量结果显示于表2中。
表2:效力确定试验结果
对实施例2的包含B晶形的配制剂而言,在储存以后配制剂中化合物I的粒径保持基本不变,而对于对比例1的包含A晶形的配制剂而言,观察到通过储存期间化合物I的晶体生长而导致的粒径提高。在两种试样配制剂对烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)的灭虱活性试验中,对于对比例1而言,观察到灭虱活性的降低。认为降低的效力可归因于由于通过储存期间提高A晶形的粒度降低比表面积而导致的降低的接触可能性。因此,证明在含水悬浮液配制剂中,为杀虫活性的活性成分的化合物I的结晶状态的变化对杀虫活性具有显著影响。
从试验实施例1和2的结果获悉,当制备包含化合物I作为农用化学品的活性成分的农用化学配制剂时,在长期储存条件下很少可能经受性能变化、可保持预定杀虫活性且具有高长期储存稳定性的农用化学配制剂可通过本发明化合物I的B晶形作为农用化学品的活性成分的原始物质而提供。
Claims (7)
1.2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯的晶体,其显示出如通过粉末X射线衍射测定在至少如下衍射角(2θ)下的衍射峰:
衍射角(2θ)
5.3±0.2°
6.9±0.2°
8.5±0.2°
10.0±0.2°
10.3±0.2°
11.3±0.2°
20.3±0.2°
21.0±0.2°。
2.根据权利要求1的2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯晶体,其进一步显示出如通过粉末X射线衍射测定在如下衍射角(2θ)下的衍射峰:
衍射角(2θ)
12.2±0.2°
16.6±0.2°
17.1±0.2°
18.4±0.2°
22.5±0.2°。
3.一种制备根据权利要求1或2的晶体的方法,所述方法包括在40℃或以上的温度下从2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯的链烷醇溶液中沉淀晶体。
4.一种制备根据权利要求1或2的晶体的方法,所述方法包括向2-乙基-3,7-二甲基-6-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)喹啉-4-基甲基碳酸酯的链烷醇溶液中加水并在40℃或以上的温度下从中沉淀晶体。
5.一种包含根据权利要求1或2的晶体作为活性成分的农用化学组合物。
6.根据权利要求5的农用化学组合物,其进一步包含表面活性剂和水。
7.根据权利要求5的农用化学组合物,其进一步包含表面活性剂和固体载体。
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