CN102791204A - 用于内窥镜式外科缝合器的阻尼装置 - Google Patents

用于内窥镜式外科缝合器的阻尼装置 Download PDF

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CN102791204A
CN102791204A CN2010800643773A CN201080064377A CN102791204A CN 102791204 A CN102791204 A CN 102791204A CN 2010800643773 A CN2010800643773 A CN 2010800643773A CN 201080064377 A CN201080064377 A CN 201080064377A CN 102791204 A CN102791204 A CN 102791204A
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C·P·鲍德劳克斯
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种外科器械,所述外科器械包括轴和端部执行器。所述端部执行器可以包括第一钳口和第二钳口。所述第一钳口能够相对于所述第二钳口在打开构型和闭合构型之间运动。所述外科器械可以包括闭合组件,所述闭合组件可以与所述第一钳口可操作地接合。所述闭合组件可以包括闭合触发器和阻尼系统。所述闭合触发器可以被构造为从第一位置致动到第二位置,以闭合所述第一钳口。所述阻尼系统可以被构造为延迟所述闭合触发器的打开。所述阻尼系统可以包括小孔和密封件,所述小孔能够在所述小孔的第一末端处接纳所述凸起,所述密封件能够在所述凸起和所述小孔侧壁之间形成流体密封。

Description

用于内窥镜式外科缝合器的阻尼装置
背景技术
本专利申请涉及以下共同拥有的与本专利申请同时提交的美国专利申请,并且这些专利申请全文以引用方式并入本文中:
(1)系列号为11/821,425、名称为END EFFECTOR CLOSURESYSTEM FOR A SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT(用于外科缝合器械的端部执行器闭合系统)、代理人案卷号为END6085USNP/070054的美国专利申请;
(2)系列号为11/821,426、名称为SURGICAL STAPLINGINSTRUMENT WITH AN ANTI-BACK UP MECHANISM(具有防倒退机构的外科缝合器械)、代理人案卷号为END6100USNP/070053的美国专利申请;
(3)系列号为11/821,347、名称为SURGICAL STAPLINGINSTRUMENT WITH A RETURN MECHANISM(具有返回机构的外科缝合器械)、代理人案卷号为END6091USNP/070061的美国专利申请;
(4)系列号为11/821,455、名称为SURGICAL STAPLINGINSTRUMENT WITH AN ARTCULATING END EFFECTOR(具有铰接端部执行器的外科缝合器械)、代理人案卷号为END6092USNP/070062的美国专利申请;以及
(5)系列号为11/821,277、名称为SURGICAL STAPLINGINSTRUMENTS(外科缝合器械)、代理人案卷号为END6099USNP/070057的美国专利申请。
1.技术领域
本发明整体涉及外科缝合器械,更具体地讲,本发明涉及具有闭合系统的外科缝合器,该闭合系统允许闭合端部执行器并且允许自动控制打开该端部执行器。
2.相关领域的说明
如本领域所知,外科缝合器经常用来将缝钉调配到软组织中,以便减少或消除软组织出血,尤其是在例如组织被横切的情况下。诸如内切割器的外科缝合器可以包括端部执行器,该端部执行器能够相对于细长轴组件运动或铰接。端部执行器经常能够将软组织固定在第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件之间,其中第一钳口构件经常包括能够在其中可移除地储存缝钉的钉仓,第二钳口构件经常包括砧座。这类外科缝合器可以包括用于使砧座相对于钉仓枢转的闭合系统。
缝钉通常由驱动器从钉仓调配,该驱动器横越钉仓中的通道,使得缝钉靠着砧座变形,并且将软组织层固定在一起。如本领域所知,缝钉经常以若干缝钉行或排被调配,以将组织层更可靠地固定在一起。端部执行器还可以包括诸如刀具的切割构件,在软组织层已经被缝合在一起之后,该切割构件在两排缝钉之间前进以切割软组织。
在驱动器和切割构件已经在端部执行器内前进之后,经常需要将驱动器和/或切割构件缩回到它们的开始位置,并且释放端部执行器的第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件。通常,外科缝合器已经包括打开弹簧,在例如外科医生已经致动了外科缝合器上的释放按钮或拨动开关之后,该打开弹簧使闭合触发器返回到该闭合触发器的打开位置,因而使第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件返回到它们的起始位置。然而,这类缝合器经常难以使用,因为这类打开弹簧经常向闭合触发器施加偏置力,在多种情况下,该偏置力能够使得闭合触发器打开,因而在力过量时,使得端部执行器的第一钳口和第二钳口自动弹开,这可能破坏围绕端部执行器的组织。需要对上述情况加以改善。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,外科器械可以包括细长轴和端部执行器。端部执行器可以包括第一钳口和第二钳口。第一钳口能够相对于第二钳口在打开构型和闭合构型之间运动。外科器械还可以包括闭合组件。闭合组件可以与第一钳口可操作地接合。闭合组件可以包括闭合触发器和阻尼系统。闭合触发器可以被构造为从第一位置致动到第二位置以闭合第一钳口。闭合触发器还可以包括凸起。阻尼系统可以被构造为延迟闭合触发器的打开。阻尼系统可以包括小孔和密封件。小孔可以被构造为在小孔的第一末端处接纳凸起。小孔可以包括第二末端,其中第二末端小于第一末端。小孔可以由小孔侧壁限定。密封件可以被构造为在所述凸起和所述小孔侧壁之间形成流体密封。
在一个实施例中,外科器械可以包括细长轴和端部执行器。端部执行器可以包括第一钳口和第二钳口。第一钳口能够相对于第二钳口在打开构型和闭合构型之间运动。外科器械还可以包括闭合组件,该闭合组件与第一钳口可操作地接合。闭合组件可以包括闭合触发器,该闭合触发器能够从第一位置致动到第二位置以闭合第一钳口。闭合触发器可以包括活塞。闭合组件还可以包括气缸,该气缸能够在气缸的第一末端处接纳活塞。活塞可以被构造为在气缸内运动。闭合组件还可以包括阻尼装置,该阻尼装置能够通过减缓活塞在气缸中的运动而减缓闭合触发器从第二位置返回到第一位置。
附图说明
通过结合附图参考本发明实施例的以下说明,本发明的上述和其他特征及优点及其获取方法将会变得更加明显,并可更好地理解发明本身,其中:
图1为根据本发明实施例的外科器械的正视图;
图2为图1的外科器械的柄部的正视图;
图3为图1的外科器械的端部执行器的正视图;
图4为图3的端部执行器的顶视图;
图5为图1的外科器械的铰接接头的透视图,其中移除了该外科器械的一些部件;
图6为图1的外科器械的细长轴组件和铰接接头的透视图,其中移除了该外科器械的一些部件;
图7为图1的外科器械的柄部和细长轴组件的局部透视图,其中移除了该外科器械的一些部件;
图8为图2的柄部的正视图,其中移除了该外科器械的一些部件;
图9为图2的柄部的正视图,其中移除了该外科器械的附加部件;
图10为根据本发明可供选择的实施例的外科器械的铰接锁定机构的致动器和端部执行器闭合系统的正视图,其中移除了该外科器械的一些部件;
图11为图10的外科器械的正视图,示出了处于解锁位置的铰接锁定机构致动器和处于打开构型的端部执行器闭合系统;
图12为图10的外科器械的正视图,示出了处于解锁位置的铰接锁定机构致动器和处于部分闭合构型的端部执行器闭合系统;
图13为图10的外科器械的正视图,示出了处于锁定位置的铰接锁定机构致动器和处于闭合构型的端部执行器闭合系统;
图14为图1的外科器械的端部执行器闭合系统的闭合触发器的正视图;
图15为图15的闭合触发器的局部透视图;
图16为图15的闭合触发器的局部正视图;
图17为图1的外科器械的触发器锁的透视图;
图18为图17的触发器锁的正视图;
图19为图1的外科器械的击发驱动装置的详细视图,其中移除了该外科器械的一些部件;
图20为图19的击发驱动装置的透视图;
图21为图19的击发驱动装置的击发触发器、棘爪和倾斜体机构的局部详细视图;
图22为图19的击发驱动装置的棘爪、翻转机构和棘爪复位弹簧的正视图;
图23为图22的棘爪的正视图;
图24为图19的击发驱动装置的详细视图,示出了枢转到接合该击发驱动装置的击发联接件的位置中的棘爪;
图25为图22的翻转机构的透视图;
图26为图1的外科器械的框架的透视图;
图27为根据本发明可供选择的实施例的外科器械的击发驱动装置的详细视图,其中移除了该外科器械的一些部件;
图28为图27的击发驱动装置的详细视图,示出了与击发联接件脱开的击发驱动装置的棘爪;
图29为根据权利要求1的外科器械的返回机构的透视图,示出了处于非致动位置的击发触发器,其中移除了该外科器械的一些部件;
图30为图29的返回机构的局部透视图,示出了处于致动位置的击发触发器,其中移除了该返回机构的一些部件;
图31为图29的返回机构的正视图,该返回机构布置在图30所示的构造中;
图32为图29的返回机构的正视图,示出了处于致动位置的返回机构的返回滑架;
图33为图29的返回机构的局部透视图,其中移除了该返回机构的一些部件;
图34为图19的击发驱动装置的棘爪和击发销的透视图;
图35为图29的返回机构的透视图,示出了处于致动位置的返回滑架和返回到其非致动位置的击发触发器;
图36为图29的返回机构的局部透视图,该返回机构布置在图35所示的构造中,该局部透视图示出了与击发触发器可操作地接合的该返回机构的返回销;
图37为图29的返回机构的局部透视图,示出了在使返回销旋转之后处于致动位置的击发触发器;
图38为图29的返回机构的另外的透视图,该返回机构布置在图37所示的构造中;
图39为图29的返回机构的局部透视图,示出了返回到其非致动位置的击发触发器;
图40为图29的返回机构的透视图,示出了返回到其非致动位置的返回滑架;
图41为图29的返回机构的透视图,该返回机构布置在图40所示的构造中,该透视图示出了偏置弹簧和返回机构的返回销之间的相对关系,其中移除了该返回机构的一些部件;
图42为图29的返回机构的透视图,该返回机构布置在图40所示的构造中,该透视图示出了这样的返回滑架:该返回滑架与击发驱动装置的击发销和返回机构的返回销可操作地接合,以便将击发驱动装置和返回机构复位到它们的初始构造;
图43为图29的返回机构的卷轴的详细视图,示出了返回机构的返回带和图26的缝合器框架之间的相对关系;
图44为图43的卷轴的详细视图,示出了返回带和图26的缝合器框架的可供选择的实施例之间的相对关系;
图45为根据本发明可供选择的实施例的外科器械的返回机构的透视图,该外科器械具有防倒退棘轮机构;
图46为图45的返回机构的正视图,该返回机构具有处于非致动位置的返回滑架;
图47为图45的返回机构的透视图,其中移除了外科器械的一些部件;
图48为图45的棘轮机构的返回齿轮、返回销和防倒退棘爪的透视图;
图49为图45的返回机构的另一个正视图;
图50为图5的铰接接头的透视图;
图51为图5的铰接接头的透视图,其中移除了外科器械的一些部件;
图52为图5的铰接接头的透视图,其中移除了外科器械的另外的部件;
图53为图3的端部执行器的锁定构件的透视图;
图54为图53的端部执行器锁定构件的另一个透视图;
图55为图53的端部执行器锁定构件的底视图;
图56为图53的端部执行器锁定构件的正视图;
图57为之前的外科器械的铰接接头的局部透视图;
图58为图5的铰接接头的透视图,其中移除了端部执行器和细长轴组件的一些部件;
图59为图5的铰接接头的另一个透视图,其中移除了端部执行器和细长轴组件的一些部件;
图60为图53的端部执行器锁定构件的透视图,该端部执行器锁定构件与细长轴组件的锁定构件可操作地接合;
图61为图60的轴组件锁定构件的透视图;
图62为图53的端部执行器锁定构件的底视图,该端部执行器锁定构件与图60的轴组件锁定构件可操作地接合;
图63为根据本发明可供选择的实施例的外科器械的铰接接头的透视图,其中移除了该外科器械的一些部件;
图64为与图63的外科器械的轴组件锁定构件可操作地接合的端部执行器锁定构件的顶视图;
图65为与图64的轴组件锁定构件可操作地接合的端部执行器锁定构件的透视图;
图66为图64的端部执行器锁定构件的透视图;
图67为图64的端部执行器锁定构件的正视图;
图68为本发明的另一个外科器械实施例的正视图;
图69为图68的外科器械的柄部的正视图,为清楚起见省略了该外科器械的一些部件;
图70为图68的外科器械的闭合组件的闭合触发器的侧正视图;
图71为图70的闭合触发器的局部透视图;
图72为图70和图71的闭合触发器的局部透视图;
图73为图69的柄部的局部正视图,其中为清楚起见移除了外科器械的一些部件,并且示出了处于打开位置的外科器械的闭合触发器;
图74为图73的柄部的另一个局部正视图,其中为清楚起见移除了外科器械的一些部件,并且示出了处于闭合位置的外科器械的闭合触发器;
图75为图68的外科器械的触发器锁的透视图;
图76为图68的外科器械的触发器锁的透视图;
图77为图68的柄部的一部分的正视图,其中为清楚起见移除了外科器械的一些部件;
图78为图68的外科器械的另一个局部正视图,其中为清楚起见省略了一些部件,并且示出了其击发机构部分;
图79A为本发明的闭合触发器和柄部实施例的一部分的局部透视图,示出了闭合触发器从打开位置致动到闭合位置;
图79B为本发明的闭合触发器和柄部实施例的一部分的另一个局部透视图,示出了闭合触发器从闭合位置致动到打开位置;
图80为外科器械的柄部的局部侧正视图,其中为清楚起见移除了该外科器械的一些部件,并且示出了本发明的另一个阻尼系统实施例;
图81为外科器械的柄部的局部侧正视图,其中为清楚起见移除了该外科器械的一些部件,并且示出了本发明的另一个阻尼系统实施例;和
图82为图68的柄部的一部分的正视图,其中为清楚起见移除了外科器械的一些部件,并且示出了本发明的击发机构实施例的各部分;以及
图83为图78的击发机构部分的局部透视图,其中为清楚起见省略了一些部件。
对应参考符号表明贯穿若干视图的对应部分。本文示出的范例(以一种形式)示出本发明的优选实施例,不应将这种范例理解为是以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
现在将描述某些示例性实施例,以从整体上理解本文所公开的装置的结构、功能、制造和使用及方法的原理。这些实施例的一个或多个实例在附图中图解说明。本领域的普通技术人员将会理解,本文特别描述和在附图中示出的器械和方法为非限制性的示例性实施例,并且本发明多个实施例的范围仅由权利要求书限定。结合一个示例性实施例进行图解说明或描述的特征,可与其他实施例的特征进行组合。这种修改形式和变型形式旨在包括在本发明的范围之内。
在多个实施例中,根据本发明的外科器械可以被构造为例如将外科缝钉插入到软组织中。在至少一个实施例中,参见图1-4,外科器械100可以包括柄部102、细长轴组件104和端部执行器106。在多个实施例中,参见图3和图4,端部执行器106可以包括钉仓通道108和钉仓110,其中钉仓110可以被构造为在其中可移除地储存缝钉。在至少一个实施例中,端部执行器106还可以包括砧座112,该砧座112能够可枢转地连接到钉仓通道108并且能够由端部执行器闭合系统在打开位置和闭合位置之间枢转。为了从钉仓110调配缝钉,外科器械100还可以包括能够横越钉仓110的缝钉驱动器和能够使缝钉驱动器在钉仓内前进的击发驱动装置。在多个实施例中,砧座112可以被构造为当从钉仓调配缝钉时使缝钉的至少一部分变形。尽管以下更详细地描述了端部执行器闭合系统和击发驱动装置的多个实施例,但是公布于2005年6月14日的名称为SURGICAL STAPLINGINSTRUMENT INCORPORATING A FIRING MECHANISM HAVING ALINKED RACK TRANSMISSION(包括具有联接齿条传动装置的击发机构的外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.6,905,057以及公布于2006年5月16日的名称为SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SINGLELOCKOUT MECHAMISN FOR PERVENTION OF FIRING(具有用于防止击发的单个锁定机构的外科缝合器械)的美国专利No.7,044,352中公开了端部执行器闭合系统和击发驱动装置的若干实施例,这两篇专利的全文以引用方式并入本文。
在多个实施例中,根据本发明的外科器械可以包括用于使端部执行器相对于外科器械的细长轴组件运动或铰接运动的系统。在至少一个实施例中,参见图3-7,外科器械100可以包括铰接接头114,该铰接接头114能够活动地连接端部执行器106和细长轴组件104。在多个实施例中,铰接接头114可以允许端部执行器106在单个平面内或者在多个平面内相对于轴组件104运动。在任一种情况下,铰接接头114都可以包括一个或多个枢转轴线116(图5),端部执行器106能够绕该枢转轴线116进行铰接。在多个实施例中,参见图5和图6,外科器械100还可以包括锁定机构118,该锁定机构118能够固定或锁定端部执行器106和细长轴组件104之间的相对关系。在至少一个实施例中,锁定机构118可以包括锁定构件120,该锁定构件120能够相对于端部执行器106滑动,并且能够接合端部执行器106,以便防止或至少部分地抑制端部执行器106和轴组件104之间的相对运动。在至少一个实施例中,锁定构件120可以被构造为接合端部执行器106的齿状物312(图5和图6)中的至少一个,使得锁定构件120和齿状物312之间的相互作用可以防止或至少部分地抑制端部执行器106绕轴线116旋转,如以下进一步更详细地描述的。
在多个实施例中,参见图7-9,锁定机构118还可以包括致动器122,该致动器122能够可操作地连接到锁定构件120。在至少一个实施例中,致动器122可以包括销124,该销124可以被接纳在锁定构件120中的狭槽121内,使得当致动器122相对于柄部102滑动时,销124能够抵靠狭槽121的侧壁并且促使锁定构件120相对于端部执行器106运动。在至少一个实施例中,致动器122可以被拉动离开端部执行器106,即朝向近侧,以使锁定构件120与端部执行器106脱开。尽管没有示出,但是可以想到其它的实施例,其中致动器122可以向远侧运动,或者甚至旋转,以便使锁定构件120与端部执行器106脱开。在任一种情况下,锁定机构118都还可以包括复位弹簧126(图6),该复位弹簧126可以被构造为使锁定构件120朝向端部执行器106运动,即向远侧运动,以在致动器122已经被释放之后使锁定构件120与端部执行器106接合。2005年4月7日提交的系列号为11/100,772、名称为SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ARTICULATINGSHAFT WITH SINGLE PIVOT CLOSURE AND DOUBLE PIVOT FRAMEGROUND(具有带单枢转闭合和双枢转框架接地的铰接轴的外科器械)的美国专利申请、2005年9月29日提交的系列号为11/238,358、名称为SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ARTICULATING SHAFT WITH RIGIDFIRING BAR SUPPORTS(具有带刚性击发杆支承件的铰接轴的外科器械)的美国专利申请以及2006年7月24日提交的系列号为11/491,626、名称为SURGICAL STAPLING AND CUTTING DEVICE AND METHOD FORUSING THE DEVICE(外科缝合和切割装置以及使用该装置的方法)的美国专利申请中公开了其它锁定机构,这些专利申请的全文以引用方式并入本文。
在多个实施例中,参见图1和图2,致动器122的轮廓可以形成为使得外科医生能够抓握致动器122的外表面并且如上所述向近侧拉致动器122。为了运动致动器122,在至少一个实施例中,外科医生可以例如将一只手放在柄部握把127上,并且将另一只手放在致动器122上,以使得该外科医生能够使致动器122相对于柄部握把127运动。在其它多个实施例中,参见图10-13,致动器122’可以被构造为使得外科医生可以仅仅需要一只手来操作外科器械。更具体地讲,在至少一个实施例中,致动器122’可以包括钩或凸起115,该钩或凸起115从致动器122’延伸,这样可以允许外科医生用一只手保持柄部握把127并且将该手的至少一个手指向远侧延伸,以抓握至少一个凸起115且如上所述向近侧拉致动器122’。虽然致动器122’在本文中描述为具有凸起115,但是致动器122或任何其它合适的致动器都还可以包括凸起115和/或任何其它合适的特征,这些特征可以有助于外科医生用一只手操作外科器械100。在至少一个实施例中,凸起115可以至少部分地由弹性或“软接触”材料构成和/或涂覆有弹性或“软接触”材料,该材料可以改善外科医生在凸起115上的抓握效果,并且能够为外科医生提供其它的人体工程学益处。在多个实施例中,致动器122’例如可以与轴组件104可操作地接合,使得端部执行器106和轴组件104能够通过致动器122’绕纵向轴线旋转。在这样的实施例中,外科医生能够通过如上所述使端部执行器106铰接运动和/或使端部执行器106旋转就位而在外科部位中取向端部执行器106。在至少一个实施例中,外科医生可以通过将手指定位成靠着一个凸起115并且向该凸起115施加力而使致动器122’旋转。在多个实施例中,外科医生可以通过将手指靠着凸起115并且抵抗致动器122’的任何不期望运动且相应地抵抗端部执行器106的任何不期望运动而将致动器122’保持就位。
在多个实施例中,根据本发明的外科器械可以包括用于将端部执行器闭合或夹持到例如软组织上的系统。在至少一个实施例中,参见图2、图5、图8和图9,外科器械100可以包括闭合触发器128、驱动联接件130、驱动器132和闭合管134。在多个实施例中,在致动闭合触发器128时,闭合触发器128可以被构造为使驱动联接件130、驱动器132和闭合管134向远侧移位。更具体地讲,在至少一个实施例中,驱动联接件130可以包括与触发器128可枢转地连接的第一末端和与驱动器132可枢转地连接的第二末端,使得触发器128朝向柄部握把127的旋转能够向前驱动联接件130并且使驱动器132沿着由驱动器引导件136限定的轴线滑动(图8)。在多个实施例中,驱动器132可以包括凸起133,该凸起133从驱动器132延伸,能够可滑动地接纳在驱动器引导件136中的狭槽135内,使得狭槽135能够在驱动器132运动时限定用于该驱动器132的路径。在多个实施例中,闭合管134能够与驱动器132可操作地接合,使得当驱动器132如上所述向远侧运动时,闭合管134能够接合砧座112并且使砧座112向下枢转。主要参见图5,闭合管134可以被构造为在铰接接头114上方滑动并且使砧座112相对于钉仓110枢转。在至少一个实施例中,如图9所示,闭合管134可以包括具有凸起135的近侧末端,该凸起135从该近侧末端延伸,能够接纳在驱动器132中的狭槽131内,使得驱动器132的位移被传递至闭合管134。
在多个实施例中,如上所述,锁定机构118能够防止或至少部分地抑制端部执行器106和轴组件104之间的相对运动。在例如软组织被夹持在砧座112和钉仓110之间的情况下,端部执行器106和轴组件104之间的相对运动可以向夹持在两者间的软组织施加剪切力,该剪切力可能会损伤该软组织。在多个实施例中,参见图10-13,当端部执行器106被闭合时,为了防止或至少减少端部执行器106和轴组件104之间的相对运动,端部执行器闭合系统可以被构造为接合锁定机构118以防止致动器122’运动到其解锁位置。事实上,在至少一个实施例中,闭合触发器128的致动不仅能够闭合端部执行器106,而且其还能够防止锁定机构118解锁。在多个实施例中,参见图10-13,外科器械100’可以包括驱动器132,该驱动器132可以被构造为当驱动器132通过触发器128向远侧运动时抵靠致动器122’或者定位成紧靠致动器122’,由此防止致动器122’如上所述相对于致动器122向近侧运动。更具体地讲,在触发器132被致动之前,如图10和图11所示,致动器122’可以向近侧滑动,以便使锁定构件120相对于端部执行器106滑动并且解锁铰接接头114。然而,参见图13,在触发器132致动时,驱动器132可以被构造为抵靠致动器122’或者定位成靠近致动器122’,使得致动器122’不能够向近侧运动而使锁定构件120与端部执行器106脱开。因此,端部执行器闭合系统能够防止端部执行器106在其被闭合之后进行铰接,从而减小剪切力被传递到夹持在其中的软组织的可能性。
除了上述之外,端部执行器闭合系统还能够向外科医生提供这样的反馈,即端部执行器已经被闭合,为了外科医生使端部执行器解锁和进行铰接,外科医生必须首先在端部执行器能够被铰接之前至少部分地再次打开端部执行器。更具体地讲,由于当端部执行器106被闭合时驱动器132和致动器122’之间的相互作用,当外科医生试图向近侧拉致动器122’以解锁铰接接头114时,驱动器132能够基本防止致动器122’运动,由此向外科医生发出这样的信号,即端部执行器106被闭合,并且在致动器122’能够运动且铰接接头能够被解锁之前端部执行器106必须首先被再次打开。在多个实施例中,这样的端部执行器闭合系统可以防止外科医生损坏外科器械和/或损伤被捕集在端部执行器内或围绕端部执行器的组织。更具体地讲,在至少一个实施例中,当闭合管134已经前进至如上所述闭合砧座112时,闭合管134可以向砧座112施加力,以将砧座112保持在闭合位置中,而在多种情形下,该力可以在铰接接头114内产生摩擦力,该摩擦力即使不防止也能够抑制端部执行器106绕铰接接头114旋转。在没有上述端部执行器闭合系统的实施例中,如果外科医生试图在没有首先至少部分地打开端部执行器的情况下克服这些摩擦力,那么外科医生可能例如使外科器械中的一个或多个部件弯曲或断裂。然而,在本发明的多个实施例中,驱动器132例如可以防止外科医生如上所述释放铰接锁120,因此,外科医生可能不会有机会解锁铰接接头114,更不会有机会铰接端部执行器106。
在多个实施例中,根据本发明的外科器械可以包括端部执行器闭合系统,该端部执行器闭合系统可以将砧座112例如定位在打开位置、闭合位置和部分闭合位置。在至少一个实施例中,外科医生可以使砧座112运动到部分闭合位置中,并且评价在砧座112运动到其闭合位置中之前端部执行器是否应当被再次定位或铰接。在这样的实施例中,砧座112可以相对于定位在砧座112和钉仓110中间的软组织进行运动,而不会在砧座112被完全闭合之前向软组织施加剪切力或至少显著的剪切力。在至少一个实施例中,砧座112可以被构造为使得当该砧座112处于其部分闭合位置中时该砧座112不会夹持定位在砧座112和钉仓110之间的软组织。作为另外一种选择,砧座112可以被构造为当砧座112处于其部分闭合位置时向软组织施加轻的夹持力,然后当砧座112运动到其闭合位置中时施加较大的夹持力。在至少一个这样的实施例中,外科器械可以包括触发器,该触发器可以在第一位置、第二位置和第三位置之间运动,该第一位置(图11)对应于砧座112的打开位置,该第二位置(图12)对应于其部分闭合位置,该第三位置(图13)对应于其闭合位置。在多个实施例中,参见图8和图9,触发器128能够可枢转地安装到柄部102的壳体103,使得触发器128能够在其第一位置、第二位置和第三位置之间绕销129旋转。在多个实施例中,参见图8、图9、图17和图18,外科器械100还可以包括触发器锁148,该触发器锁148可以被构造为接合触发器128并且选择性地将触发器128锁定在上述其第一位置、第二位置和第三位置中的至少一者中。在至少一个实施例中,触发器128可以包括枢转末端138,该枢转末端138包括凸轮表面140、第一凹口142和第二凹口144,其中触发器锁148可以被构造为接合第一凹口142和第二凹口144。更具体地讲,参见图8和图9,外科器械100还可以包括触发器锁弹簧150,该触发器锁弹簧150可以被构造为靠着凸轮表面140偏置触发器锁148的从动部分149,使得当第一凹口142或第二凹口144与从动部分149对准时,触发器锁弹簧150能够分别将从动部分149推入到第一凹口142或第二凹口144中。在至少一个实施例中,主要参见图8和图9,触发器锁148能够经由销151可枢转地安装到柄部102的壳体103。在多个实施例中,触发器锁弹簧150能够在触发器锁148的按钮部分152和壳体103的中间被压缩,使得触发器锁弹簧150能够使触发器锁148绕销151旋转并且靠着触发器128的凸轮表面140向下偏置触发器锁148。
除了上述之外,在至少一个实施例中,当触发器132运动到其第二位置中且砧座112运动到其部分闭合位置中时,第一凹口142还可以与从动部分149对准。在多个实施例中,从动部分149能够固定地保持在第一凹口142内,使得在触发器132能够运动到其第三位置中和/或返回到其第一位置之前可能需要手动地将触发器锁148与触发器132脱开。在至少一个实施例中,参见图8和图9,外科医生可以压下锁定构件148的按钮部分152,使得锁定构件148绕销151旋转并且从动部分149被向上提升且脱开与触发器128的接合。在其它多个实施例中,第一凹口142可以被构造为使得在向触发器132施加力时从动部分149能够滑出第一凹口142。在任一种情况下,在从动部分149已经从第一凹口142脱开之后,外科医生都能够选择性地将触发器132运动到其第三位置中或者释放触发器132,并且允许触发器弹簧例如使触发器132返回到其第一位置。在至少一个可供选择的实施例中,第一凹口142和从动部分149可以被构造为使得在触发器132已经运动到其第二位置中之后,触发器132必须在其能够返回到其第一位置中之前运动到其第三位置中。在任一种情况下,在至少一个实施例中,当触发器132运动到其第三位置中且砧座112运动到其闭合位置中时,触发器132的第二凹口144都可以与从动部分149对准。与第一凹口142类似,第二凹口144可以被构造为在其中保持从动部分149,直到锁定构件148与触发器132脱开和/或向触发器132施加足够的力以将从动部分149与第二凹口144分离。之后,在多个实施例中,触发器弹簧可以使触发器132从其第三位置运动到其第二位置中,其中与上述类似,可以要求外科医生将从动部分149与第一凹口142脱开。在至少一个可供选择的实施例中,第一凹口142可以被构造为使得从动部分149能够滑过第一凹口142并且允许触发器132从其第三位置运动到其第一位置,而不需要外科医生将从动部分149与第一凹口142分离。
除了上述之外(尽管没有示出),当闭合触发器128处于其第一位置中时,锁定构件148的按钮部分152例如都可以凹陷在外科器械壳体103内。在可供选择的实施例中,按钮部分152可以定位成与壳体103平齐,或者其可以稍稍从壳体103伸出。在任一种情况下,在至少一个实施例中,当闭合触发器128运动到其第二位置中时,按钮部分152都可以相对于壳体103向外运动。这种运动可以为外科医生提供这样的视觉反馈,即外科器械的砧座处于其部分闭合位置。此外,按钮部分152的运动还可以伴随有听觉和/或触觉反馈。在任一种情况下,在按钮部分152已经向外运动之后,外科医生都可以触及按钮部分152,使得锁定构件148能够如上所述与触发器128脱开。在多个实施例中,按钮部分152甚至能够在触发器128从其第二位置运动到其第三位置时进一步向外运动。与上述类似,这样的运动可以为外科医生提供这样的视觉提示,即砧座现在处于其闭合位置,并且能够如上所述伴随有听觉和/或触觉反馈。尽管按钮152在上文中描述为当触发器128在其第一位置和第三位置之间前进时向外运动,但是本发明并不限于此。相反,按钮152或任何其它合适的指示器都可以以任何合适的方式向外科医生提供反馈。
在可供选择的实施例中(尽管没有示出),砧座112可以保持或维持在多于上述三个位置,即其打开、闭合和部分闭合位置。在至少一个实施例中,砧座112可以保持在打开、闭合以及两个或更多个中间位置中。在这样的实施例中,砧座112可以前进穿过这些中间位置,并且当砧座112朝向其闭合位置运动时,向捕集在端部执行器106中的软组织施加逐渐增大的力。在至少一个实施例中,与上述类似,触发器132可以包括多个凹口,这些凹口可以与砧座112的多个中间位置相对应。在多个可供选择的实施例中(尽管没有示出),端部执行器闭合系统可以包括棘轮组件,该棘轮组件可以允许触发器132以及对应地允许砧座112保持在多个位置中。在这样的实施例中,砧座112和触发器132可以通过棘爪保持就位,该棘爪与棘轮可枢转地接合,该棘轮与触发器132可操作地接合。
在多个实施例中,参见图10-13,如上所述,致动器122’和柄部102’之间的相对运动可以受到限制,以控制锁定构件120能够位移的范围。更具体地讲,参见图10和图11,致动器122’的远侧部分可以包括凸起123,该凸起123从该远侧部分延伸,能够容纳在腔体125中,在该腔体125中,致动器122’的位移可以受到腔体125的近侧壁117和远侧壁119的限制。在至少一个实施例中,当触发器128处于其第一位置中时,如图10和图11所示,致动器122可以从远侧位置运动到较近侧位置中,在该远侧位置中,凸起123可以抵靠远侧壁119,如图10所示,在该较近侧位置中,凸起123没有抵靠远侧壁119,如图11所示。在该较远侧位置中,如上所述,锁定构件120可以与端部执行器106脱开,并且端部执行器106可以相对于轴组件104旋转。当触发器128处于其第二位置中时,参见图12,驱动器132可以限制致动器122’的运动范围,使得凸起123不能够靠着近侧壁117定位。然而,在至少一个实施例中,致动器122’可以向近侧运动足以使锁定构件120与端部执行器106脱开的距离。在这些情形下,外科医生可以重新定位端部执行器106,但是砧座112可以例如部分地闭合到软组织上。当触发器128处于其第三位置中时,如图13所示,驱动器132可以向远侧推动致动器122’,使得凸起132抵靠远侧壁119或者定位成与远侧壁119相邻,并且致动器122’不能够运动成足以解锁铰接接头114。
在多个实施例中,根据本发明的外科器械可以包括击发驱动装置,该击发驱动装置能够如上所述使切割构件和/或缝钉驱动器在端部执行器内前进。在至少一个实施例中,参见图8、图9和图19-25,外科器械100的击发驱动装置可以包括击发触发器160、第一击发联接件162、第二击发联接件164和击发构件166。在多个实施例中,击发触发器160能够与击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164中的至少一个可操作地接合,以便使刀杆168在细长轴组件104内前进。在至少一个实施例中,刀杆168能够与端部执行器106中的缝钉驱动器(未示出)和切割构件(未示出)可操作地接合,其中切割构件可以被构造为例如切割组织,缝钉驱动器可以被构造为从钉仓110调配缝钉。美国专利No.6,905,057和No.7,044,352中充分公开了切割构件和缝钉驱动器,这两篇专利之前已经以引用方式并入本专利申请中,因此在这里不再更详细地描述这些装置。2006年9月29日提交的系列号为11/541,123、名称为SURGICAL STAPLES HAVINGCOMPRESSIBLE OR CRUSHABLE MEMBERS FOR SECURING TISSUETHEREIN AND STAPLING INSTRUMENTS FOR DEPLOYING THE SAME(具有用于在其中固定组织的可压缩或可压碎构件的外科缝钉以及用于调配该外科缝钉的缝合器械)的美国专利申请,以及2007年1月11日提交的系列号为11/652,169、名称为SURGICAL STAPLING DEVICE WITH ACURVED CUTTING MEMBER(具有弯曲切割构件的外科缝合装置)的美国专利申请中公开了其它切割构件和缝钉驱动器,这些专利申请的全文以引用方式并入本文。
在多个实施例中,主要参见图19和图20,击发触发器160能够通过销161可枢转地连接到外科器械壳体103(图8和图9)。在使用时,在至少一个实施例中,击发触发器160可以绕销161枢转,以使击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164向远侧前进。在多个实施例中,击发触发器160可以包括狭槽159,其中该狭槽159可以被构造为接纳击发销172。在多个实施例中,当击发触发器160从其图2所示的位置被致动或旋转到与柄部握把127相邻的位置时,狭槽159的侧壁可以被构造为接合击发销172并且使击发销172向远侧前进。在至少一个实施例中,参见图23,击发驱动装置还可以包括棘爪170,其中棘爪170可以包括小孔171。在多个实施例中,小孔171可以被构造为接纳击发销172的至少一部分,使得当击发销172通过触发器160向远侧前进时,击发销172同样能够使棘爪170向远侧前进。在多个实施例中,参见图24,棘爪170可以包括齿状物174,击发构件166可以包括凹槽167,其中凹槽167可以被构造为接纳齿状物174。在使用时,当棘爪170通过击发销172向远侧前进且齿状物174与凹槽167的侧壁接合时,棘爪170同样可以使击发构件166向远侧前进。在多个实施例中,棘爪170能够通过击发销172沿着基本线性的路径向远侧前进。在这样的实施例中,狭槽159可以包括弓形轮廓,该弓形轮廓能够与击发销172配合而将击发触发器160的旋转运动转换为棘爪170的平移运动。在至少一个实施例中,施加给棘爪170的力可以基本上(如果不是完全地)指向远侧方向。因此,在这样的实施例中,可以降低棘爪170变得附着或附到缝合器框架184的可能性。
在多个实施例中,棘爪170可以在第一位置和第二位置之间枢转,在该第一位置中,棘爪170与击发构件166可操作地脱开,在该第二位置中,参见图19和图20,棘爪170与击发构件166可操作地接合。主要参见图21-25,击发驱动装置还可以包括翻转机构178,该翻转机构178可以被构造为使棘爪170在其第一位置和第二位置之间枢转。在使用时,当击发触发器160被致动时,棘爪170至少初始能够相对于翻转机构178运动,使得棘爪170的至少一部分能够抵靠翻转机构178,并且使棘爪170向上枢转到与击发构件166操作性地接合。在至少一个实施例中,主要参见图23,棘爪170可以包括凹槽175,该凹槽175可以被构造为接纳凸起179(图25),该凸起179从翻转机构178的中心部分延伸。在至少一个实施例中,随着棘爪170向远侧前进,凹槽175的近侧壁176可以接触凸起179上的凸轮表面,并且由于通过枢转销172施加给棘爪170的力,棘爪170可以向上枢转或旋转,使得齿状物174能够如上所述定位在击发构件166的凹槽167中。在棘爪170已经枢转之后,随着棘爪170朝向端部执行器106前进,棘爪170能够向远侧拖曳翻转机构178。更具体地讲,在至少一个实施例中,翻转机构178可以包括可变形构件180,该可变形构件180可以接纳在缝合器框架184中的狭槽182内,使得可变形构件180和缝合器框架184之间的相互作用至少部分地抑制翻转机构178相对于缝合器框架184的运动。换言之,由于可变形构件180和狭槽182的侧壁之间的静摩擦力,在能够相对于缝合器框架184拖曳翻转机构178之前,必须向翻转机构178施加足以克服这些摩擦力的力。
在击发触发器160已经被致动且击发构件166已经前进之后,触发器160可以被释放且返回到其图2所示的非致动位置,并且棘爪170能够与击发构件166脱开且缩回到其图19所示的起始位置。更具体地讲,在至少一个实施例中,外科器械100还可以包括触发器弹簧(未示出),该触发器弹簧例如与触发器160和壳体103可操作地接合,其中触发器弹簧可以被构造为在棘爪170已经与击发构件166脱开之后使触发器160绕销161旋转并且向近侧驱动击发销172。在多个实施例中,当棘爪170如上所述从其如图24所示的第二位置枢转到其第一位置时,棘爪170可以通过翻转机构178与击发构件166脱开。在这样的实施例中,棘爪170至少在初始可以相对于翻转机构178运动,使得凹槽175的远侧壁177能够接触凸起179上的第二凸轮表面,并且由于通过触发器160或复位弹簧186向击发销172施加的力而能够使棘爪170向下旋转,使得棘爪170的齿状物174能够与击发构件166中的凹槽167脱开。之后,触发器160和/或复位弹簧186可以使棘爪170相对于击发构件166拉伸或缩回。在多个实施例中,与上述类似,棘爪170可以被构造为在狭槽182内向近侧拖曳翻转机构178。因此,棘爪170不需要被偏置到其第一位置或第二位置。在多种情形下,棘爪170可以在其第一位置和第二位置之间自由地旋转,而不必克服由偏置弹簧施加给该棘爪170的力。事实上,在多个实施例中,使棘爪170在其第一位置和第二位置之间运动的力仅仅需要克服棘爪170的重力以及棘爪170和外科器械的围绕部件之间的任何摩擦力。
一旦棘爪170已经返回到其起始位置,在至少一个实施例中,棘爪170的齿状物174就可以不再与击发构件166的凹槽167对准。相反,总体上参见图19和图20,棘爪170的齿状物174可以与第一击发联接件162中的凹槽163对准。更具体地讲,第一击发联接件162能够可枢转地连接到击发构件166,使得当击发构件166如上所述向远侧前进时,击发构件166能够将第一击发联接件162拉入到击发构件166之前占据的位置中。因此,在第二次致动击发触发器160时,棘爪170可以从其第一位置枢转到其第二位置中,使得齿状物174与凹槽163可操作地接合并且棘爪170能够使击发联接件162向远侧前进。在至少一个实施例中,击发联接件162可以向远侧推击发构件166和刀杆168,并且由此使切割构件和缝钉驱动器在端部执行器106内向远侧前进。之后,棘爪170可以再次从其第二位置枢转到其第一位置并且能够相对于第一击发联接件162缩回。一旦棘爪170第二次返回到其起始位置,棘爪170的齿状物174就可以不再与第一击发联接件162的凹槽163对准。相反,与上述类似,齿状物174可以与第二击发联接件164中的凹槽165对准,并且可以重复上述过程。
尽管没有示出,但是根据本发明的外科器械可以包括多于两个的或少于两个的击发联接件,以便使切割构件和缝钉驱动器前进到它们在端部执行器106内的期望位置。在多个实施例中,尽管没有示出,击发构件166可以包括不止一个凹槽167,使得棘爪170可以不止一次地使击发构件166直接朝向端部执行器106前进。在至少一个这样的实施例中,在使击发构件166如上所述向远侧前进之后,棘爪170可以缩回,使得当棘爪170再次向上倾斜时,棘爪170能够接合击发构件166中的另一个凹槽167并且再次使击发构件166朝向端部执行器106前进。因此,在至少一个实施例中,可以不需要击发联接件162和164。
在多个实施例中,外科器械可以包括一个或多个弹簧构件,该弹簧构件能够使棘爪170运动到其第一位置和第二位置中的至少一者中。在至少一个实施例中,参见图27和图28,击发驱动装置可以包括棘爪170’、击发销172和翻转机构178’,其中,与上述类似,翻转机构178’可以被构造为当棘爪170’向远侧前进时使棘爪170’向上枢转。击发驱动装置还可以包括枢转弹簧188,该枢转弹簧188能够与棘爪170’可操作地连接,使得当棘爪170’向上枢转到其如图27所示的第二位置中时,棘爪170’可以折曲或弹性地弯曲枢转弹簧188。在棘爪170’已经前进之后,棘爪170’可以通过枢转弹簧188向下枢转到其第一位置中,如图28所示。更具体地讲,由于当枢转弹簧188被折曲时存储在枢转弹簧188中的势能,一旦棘爪170’不再通过翻转机构178’和击发销172保持在其第二位置中,弹簧188就可以使棘爪170’向下运动。之后,如上所述,棘爪170’可以相对于击发构件166和/或击发联接件162和164缩回。在多个实施例中,翻转机构178’可以不包括用于使棘爪170枢转到其第一位置中的第二凸轮表面。在这样的实施例中,棘爪170’可以通过如上所述施加给击发销172的力而缩回。在多个可供选择的实施例中(尽管没有示出),翻转机构178’和棘爪170’还可以包括用于使棘爪170’向下枢转到其第一位置中的共同操作的特征。
在多个实施例中,参见图19和图20,外科器械100还可以包括带190,该带190可以被构造为使击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164相对于端部执行器106运动。在至少一个实施例中,带190的第一末端可以例如连接到击发构件166,使得当击发构件166向远侧前进时,带190同样能够被向远侧拉动。在多个可供选择的实施例中,带190可以连接到第一击发联接件162和/或第二击发联接件164。在至少一个实施例中,带190可以围绕卷轴或线轴192的至少一部分定位,使得当带190被击发构件166拉动时,可以从卷轴192调配或退绕带190。在至少一个实施例中,带190的第二末端可以连接到卷轴192,使得在外科器械100的正常操作条件下,带190不能够易于与卷轴192脱开。在任一种情况下,当带190被击发构件166拉动时,根据带190围绕卷轴192的定位方式,卷轴192都可以沿顺时针方向或逆时针方向中的一者旋转。为了缩回击发构件166,卷轴192可以沿相反的方向旋转,以使击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164向近侧运动,并且使带190围绕着卷轴192卷绕。
在多个实施例中,带190可以围绕卷轴192缠绕而使得带190围绕卷轴192上的大致圆柱形表面包裹。在至少一个实施例中,卷轴192的旋转轴线和该圆柱形表面之间的距离可以是围绕卷轴192的周边基本上等距的。在这些实施例中,随着带190如上所述被向近侧拉动,卷轴192的机械优点可以保持基本上恒定,并且卷轴192向带190施加拉力的能力可以保持基本上相同。然而,在可供选择的实施例中,卷轴192可以被构造为提供可变的机械优点。在至少一个实施例中,卷轴192可以包括非圆柱形表面,带190可以包裹在该非圆柱形表面上,使得卷轴192的旋转轴线和该非圆柱形表面之间的距离不是围绕卷轴192的周边等距的。因此,在这些实施例中,随着带190围绕卷轴192缠绕,卷轴192向带190施加拉力的能力可以变化。在至少一个实施例中,卷轴192可以用作凸轮并且可以包括特定的形状,该形状可以被优化成当带190初始被缩回时即当用于缩回切割构件的力例如可处于其最高值时向带190提供额外的力。
在多个实施例中,参见图29-42,击发触发器160可以选择性地与外科器械100的返回机构接合。在至少一个实施例中,当击发触发器160经由棘爪170与击发构件166可操作地接合时,如上所述,击发触发器160的致动可以使击发构件166向远侧前进,而当击发触发器160经由带190与击发构件166可操作地接合时,击发触发器160的致动可以使击发构件166向近侧缩回。在多个实施例中,返回机构可以被手动地致动,以使击发触发器160与击发构件166脱开并且使击发触发器160与卷轴192可操作地接合。在至少一个实施例中,返回机构可以包括返回滑架194,该返回滑架194能够可枢转地安装在外科器械壳体103中,使得返回滑架194可以在图29所示的第一位置或非致动位置与图32所示的第二位置或致动位置之间枢转。在至少一个这样的实施例中,返回滑架194可以包括按钮部分195,当向该按钮部分195施加力时,该按钮部分195可以被构造为使返回滑架194从其非致动位置运动到其致动位置。
当返回滑架194定位在其非致动位置中时,如图29-31所示,击发触发器160可以被构造为使击发构件166如上所述地前进,并且触发器160的齿轮部分158能够与触发齿轮196操作性地接合。在多个实施例中,齿轮部分158和触发齿轮196能够可操作地接合,使得触发器160绕销161的旋转能够绕由返回销198限定的轴线驱动触发齿轮196。在至少一个实施例中,当返回滑架194处于其非致动位置中时,触发齿轮196可以被构造为绕返回销198自由地旋转,使得触发齿轮196的旋转不会传递到或至少基本上不会传递到返回销198。更具体地讲,参见图30,返回销198的键199可以被偏置成不与触发齿轮196接合,使得触发齿轮196的旋转不会传递到键齿轮206和卷轴192。因此,当返回滑架194处于其非致动位置中时,触发齿轮160的致动不会或至少基本上不会使卷轴192旋转。
在切割构件和缝钉驱动器已经在端部执行器106内前进之后,返回滑架194可以运动到其致动位置中。在多个实施例中,参见图30,卷轴192可以包括凸轮构件202,该凸轮构件202从该卷轴192延伸,能够接触返回滑架194并且使返回滑架194向下旋转。在至少一个实施例中,在触发器160的使切割构件和缝钉驱动器在端部执行器106内前进的最终致动期间,凸轮构件202可以接触返回滑架194。在至少一个这样的实施例中,在击发触发器160的第三次致动之后,凸轮构件202可以接触返回滑架194。在多个实施例中,参见图32-35,当齿轮滑架194运动到其致动位置中时,返回滑架194可以被构造为使触发齿轮196与卷轴192可操作地接合。在至少一个实施例中,参见图33和图35,返回滑架194可以包括偏置弹簧200,其中当返回滑架194处于其非致动位置中时,弹簧200可以位于图33所示的位置中,而当返回滑架194运动到其图35所示的致动位置中时,弹簧200可以接触返回销198并且朝向触发齿轮196偏置返回销198。在至少一个实施例中,参见图31,触发齿轮196中可以包括D形腔体197,在以下解释的某些情形下,该D形腔体197可以接纳从返回销198延伸的键199并且能够使触发齿轮196与键齿轮206和卷轴192可操作地接合。在多个实施例中,返回滑架194运动到其致动位置中可以伴随有听觉和/或触觉反馈,以通知外科医生外科器械的返回机构已经与触发器160接合。
除了上述之外,当返回销198朝向触发齿轮196滑动时,D形腔体197还可以定位成使得键199不会立即进入腔体197。相反,参见图31,弹簧200可以偏置返回销198,使得键199初始抵靠触发齿轮196的表面204。然而,在触发器160被释放且返回到其非致动位置之后,D形腔体197可以旋转并且与键199对准,使得弹簧200可以将键199偏置到腔体197中,如图36所示。在至少一个实施例中,参见图31,当返回销198朝向触发齿轮196滑动时,返回销198的末端可以接纳在返回滑架194中的狭槽193内,如图32所示。在键199已经插入到腔体197中之后,触发器160的随后致动可以使得D形腔体197的驱动表面210抵靠键199并且使返回销198旋转到图37和图38所示的位置。事实上,在至少一个实施例中,触发器160的致动可以使键199旋转大约半圈,使得初始基本上向下延伸的键199(图36)能够旋转成使得键199基本上向上延伸(图37)。之后,触发器160能够被释放并且触发齿轮194能够相对于键199旋转,其中键199可以保持沿基本向上的方向取向,如图39-41所示。
在多个实施例中,主要参见图38,键齿轮206能够与返回销198可操作地接合,使得返回销198的旋转可以被传递到键齿轮206。在至少一个实施例中,键齿轮206可以包括键形小孔212,该键形小孔212可以被构造为可滑动地接纳返回销198的键199。在至少一个这样的实施例中,当返回销198与触发齿轮196接合时,键199能够与触发齿轮196的凹槽197和键齿轮206的小孔212均可操作地接合。在多个可供选择的实施例中,键齿轮206可以固定地安装到返回销198。在这样的实施例中,当返回销198相对于触发齿轮196滑动时,键齿轮206也可以相对于触发齿轮196滑动。在多个实施例中,总体上参见图38,卷轴192可以包括安装在其上的正齿轮216,其中正齿轮216能够与键齿轮206操作性地接合,使得键齿轮206的旋转能够被传递到卷轴192。在至少一个实施例中,当键齿轮206如上所述朝向触发齿轮196滑动时,该键齿轮206能够滑动成与卷轴192操作性地接合。在可供选择的实施例中,正齿轮216可以被构造为使得键齿轮206与该正齿轮216操作性地接合,而与键齿轮206是否已经被偏置向触发齿轮196无关。
因此,当返回滑架194定位在其致动位置中时,如图32所示,触发器160的致动可以旋转卷轴192并且使带190围绕该卷轴192的至少一部分卷绕。在当返回滑架194被致动时键199不能够与触发齿轮196可操作地接合的情形下,卷轴192可以手动地旋转以缩回带190。在至少一个这样的实施例中,参见图33和图37,螺栓或紧固件218可以与卷轴192操作性地接合,使得螺栓218的旋转可以引起卷轴192的旋转。在多个实施例中,外科医生可以将螺栓218插入穿过外科器械壳体103中的开口并且使螺栓218与卷轴192接合。在至少一个实施例中,外科器械100还可以包括计数机构(未示出),该计数机构可以对触发器160的致动进行计数,在至少一个这样的实施例中,例如螺栓218能够与计数机构可操作地接合以旋转卷轴192。因此,在多个实施例中,外科器械可以包括用于卷绕卷轴192的第一致动器或主要致动器和可以被构造为代替第一致动器卷绕卷轴192的第二致动器。
在多个实施例中,如上所述,卷轴192可以被构造为拉动带190并且向近侧缩回击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164。更具体地讲,如上所述,击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164可以相对于棘爪170缩回,以便将击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164再次定位到它们的开始位置中。在这样的实施例中,尤其是在棘爪170能够如上所述进行枢转的实施例中,外科器械100的返回机构还可以被构造为当击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164相对于棘爪170运动时将棘爪170保持为不与击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164操作性地接合。更具体地讲,当返回滑架194运动到其致动位置中时,如图35所示,返回滑架194可以被构造为接触击发销172的末端并且使击发销172朝向棘爪170滑动,使得击发销172接合棘爪170且防止棘爪170向上枢转。更具体地讲,参见图34,击发销172可以包括第一末端220,该第一末端220可以包括例如斜的和/或圆形的表面,其中当返回滑架194接触第一末端220时,返回滑架194可以朝向棘爪170推压击发销172。在至少一个实施例中,棘爪170可以包括凹槽173,该凹槽173可以被构造为当击发销172朝向棘爪170运动时接纳从击发销172延伸的键222。当键222和凹槽173操作性地接合时,击发销172可以防止棘爪170向上枢转成与击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164接合。
在击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164已经缩回之后,新的钉仓110可以固定在端部执行器106中并且外科器械100能够复位成使得其能够再次用来切割和缝合软组织。在多个实施例中,参见图39-42,返回滑架194可以从其图32所示的致动位置运动到其图40所示的非致动位置。在至少一个实施例中,当向按钮部分195施加力时,返回滑架194可以向上旋转或枢转。作为另外一种选择,参见图29,当触发器锁148向上旋转以使从动部分149与闭合触发器128脱开时,返回滑架194可以向上运动,以便再次如上所述打开端部执行器106。更具体地讲,当向触发器锁148的按钮部分152施加力时,触发器锁148可以向上旋转,使得从其延伸的凸起147能够接触返回滑架194并且同样使返回滑架194向上运动。在任一种情况下,参见图42,当返回滑架194向上运动到其非致动位置中时,返回滑架194都可以使击发销172与棘爪170脱开,此外,可以使返回销198与触发齿轮196脱开。更具体地讲,返回滑架194可以被构造为抵靠击发销172的斜的或圆形的末端221,使得当返回滑架194向上旋转时,返回滑架194能够使返回销172滑动离开棘爪170并且使键222与凹槽173脱开。相似地,当返回滑架194向上运动时,狭槽193的侧壁可以被构造为接触返回销198的末端并且使返回销198滑动离开触发齿轮196,以使键199与D形凹槽197脱开。简而言之,在至少所示的实施例中,当锁定构件148的按钮部分152被压下且返回滑架194向上运动时,外科器械可以被复位并且可以被再次使用。
尽管在切割构件和缝钉驱动器已经在端部执行器106内完全前进之后上述外科器械能够被复位,但是在切割构件和缝钉驱动器已经在端部执行器106内仅仅部分地前进之后,返回滑架194的按钮部分195例如可以被压下。在多个实施例中,返回滑架194还可以包括引导销191,该引导销191在返回滑架194的相对两侧之间延伸。在至少一个这样的实施例中,引导销191能够可滑动地接纳在框架184中的引导狭槽185(图31)内,使得狭槽185和销191可以限定用于返回滑架194的路径。在多个实施例中,引导销191和引导狭槽185可以被构造为当返回滑架194如上所述从其致动位置运动到其非致动位置时确保返回滑架194接合击发销172和返回销198并且使外科器械复位。
在多个实施例中,外科器械100还可以包括制动器,以用于防止或至少部分地抑制击发驱动装置使切割构件和缝钉驱动器例如在端部执行器106内前进和/或缩回。在至少一个实施例中,参见图43,框架184可以包括制动表面187,其中该制动表面187可以被构造为向带190施加制动力。更具体地讲,当带190如上所述被向近侧和/或远侧拉动时,框架184可以被构造为使得带190在制动表面187上滑动并且在两者间产生摩擦力。在多个实施例中,参见图44,制动表面187’可以被构造为使得带190在击发构件166和卷轴192之间的路径被制动表面187’中断,并且可以向带190施加极大的法向力。
在至少一个实施例中,当带190静止时,带190可以与制动表面187’接合,使得带190和制动表面187’之间的静摩擦力在向带190施加拉力时可以至少在初始防止带190相对于制动表面187’运动。当向带190施加的拉力超过静摩擦力时,带190可以相对于制动表面187’运动。当触发器160被致动不止一次以使切割构件和/或缝钉驱动器在端部执行器106内前进时,这样的实施例可能是尤其有利的。更具体地讲,在触发器160致动之后,棘爪170如上所述相对于击发构件166缩回,在多个实施例中,带190和制动表面187’之间的摩擦力可以防止或至少部分地抑制击发构件166和/或击发联接件162和164随着棘爪170缩回而向近侧和/或远侧运动。因此,棘爪170的齿状物174与击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164中的凹槽之间的对准可以在棘爪170相对于它们运动时得以保持。
相似地,在至少一个实施例中,带190的刚性还可以有助于将击发构件166以及击发联接件162和164保持就位。更具体地讲,为了击发构件166“倒退”或向近侧运动,击发构件166应当必须向近侧推带190,事实上是使带190围绕卷轴192缠绕。在多个实施例中,带190的刚性可以使得使带190围绕卷轴192缠绕需要极大的力,因此,击发构件166可以被保持就位。参见图44,为了进一步增大使带190围绕卷轴192缠绕所需的力,带190的路径可以被控制为使得不是沿切向方向缠绕到卷轴192上。更具体地讲,如果带190的路径使得其沿非切向方向缠绕到卷轴192上,那么力的通过带190传递的一部分将会损失,从而导致缠绕卷轴192的机械优点较差。
在多个实施例中,外科器械100可以包括制动器,该制动器可以与卷轴192或击发驱动装置的任何其它合适的部件接合,以防止击发构件166和/或击发联接件162和164例如无意中缩回。在至少一个实施例中(尽管没有示出),该制动器可以在第一位置和第二位置之间运动,其中当该制动器处于第一位置中时,该制动器能够向带190例如施加第一制动力。在至少一个这样的实施例中,该制动器在处于第二位置中时能够向带190例如施加第二制动力,第二制动力可以大于或小于第一制动力。在多个可供选择的实施例中,当制动器处于第二位置中时,该制动器可以不与带190或击发驱动装置的任何其它部分接合。在多个实施例中(尽管没有示出),外科器械100可以包括定位部机构,该定位部机构可以向卷轴192和/或带190施加制动力。在至少一个这样的实施例中,定位部机构可以包括球定位部和弹簧构件,该弹簧构件用于使球定位部靠着卷轴192和/或带190偏置地接合。
在多个实施例中,外科器械100可以包括棘轮,该棘轮可以允许卷轴192沿第一方向转动,但是在多种情形下可以防止卷轴192沿与第一方向相反的方向转动。在至少一个实施例中,参见图45-49,外科器械100可以包括棘轮组件230,其中棘轮组件230可以包括棘轮232和棘轮爪234。在多个实施例中,棘轮232可以以与上述键齿轮206基本上相同的方式进行操作,不同的是,主要参见图47和图48,棘轮232可以包括棘轮齿状物236,由于与棘轮爪234棘轮接合,当返回滑架194’处于其非致动位置(图47)中时,该棘轮齿状物236可以防止棘轮232例如沿顺时针方向转动。更具体地讲,每一个棘轮齿状物236都可以包括平表面240,参见图48,平表面240中的至少一个可以抵靠棘爪234的边缘235,从而防止棘轮232沿顺时针方向旋转。
每一个棘轮齿状物236都还可以包括倾斜表面238,其中倾斜表面238可以被构造为当棘轮232沿逆时针方向转动时在棘爪234下方滑动。因此,棘轮组件230可以允许例如带190被击发构件166向远侧拉动,但是至少当返回滑架194处于其非致动位置中时,防止或至少基本上抑制带190向近侧运动。当返回滑架194’如上所述相对于返回滑架194向下枢转到其致动位置中时,棘轮232可以朝向触发齿轮196’滑动并且不与棘轮爪234操作性地接合。因此,之后棘轮232可以沿顺时针或逆时针方向旋转,而不会与棘轮爪234干涉或不会与棘轮爪234至少实质干涉。在棘轮232不朝向触发齿轮196’滑动的多个可供选择的实施例中,当返回滑架194’运动到其致动位置中时,棘轮爪234可以向下运动并且不与棘轮齿状物236操作性地接合。在任一种情况下,当返回滑架194’处于其致动位置中时,触发齿轮196’和返回销198’都可以旋转棘轮232和凸轮192’以缩回带190和击发构件166。
在多个实施例中,参见图50,外科器械100可以包括端部执行器106和细长轴组件104,其中端部执行器106和轴组件104能够通过铰接接头114可枢转地连接。如上所述,铰接接头114可以允许端部执行器106相对于轴组件106绕轴线116运动或进行铰接。在多种情形下,外科医生可以使端部执行器106铰接,以更加容易地触及患者体内的外科位点。更具体地讲,外科医生可以将端部执行器106和轴组件104插入穿过套管,该套管至少部分地插入到患者体内,一旦端部执行器106已经穿过套管,端部执行器106就可以被枢转或铰接,以便将端部执行器106相对于软组织定位在例如待缝合和/或待切割的外科位点中。一旦端部执行器106已经定位,端部执行器106和轴组件104之间的相对关系就可以被锁定机构固定或锁定,如以下进一步更详细地描述的。
在至少一个实施例中,参见图51和图52,铰接接头114可以包括端部执行器锁定构件300和枢轴302。在多个实施例中,参见图53-56,端部执行器锁定构件300可以包括连接器部分320,该连接器部分320可以将锁定构件300固定到端部执行器106,并且参见图52,轴组件104可以包括枢轴连接器342,其中枢轴连接器342可以包括从其延伸的枢轴302。在多个实施例中,锁定构件300可以包括小孔301,该小孔301的尺寸和构造可以形成为在其中接纳枢轴302的至少一部分。在至少一个实施例中,枢轴302和小孔301可以被构造为使得端部执行器106能够绕轴线116自由地旋转。在其它多个实施例中,枢轴302和小孔301可以被构造为使得枢轴302和小孔301之间的摩擦可以抵抗(但是允许)端部执行器106和轴组件104之间的相对运动。尽管没有示出,但是铰接接头114可以包括不止一条轴线或枢轴,端部执行器106能够绕所述不止一条轴线或枢轴旋转。
在多个实施例中,通过将端部执行器106例如围绕外科位点推压靠着腔体侧壁并且向轴组件104施加力以使得端部执行器106绕轴线116枢转,外科医生可以使得端部执行器106相对于轴组件104进行铰接。之后,如果外科医生需要将端部执行器106重新对中,即沿着一条线取向端部执行器106和轴组件104,那么外科医生可以例如再次将端部执行器106靠着腔体侧壁放置并且向轴组件104施加力,如上所述。在多个实施例中,参见图51和图52,外科器械100可以包括重新对中机构,该重新对中机构可以使端部执行器106相对于轴组件104自动地重新对中或至少基本上重新对中。在多个实施例中,端部执行器锁定构件300可以包括对中表面316,细长轴组件104可以包括对中轴328和偏置构件330,其中偏置构件330可以被构造为靠着对中表面316偏置对中轴328。在至少一个这样的实施例中,对中表面316可以设置在轴线116的大致相对两侧上,使得对中轴328可以向锁定构件300施加基本上相等的扭矩或力矩,并且在没有额外激发力的情况下将端部执行器106保持在基本上对中的位置中。当端部执行器106如上所述通过这样的激发力进行铰接时,锁定构件300可以被构造为使对中轴328中的一个向近侧移位并且压缩与该对中轴328可操作地接合的偏置构件330。更具体地讲,偏置构件330可以定位在引导件331和从对中轴328延伸的至少一个凸起329之间,使得当凸起329通过轴328向近侧运动时,偏置构件330被压缩在两者间。在移除了激发力之后,被压缩的偏置构件330可以伸展并且经由对中轴328使锁定构件300旋转到其中心位置,或者旋转到由偏置构件330施加的扭矩基本上被平衡的位置。尽管偏置构件330示出为卷簧,但是偏置构件330可以包括任何合适的弹性构件。
在多个实施例中,锁定机构可以用来即使在激发力已经移除之后也能将端部执行器106保持在其铰接位置中。在至少一个实施例中,参见图53-56,端部执行器锁定构件300可以包括具有第一表面308的第一部分、具有第二表面304的第二部分、齿状物312和限定在齿状物312之间的凹槽314,其中如以下进一步更详细地描述的,齿状物312和凹槽314可以被构造为与轴组件锁定构件可操作地接合,以便固定或锁定端部执行器106和轴组件104之间的相对关系。在多个实施例中,齿状物312和凹槽314可以定位在第一表面308和第二表面304中间。在至少一个实施例中,第一表面308可以从小孔301延伸到第一周边310,第二表面304可以从小孔301延伸到第二周边306。在多个实施例中,第一周边310可以限定第一平面,第二周边306可以限定第二平面,其中齿状物312和凹槽314可以定位在第一平面和第二平面之间。在第一周边310与第二周边306不同的实施例中,齿状物312可以在两者间成角度地延伸或倾斜地延伸。在多个实施例中,齿状物312可以在比齿状物312与第二周边306相交的点更加远离轴线116的点处与第一周边310相交。在至少一个实施例中,齿状物312中的至少一个可以限定第一轴线313,该第一轴线313可以在第一表面308和第二表面304之间沿着不与第一表面308和/或旋转轴线116垂直的方向延伸。在这样的实施例中,齿状物312可以例如滑过定位成与铰接接头114相邻的软组织。换言之,由于齿状物112的成角度的或倾斜的表面,可以降低当端部执行器106进行铰接时齿状物112撞击或碰撞在围绕铰接接头114的软组织上的可能性。在至少一个实施例中,齿状物312可以不延伸超过第一周边310,使得例如在第一周边310的至少一部分与软组织接触的情况下,第一周边310和齿状物312可以如上相对于软组织容易地滑动。
除了上述之外,本发明的实施例还可以提供相对于之前的外科器械的显著优点。更具体地讲,参见图57,此前的端部执行器的铰接接头已经包括锁定构件,例如锁定构件299,该锁定构件299包括从锁定构件的周边向外延伸的齿状物298。因此,当端部执行器相对于外科器械的轴组件进行铰接时,齿状物298可能撞击或碰撞在围绕的软组织上并且可能导致该软组织创伤。在多种情形下,组织可以被捕获在相邻的齿状物298之间,使得当端部执行器进行铰接时,软组织可以被拉入到铰接接头中,并且可能会由于接头的相对运动分量而被夹疼。在本发明的锁定构件的齿状物成角度或倾斜的实施例中,如上所述且如图58所示,软组织可以更加容易地流过齿状物并且降低了软组织可被拉入到铰接接头中的可能性。
如上所述,参见图59-62,外科器械100还可以包括锁定构件120,该锁定构件120可以相对于端部执行器106滑动并且可以与端部执行器106可操作地接合,以防止或至少限制轴组件104和端部执行器106之间的相对运动。在至少一个实施例中,锁定构件120可以被构造为接合齿状物312中的至少一个,使得防止端部执行器106相对于锁定构件120运动。更具体地讲,锁定构件120可以包括端部338和轴部分340,其中端部338可以包括凹槽336,该凹槽336可以被构造为以紧配合或者甚至过盈配合关系接纳锁定构件300的齿状物312。在多个可供选择的实施例中,锁定部分338能够以与上述类似的紧配合或者过盈配合关系接纳在凹槽314中的至少一个内。在任一种情况下,外科器械100都还可以包括弹簧126,该弹簧126可以被构造为将锁定构件120偏置成与端部执行器锁定构件300接合。在凹槽336不与齿状物312对准的情况下,在至少一个实施例中,由弹簧126施加给锁定构件120的偏置力可以使得锁定构件120接触端部执行器锁定构件300并且使端部执行器锁定构件300绕轴线116旋转,直到齿状物312中的一个与凹槽336对准。在多个实施例中,弹簧126可以包括任何合适的偏置构件,该偏置构件包括螺旋弹簧、片簧或其它偏置材料。
在多个可供选择的实施例中,参见图63-67,外科器械可以包括端部执行器锁定构件350,该端部执行器锁定构件350包括小孔301、具有第一表面358的第一部分、具有第二表面354(图67)的第二部分以及连接器部分320。端部执行器锁定构件350还可以包括齿状物362和限定在齿状物362之间的凹槽364,其中在至少一个实施例中,齿状物362和凹槽364可以定位在第一表面358和第二表面354中间。在多个实施例中,参见图65-67,齿状物362可以不延伸超过第一表面358的第一周边357和/或第二表面354的第二周边353。在至少一个这样的实施例中,齿状物362可以完全定位或包含在第一表面358和第二表面354之间。在至少一个可供选择的实施例中,齿状物362可以从第一周边357和/或第二周边353部分地延伸。在多个实施例中,第一周边357和第二周边353之间可以限定外表面,其中凹槽364可以限定在该外表面中。由于上述特征,所以端部执行器锁定构件350可以相对于与铰接接头相邻的软组织滑动,而不撞击在软组织上。在多个实施例中,齿状物362可以是钝的或倒圆的,以进一步便于上述相对滑动。在至少一个实施例中,参见图63-65,锁定机构可以被构造为接合齿状物362和凹槽364中的至少一个,并且可以包括锁定构件382,该锁定构件382包括端部388和轴部分390。在至少一个实施例中,与上述类似,端部388可以包括凹槽394,该凹槽394可以被构造为例如接合齿状物362中的至少一个。
本发明的多个实施例还可以包括外科器械400,该外科器械400可以被构造为例如将外科缝钉插入到软组织中。外科器械400可以包括在上面所述的多个实施例中采用的许多部件。因此,关于这些部件的操作和构造的具体细节在这里将不再进一步讨论,除非需要解释外科器械400所采用的另外的独特的和新颖的特征。
参见图68-69,外科器械400可以包括柄部402、细长轴组件404和端部执行器406。在一个实施例中,端部执行器406还可以包括砧座412或第一钳口,该砧座412或第一钳口能够可枢转地连接到钉仓通道408或第二钳口,该钉仓通道408或第二钳口可以通过端部执行器闭合系统或闭合组件在打开和闭合位置或构造之间枢转。闭合系统可以包括例如驱动联接件430、驱动器432和闭合管434,并且除了下面讨论的不同之处以外,该闭合系统可以以上述各种方式操作。闭合管434可以被构造为以已知的方式与砧座412相互作用,使得随着闭合管434向远侧运动,闭合运动被施加到砧座412上。
在本发明的多个实施例中,闭合管434的运动可以借助闭合触发器428进行控制,该闭合触发器428可操作地安装到柄部402。更具体地且参照图69,闭合触发器428可以通过销429可枢转地连接到柄部组件402并且能够在“第一”打开位置和“第二”闭合位置之间运动。从图70也可以看出,闭合触发器428中还可以形成有驱动凹口500,该驱动凹口500与枢轴孔502相邻,以便于驱动联接件430通过接纳在枢轴孔502中的枢转销506而附着到其上。参见图73。驱动联接件430还能够可枢转地连接到驱动器432,使得闭合触发器428从第一位置到第二位置的旋转向远侧驱动该驱动联接件430,这也使驱动器432向远侧滑动。在多个实施例中,闭合管434与驱动器432可操作地接合,使得当驱动器432向远侧运动时,闭合管434向砧座412施加闭合运动。同样,当闭合触发器428从第二位置运动到第一位置时,驱动联接件430向近侧运动,这使得驱动器432同样向近侧滑动。随着驱动器432向近侧滑动,其使得闭合管434向砧座412施加打开运动。
在多个实施例中,闭合触发器428通常被打开弹簧486偏置到打开位置(图69和73)。在至少一个实施例中,打开弹簧486与驱动器432相互作用,以便沿近侧方向偏置驱动器432,由此使闭合触发器428运动到“第一”位置或打开位置。闭合触发器428到“第二”位置或闭合位置的运动压缩打开弹簧486,使得当外科医生释放触发器428时(除非其已经以另外的方式锁定就位),打开弹簧428将驱动器432和闭合触发器428偏置到打开位置。
外科器械400还可以包括触发器锁448,以用于将闭合触发器428锁定在其第一位置和第二位置中的至少一者中。更具体地且参照图74和图75,触发器锁448可以包括弓形颈杆部分449,该弓形颈杆部分449终止于锁定顶端部分600。触发器锁448能够经由销451可枢转地连接到柄部402的壳体403。参见图74。当如图73和图74所示地安装时,触发器锁弹簧450用于向触发器锁448提供偏置力,使得弓形颈杆部分449被偏置成与在闭合触发器428的枢转末端438上形成的凸轮表面440滑动接合。参见图70-73。在多个实施例中,至少一个凹口442设置在闭合触发器428的中断凸轮表面440的枢转末端438上。在所示的实施例中,凹口442对应于闭合触发器428的完全闭合(“第二”)位置,如图74所示。在可供选择的实施例中,可以设置有额外的凹口442,其中每一个凹口都对应于闭合触发器428(和砧座412)的特定位置。
在使用时,随着闭合触发器428朝向柄部握把427枢转,凸轮表面440沿着触发器锁448的弓形颈杆部分449行进,直到触发器锁448的锁定顶端部分600中接合凹口442中的一个。一旦锁定顶端部分600接合凹口442,闭合触发器428就保持在该对应的位置中。从而,例如在图74所示的实施例中,闭合触发器428通过触发器锁448保持在闭合位置中。这是因为打开弹簧428正在偏置闭合触发器428,从而迫使凹口442与锁定顶端部分600接合。在一个实施例中,锁定顶端部分600可以固定地保持在凹口442内,使得在触发器428能够通过打开弹簧486施加的力而运动到可选位置和/或返回到其第一位置之前,可能需要将触发器锁448与触发器428手动地脱开。例如,外科医生可以压下触发器锁448的按钮部分452,使得触发器锁448绕销451枢转并且锁定顶端部分600运动成不与打开触发器428中的凹口442接合。在其它多个实施例中,凹口442可以被构造为使得在向闭合触发器428施加力时锁定顶端部分600可以滑出凹口442。在任一种情况下,在锁定顶端部分600已经与凹口442脱开之后,外科医生都可以选择性地将闭合触发器428运动到可选位置或释放闭合触发器428,并且允许打开弹簧486例如使闭合触发器428返回到其第一位置。
在某些应用中,可能期望的是,当外科医生释放闭合触发器428或使锁定构件枢转到解锁位置时,控制闭合触发器428和砧座412和/或钉仓通道408返回到其相应打开位置的速度。这种减缓闭合触发器428和砧座412和/或钉仓通道408的打开可以降低和/或消除由砧座412和/或钉仓通道408的快速打开而导致的对围绕执行器406的组织的损伤。从而,本发明的多个实施例可以采用独特的且新颖的阻尼系统。
再次参见图69-73,本发明的一个阻尼系统实施例可以包括从闭合触发器428的枢转末端438延伸的凸起441。凸起441可以具有任何合适的横截面形状。然而,在所示的实施例中,凸起包括具有弓形形状的圆柱形活塞,其尺寸和形状形成为延伸到通路437中,该通路437设置在外科器械的柄部402中。在柄部402由两个壳体部分403、453形成的一个实施例中,通路437的一半可以形成在壳体403(图77)中,并且通路437的另一半可以形成在壳体453(图78)中。从而,当两个壳体部分403、453通过螺钉、卡扣特征等联接在一起时形成通路437。衬垫456或任何其它合适的流体密封装置都可以设置在壳体部分403、453之间,以形成基本上流体密封性的密封通路437。
在一个实施例中,凸起441的尺寸形成为通过第一开放末端455伸到通路437中。通路437还可以具有闭合的第二末端457,该闭合的第二末端457能够当凸起441由于闭合触发器428被偏置或以其它方式运动到打开位置而被迫伸入通路437中时限制从通路437排出的流体。在一个实施例中,可以穿过通路437的第二末端457设置有开口,以允许流体从通路437流到流体通路405,该流体通路405形成在柄部壳体403中,通向大气。流体可以是任何合适的流体,以用于减缓凸起441进入通路437中的向内运动,从而减缓闭合触发器428和砧座412和/或钉仓通道408的对应运动。在一个实施例中,流体可以是例如空气或任何其它合适的气体。在其它实施例中,流体可以是例如液压流体或任何其它合适的流体。第二末端457的开口可以小于在通路437的第一末端455处的开口。该开口可以形成在第二末端457中,或者可以形成在插入到第二末端457中的部分内。
在多个实施例中,凸起441的尺寸和形状可以相对于通路437形成为使得在凸起441和通路437的侧壁483之间形成基本上流体密封性的滑动密封。例如,在一个实施例中,至少一个O形环481可以设置在凸起441上或通路437的壁中,以实现这样的流体密封性的密封,同时仍然便于凸起441在通路437内的滑动行进。参见图73。
参见图79A-79B,阻尼系统的实施例可以包括阀401,该阀401定位成与通路437的第二末端457相邻。在一个实施例中,阀401可以包括挡板阀,该挡板阀的尺寸形成为覆盖通路437中的第一开口407。参见图79A。在多个实施例中,阀401可以包括阀本体418和合叶411。阀401还可以具有比第一开口407小的第二开口409。阀401能够在打开位置(图79A)和闭合位置(图79B)之间运动。例如,当闭合触发器428被致动以闭合砧座412和/或钉仓通道408时,阀401被牵拉到打开位置。随着凸起441沿向上的方向“UD”收回,空气被抽吸穿过流体通路405和开口407而进入通路437(由箭头do表示)。阀401到打开位置的这种运动允许利用来自阻尼系统的极小的或微小的拖曳来致动闭合触发器428。当闭合触发器428运动到打开位置并且凸起441向下运动到通路437中(由图79B中的箭头“DD”表示)时,处于凸起441和通路437的底部之间的空气迫使阀401运动到闭合位置。当阀401运动到图79B所示的闭合位置时,剩余的空气中的至少一部分可以通过阀401中的第二开口409离开通路437(由箭头dc表示)。阻尼系统的多个实施例还可以包括阀阻挡凸起413,该阀阻挡凸起413从通路437的侧壁483向内延伸,以用于限制阀本体418的打开行进。参见图79A。
图80示出了可供选择的阻尼系统实施例。从该图中可以看到,阻尼弹簧可以定位在通路内,以沿着与触发器428的闭合位置对应的向上方向“UD”偏置凸起441。阻尼弹簧494的力可以小于外科器械的打开弹簧486提供的力,使得触发器428通常不被偏置到闭合位置。因而,当外科医生从闭合位置释放闭合触发器428时,打开弹簧486将闭合触发器428偏置到打开位置。然而,阻尼弹簧494抵抗这样的运动,并且由此减缓闭合触发器428和砧座412的打开。
图81示出了本发明的另一个阻尼系统实施例。86,凸起441可以被构造为与可选的阻尼系统可操作地接合。在这个实施例中,囊状物495设置在通路437内。囊状物495可以沿着与触发器428的闭合位置对应的向上方向“UD”偏置凸起441。由囊状物495产生的偏置力可以小于由外科器械的打开弹簧486提供的力,使得触发器428通常不被偏置到闭合位置。因而,当外科医生从闭合位置释放闭合触发器428时,打开弹簧486将闭合触发器428偏置到打开位置。然而,囊状物495抵抗这样的运动,并且由此减缓闭合触发器428和砧座412的打开。囊状物495可以包含任何合适的流体,例如空气或液压流体。
外科器械400还可以包括击发驱动装置,该击发驱动装置能够如上所述使切割构件和/或缝钉驱动器在端部执行器内前进。在至少一个实施例中,击发驱动装置可以包括例如可以啮合地接合第一击发齿轮462的击发触发器460,该第一击发齿轮462与击发构件466啮合地相互作用。参照图82和图83。击发齿轮462可以包括两组齿轮齿状物470、471。在一个实施例中,击发触发器460上可以具有一系列齿状物469,这些齿状物469可以被构造为当击发触发器460绕销461从第一位置枢转到第二位置时可操作地接合击发齿轮462上的第一组齿状物470并且使击发齿轮462沿方向d1旋转。随着第一齿轮462旋转,与击发构件466啮合地接合的第二组齿轮齿状物471使得向远侧驱动击发构件466,这最终驱动设置在端部执行器406内的刀杆(未示出)或其它工具(图69)。当击发触发器460沿相反的方向枢转以使其返回到第一位置时,击发齿轮462借助齿轮齿状物469和470之间的接合而沿方向d2旋转,齿轮齿状物469和470之间的接合还沿近侧方向驱动击发构件以缩回刀杆。
本发明的多个实施例还可以包括击发触发器锁定系统,该击发触发器锁定系统防止器械400击发,除非闭合触发器被锁定在闭合位置。因而,在能够击发刀杆之前,器械的砧座必须保持在闭合位置中。例如,在一个实施例中,参见图78,击发齿轮462可以包括凹口498。凹口498可以一体地形成在第二齿轮468中。在一个实施例中,凹口498可以形成在单独的部分中,该单独的部分可以通过焊接、软焊或任何其它合适的附接方法附接到第二齿轮468。击发触发器锁定系统还可以包括可动锁定杆497,该可动锁定杆497具有远端490和近端491。参见图83。锁定杆497的远端490可以包括第一凹口492,该第一凹口492的尺寸形成为使得锁定杆497越过第二齿轮468的齿状物471。锁定杆497的近端491可以包括第二凹口499,该第二凹口499可以被构造为接合触发器锁448的从动部分650。当锁定杆497与击发齿轮462中的凹口498接合时,击发齿轮462不能旋转,因此该器械不能击发。当闭合触发器428已经闭合时,触发器锁448枢转到从动部分650与锁定杆497中的近侧凹口499脱开的位置。当锁定杆497和从动部分650已经脱开时,锁定杆497能够自由向近侧运动,以允许击发触发器460闭合,并且由此引起击发齿轮462的旋转,这使得该器械以上述方式击发。当击发触发器460返回到其打开位置,并且触发器锁448的按钮部分452已经被释放以允许闭合触发器428返回到其打开位置时,从动部分650可以再次接合锁定构件497,从而防止该装置被击发,除非闭合触发器428已经再次运动并且锁定在闭合位置中。
可将本发明所公开的装置设计为单次使用后即进行处理,或者可将它们设计为可多次使用。然而在任一种情况下,该装置均可重新恢复,以在至少一次使用后再次使用。重新恢复可包括如下步骤的任意组合:拆卸该装置、然后清洗或置换某些部分以及随后组装。具体地讲,该装置可以拆卸,并且可以任意组合选择性地置换或移除任意数目的某些部分或零件。清洗和/或置换某些部分后,该装置可以在重新恢复设施处重新组装以随后使用,或者在即将进行外科手术前由外科团队组装。本领域的技术人员将会知道,装置的重新恢复可利用多种用于组装、清洁/置换和重新组装的技术。这些技术的使用以及所得的修复装置均在本发明的范围内。
优选的是,在手术前处理本文所述的装置。首先,获取新的或用过的装置,并在必要时对装置进行清洁。然后对装置进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中,将该装置置于闭合并密封的容器中,例如塑料或TYVEK袋中。然后将容器和装置置于能够穿透该容器的辐射区,例如γ辐射、x-射线或高能电子。辐射将装置上和容器中的细菌杀死。然后将灭菌后的装置保存在消毒容器中。该密封容器将器械保持无菌,直到在医疗设备中打开该容器。
尽管已经将本发明作为示例性设计进行了描述,但还可以在本公开的精神和范围内对本发明进行修改。因此本专利申请旨在涵盖采用本发明一般原理的任何变型型式、用途或适应型式。此外,本专利申请旨在涵盖本发明所属领域中出自已知或惯有实践范围内的背离本公开的型式。

Claims (20)

1.一种外科器械,所述外科器械具有柄部,所述柄部可操作地连接到端部执行器,所述端部执行器具有端部执行器部分,所述端部执行器部分能够选择性地在打开位置和闭合位置之间运动,所述外科器械包括:
闭合系统,所述闭合系统与所述端部执行器部分可操作地相互作用,以选择性地将打开运动和闭合运动传递到所述端部执行器部分;
闭合触发器,所述闭合触发器活动地连接到所述柄部并且能够选择性地在第一位置和第二位置之间运动,所述闭合触发器与所述闭合系统相互作用,使得所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置到所述第二位置的运动使得所述闭合系统向所述活动的端部执行器部分施加所述闭合运动,并且其中所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置到所述第一位置的运动使得所述闭合系统向所述活动的端部执行器部分施加所述打开运动;和
阻尼系统,所述阻尼系统由所述柄部支承并且与所述闭合触发器相互作用,以在向所述闭合触发器施加致动力时延迟所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置到所述第一位置的运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述阻尼系统包括:
通路,所述通路形成在所述柄部中并且具有第一末端和闭合的第二末端,所述第一末端中具有第一开口;
凸起,所述凸起处于所述闭合触发器上,通过所述第一末端中的所述开口延伸到所述通路中,所述凸起的尺寸相对于所述通路形成为当所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置运动到所述第二位置时与所述通路形成基本上流体密封性的滑动密封;和
第二开口,所述第二开口穿过所述通路的所述闭合的第二末端,所述第二开口的尺寸形成为使得当所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置运动到所述第二位置时所述凸起和所述通路的所述闭合的第二末端之间的流体能够以预定的受控速率穿过所述第二开口。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述阻尼系统包括:通路,所述通路形成在所述柄部中并且具有第一末端和第二末端,所述第一末端中具有第一开口,所述第二末端中具有第二开口;
凸起,所述凸起处于所述闭合触发器上,通过所述第一末端中的所述开口延伸到所述通路中,所述凸起的尺寸相对于所述通路形成为当所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置运动到所述第二位置时与所述通路形成基本上流体密封性的滑动密封;和
活动的阀构件,所述活动的阀构件安装在所述通路内并且能够在第一阀位置和第二阀位置之间运动,在所述第一阀位置中,当所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置运动到所述第一位置时,所述活动的阀构件堵塞所述第二开口,当所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置运动到所述第二位置时,所述第二阀位置暴露所述第二开口;和
第三开口,所述第三开口处于所述阀构件中,所述第三开口小于所述第二开口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,还包括第一偏置构件,所述第一偏置构件处于所述壳体中,以用于在中止向所述闭合触发器施加所述致动力时,向所述闭合触发器施加第一偏置力,以将所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置偏置到所述第一位置,并且其中所述阻尼系统还包括:
通路,所述通路形成在所述柄部中并且具有第一末端和闭合的第二末端,所述第一末端中具有第一开口;
凸起,所述凸起处于所述闭合触发器上,通过所述第一末端中的所述开口延伸到所述通路中;和
第二偏置构件,所述第二偏置构件处于所述通路中所述凸起和所述闭合的第二末端之间,所述第二偏置构件向所述凸起施加第二偏置力,其中所述第二偏置力小于所述第一偏置力。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外科器械,其中所述第二偏置构件包括弹簧。
6.根据权利要求4所述的外科器械,其中所述第二偏置构件包括囊状物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,还包括触发器锁,所述触发器锁处于所述柄部上,以用于选择性地将所述闭合触发器锁定在所述第一位置和所述第二位置中的至少一者中。
8.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述外科器械还包括:击发构件,所述击发构件被活动地支承在所述端部执行器内;
击发系统,所述击发系统由所述柄部支承,并且与所述击发构件相互作用,以向所述击发构件提供击发运动;
击发触发器,所述击发触发器由所述柄部活动地支承在击发位置和非击发位置之间,并且与所述击发系统相互作用,以在向所述击发触发器施加另一个致动运动时使得所述击发系统向所述击发构件提供所述击发运动;和
触发器锁,所述触发器锁被可操作地支承在所述柄部上,并且与所述闭合触发器和所述击发触发器相互作用,以当所述闭合触发器没有保持在所述第二位置中时将所述击发触发器保持在所述非击发位置中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的外科器械,其中所述触发器锁能够选择性地将所述闭合触发器保持在所述第二位置中。
10.一种外科器械,包括:
柄部;
细长轴,所述细长轴连接到所述柄部;
端部执行器,所述端部执行器连接到所述细长轴,所述端部执行器包括:
第一钳口;和
第二钳口,其中在通过所述细长轴的闭合管部分向所述第一钳口施加打开运动和闭合运动时,所述第一钳口能够相对于
所述第二钳口在打开位置和闭合位置之间运动,所述外科器械还包括:
闭合系统,所述闭合系统由所述柄部支承,并且与所述闭合管部分可操作地相互作用,以选择性地将打开运动和闭合运动传递到所述闭合管部分;
闭合触发器,所述闭合触发器活动地连接到所述柄部并且能够选择性地在第一位置和第二位置之间运动,所述闭合触发器与所述闭合系统相互作用,使得所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置到所述第二位置的运动使得所述闭合触发器向所述闭合管部分施加所述闭合运动,并且其中所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置到所述第一位置的运动使得所述闭合系统向所述闭合管部分施加所述打开运动;和
阻尼系统,所述阻尼系统由所述柄部支承并且与所述闭合触发器相互作用,以在向所述闭合触发器施加致动力时,延迟所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置到所述第一位置的运动。
11.根据权利要求10所述的外科器械,其中所述阻尼系统包括:
通路,所述通路形成在所述柄部中并且具有第一末端和闭合的第二末端,所述第一末端中具有第一开口;
凸起,所述凸起处于所述闭合触发器上,通过所述第一末端中的所述开口延伸到所述通路中,所述凸起的尺寸相对于所述通路形成为当所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置运动到所述第二位置时与所述通路形成基本上流体密封性的滑动密封;和
第二开口,所述第二开口穿过所述通路的所述闭合的第二末端,所述第二开口的尺寸形成为使得当所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置运动到所述第二位置时所述凸起和所述通路的所述闭合的第二末端之间的流体能够以预定的受控速率穿过所述第二开口。
12.根据权利要求10所述的外科器械,其中所述阻尼系统包括:
通路,所述通路形成在所述柄部中并且具有第一末端和第二末端,所述第一末端中具有第一开口,所述第二末端中具有第二开口;
凸起,所述凸起处于所述闭合触发器上,通过所述第一末端中的所述开口延伸到所述通路中,所述凸起的尺寸相对于所述通路形成为当所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置运动到所述第二位置时与所述通路形成基本上流体密封性的滑动密封;和
活动的阀构件,所述活动的阀构件安装在所述通路内并且能够在第一阀位置和第二阀位置之间运动,在所述第一阀位置中,当所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置运动到所述第一位置时,所述活动的阀构件堵塞所述第二开口,当所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置运动到所述第二位置时,所述第二阀位置暴露所述第二开口;和
第三开口,所述第三开口处于所述阀构件中,所述第三开口小于所述第二开口。
13.根据权利要求10所述的外科器械,还包括第一偏置构件,所述第一偏置构件处于所述壳体中,以用于在中止向所述闭合触发器施加所述致动力时,向所述闭合触发器施加第一偏置力,以将所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置偏置到所述第一位置,并且其中所述阻尼系统还包括:
通路,所述通路形成在所述柄部中并且具有第一末端和闭合的第二末端,所述第一末端中具有第一开口;
凸起,所述凸起处于所述闭合触发器上,通过所述第一末端中的所述开口延伸到所述通路中;和
第二偏置构件,所述第二偏置构件处于所述通路中所述凸起和所述闭合的第二末端之间,所述第二偏置构件向所述凸起施加第二偏置力,其中所述第二偏置力小于所述第一偏置力。
14.根据权利要求13所述的外科器械,其中所述第二偏置构件包括弹簧。
15.根据权利要求13所述的外科器械,其中所述第二偏置构件包括囊状物。
16.根据权利要求10所述的外科器械,还包括触发器锁,所述触发器锁处于所述柄部上,以用于选择性地将所述闭合触发器锁定在所述第一位置和所述第二位置中的至少一者中。
17.根据权利要求10所述的外科器械,其中所述外科器械还包括:击发构件,所述击发构件被活动地支承在所述端部执行器内;
击发系统,所述击发系统由所述柄部支承,并且与所述击发构件相互作用,以向所述击发构件提供击发运动;
击发触发器,所述击发触发器由所述柄部活动地支承在击发位置和非击发位置之间,并且与所述击发系统相互作用,以在向所述击发触发器施加另一个致动运动时使得所述击发系统向所述击发构件提供所述击发运动;和
触发器锁,所述触发器锁被可操作地支承在所述柄部上,并且与所述闭合触发器和所述击发触发器相互作用,以当所述闭合触发器没有保持在所述第二位置中时将所述击发触发器保持在所述非击发位置中。
18.一种外科器械,包括:
柄部;
细长轴,所述细长轴连接到所述柄部;
端部执行器,所述端部执行器连接到所述细长轴,所述端部执行器包括:
第一钳口;和
第二钳口,其中在通过所述细长轴的闭合管部分向所述第一钳口施加打开运动和闭合运动时,所述第一钳口能够相对于所述第二钳口在打开位置和闭合位置之间运动,所述外科器械还包括:
闭合系统,所述闭合系统由所述柄部支承,并且与所述闭合管部分可操作地相互作用,以选择性地将打开运动和闭合运动传递到所述闭合管部分;
闭合触发器,所述闭合触发器活动地连接到所述柄部并且能够选择性地在第一位置和第二位置之间运动,所述闭合触发器与所述闭合系统相互作用,使得所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置到所述第二位置的运动使得所述闭合触发器向所述闭合管部分施加所述闭合运动,并且其中所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置到所述第一位置的运动使得所述闭合系统向所述闭合管部分施加所述打开运动;和
阻尼系统,所述阻尼系统由所述柄部支承并且与所述闭合触发器相互作用,以在向所述闭合触发器施加致动力时,延迟所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置到所述第一位置的运动,所述阻尼系统包括形成在所述柄部中的通路,所述通路具有第一末端和第二末端,所述第一末端中具有第一开口,所述阻尼系统包括凸起,所述凸起处于所述闭合触发器上,通过所述第一末端中的所述开口延伸到所述通路中。
19.根据权利要求18所述的外科器械,其中所述阻尼系统包括:
所述通路的所述第二末端中具有第二开口;
所述凸起的尺寸相对于所述通路形成为当所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置运动到所述第二位置时与所述通路形成基本上流体密封性的滑动密封;和
活动的阀构件,所述活动的阀构件安装在所述通路内并且能够在第一阀位置和第二阀位置之间运动,在所述第一阀位置中,当所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置运动到所述第一位置时,所述活动的阀构件堵塞所述第二开口,当所述闭合触发器从所述第一位置运动到所述第二位置时,所述第二阀位置暴露所述第二开口;和
第三开口,所述第三开口处于所述阀构件中,所述第三开口小于所述第二开口。
20.根据权利要求18所述的外科器械,还包括第一偏置构件,所述第一偏置构件处于所述壳体中,以用于在中止向所述闭合触发器施加所述致动力时向所述闭合触发器施加第一偏置力,以将所述闭合触发器从所述第二位置偏置到所述第一位置,并且其中所述阻尼系统还包括:
第二偏置构件,所述第二偏置构件处于所述通路中所述凸起和所述第二末端之间,所述第二偏置构件向所述凸起施加第二偏置力,其中所述第二偏置力小于所述第一偏置力。
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