CN102740516B - 用于复杂造型表面的加热装置 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
- H05B3/345—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles knitted fabrics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
- B60H1/2227—Electric heaters incorporated in vehicle trim components, e.g. panels or linings
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
- H05B3/347—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles woven fabrics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/004—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using zigzag layout
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
- H05B2203/015—Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
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- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
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- Resistance Heating (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于对表面进行调温的电调温装置(10)。本发明提出,所述调温装置(10)具有至少一个热分配装置(6),所述热分配装置至少覆盖待调温的表面(3)的部分。
Description
发明领域
本发明的主题是如权利要求1前序部分所述的调温装置。
技术领域
加热装置、特别是电加热元件和加热导体经常受到很强的机械负荷。同时它们必须可快速且简单地装配。因此存在对于适当地满足一个或多个所述要求的技术方案的需求。
发明内容
在该背景下提出了一种具有权利要求1特征的技术方案。从另外的权利要求和下述说明中可得出另外的有利构型。
本发明特别是简化了调温装置在具有复杂表面的物体上的装配。
本发明特别适合为所有拱曲的或勾画有轮廓的表面所应用,尤其是用于交通工具座位、方向盘、座垫、乘客车厢的包衬元件、沙发椅或例如办公室陈设、电池组加热装置、机翼、油箱、液体-、气体-和其它流体管道(例如食品,化学品)。
附图说明
下面描述本发明的细节。这些实施方式可使本发明容易理解。但这些实施方式仅仅具有示例性特征。不言而喻,在通过独立权利要求定义的发明的范围之内也可删除、改变或者补充单个或多个所描述的特征。不言而喻,不同实施方式的特征也可相互组合。重要的是,本发明的方案基本上被转化。如果要至少部分地满足一个特征,则这包括也完全满足或基本上完全满足该特征。“基本上”在此尤其是意味着,所述转化允许以明显程度实现期望的利用。这尤其是可意味着,至少50%、90%、95%或99%地满足一个相应的特征。不言而喻,如果给出一个最小量,则也可使用比该最小量多的量。当构件的数量以至少一个给出时,则这特别是也包含具有两个、三个或其他数量构件的实施方式。对于一个物体的描述也可以应用于所有其他同类物体的大部分或整体。如果没有给出其他的情况,则区间包括其边界点。
在下面涉及:
图1是机动车的部分纵截面图,
图2是具有加热电阻和热分配装置的面状电加热装置的俯视图,
图3是具有按照图2的加热装置的转向装置的横截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出的是交通工具100。在此它例如可以是飞机、轨道车辆、船或如这里那样是机动车。
交通工具100具有至少一个待调温的物体110。对此,尤其理解为乘客室的使用者可以与之接触的所有构件,例如交通工具的转向装置、方向盘、仪表盘、扶手、门衬、座垫、热盖板、交通工具顶棚、靠垫、护套或座位。但是,也可以是电池组、流体管道、镜子、油箱、存储容器或类似物。
待调温的物体110优选具有至少一个调温装置10。对于调温装置理解为任何用于有针对性的改变其周围环境中的温度的装置、例如具有至少一个加热电阻、热泵、帕尔帖元件和/或空气运动装置例如风扇的设备。
图2示出的是调温装置10的一种实施方式。在此该调温装置构造为面状、柔性的加热元件。调温装置10可例如作为内置件集成在内饰物体例如座椅或方向盘的靠垫中。
调温装置10和/或待调温的物体110优选具有至少一个承载件102。这个承载件优选为面状并且至少部分地由纺织物、针织物、编织物、编结物、无纺布、可弯的热塑性塑料、透气材料和/或例如冲压或打结的箔构成。纺织物是由线或纤维构成的面状构成物。
优选至少一个承载件102具有带状的干区段103。在干区段103上设有多个叶区段104。所述叶区段优选与所述干区段一体地构成。但是它们也可以事后被增补。优选所述叶区段104与所述干区段103布置在同一平面中,但是它们也可以布置在与其平行延伸的平面中。这允许通过稳定的中间接片简单地操纵所述调温装置10。此外这还允许加热电阻114得到支撑,即使其具有螺旋的延伸走向。
叶区段104可以全都布置在所述干区段103的同一侧上。这允许简化装配,因为所有的叶区段104可以在同一个方向上脱下。但是优选干区段103在其两个纵棱边上都设有叶区段104。优选多个叶区段104至少在所述承载件102的一个区段A、B、C中以交替的布置方式设置。这指的是关于所述干区段103的纵轴线特别是不对称地布置。特别合适的例如是叶区段104的尖端和/或叶区段104的延长部交替错位地布置。
干区段103具有至少一个区段D、E,在所述区段中,所述叶区段104的至少一部分对称地布置。对称布置是指叶区段104在所述承载件102的干区段103上特别是至少以区段的方式对称布置。特别合适的例如是叶区段104的延长部或尖端彼此对称地布置。这允许例如在方向盘的接片区域中实现良好的遮盖。
优选至少一个叶区段104具有空槽105。所述空槽优选布置在所述叶区段104的中间区域中。这允许所述叶区段104在不形成折叠部的情况下围绕弯曲轴线(即使在干区段103围绕另外的弯曲轴线弯曲的情况下)弯曲。
优选所述承载件102至少部分地由具有细孔、网眼、穿孔等的材料构成。这实现了小重量以及在承载件102的抗拉强度高的情况下允许良好的导热性。特别合适的是打孔的箔或网状的编织物。
优选所述承载件102至少区段地由电绝缘的材料构成。这允许使用不绝缘的加热电阻和成本有利的材料。
调温装置10具有特别是至少一个加热电阻114,所述加热电阻布置在承载件102旁、上和/或中。优选设置加热股形式的多芯加热电阻114,其芯优选相互扭绞地彼此电并联地布置。至少一个加热电阻114在承载件102上的固定例如通过粘接剂局部地或全面地进行。加热电阻114具有100Ω/m至1000Ω/m、更好100至800Ω/m、更好300至500Ω/m的电阻。加热电阻优选至少部分地由具有PTC特性的材料构成。优选是绞合线。如果加热电阻形成导体回线或者具有输出导体和反馈导体(它们在一个端部上短接)的股,则加热电阻只需要在一个唯一的方向盘位置上接触接通。
优选加热电阻114至少区段地沿着所述承载件102的中轴线布置。这样做的目的是节省材料和尽可能小的机械变形。
优选加热电阻114蜿蜒曲折地布置。优选所述加热电阻至少区段地也延伸到叶区段104中。优选所述加热电阻至少区段地相对于所述承载件102的边缘以不变地距离布置。即所述加热电阻至少区段地跟随所述承载件102的外轮廓。这例如在叶区段104交替布置的情况下是符合目的要求的。在此,加热电阻14的蜿蜒曲折的延伸走向可与叶区段104的交替布置和谐一致。加热电阻114可至少区段地也这样构成,使得其不跟随所述承载件102的外轮廓。这例如在叶区段104的交替布置的情况下是有意义的,以便能够利用一个加热股扫过所有的叶区段104。
可以规定,在承载件102上设置至少两个加热电阻114。这引起更高的可靠性、使用适当的加热电阻114给调温元件的两个边缘区段中的相应一个进行供给并且通过在特定的区内个别地调节加热功率对不同的区不同地进行调温。
可以规定,沿着承载件102的干区段103设置至少两个彼此平行的加热电阻114。
优选调温装置10具有至少一个扁平的热分配装置6。对此特别合适的特别是具有金属部分例如铝的层、箔或板。优选在加热电阻114的上侧和下侧上分别设置一个例如由铝箔制成的例如呈导热层形式的热分配装置6、6′,导热层的厚度例如在0.01至0.5mm、优选0.1至0.2mm之间。热分配装置6突出于加热电阻114并且在突出区域中例如利用粘接材料或胶带彼此固定。由此实现从加热电阻114向热分配装置6的特别良好的传热。
优选至少一个热分配装置6具有带状的干区段103′。在该干区段103′上设置多个叶区段104′。所述叶区段优选与所述干区段103′一体地构成。但是它们也可以事后被增补。优选这些叶区段104′与所述干区段103′布置在同一个平面中,但是它们也可以布置在一个与其平行延伸的平面中。这允许通过稳定的中间接片简单地操纵所述加热元件。
这些叶区段104′可全都布置在所述干区段103′的同一侧上。但是优选一个干区段103′在其两个纵棱边上设有叶区段104′。这由于加热电阻114与所述叶区段104′的尖端之间的较小距离允许实现改善的热分布。
在其他方面,导热装置6、6′的结构类似于所述承载件。
优选热分配装置6至少部分地由能够良好导热的材料构成。特别合适的是打孔的箔或网状的编织物。
优选至少一个热分配装置6接地,以便屏蔽电磁场并且在电流回路中出现故障时附加地保护使用人员。
优选至少一个热分配装置6与所述承载件102相同地或与其重合地布置。优选所有的热分配装置6彼此重合地布置。有利的是,至少一个纺织物承载件和至少一个金属的热分配装置与至少一个嵌入其间的加热导体形成三明治结构,其中,所述纺织物承载件比热分配元件更靠近待调温表面布置,以便实现靠垫作用。但是也可以提出,所述纺织物承载件向着方向盘芯并且热分配装置向着方向盘表面,以便向方向盘表面实现更好的热传导。为了确保高触摸舒适性也可以在两个纺织物或两个承载件102之间设置热分配装置。
可以规定,一个热分配装置6′具有至少一个叶区段104′,其在其相对于该叶区段104′的中轴线的距离方面比至少一个在其纵轴线方面重合布置的第二热分配装置6短。这允许在与距加热电阻114有间距地布置的区域足够地热交换的同时节省材料。
调温装置10有意义地具有温度传感器,其例如在超过60℃温度的情况下中断向加热电阻114的电流供应。所述温度传感器例如可以是恒温器。附加或替代加热电阻114地,可以设置一个或多个帕尔贴元件,它们用于对所述热分配装置6进行冷却。
优选调温装置10具有至少一个热分配装置6,其至少区段地并且至少部分地包围一加热电阻114。在横截面中观察,优选所述热分配装置6包围加热电阻114的圆周的至少50%、优选特别是70%、优选90%。
优选加热电阻114布置在至少两个热分配装置6、6′之间。通过大的接触面在加热电阻114与热分配装置6、6′之间得到高的热传导。优选在所述加热电阻114与至少一个热分配装置6之间设置至少一个绝缘装置。所述绝缘装置例如可以作为绝缘层设置在加热电阻114上。至少一个热分配装置6、6′也可以被涂以绝缘层。优选至少两个热分配装置6、6′利用至少一种布置在其间的粘性材料彼此连接。特别合适的是双侧作用的胶带或喷胶。
可以规定,至少两个热分配装置6、6′至少区段地力锁合和/或形状锁合地彼此连接。这例如通过突瘤和空槽的压制或者通过彼此压制进行。在这种区域中有利的可以是,放弃粘接材料,特别是当在那里出现高温时。
调温装置10的制造优选以下述步骤进行:
a)设置面状的承载体102和/或热分配装置6;
b)在所述承载件102/热分配装置6上至少局部地布置粘性物质;
c)将至少一个加热电阻114布置在所述承载件102上;
d)利用另外的承载件102和/或热分配装置6′覆盖所述加热电阻114;
e)冲压所述调温装置10的外轮廓。
但是也可以的是,将制造步骤彼此交换并且例如将加热电阻114铺设在外轮廓已经被处理过(裁剪过)的承载件102上。
现在,调温装置10可以这样布置,使得待加热的表面尽可能均匀地变热。在此有利的是,这样设计所述表面,使得加热电阻114、热分配装置、面状承载件或其他具有较大厚度的部件沉降到相应的凹陷部107中,以便实现例如护套50的均匀的表面轮廓。优选这种凹陷部107的厚度和宽度设计得比待沉降的构件的相应厚度或宽度尺寸稍大。
在加热或冷却时无需用加热电阻114或冷却元件涂盖整个待调温的表面。相反可以在适当的位置上进行相应的加热/冷却并且将在那里供入到热分配装置6或从中取出的热通过所述热分配装置6均匀地施加在待调温的表面上。
参考标号表
Claims (2)
1.用于对表面进行调温的电调温装置(10),所述调温装置(10)具有至少一个热分配装置(6),所述热分配装置至少覆盖待调温的表面(3)的部分,所述调温装置(10)具有至少一个加热电阻(114),所述至少一个加热电阻(114)被布置在热分配装置(6)上,所述热分配装置(6)是柔性金属层并且至少部分地突出超过所述加热电阻(114)的侧面,以便覆盖一大于所述加热电阻(114)的基面的面,所述热分配装置(6)具有带状的干区段(103'),在干区段(103')上设置多个叶区段(104'),所述加热电阻是绞合线,所述加热电阻是蜿蜒的,所述叶区段以交替方式附着到所述带状的干区段,所述加热电阻的蜿蜒轮廓被交替的叶区段所覆盖,其特征在于,所述电调温装置(10)是方向盘加热器,所述热分配装置的所述柔性金属层设置有胶带,在所述加热电阻(114)与至少一个热分配装置之间存在绝缘装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的调温装置(10),其特征在于,所述调温装置(10)具有至少一个电冷却元件。
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-
2012
- 2012-01-20 DE DE102012000977A patent/DE102012000977A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-07 KR KR1020120023400A patent/KR101324054B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-03-28 US US13/432,210 patent/US9468045B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-04-06 JP JP2012087450A patent/JP2012218734A/ja active Pending
- 2012-04-06 CN CN201210100201.XA patent/CN102740516B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2014
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Also Published As
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US9468045B2 (en) | 2016-10-11 |
JP6162647B2 (ja) | 2017-07-12 |
KR20120114154A (ko) | 2012-10-16 |
JP2012218734A (ja) | 2012-11-12 |
KR101324054B1 (ko) | 2013-11-01 |
US20120255944A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
CN102740516A (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
JP2014221634A (ja) | 2014-11-27 |
DE102012000977A1 (de) | 2012-10-11 |
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