CN103687105B - 电的加热装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电的加热装置（10），具有至少一个电的加热电阻（12）和至少一个接触装置（13）。
Description
技术领域
本发明的主题是一种电的加热装置。它例如可以在使用者接触面如座椅、扶手和方向盘的加热中使用。
现有技术
已知纺织的加热元件。缺点是用于其制造的费用非常高。
此外，已知具有能导电的印刷层的薄膜加热元件。其缺点是，这样的加热元件经常不能胜任在野外使用。
因此，值得期望的是，尤其在简单制造和高稳定性方面进一步改进现有技术。
发明内容
在这种背景下提出根据本发明的技术构思。另外的有利构型可由另外的权利要求和以下说明书得出。
根据本发明提出一种电的加热装置，所述加热装置具有至少一个电的加热电阻和至少一个接触装置。
有利的是，所述加热电阻至少部分地由可燃的材料制成，并且，所述加热装置具有至少一个阻燃装置。
有利的是，所述加热电阻设置有至少一个阻燃空隙。
有利的是，所述加热电阻设置有至少一个阻燃块，该阻燃块至少部分地由不可燃的或者自熄灭的材料构成。
有利的是，所述接触装置具有一主电极和多个从该主电极分支出的分支电极。
有利的是，至少一个接触装置具有至少两个至少区段式地相互重合的导电层。
有利的是，所述接触装置具有至少一个自支承(selbsttragendes)的带，所述带粘接到一电的加热电阻上。
有利的是，所述接触装置具有带第一导电材料的主电极,并且，所述接触装置具有从所述主电极分支出的分支电极，所述分支电极至少部分地由在化学上与所述主电极的所述第一导电材料不同的第二导电材料构成。
本发明还涉及一种空调装置，其具有至少一个根据本发明的加热装置。
本发明还涉及一种车，其具有至少一个根据本发明的加热装置。
以下阐明本发明的细节。这些实施方案可使本发明易于理解。然而，它们仅具有示例特性。当然，在本发明的由从属权利要求定义的范围之内也可去掉、改变或者补充个别或者多个所描述的特征。当然，也可以将不同实施方式的特征相互结合。重要的是，本发明的方案被基本上实施。如果一个特征应当至少部分满足，则这也包括，该特征被完全或者基本上完全满足。在此，“基本上”尤其意味着，该实施能够以可见的程度达到所希望的效果。这尤其可以意味着，相应的特征被至少50％、90％、95％或者99％地满足。如果给出了最小量，则当然也可以在该最小量以上使用。如果构件的数量以至少一个提出，则这也尤其包含具有两个、三个或者其他大量构件的实施方式。对于一个对象所说明的内容也可以应用到所有其他同类对象的绝大部分上或者全部上。只要没有其他说明，则区间包含其边界点。
附图说明
下面参考：
图1具有根据本发明的加热装置10的运输工具。
图2具有用于连接主电极与加热电阻的不同方案的加热装置的俯视图。
图3图2的加热装置的俯视图，没有接触装置。
具体实施方式
本发明还涉及运输工具1。运输工具1指运输人和/或物品的装置。例如陆运工具、水运工具、轨道运输工具和空运工具，尤其是飞机、轮船和机动车。
此外，本发明涉及内部装置2。内部装置2指一构件，座舱的使用者能够与该构件相接触。例如用于该运输工具的转向装置3、仪表板30、扶手、门饰板、座椅套、加热顶蓬、运输工具天花板、靠垫、罩或者座椅4。
本发明的一实施方式还涉及转向装置3。转向装置3指一装置，用于使该运输工具转向的信号可通过该装置从使用者传递给运输工具。例如机动车的方向盘、飞机的操纵杆或者摩托车的方向杆。
内部装置2优选具有用于弹动地支撑使用者的靠垫44。靠垫指用于阻尼撞击和/或用于将局部压力峰值分配到较大面积上的装置。例如由发泡的聚氨酯制成的块。
内部装置2优选具有罩45。罩指单层或者多层的扁平构造物，该扁平构造物至少区段式地布置在物品的表面上和/或至少部分地遮盖该物品，尤其为了装饰该物品和/或保护该物品免受机械负载。例如有孔的或者无孔的以及透气的或者不透气的、由薄膜或者纺织物制成的层。
本发明还涉及加热装置10，该加热装置用于迅速地或者长时间保持地使使用者或者待加热的物品(尤其壳体内室、室内件、座椅和/或方向盘)变热。
加热装置10指为了使其环境有针对性地变热而提供热能并且传导地、对流地和/或通过热辐射将热能释放到其环境中的装置。该加热装置优选直接定位在罩的下侧上或者定位在壳体壁的内侧上，尤其定位在靠垫和罩之间。
优选但不是必需地，加热装置10具有至少一个加热电阻支架11，该加热电阻支架用于使加热电阻和热源的持续定位稳定。它优选至少部分地由具有低价格和/或良好导热性能的材料制成。例如聚合物，尤其聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氨酯或者聚碳酸酯。根据目的，扁平构造物优选至少部分地由纺织物、针织物、编织物、织物、无纺布、柔软的热塑性塑料、透气的材料和/或冲压的或者起绒的薄膜、扁平的组成部分或者多层的复合模块制成。阻燃的或者自熄灭的材料是有利的。
优选地，加热装置10具有至少一个加热电阻12，所述加热电阻用于直接或者间接地使调节区域变暖。加热电阻12指在电流流经的情况下将电能转化为热能的欧姆电阻。这里例如为扁平构造物、导电层例如聚合物薄膜或者金属薄膜或者金属层。加热电阻的材料例如至少具有铝、铜、金、银或者铬镍、导电漆的份额。它优选具有10欧姆到500欧姆、尤其50欧姆到150欧姆、尤其190欧姆到210欧姆的面电阻。在扁平加热电阻的情况下，可能的是，加热电阻与加热电阻支架一致，尤其是当涉及由导电的和不导电的组成部分构成的基体时。
优选选择使得整个加热电阻横截面能够导电的材料。这样做的目的是实现比例如通过印制不导电的加热电阻支架所能实现的更高的载流能力。例如由具有导电颗粒的聚合材料制成的导电薄膜，所述颗粒在薄膜制造期间混入。特别优选至少部分地包括PP、PE、PS、PET或者PU的树脂基体，并且，颗粒或纤维混有碳、炭黑或者金属例如银、镍、铜或者锌。可燃的组成部分应被最小化或者通过附加的防止燃烧措施来保险。
加热装置10具有至少一个接触装置13，用于将加热电阻连接到外部的供电装置上。通常为两个接触装置13，13’。但是也可以使用多个。它们的形状在加热电阻的整个加热区中引起均匀的电流。优选为梳状的结构。
接触装置13优选具有至少一个主电极14,14’。主电极14指用于将电流从电压源47分配到多个分支电极15,15’上的装置。合适的形状有利于用于避免热点的、小的过渡电阻，并且还为了高度的触觉舒适性而避免在罩表面显出印迹。为此例如为导电的、尤其自支承的带。这些带的长度优选相应于靠垫或者加热电阻的纵侧的长度。这些带的宽度允许足够安全的接触。为此例如为0.2厘米到3厘米，尤其0.5厘米到2厘米。
优选地，至少一个主电极14具有引起大面积供电的位置，其中，能够根据希望而定避免从主电极14直接过渡到加热电阻12中。例如沿着加热电阻：
B.与加热电阻间隔开地在不导电的加热电阻支架的基面上，如图3b)中；
C.在加热电阻的基面上，但是通过电极绝缘体与加热电阻12分开，如图3c)中或者
A.在加热电阻的基面上并且导电地与该加热电阻连接，如图3A)中。
优选地，至少一个主电极14具有能够使得接触装置和加热电阻之间的过渡电阻小的材料，以实现良好的电输入并且避免电极上的热点。例如为带形的纺织物或者薄膜，所述纺织物或者薄膜至少部分地由导电的聚合物或者金属、尤其铝或者铜制成或者以此涂覆。尤其适合的是以导电的或者不导电的粘合剂涂覆的实心金属带或者仅由这种粘合剂或者金属带构成的层。在根据图3a)的实施方式中值得期待的是，铜薄膜具有朝加热电阻12电绝缘的、作为绝缘层的粘合剂层地被施加在加热电阻12上，由此，主电极14相对于加热电阻12绝缘。此外有利的是，主电极具有至少两个导电层，所述导电层至少部分地相互覆盖。
优选地，至少一个接触装置13具有至少一个分支电极15。分支电极指的是用于将电流从主电极供入到加热电阻12中的装置。优选这样选择分支电极的数量，使得能够大面积地分配电流和产生正确的局部电阻。合适的数量是对于每个加热电阻12在2个到200个之间，尤其大约每3厘米到5厘米一个。形状和材料可以基本上选择得和用于主电极14的一样，但是其中，分支电极15的导电材料优选与主电极的导电材料不同。特别有利的是，分支电极15至少具有铝制成的组成部分并且主电极至少具有铜制成的组成部分。分支电极优选从第一主电极14,14’几乎延伸到一对置的第二主电极14,14’处。分支电极的取向优选垂直于主电极14,14’的走向延伸。为了实现分支电极15,15’和其上级主电极之间低的过渡电阻，至少一个分支电极15的区段、尤其端部段布置在所属主电极的两个导电层之间，优选在两个含铜的层之间。掺入的导电层的一部分或者所有这些层能够相互通过导电的粘合剂连接。
为了使分支电极15和被其接触的加热电阻12之间的过渡电阻低，导电的带是符合目的的，所述导电的带通过导电的粘合剂至少区段式地粘接在加热电阻12上，例如作为具有金属载体薄膜的自粘带，或者所述导电的带取而代之地或者附加地通过缝制、胶合或者楔紧固定。
有利的是，加热电阻12或者加热电阻支架11已经包含粘黏的组成部分或者通过变热或者其他物理处理或化学处理而至少暂时有粘性并且分支电极可至少部分地、不引入另外的材料地埋入加热电阻或者加热电阻支架中。
加热装置10优选具有电流偏转装置16,16’。电流偏转装置16是指使得电流从一个接触装置13的分支电极15在另一接触装置13’的分支电极15’上偏转到该另一接触装置13’的主电极14’中的任何结构。这在一个接触装置的分支电极和另一接触装置的主电极14’之间引起足够高的电阻。这又避免了热点。
电流偏转装置优选具有电极绝缘体17。电极绝缘体指任何阻断电流流到主电极中或者从主电极中流出的装置。这形成主电极相对于加热电阻12的至少局部的绝缘，从而在那里没有电流从该主电极直接供入到加热电阻12中，而是仅通过由主电极供电的分支电极馈入。这也避免热点。作为材料合适的是例如由不导电的薄膜制成的绝缘层、不导电的粘合剂或者电极相对于加热电阻12的气隙和间隔。优选的是，电极上和/或加热电阻12上的具有绝缘载体层或者由不导电的粘合剂制成的层的双面胶带。三明治式地布置在加热电阻12和布置在加热电阻的基面上的主电极之间的层可简单地制成。
电流偏转装置16,16’优选具有分极装置18,18’，以便使得两个反极性的接触装置充分地电分离。例如为加热电阻材料中的或者两个接触装置之间、尤其主电极14’和反极性的分支电阻15的尖77之间的材料空隙、冲孔、间隔或者阻断电阻。
分极装置18的宽度这样选择，使得一方面一个接触装置13的分支电极15尽可能地靠近反极性的接触装置的主电极，但同时提供安全的极分离。这达到尽可能好地利用加热电阻的材料的目的。例如为1毫米到15毫米、尤其2毫米到7毫米、尤其3毫米到5毫米。在此，用于避开分极装置18的最短回避路径至少应和加热电极12上的两个反极性的分支电极之间的最短间距一样长。
加热装置10优选具有保护套(未示出)，用于朝着罩和/或朝着靠垫遮盖该加热装置。这产生免受机械损害和免受腐蚀和/或用于装饰或者绝缘的保护。例如为纺织物，如无纺布或者薄膜，所述纺织物至少部分地由不透水的材料如PE、PP、PU或者PET构成。在相应选择的情况下，它们也可以为阻燃的或者自熄灭的。
加热装置10优选具有用于透空气和透湿气的舒适孔51和校准的加热电阻值。例如为加热装置10中的、尤其加热电阻12中的圆形的、椭圆形的或者长形的孔。
加热装置10优选具有阻燃装置20,20’。阻燃装置20指使燃烧熄灭或者使其扩散延迟或偏转的装置。
阻燃装置20优选具有阻燃块22，该阻燃块用于熄灭或者挤走扩散块上的火焰或者火花，例如呈不可燃或者自熄灭的材料带或者材料条的形式。阻燃块的布置尤其实现得垂直于至少一个分支电极15、优选与主电极平行地错开并且越过多个分支电极。作为材料，金属、尤其铝是合适的。
阻燃装置20优选具有阻燃空隙21，这对于火来说意味着去掉可燃材料，并且由此节省成本地实现阻碍或者熄灭燃烧。例如为加热电阻12中或者与其共同作用的构件中的间隙，所述间隙具有5毫米或者更大的宽度。
Claims (7)
1.电的加热装置(10)，具有至少一个电的加热电阻(12)和至少一个接触装置(13)，所述接触装置具有一主电极(14,14’)和多个从该主电极分支出的分支电极(15,15’)，所述加热电阻(12)至少部分地由可燃的材料制成，其特征在于，所述加热电阻(12)设置有至少一个阻燃块(22)，该阻燃块至少部分地由不可燃的或者自熄灭的材料构成；所述阻燃块(22)呈带或条的形式并且垂直于至少一个分支电极(15,15’)地布置。
2.根据权利要求1的加热装置(10)，其特征在于，所述加热电阻(12)设置有至少一个阻燃空隙(21)。
3.根据权利要求1或2的加热装置(10)，其特征在于，至少一个接触装置具有至少两个至少区段式地相互重合的导电层。
4.根据权利要求1或2的加热装置(10)，其特征在于，所述接触装置具有至少一个自支承的带，该带粘接到电的加热电阻上。
5.根据权利要求1或2的加热装置(10)，其特征在于，所述主电极(14,14’)具有第一导电材料,并且，所述分支电极(15,15’)至少部分地由在化学上与所述主电极的所述第一导电材料不同的第二导电材料构成。
6.空调装置，其特征在于，所述空调装置具有至少一个根据权利要求1的加热装置(10)。
7.车(1)，其特征在于，所述车具有至少一个根据权利要求1的加热装置(10)。
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2013
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- 2013-08-26 JP JP2013174486A patent/JP5801855B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-27 KR KR1020130101703A patent/KR101548589B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-08-28 CN CN201310381707.7A patent/CN103687105B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN201657362U (zh) * | 2010-04-28 | 2010-11-24 | 成都安康科技有限公司 | 一种智能地暖电加热膜 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20140029245A (ko) | 2014-03-10 |
| US9420640B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
| JP5801855B2 (ja) | 2015-10-28 |
| CN103687105A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
| US20140061183A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
| KR101548589B1 (ko) | 2015-08-31 |
| JP2014049445A (ja) | 2014-03-17 |
| DE102012017047A1 (de) | 2014-03-06 |
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