CN102842769A - 带有极化分集的mm波多输入多输出天线系统 - Google Patents

带有极化分集的mm波多输入多输出天线系统 Download PDF

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CN102842769A
CN102842769A CN2012100789390A CN201210078939A CN102842769A CN 102842769 A CN102842769 A CN 102842769A CN 2012100789390 A CN2012100789390 A CN 2012100789390A CN 201210078939 A CN201210078939 A CN 201210078939A CN 102842769 A CN102842769 A CN 102842769A
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antenna element
orientation
antenna
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drive circuit
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H·K·潘
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Intel Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H01Q1/2266—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment disposed inside the computer
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2291—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used in bluetooth or WI-FI devices of Wireless Local Area Networks [WLAN]
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
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    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/067—Two dimensional planar arrays using endfire radiating aerial units transverse to the plane of the array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P11/001—Manufacturing waveguides or transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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    • H01Q1/20—Resilient mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H01Q13/085—Slot-line radiating ends
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49016—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49016—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making
    • Y10T29/49018—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making with other electrical component

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Abstract

本发明名称为“带有极化分集的MM波多输入多输出天线系统”。根据一个实施例的系统包括：配置成传递第一信号的第一天线元件，第一信号在第一定向中被极化；与第一天线元件共处的第二天线元件，第二天线元件配置成传递第二信号，第二信号在第二定向中被极化，第二定向正交于第一定向；以及耦合到第一天线元件和第二天线元件的驱动器电路，驱动器电路配置成处理第一信号和第二信号以实现无线通信链路中的信号分集。

Description

带有极化分集的MM波多输入多输出天线系统
技术领域
本公开涉及多输入多输出(MIMO)天线系统，并且更具体地说，涉及带有极化分集的毫米波(MM-Wave)MIMO天线系统。
背景技术
例如诸如膝上型计算机、笔记本、网本(netbook)、个人数字助理(PDA)及移动电话的电子装置越来越趋向于包括多种无线通信能力。这些装置使用的无线通信系统正延伸到通信谱的更高频率范围中，例如，诸如毫米波区域，并且具体而言，在60GHz的免许可的5-7GHz宽谱带。到更高频率的此延伸部分地是由例如高清晰视频(例如，其要求多吉比特(gigbit)数据率)的应用所使用的增大数据率通信的要求所驱动的。
MIMO天线系统可用于增大无线网络中的数据吞吐量，然而，常规MIMO天线系统一般要求由足够大距离间隔开的分开的天线以实现要求的隔离和天线之间的空间分集。由于传播损耗和衰减倾向于在这些更高MM波频率增大，因此，能够变得难以在装置平台上实现常规MIMO天线系统(由于在这些增大距离上造成的信号损耗)。
发明内容
本发明提供一种系统，包括：第一天线元件，配置成传递第一信号，所述第一信号在第一定向中被极化；第二天线元件，与所述第一天线元件共处，所述第二天线元件配置成传递第二信号，所述第二信号在第二定向中被极化，所述第二定向正交于所述第一定向；以及驱动器电路，耦合到所述第一天线元件和所述第二天线元件，所述驱动器电路配置成处理所述第一信号和所述第二信号以实现无线通信链路中的信号分集。
本发明还提供一种系统，包括：相控阵列天线，包括多个双极化天线元件，其中所述多个双极化天线元件的每个元件包括水平极化元件和垂直极化元件；以及驱动器电路，耦合到所述水平极化元件和所述垂直极化元件的每个，所述驱动器电路配置成在所述水平极化元件的每个之间和在所述垂直极化元件的每个之间提供相位偏移。
本发明还提供一种方法，包括：配置第一天线元件以传递第一信号，所述第一信号在第一定向中被极化；使第二天线元件与所述第一天线元件共处，所述第二天线元件配置成传递第二信号，所述第二信号在第二定向中被极化，所述第二定向正交于所述第一定向；以及将驱动器电路耦合到所述第一天线元件和所述第二天线元件，所述驱动器电路配置成处理所述第一信号和所述第二信号以实现无线通信链路中的信号分集。
本发明还提供一种分集天线，包括：第一天线元件，配置成传递第一信号，所述第一信号在第一定向中被极化；第二天线元件，与所述第一天线元件共处，所述第二天线元件配置成传递第二信号，所述第二信号在第二定向中被极化，所述第二定向正交于与所述第一定向；以及第一天线馈线，耦合到所述第一天线元件；以及第二天线馈线，耦合到所述第二天线元件，其中布线所述第二天线馈线以保持与所述第一天线馈线的超过预定阈值的距离。
附图说明
所要求权利的主题的实施例的特征和优点在以下具体实施方式继续并参照附图时将变得明白，附图中类似的标号示出类似的部分，并且其中：
图1示出与本公开一致的一个示范实施例的系统图；
图2示出与本公开一致的另一示范实施例的系统图；
图3示出与本公开一致的另一示范实施例的系统图；
图4示出与本公开一致的另一示范实施例的系统图；
图5示出与本公开一致的一个示范实施例的系统框图；以及
图6示出与本公开一致的一个示范实施例的操作的流程图。
虽然以下具体实施方式将对说明性实施例进行参考而继续，但其许多备选、修改和变化将为本领域技术人员所明白。
具体实施方式
总的来说，本公开提供用于天线通过使用双极化天线元件而不是多个空间分隔的天线元件而以与MIMO能力相关联的增大性能进行操作的系统和方法，如下面将更详细解释的。双极化天线元件的正交极化的水平和垂直信道可具有充分的隔离以允许带有天线分集的相关联益处的2x2MIMO操作。系统可配置成在RF谱的MM波区域中操作，并且具体而言，在与无线个人区域网络(WPAN)和无线局域网(WLAN)通信系统的使用相关联的60GHz区域中。通过消除对空间分隔的天线元件的需要，从驱动器电路到天线元件的传送路径长度能够被降低，这又降低了在MM波频率能够相当大的信号传送损耗。
在一些实施例中，多个双极化天线元件可配置到能够在每个MIMO信道中进行同时波束(beam)扫描的相控阵列2x2MIMO天线中。
术语个人基本服务集合控制点(PCP)在本文中使用时定义为作为MM波网络的控制点来操作的站(STA)。
术语接入点(AP)在本文中使用时定义为具有STA功能性并经用于相关联STA的无线媒体(WM)提供到分发服务的接入的任何实体。
术语无线网络控制器在本文中使用时定义为作为PCP和/或作为无线网络的AP来操作的站。
术语定向带(DBand)在本文中使用时定义为任何频带，其中信道开始频率高于45GHz。
术语DBand STA在本文中使用时定义为其无线电传送器正在DBand内的信道上操作的STA。
术语个人基本服务集合(PBSS)在本文中使用时定义为某个基本服务集合(BSS)，该基本服务集合形成自组织自包含的网络，在DBand中操作，包括一个PBSS控制点(PCP)，并且其中到分发系统(DS)的接入不存在，但可选存在PBSS内转发服务。
术语调度的服务时期(SP)在本文中使用时由服务质量(QoS)AP或PCP来调度。如果期望，则调度的SP可在固定的时间间隔开始。
术语“业务”和/或“业务流”在本文中使用时定义为例如STA的无线装置之间的数据流量(flow)和/或流(stream)。术语“会话”在本文中使用时定义为具有建立的直接物理链路(例如，不包括转发)的站的对中保持或存储的状态信息；状态信息可描述或定义会话。
术语“无线装置”在本文中使用时包括例如能够无线通信的装置、能够无线通信的通信装置、能够无线通信的通信站、能够无线通信的便携式或非便携式装置或诸如此类。在一些实施例中，无线装置可以是或可以包括与计算机集成的外围装置或附连到计算机的外围装置。在一些实施例中，术语“无线装置”可以可选地包括无线服务。
应理解，本发明可在多种应用中被使用。虽然本发明在此方面中不受限制，但本文公开的电路和技术可在例如无线电系统的站的许多设备中使用。仅作为示例，旨在包括在本发明的范畴内的站包括WLAN站、无线个人网络(WPAN)及诸如此类。
旨在处于本发明的范畴内的WPAN站的类型包括但不限于能够作为多带站来操作的站、能够作为PCP来操作的站、能够作为AP来操作的站、能够作为DBand站来操作的站、移动台、接入点、用于接收和传送扩展谱(spread spectrum)信号的站，例如，诸如跳频扩展谱(FHSS)、直接序列扩展谱(DSSS)、补码键控(CCK)、正交频分复用(OFDM)及诸如此类。
一些实施例可连同各种装置和系统来使用，例如，视频装置、音频装置、音频-视频(A/V)装置、机顶盒(STB)、蓝光盘(BD)播放器、BD记录器、数字视频盘(DVD)播放器、高清晰(HD)DVD播放器、DVD记录器、HD DVD记录器、个人录像机(PVR)、广播HD接收器、视频源、音频源、视频宿(sink)、音频宿、立体声调谐器、广播无线电接收器、显示器、平板显示器、个人媒体播放器(PMP)、数字摄影机(DVC)、数字音频播放器、扬声器、音频接收器、音频放大器、数据源、数据宿、数字静态摄像机(DSC)、个人计算机(PC)、台式计算机、移动计算机、膝上型计算机、笔记本计算机、平板计算机、服务器计算机、手持式计算机、手持式装置、个人数字助理(PDA)装置、手持式PDA装置、板载装置、板外装置、混合装置、车辆装置、非车辆装置、移动或便携式装置、消费者装置、非移动或非便携式装置、无线通信站、无线通信装置、无线AP、有线或无线路由器、有线或无线调制解调器、有线或无线网络、无线区域网络、无线视频区域网络(WVAN)、局域网(LAN)、WLAN、PAN、WPAN、根据现有WirelessHDTM和/或无线吉比特联盟(WGA)规范和/或其将来版本和/或衍生来操作的装置和/或网络、根据现有IEEE 802.11(IEEE 802.11-2007：无线LAN媒体接入控制(MAC)和物理层(PHY)规格)标准和修正(“IEEE802.11标准”)、用于全球微波接入互操作性(WiMAX)的IEEE 802.16标准、包括长期演进(LTE)和长期演进高级(LTE-A)的第三代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)和/或其将来版本和/或衍生来操作的装置和/或网络、作为上述网络的一部分的单元和/或装置、单向和/或双向无线电通信系统、蜂窝无线电电话通信系统、无线显示(WiDi)装置、蜂窝电话、无线电话、个人通信系统(PCS)装置、结合无线通信装置的PDA装置、移动或便携式全球定位系统(GPS)装置、结合GPS接收器或收发器或芯片的装置、结合RFID元件或芯片的装置、多输入多输出(MIMO)收发器或装置、单输入多输出(SIMO)收发器或装置、多输入单输出(MISO)收发器或装置、具有一个或多个内置天线和/或外置天线的装置、数字视频广播(DVB)装置或系统、多标准无线电装置或系统、有线或无线手持式装置(例如，BlackBerry、Palm Treo)、无线应用协议(WAP)装置或诸如此类。
一些实施例可连同一种或多种类型的无线通信信号和/或系统来使用，例如，射频(RF)、红外(IR)、频分复用(FDM)、正交FDM(OFDM)、时分复用(TDM)、时分多址(TDMA)、扩充的TDMA(E-TDMA)、通用分组无线电服务(GPRS)、扩充的GPRS、码分多址(CDMA)、宽带CDMA(WCDMA)、CDMA 2000、单载波CDMA、多载波CDMA、多载波调制(MDM)、离散多音(DMT)、全球定位系统(GPS)、Wi-Fi、Wi-Max、无线城域网(WMAN)、无线广域网(WWAN)、ZigBeeTM、超宽带(UWB)、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、2G、2.5G、3G、3.5G、GSM演进的增强数据率(EDGE)或诸如此类。其它实施例可在各种其它装置、系统和/或网络中被使用。
一些实施例可连同适合的有限范围或近范围无线通信网络来使用，例如，“微微网”，例如无线区域网络、WVAN、WPAN及诸如此类。
图1示出与本公开一致的一个示范实施例的系统图100。双极化天线元件102传送和接收正交极化信号110和112。信号110和112可有时称为是水平和垂直极化的，然而，这些术语不暗示信号110和112相对于任何特定参考坐标系统是水平或垂直的，而是它们相互正交。在一些实施例中，正交极化信号110和112可分别是右旋圆极化的和左旋圆极化的。双极化天线元件102耦合到驱动器电路104，驱动器电路104配置成通过传送路径106和108提供信号110和112。天线系统100由此为水平和垂直极化信号提供分开的信道，在信道之间有充分的电磁隔离，允许天线系统作为2x2MIMO天线来操作，即，到RF无线电信道114有两个输入和从RF无线电信道114有两个输出。
通过提供经过RF无线电信道114的第二相异路径，而该路径经历独立于第一路径的衰落特性，MIMO天线提供改进的通信性能，具有增大的数据率和增大的范围。在常规MIMO天线系统中，此分集通过两个天线的空间分隔来实现(对于2x2MIMO的情况)。然而，在与本公开一致的一实施例中，此分集可通过使用双极化来实现。此方案提供的优点在于水平和垂直极化信道共处(co-locate)在单个天线元件102。在本文中使用时，术语“共处”指正在描述的两个实体大致位于空间中的相同点，但不一定精确地在空间中的相同点。通过消除对空间分隔天线元件的需要，从驱动器电路104到天线元件102的传送路径长度可得以降低，这又降低了在MM波频率能够相当大的信号传送损耗。
在一些实施例中，驱动器电路104可以是射频集成电路(RFIC)。驱动器电路104和天线元件102可配置成在RF谱的MM波区域中操作，并且具体而言，在与无线个人区域网络(WPAN)和无线局域网(WLAN)通信系统的使用相关联的60GHz区域中。水平与垂直信道之间的电磁隔离可等于或超过15分贝(dB)。此级别的隔离可通过增大用于水平和垂直信道的天线元件馈线(feed line)之间的距离来实现。
图2示出与本公开一致的另一示范实施例的系统图200。多个双极化天线元件102a、102b等可配置到能够在每个MIMO信道中进行同时波束扫描的相控阵列2x2MIMO天线202中。双极化天线元件102a、102b等耦合到驱动器电路104，驱动器电路104配置成为通过天线元件102a的传送路径106a和108a和天线元件102b的传送路径106b和108b的信号提供分开的信道。天线系统200因此提供分开的水平和垂直信道到天线元件102a、102b等的每个，并且水平信道上的信号可独立于垂直信道上的信号。系统可配置成在信道之间提供充分的电磁隔离以允许天线作为2x2MIMO相控天线阵列来操作。2x2MIMO相控阵列天线系统200能够为传送和接收两者生成两个独立扫描的波束。如下面将更详细解释的，通过控制与天线元件102a、102b等的每个元件的每个极化相关联的相位延迟，实现了波束扫描。
在一些实施例中，相控阵列天线系统200可包括相控阵列的一些或所有边缘处的虚拟(dummy)天线元件204。虚拟天线元件204可以是终端负载电阻器，其通过提供与传送线路的特性阻抗相匹配的终端阻抗，在传送路径的末端降低RF信号的反射。在它通过不同角度扫描波束时，这可增大相控阵列的频率和带宽属性的稳定性。
图3示出与本公开一致的另一示范实施例的系统图300。相控阵列天线系统200示为带有由相控阵列天线202的天线元件102的水平和垂直极化信道所生成的独立扫描的波束302和304。波束302和304示为在任意方向中被定向，并且实际上可扫描到任何方向。在一些情况下，波束302和304可被指向于相同方向中。在通信链路被定向到在已知位置的特定实体的视线条件下操作时，这可以是有用的。在相控阵列天线202中可采用任何适合数量的天线元件。通常，天线202的增益随着天线元件102的数量的增大而增大。
图4示出与本公开一致的另一示范实施例的系统图400。天线系统202示为部署在平台上。平台402在此图示中示为膝上型计算机，但它可以是任何装置，包括笔记本、平板、网本、个人数字助理(PDA)、移动电话、智能电话、网络集线器或对于其可期望无线通信能力的任何装置。天线系统202位于平台402的盖404上，但可位于平台402上的任何适合位置。在一些实施例中，天线系统202可布置在平台402的内表面或内部上。天线系统202示为通过电连接或传送路径406耦合到RFIC 104。还示出了扫描的波束302和304。
在一些实施例中，可存在配置成通过WWAN或WMAN进行通信的多个平台402。每个平台可作为无线电来操作，由此提供网络分集。
图5示出与本公开一致的一个示范实施例的系统框图500。示出有可配置为相控阵列天线元件的天线元件102a、102b等。基带集成电路(BBIC)模块502可以是配置成传送和接收的双向电路。在传送方向中，IF信号504可从BBIC 502来提供。RF载波由RF载波生成器508生成，并且由混频器506与IF信号504混合以将IF信号504上变频到RF信号。混频器506可以是无源双向混频器。RF信号可以由双向放大器510来放大，然后耦合到相控阵列天线系统。相控阵列天线系统以扫描的波束方向图(beam pattern)来传送RF信号，该波束方向图的方向是可调整的。为了实现此，RF信号由分割器/加法器514来分割并被馈送到多个收发器516。每个收发器516配置有能够独立调整正在馈送到该收发器516的分割RF信号的相位的移相器518。移相的RF信号由功率放大器(PA)520进一步放大并馈送到与特定收发器516相关联的天线元件102a、102b等。
移相器518可以在相控阵列控制器524的控制之下，该控制器控制用于每个收发器516的移相调整的量和时序。通过独立调整通过每个天线元件102a、102b传送的每个分割RF信号的相位，可在天线元件102a、102b之间生成相长和相消干扰的方向图，这导致能够转向到特定方向的期望形状的波束方向图。通过实时改变相位调整，能够通过方向的期望范围来扫描结果的传送波束方向图。在一些实施例中，相控阵列控制器524可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、可编程逻辑或固件。
类似的过程可在接收方向中操作。每个天线元件102a、102b接收由相关联收发器516处理的RF信号，其中，在相控阵列控制器524的控制之下，该信号由低噪声放大器(LNA)520来放大，并且由移相器518进行移相。每个收发器516的输出由分割器/加法器514来相加。从不同方向到达的接收RF信号通常在不同时间到达天线元件102a、102b的每个。相当于移时的移相可用于将从特定方向到达的接收RF信号进行时间对齐，同时保持从其它方向到达的接收RF信号未对齐。分割器/加法器514对这些RF信号的相加导致了与从该特定方向到达的信号相关联的时间对齐分量的增益。这导致了该方向中的波束方向图增益。通过实时改变相位调整，能够通过方向的期望范围来扫描结果的接收波束方向图。
来自相控阵列天线系统的接收的RF信号可由双向放大器510进一步放大，并随后由混频器506与RF载波生成器508生成的RF载波来混频，以将RF信号下变频到输出IF信号504，输出IF信号504被发送到BBIC 502以用于基带处理。
上述过程例如可处置通过传送路径106a、106b等的水平极化信号。相同或类似的过程也可独立且几乎同时被执行以处置通过传送路径108a、108b等的垂直极化信号。因此，可为每个天线元件102a、102b等提供用于水平和垂直信道的独立相位延迟，以便为水平和垂直极化信号提供分别的波束扫描。
在一些实施例中，系统配置成在57-60GHz频率范围中的RF信号和从11.4-13.2GHz频率范围中的IF信号上操作。基带信号可以在2GHz的大约范围中。
图6示出与本公开一致的一个示范实施例的操作的流程图600。在操作610，第一天线元件配置成传递第一定向(orientation)中极化的第一信号。在操作620，第二天线元件与第一天线元件共处。第二天线元件配置成传递与第一定向正交的第二定向中极化的第二信号。在操作630，将驱动器电路耦合到第一和第二天线元件。驱动器电路配置成处理第一和第二信号以实现无线通信链路中的信号分集。
本文中所述方法的实施例可在包括一个或多个存储媒体的系统中实现，所述存储媒体上单独或组合存储有在由一个或多个处理器运行时执行所述方法的指令。此处，处理器可例如包括系统CPU(例如，核处理器)和/或可编程电路。因此，预期根据本文中所述方法的操作可跨例如在几个不同物理位置的处理结构的多个物理装置来分布。此外，如本领域技术人员将理解的，预期方法操作可单独或以子组合(subcombination)来执行。因此，并非每个流程图的所有操作需要被执行，并且本公开明确预期此类操作的所有子组合是使能的(enabled)，如本领域技术人员将理解的。
存储媒体可包括任何类型的有形媒体，例如任何类型的盘，包括软盘、光盘、紧致盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、可重写紧致盘(CD-RW)、数字多功能盘(DVD)及磁光盘、半导体装置(例如只读存储器(ROM)、例如动态和静态RAM的随机存取存储器(RAM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEEPROM)、闪速存储器)、磁卡或光卡或适用于存储电子指令的任何类型的媒体。
“电路”在本文的任何实施例中使用时可例如单个或以任何组合包括硬连线电路、可编程电路、状态机电路和/或存储可编程电路运行的指令的固件。
本文中已采用的术语和表述用作描述的而不是限制的术语，并且在此类术语和表述的使用中，无意排除所示和所述的特征(或其部分)的任何等同，以及认识到各种修改在权利要求的范畴内是可能的。相应地，权利要求旨在覆盖所有此类等同。各种特征、方面和实施例已在本文中描述。如本领域技术人员将理解的，这些特征、方面和实施例易于相互组合以及易于变化和修改。因此，本公开应视为涵盖此类组合、变化和修改。

Claims (34)

1.一种系统，包括：
第一天线元件，配置成传递第一信号，所述第一信号在第一定向中被极化；
第二天线元件，与所述第一天线元件共处，所述第二天线元件配置成传递第二信号，所述第二信号在第二定向中被极化，所述第二定向正交于所述第一定向；以及
驱动器电路，耦合到所述第一天线元件和所述第二天线元件，所述驱动器电路配置成处理所述第一信号和所述第二信号以实现无线通信链路中的信号分集。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述第一定向是水平的，并且所述第二定向是垂直的。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述第一定向是右旋圆极化，并且所述第二定向是左旋圆极化。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述系统配置成在毫米波频率范围中操作。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述系统配置成在所述第一信号与所述第二信号之间提供至少15dB隔离。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述驱动器电路是射频集成电路(RFIC)。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，还包括平台，所述平台包括耦合到所述驱动器电路的处理器、耦合到所述处理器的存储器及耦合到所述处理器的用户接口。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述平台是智能电话、平板或膝上型计算装置之一。
9.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述用户接口是触摸屏。
10.一种系统，包括：
相控阵列天线，包括多个双极化天线元件，其中所述多个双极化天线元件的每个元件包括水平极化元件和垂直极化元件；以及
驱动器电路，耦合到所述水平极化元件和所述垂直极化元件的每个，所述驱动器电路配置成在所述水平极化元件的每个之间和在所述垂直极化元件的每个之间提供相位偏移。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述驱动器电路还包括多个收发器，所述多个收发器配置成提供可独立调整的相位延迟到所述水平极化元件的每个和所述垂直极化元件的每个。
12.如权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述多个收发器通过控制到所述水平极化元件的每个元件的所述可调整相位延迟，实现第一相控阵列波束扫描，并且所述多个收发器通过控制到所述垂直极化元件的每个元件的所述可调整相位延迟，实现第二相控阵列波束扫描。
13.如权利要求12所述的系统，其中所述第一相控阵列波束扫描和所述第二相控阵列波束扫描提供无线通信链路中的信号分集。
14.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述系统配置成在毫米波频率范围中操作。
15.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述系统配置成在所述水平极化元件与所述垂直极化元件之间提供至少15dB隔离。
16.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述驱动器电路是RFIC。
17.如权利要求10所述的系统，还包括平台，所述平台包括耦合到所述驱动器电路的处理器、耦合到所述处理器的存储器及耦合到所述处理器的用户接口。
18.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述平台是智能电话、平板或膝上型计算装置之一。
19.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述用户接口是触摸屏。
20.如权利要求17所述的系统，还包括多个所述平台，每个平台配置成通过无线广域网(WWAN)进行通信。
21.如权利要求17所述的系统，还包括多个所述平台，每个平台配置成通过无线城域网(WMAN)进行通信。
22.一种方法，包括：
配置第一天线元件以传递第一信号，所述第一信号在第一定向中被极化；
使第二天线元件与所述第一天线元件共处，所述第二天线元件配置成传递第二信号，所述第二信号在第二定向中被极化，所述第二定向正交于所述第一定向；以及
将驱动器电路耦合到所述第一天线元件和所述第二天线元件，所述驱动器电路配置成处理所述第一信号和所述第二信号以实现无线通信链路中的信号分集。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中所述第一定向是水平的，并且所述第二定向是垂直的。
24.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中所述第一定向是右旋圆极化，并且所述第二定向是左旋圆极化。
25.如权利要求22所述的方法，还包括配置所述第一天线元件、所述第二天线元件和所述驱动器电路在毫米波频率范围中操作。
26.如权利要求22所述的方法，还包括配置所述第一天线元件和所述第二天线元件以在所述第一信号与所述第二信号之间提供至少15dB隔离。
27.如权利要求22所述的方法，还包括：
配置相控阵列天线中的多个所述第一天线元件和多个所述第二天线元件；以及
配置所述驱动器电路以在所述多个第一天线元件的每个之间和在所述多个第二天线元件的每个之间提供相位偏移。
28.如权利要求27所述的方法，还包括配置与所述驱动器电路相关联的多个收发器以提供可独立调整的相位延迟到所述多个第一天线元件的每个和所述多个第二天线元件的每个。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法，还包括通过控制到所述多个第一天线元件的每个元件的所述可调整相位延迟，实现第一相控阵列波束扫描，并且通过控制到所述多个第二天线元件的每个元件的所述可调整相位延迟，实现第二相控阵列波束扫描。
30.一种分集天线，包括：
第一天线元件，配置成传递第一信号，所述第一信号在第一定向中被极化；
第二天线元件，与所述第一天线元件共处，所述第二天线元件配置成传递第二信号，所述第二信号在第二定向中被极化，所述第二定向正交于与所述第一定向；以及
第一天线馈线，耦合到所述第一天线元件；以及
第二天线馈线，耦合到所述第二天线元件，其中布线所述第二天线馈线以保持与所述第一天线馈线的超过预定阈值的距离。
31.如权利要求30所述的分集天线，其中所述预定阈值对应于在所述第一天线元件与所述第二天线元件之间实现至少15dB隔离。
32.如权利要求30所述的分集天线，其中所述第一定向是水平的，并且所述第二定向是垂直的。
33.如权利要求30所述的分集天线，其中所述第一定向是右旋圆极化，并且所述第二定向是左旋圆极化。
34.如权利要求30所述的分集天线，其中所述分集天线配置成在毫米波频率范围中操作。
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Application publication date: 20121226