CN102714891B - 用于具有高电压电气系统的车辆的电加热装置 - Google Patents

用于具有高电压电气系统的车辆的电加热装置 Download PDF

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CN102714891B
CN102714891B CN201180005446.8A CN201180005446A CN102714891B CN 102714891 B CN102714891 B CN 102714891B CN 201180005446 A CN201180005446 A CN 201180005446A CN 102714891 B CN102714891 B CN 102714891B
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heater
rib structure
guide rail
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CN102714891A (zh
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A.弗洛因德
H-J.里尔格
J.莫利托
M.赫曼
M.马祖里克
M.艾达姆
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Valeo Klimasysteme GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2225Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00Air heaters
    • F24H3/02Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429For vehicles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00Air heaters
    • F24H3/02Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00Air heaters
    • F24H3/02Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452Frame constructions
    • F24H3/0458One-piece frames
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2228Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant controlling the operation of heaters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268Constructional features
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2278Connectors, water supply, housing, mounting brackets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)

Abstract

在加热装置中,使用了布置在摆放为彼此相对的电流导轨之间的PTC加热元件,经由电流导轨通过来自控制电子单元的供电电流为所述PTC加热元件供电。金属加热肋结构经由电绝缘但导热的联接层而分别连接到一个电流导轨。要被加热的空气流动通过具有波浪形状的加热肋结构。金属加热肋结构电连接到车辆固件,并因此形成屏蔽件,所述屏蔽件在不阻碍空气流动的情况下消除了电磁干扰辐射的发射。

Description

用于具有高电压电气系统的车辆的电加热装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于具有高电压电气系统的车辆的电加热装置。
背景技术
具有电动推进或混合动力推进的车辆也需要加热系统,用于当外部温度较低时控制车舱的温度。热能来自电加热装置,所述电加热装置通过来自车辆的电气系统的电被供电。这些加热装置由相同的加热单元的堆叠结构构成,要被加热的空气流动通过所述堆叠结构。在加热装置中,使用了PTC加热元件,所述加热元件布置在对着彼此延伸的电流导轨之间,这意味着电阻元件具有正温度系数,所述PTC加热元件通过来自控制电子单元的供电电流被供电。金属加热肋结构借助电绝缘但导热的联接层而分别联接到每一个电流导轨。要被加热的空气流动通过具有波浪形状的加热肋结构。加热肋结构与电流导轨的电绝缘是必要的,这是由于采自车辆的高电压电气系统的电压具有对人类危险的高水平。因此,在已知的该类型的电加热装置中,加热肋结构是无电势的。
但是,为了控制热输出,开关供电电流通过控制电子单元供送到PTC加热元件。开关操作产生陡前沿脉冲边缘,其构成供电电流的高频交流分量。由于这些高频交流分量,所有带电部件成为辐射体,所述辐射体总共发出可观量的电磁干扰辐射。此外,来自其他车辆单元的车载网络的高频干扰分量已经存在于用于PTC加热元件的供电电流中,并可以还经由加热装置的带电部件辐射。该干扰辐射可以危及车辆中的其他系统的安全功能以及显著影响例如收音机的接收装置。
原则上,可以用金属格栅形式的电磁屏蔽件围绕加热装置的辐射相关的部件。然而,由于格栅必须位于要被加热的空气的流动路径内,这使得会必须通过增加鼓风机动力来补偿流动损失。
发明内容
因此本发明的目标是使得在不使用围绕的金属格栅的情况下获得加热装置的电磁屏蔽。
这以令人惊讶地简单方式在开始提到的类型的加热装置中借助于金属加热肋结构电连接到固定的基准电势(特别是车辆固件)而实现。词汇车辆固件应被理解为车辆的以导电方式连接到车辆金属结构的电气系统(即,大体上连接到其负低电压(电12V系统)极)的基准电势。则将是金属加热肋结构将实现加热装置的电磁屏蔽,这是由于它们在PTC加热元件的两侧上围绕加热装置的辐射相关的部件。
控制电子单元也是电磁干扰辐射源。因此,在优选实施例中,控制电子单元被壳体围绕,所述壳体形成电磁屏蔽件并还电连接到固定的基准电势和/或车辆固件。由于控制电子单元会便利地布置为紧邻加热装置,控制电子单元的壳体优选地直接连接到金属加热肋结构。
在本发明的进一步开发中,提出了还借助电连接到车辆固件的金属屏蔽条带来电磁屏蔽加热装置的层结构的窄侧,该层结构包括PTC加热元件、电流导轨和联接层。
根据有利实施例,电磁屏蔽的“密度”的进一步提升借助于分别将一个金属屏蔽层布置在联接层和加热肋结构之间而实现,所述屏蔽层电联接并热联接到所述联接层和加热肋结构。由于金属屏蔽条带与分别在每一窄侧的两个屏蔽层形成连续屏蔽结构,实现了更加完整的电磁包封,这是由于屏蔽层连同控制电子单元的壳体一起形成连续且封闭的屏蔽结构,但是在任何情况下与壳体持续的电连接。
附图说明
本发明的进一步特征和优势将通过参考附图的几个实施例的以下详细描述而更明显,在附图中:
图1示出电加热装置的第一实施例的示意性透视图;
图2a示出第一实施例的纵截面的视图;
图2b示出沿图2a中的线IIb-IIb的横截面视图;
图3示出电加热装置的第二实施例的示意性透视图;
图4a示出第二实施例的纵截面的视图;
图4b示出沿第二实施例的图4a中的线IVb-IVb的横截面视图;
图5示出电加热装置的第三实施例的示意性透视图;
图6a示出第三实施例的纵截面的视图;和
图6b示出沿图6a中的线VIb-Vib的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
在电加热装置的各实施例中,使用了具有矩形框架10和控制块12的相同基础设计,所述控制块12布置在框架10的侧表面上。在框架10内,多个PTC加热元件,所谓的“PTC石”,布置在多个加热表面中的电流导轨上,所述加热表面彼此间隔开。图1示出五个这样的加热表面;它们称为14a...14e。在加热表面14a...14e的任意侧上,金属的波浪加热肋结构16a...16f连续地布置。要被加热的空气流动通过这些加热肋结构16a...16f。控制块12围绕控制电子设备,所述控制电子设备具有位于外部的电端子12a和信号端子12b。其上定位有PTC石的电流导轨延伸到控制块12中,如可从图2看到的,并在其中连接到控制电子设备。
如在图2a所示的,平坦的PTC石20在两个电流导轨22、24之间靠近彼此地放置,所述PTC石之间有微小的距离,所述电流导轨可以形成为实心金属板。每一个电流导轨22、24在突出到控制块12中的一端(在图2a中仅示出了控制块12的一个壳体壁26)处连接到控制电子单元所施加的供电电压的极。由于PTC石20从车辆的高电压电气系统被供电,需要特定的电绝缘措施。因此,绝缘板28和30分别设置在电流导轨22、24的外部的顶部上,以便使布置在其上的加热肋结构16a、16b电绝缘。所有窄的面也被电绝缘材料覆盖。在图2a中,电流导轨22、24的突出到控制块12中的端部被绝缘元件32电绝缘,且相对的端部被绝缘条带34电绝缘。
为了屏蔽抵抗电磁干扰辐射,已经采取了多种措施。在一方面,控制块12的壳体壁26由实心金属板制成,或至少被金属涂布和连接到车辆固件。在另一方面,加热肋结构16还电连接到车辆固件。将加热肋结构16连接到车辆固件的简单方式是将相邻于控制块12的端部电连接到其屏蔽件。由于因此形成的电磁屏蔽件,任何自PTC石20的平坦侧以及自控制块12的内部出现的干扰辐射即使未被消除也至少被大大地减少。
图3和4所示的实施例是目标在于设计出更加有效的电磁屏蔽的另一实施例。为了该目的,电流导轨22、24的覆盖有绝缘条带34的端部也设置有屏蔽件,这里为在外部覆盖绝缘条带34的金属条带的形式,所述金属条带在其窄侧以导电方式连接到加热肋结构16a、16b。以同样的方式,如图4b所示,侧向绝缘条带35和37在外侧被金属条带42、44覆盖,所述金属条带42、44电连接到加热肋结构16a、16b。因此,PTC石在所有侧上均被包封且被电磁屏蔽。
图5和6中示出了进一步的配置水平。在该实施例中,电磁屏蔽的效力更进一步地提升。这通过将一个金属板46或48分别插入在加热肋结构16a、16b和相邻的联接层或绝缘板28、30之间实现。金属板46、48侧向地连接到金属条带42、44,或与其以及与控制块12的壳体壁26一体地形成。在该实施例中,所有电磁辐射部件被包封,由此干扰辐射的任何出现实际上被完全消除。

Claims (5)

1.一种电加热装置,用于具有高电压电气系统的车辆,所述装置包括PTC加热元件,所述PTC加热元件布置在对着彼此的电流导轨之间,所述加热元件经由电流导轨通过来自控制电子单元的供电电流被供电,并且所述装置具有金属加热肋结构,每一个金属加热肋结构经由电绝缘但导热的联接层而连接到电流导轨中的一个,
其特征在于,金属加热肋结构电连接到固定的基准电势,且
控制电子单元被壳体围绕,所述壳体具有连接到固定的基准电势的电屏蔽件,且
加热肋结构电联接到壳体的金属屏蔽件,且其中,
包括PTC加热元件、电流导轨和联接层的层结构的窄侧覆盖有金属屏蔽条带,所述金属屏蔽条带电连接到固定的基准电势,并且
电绝缘件插入在电流导轨的窄侧和屏蔽条带之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的加热装置,其特征在于,在每一个联接层和加热肋结构之间,分别有一个金属屏蔽层布置为与其电联接且热联接。
3.如权利要求2所述的加热装置,其特征在于,金属屏蔽条带与相应的两个金属屏蔽层形成连续的屏蔽结构。
4.如权利要求3所述的加热装置,其特征在于,屏蔽层与控制电子单元的壳体形成连续的屏蔽结构。
5.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的加热装置,其特征在于,固定的基准电势是车辆固件。
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US9259991B2 (en) 2016-02-16
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EP2522195A1 (en) 2012-11-14
CA2786334A1 (en) 2011-07-14
US20130134151A1 (en) 2013-05-30
CA2786334C (en) 2018-01-02
JP5819317B2 (ja) 2015-11-24
EP2522195B1 (en) 2017-11-29
DE102010004034A1 (de) 2011-07-07
JP2013516351A (ja) 2013-05-13
WO2011083115A1 (en) 2011-07-14
KR20120099480A (ko) 2012-09-10

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