CN102590474A - Fine water erosion simulation test device for slope channel system, and test method for fine water erosion simulation test device - Google Patents
Fine water erosion simulation test device for slope channel system, and test method for fine water erosion simulation test device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test device and a test method, which are used for researching the water erosion simulation of a slope channel system. The system comprises a bottom frame, and a slope runoff area and a channel runoff area which are connected with the bottom frame; one end of the bottom frame is connected with a travel wheel set, and the other end of the bottom frame is provided with a steering wheel set and a travel traction rod which is connected with the steering wheel set; the slope runoff area and the channel runoff area are both formed above the bottom frame; the end of the slope runoff area is hinged with the end of the channel runoff area; the other end of the channel runoff area is hinged with the travel wheel set end of the bottom frame; a channel lifting mechanism for controlling the channel runoff area to lift is arranged between the bottom frame and the channel runoff area; and a slope lifting mechanism for controlling the slope runoff area to lift is arranged between the bottom frame and the slope runoff area. The fine water erosion simulation test device has the advantages of manually tamping soil, transplanting plant, automatically adjusting the channel angles, freely moving the whole equipment, shortening a test period, and accurately simulating the water erosion process of soil under different site conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of testing equipment and test method thereof of studying domatic channel system water erosion process; Especially relate to a kind of can according to testing requirements make different size the experimental plot, artificial tamp soil, transplant vegetation, regulate automatically the experimental plot the gradient, move freely equipment integral, shorten the test period; Thereby can realize that the soil water erosion process is accurately simulated under the different land occupation conditions, each factor is to the influence of soil water erosion process and the meticulous simulation test device of domatic channel system water erosion and the test method thereof of Response Mechanism under the research different underlying surface condition.
Background technology
For a long time, soil erosion is the important ecological environment problem that China faces.The basic research work of water and soil conservation and erosion zone dynamic monitoring need be carried out a large amount of indoor and field inspection experiments.Domatic channel system is the element in basin, simultaneously also be to corrode the elementary cell that takes place, thereby the experiment of the domatic channel system soil erosion and observation is the basic content of research soil and water conservation.
At present; The domatic channel system simulation experiment method of soil water erosion commonly used is to set up the experimental plot in the open air; Normally be located at the designated area of institute's research topic; Seek comparatively more consistent domatic of homogeneous, the gradient of place's soil property, make up the rectangle sub-district of different lengths of grade and width according to the test needs, wherein the sub-district is made up of two parts: a part is the comparatively smooth domatic sub-district of the gradient (gradient is selected 15 ° to 25 ° usually); Another part is the comparatively precipitous raceway groove sub-district of the gradient (gradient is selected 30 ° to 45 ° usually); Re-use materials such as fragment of brick, asbestos tile with institute's favored area with around domatic separating as the experimental plot, the selected vegetation of plantation or keep the nature lining in the sub-district, terminal catchment port, the slope runoff measuring equipment laid simultaneously in domatic sub-district.When rainfall took place the region, experimental plot, raindrop clashed into the grogs that is exposed to the face of land with certain speed under action of gravity, make it loose separation and transition takes place; Along with the increase of rainfall amount, the face of land of experimental plot forms the thin layer cross flow, and the back, forms the rill that connects the experimental plot gradually, and finally develops into shallow ridges through the continuous erosion effect of runoff because mima type microrelief forms the bank that falls that is interrupted in domatic part.Measure the erosion dynamic process of research raceway groove water erosion in the rainfall through flow and silt content process to experimental plot inlet place.
The conventional analogue test method is for we understand, the erosion dynamic process of the domatic channel system water erosion of understanding provides certain help, but it still exists following some deficiency, is restricting the erosion dynamic process that we deeply probe into domatic channel system water erosion.
1) open-air underlying surface condition is comparatively complicated, and factors such as soil property, the gradient, mima type microrelief, ant cave, surface crust all can produce considerable influence to domatic water erosion result, and single factor is difficult to peel off to the quantitative effect of soil erosion dynamic process;
2) test condition is difficult to accurate control, such as the control of the control of domatic, the raceway groove degree gradient and rainfall, raininess etc., causes comparatively accurate contrast test to be difficult to carry out, and has greatly restricted the further investigation of soil erosion process and mechanism;
3) only the runoff process and the sediment transport process in exit, experimental plot are observed in the process of the test, lacked measurement, be difficult to disclose the dynamic process of domatic water erosion gathering ground hydrodynamic force process;
4) test needs under outdoor natural rainfall condition, to carry out; Receive the very big restriction of weather conditions; Be difficult to study the influence of different rainfall amounts and rainfall intensity condition to domatic water erosion process comprehensively; Field condition is unfavorable for the accurate measurement and the collection of test parameters simultaneously, and often follows thunder and lightning at the field natural rainfall in summer that test optimum season, heavy rain take place frequently, and direct threats the testing crew life security;
5) existing test condition and testing equipment are comparatively backward, are difficult to realize the quantitative observation to domatic channel system water erosion process etching pattern and erosion amount.
In sum, need improve traditional soil domatic channel system water erosion simulated test facility and method at present,, carry out observation experiment better in the hope of faster.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned traditional experiment observation technology; Provide a kind of can according to testing requirements make different size the experimental plot, artificial tamp soil, transplant vegetation, regulate automatically the experimental plot the gradient, move freely equipment integral, shorten the test period; Thereby can reduce the influence of enchancement factor to process of the test; Realize that the soil water erosion process is accurately simulated under the different land occupation conditions, each factor is to the influence of soil water erosion process and the meticulous simulation test device of domatic channel system water erosion and the test method thereof of Response Mechanism under the more accurate study different underlying surface condition.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: the meticulous simulation test device of a kind of domatic channel system water erosion; Slope runoff sub-district that comprise underframe, links to each other and raceway groove runoff plots with underframe; One end of described underframe be provided with walking wheels, the other end be provided with turn to wheels with the walking towbar that turns to wheels to link to each other; Described slope runoff sub-district and raceway groove runoff plots all are arranged on the top of underframe; The end of described slope runoff sub-district and the end of described raceway groove runoff plots are hinged; The walking wheels end of the other end of described raceway groove runoff plots and described underframe is hinged; Be provided with the raceway groove elevating mechanism that control raceway groove runoff plots goes up and down between described underframe and the described raceway groove runoff plots, be provided with the domatic elevating mechanism that goes up and down in control slope runoff sub-district between described underframe and the described slope runoff sub-district.
The dead ahead of described slope runoff sub-district and raceway groove runoff plots be provided with three-dimensional laser scanner, directly over be provided with rain controller, described raceway groove runoff plots is provided with the catchment port that is connected with the raceway groove runoff plots with the hinged end of underframe.
Described slope runoff sub-district by domatic groove, walk on stage and guardrail is formed, wherein said walking on stage is successively set on the both sides of described domatic groove from inside to outside with described guardrail; Described raceway groove runoff plots by channel groove, walk on stage and guardrail is formed, wherein said walking on stage is successively set on the both sides of described channel groove from inside to outside with described guardrail.
Described raceway groove elevating mechanism and described domatic elevating mechanism are formed by hydraulic lifting arm; The bottom that the stiff end of the hydraulic lifting arm of wherein said raceway groove elevating mechanism is hinged on the underframe, free end is hinged on described channel groove and described domatic groove hinged end, the stiff end of the hydraulic lifting arm of described domatic elevating mechanism is hinged on the underframe, free end is hinged on the free-ended bottom of described domatic groove.
Described domatic groove and described channel groove all are the rectangular-shaped structures that are welded into by steel plate, and the centre of described domatic groove and described channel groove is provided with demarcation strip.
Described domatic groove and described channel groove big or small identical, described demarcation strip is the PVC plate
Be provided with the detection distance between described three-dimensional laser scanner and described slope runoff sub-district and the described raceway groove runoff plots, the sweep limit of described three-dimensional laser scanner can cover described slope runoff sub-district and described raceway groove runoff plots.
Be provided with the rainfall distance between described rain controller and described slope runoff sub-district and the described raceway groove runoff plots, the final speed of the raindrop of described rain controller landing can reach at the uniform velocity state.
Also be provided with the electrical control cubicles of described raceway groove elevating mechanism of control and described domatic elevating mechanism running on the described underframe.
A kind of method of utilizing the meticulous simulation test device of described domatic channel system water erosion to carry out artificially-simulated rainfall water erosion test, its step is following:
Step 1: at first fetch earth from the field, after sieving the soil of fetching then, place in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district slicing and filling, compacting and control the soil weight according to testing requirements;
Step 2: be seated in the soil weight in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district according to step 1; Confirm the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district and the duration and the intensity of rain controller simulated rainfall; Start elevating mechanism and respectively the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district is adjusted to the required gradient of test, regulate the rainfall intensity of rain controller and rainfall intensity is carried out calibration;
Step 3: in step 1, be filled with on raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district of soil the inspection surface that several equidistance respectively are set according to the test demand, the watering of the soil in raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district makes topsoil be tending towards saturated then;
Step 4: open rain controller and make rain controller carry out continuous rainfall according to the calibration raininess of step 2 setting; The domatic runoff yield of soil picks up counting in the raceway groove runoff plots; With 2 minutes was the time interval; Use microwave reflection current meter or coloring agent method to measure cross-sectional flow at the equidistance inspection surface place that step 3 is provided with, use that laser chaining pin or steel ruler measure that the stream of soil slope runoff in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district is wide, flow depth and raceway groove developmental state; Use water erosion measuring system or bucket to measure the run-off of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district simultaneously at the catchment port place, calculate the silt content of corresponding period through oven drying method;
Step 5: in entire test, use three-dimensional laser scanner that the domatic form of soil in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district is scanned; The test figure that integrating step 4 records is accurately calculated the etching pattern and the water erosion amount of the domatic channel system water erosion of soil in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district.
The present invention has following positive effect: the underframe of the meticulous simulation test device of the domatic channel system water erosion of the present invention is provided with the walking wheels, turns to wheels and towbar; Be convenient to moving of the meticulous simulation test device of the domatic channel system water erosion of the present invention like this; Make this device more flexible; Need carry out natural rainfall when observation, can the present invention be moved to outdoorly, and also can under sprinkler, make an experiment; Described slope runoff sub-district and described raceway groove runoff plots are hinged, can relatively rotate each other, and wherein said raceway groove runoff plots is hinged on the underframe; Described like this raceway groove runoff plots and described underframe can relatively rotate, and also are respectively arranged with domatic elevating mechanism and raceway groove elevating mechanism between described slope runoff sub-district and described raceway groove runoff plots and the described underframe, the gradient that can regulate slope runoff sub-district and raceway groove runoff plots automatically through domatic elevating mechanism and raceway groove elevating mechanism like this; The slope runoff sub-district gradient can be regulated arbitrarily between 0 ° ~ 30 °, the raceway groove runoff plots gradient can be regulated arbitrarily between 20 ° ~ 45 °, simple to operate; Applied widely; Regulate rapidly, satisfied the multifarious demand of experiment, can be used for multiple dimensioned soil erosion study; In addition; When the gradient of slope runoff sub-district transferred to 0 °, this system can do the channel part conversion domatic, carried out 20 ° ~ 45 ° slope runoff district observation experiment; Convenient and swift, kill two birds with one stone; Described slope runoff sub-district is by domatic groove and be arranged on walking on stage of domatic groove both sides and form with guardrail; Described raceway groove runoff plots is by channel groove and be arranged on walking on stage of channel groove both sides and form with guardrail; The researchist even under rugged surroundings such as night, thunderstorm, still can continue operation and observe when using the present invention to do experiment like this; Shorten experimental period, save time and safety coefficient higher; In addition, the present invention can be artificial tamps soil, transplant vegetation, makes different changes according to requirement of experiment, and then can effectively shorten experimental period, draws experiment conclusion faster.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of slope runoff of the present invention sub-district and raceway groove runoff plots state in the extreme higher position.
Fig. 2 is slope runoff of the present invention sub-district and the raceway groove runoff plots structural drawing at the extreme lower position state.
Among the figure: 1, walking wheels 2, underframe 3, channel groove 4, guardrail 5, raceway groove elevating mechanism 6, electrical control cubicles 7, walk on stage 8, domatic groove 9, domatic elevating mechanism 10, turn to wheels 11, walking towbar 12, rain controller 13, three-dimensional laser scanner.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further explanation:
Embodiment 1
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2; The meticulous simulation test device of a kind of domatic channel system water erosion; Comprise underframe 2, the slope runoff sub-district that links to each other with underframe 2 and raceway groove runoff plots; One end of described underframe 2 be provided with walking wheels 1, the other end be provided with turn to wheels 10 with the walking towbar 11 that turns to wheels 10 to link to each other; Described slope runoff sub-district and raceway groove runoff plots all are arranged on the top of underframe 2; The end of described slope runoff sub-district and the end of described raceway groove runoff plots are hinged; The walking wheels end of the other end of described raceway groove runoff plots and described underframe is hinged, is provided with the raceway groove elevating mechanism 5 that control raceway groove ditch runoff plots goes up and down between described underframe 2 and the described raceway groove runoff plots, is provided with the domatic elevating mechanism 9 that goes up and down in control slope runoff sub-district between described underframe 2 and the described slope runoff sub-district.
The dead ahead of described slope runoff sub-district and raceway groove runoff plots be provided with three-dimensional laser scanner 13, directly over be provided with rain controller 12, described raceway groove runoff plots is provided with the catchment port that is connected with the raceway groove runoff plots with underframe 2 hinged ends.
Utilize the meticulous simulation test device of embodiment 1 described domatic channel system water erosion to carry out the method for artificially-simulated rainfall water erosion test, its step is following:
Step 1: at first fetch earth from the field, after sieving the soil of fetching then, place in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district slicing and filling, compacting and control the soil weight according to testing requirements;
Step 2: be seated in the soil weight in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district according to step 1; Confirm the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district and the duration and the intensity of rain controller 12 simulated rainfalls; Start elevating mechanism and respectively the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district is adjusted to the required gradient of test, regulate the rainfall intensity of rain controller 12 and rainfall intensity is carried out calibration;
Step 3: in step 1, be filled with on raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district of soil the inspection surface that several equidistance respectively are set according to the test demand, the watering of the soil in runoff plots makes topsoil be tending towards saturated then;
Step 4: open rain controller 12 and make rain controller 12 carry out continuous rainfall according to the calibration raininess of step 2 setting; The domatic runoff yield of soil picks up counting in the raceway groove runoff plots; With 2 minutes was the time interval; Use microwave reflection current meter or coloring agent method to measure cross-sectional flow at the equidistance inspection surface place that step 3 is provided with, use that laser chaining pin or steel ruler measure that the stream of soil slope runoff in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district is wide, flow depth and raceway groove developmental state; Use water erosion measuring system or bucket to measure the run-off of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district simultaneously at the catchment port place, calculate the silt content of corresponding period through oven drying method;
Step 5: the domatic form of soil scans in use 13 pairs of raceway groove runoff plots of three-dimensional laser scanner and the slope runoff sub-district in entire test; The test figure that integrating step 4 records is accurately calculated the etching pattern and the water erosion amount of the domatic channel system water erosion of soil in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district.
Testing the gradient that shows the slope runoff sub-district can regulate arbitrarily between 0 ° ~ 30 °, and the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots can be regulated arbitrarily between 20 ° ~ 45 °.The present invention can regulate the gradient of slope runoff sub-district, raceway groove runoff plots by the research object requirement like this; Experimentize, shortened experimental period greatly, improved efficient; Saved the time, for the research of soil erosion scale problem provides a kind of new technological means.
After off-test, by external force walking wheels 1, turn to the wheels 10 mobile apparatus of the present invention that match with the towbar 11 of walking, be convenient to depositing and cutting to of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment 2
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2; The meticulous simulation test device of a kind of domatic channel system water erosion; Comprise underframe 2, the slope runoff sub-district that links to each other with underframe 2 and raceway groove runoff plots; One end of described underframe 2 be provided with walking wheels 1, the other end be provided with turn to wheels 10 with the walking towbar 11 that turns to wheels 10 to link to each other; Described slope runoff sub-district and raceway groove runoff plots all are arranged on the top of underframe 2; The end of described slope runoff sub-district and the end of described raceway groove runoff plots are hinged; The walking wheels end of the other end of described raceway groove runoff plots and described underframe is hinged, is provided with the raceway groove elevating mechanism 5 that control raceway groove ditch runoff plots goes up and down between described underframe 2 and the described raceway groove runoff plots, is provided with the domatic elevating mechanism 9 that goes up and down in control slope runoff sub-district between described underframe 2 and the described slope runoff sub-district.
Described slope runoff sub-district and the dead ahead be provided with three-dimensional laser scanner 13, directly over be provided with rain controller 12, described raceway groove runoff plots is provided with the catchment port that is connected with the raceway groove runoff plots with underframe 2 hinged ends.
Described slope runoff sub-district by domatic groove 8, walk on stage 7 and guardrail 4 form, wherein said walking on stage 7 is successively set on the both sides of described domatic groove 8 with described guardrail 4 from inside to outside; Described raceway groove runoff plots by channel groove 3, walk on stage 7 and guardrail 4 form, wherein said walking on stage 7 is successively set on the both sides of described channel groove 3 with described guardrail 4 from inside to outside.
Described raceway groove elevating mechanism 5 is formed by hydraulic lifting arm with described domatic elevating mechanism 9; The bottom that the stiff end of the hydraulic lifting arm of wherein said raceway groove elevating mechanism 5 is hinged on the underframe 2, free end is hinged on described channel groove 3 and described domatic groove 8 hinged ends, the stiff end of the hydraulic lifting arm of described domatic elevating mechanism 9 is hinged on the underframe 2, free end is hinged on described domatic groove 8 free-ended bottoms.
Utilize the meticulous simulation test device of embodiment 2 described domatic channel system water erosions to carry out the method for artificially-simulated rainfall water erosion test, its step is following:
Step 1: at first fetch earth from the field, after sieving the soil of fetching then, place in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district slicing and filling, compacting and control the soil weight according to testing requirements;
Step 2: be seated in the soil weight in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district according to step 1; Confirm the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district and the duration and the intensity of rain controller 12 simulated rainfalls; Start elevating mechanism and respectively the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district is adjusted to the required gradient of test, regulate the rainfall intensity of rain controller 12 and rainfall intensity is carried out calibration;
Step 3: in step 1, be filled with on raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district of soil the inspection surface that several equidistance respectively are set according to the test demand, the watering of the soil in raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district makes topsoil be tending towards saturated then;
Step 4: open rain controller 12 and make rain controller 12 carry out continuous rainfall according to the calibration raininess of step 2 setting; The domatic runoff yield of soil picks up counting in the raceway groove runoff plots; With 2 minutes was the time interval; Use microwave reflection current meter or coloring agent method to measure cross-sectional flow at the equidistance inspection surface place that step 3 is provided with, use that laser chaining pin or steel ruler measure that the stream of soil slope runoff in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district is wide, flow depth and raceway groove developmental state; Use water erosion measuring system or bucket to measure the run-off of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district simultaneously at the catchment port place, calculate the silt content of corresponding period through oven drying method;
Step 5: the domatic form of soil scans in use 13 pairs of raceway groove runoff plots of three-dimensional laser scanner and the slope runoff sub-district in entire test; The test figure that integrating step 4 records is accurately calculated the etching pattern and the water erosion amount of the domatic channel system water erosion of soil in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district.
Testing the gradient that shows the slope runoff sub-district can regulate arbitrarily between 0 ° ~ 30 °, and the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots can be regulated arbitrarily between 20 ° ~ 45 °.The present invention can regulate the gradient of slope runoff sub-district, raceway groove runoff plots by the research object requirement like this; Experimentize, shortened experimental period greatly, improved efficient; Saved the time, for the research of soil erosion scale problem provides a kind of new technological means.
After off-test, by external force walking wheels 1, turn to the wheels 10 mobile apparatus of the present invention that match with the towbar 11 of walking, be convenient to depositing and cutting to of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment 3
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2; The meticulous simulation test device of a kind of domatic channel system water erosion; Comprise underframe 2, the slope runoff sub-district that links to each other with underframe 2 and raceway groove runoff plots; One end of described underframe 2 be provided with walking wheels 1, the other end be provided with turn to wheels 10 with the walking towbar 11 that turns to wheels 10 to link to each other; Described slope runoff sub-district and raceway groove runoff plots all are arranged on the top of underframe 2; The end of described slope runoff sub-district and the end of described raceway groove runoff plots are hinged; The walking wheels end of the other end of described raceway groove runoff plots and described underframe is hinged, is provided with the raceway groove elevating mechanism 5 that control raceway groove ditch runoff plots goes up and down between described underframe 2 and the described raceway groove runoff plots, is provided with the domatic elevating mechanism 9 that goes up and down in control slope runoff sub-district between described underframe 2 and the described slope runoff sub-district.
Described slope runoff sub-district and the dead ahead be provided with three-dimensional laser scanner 13, directly over be provided with rain controller 12, described raceway groove runoff plots is provided with the catchment port that is connected with the raceway groove runoff plots with underframe 2 hinged ends.
Described slope runoff sub-district by domatic groove 8, walk on stage 7 and guardrail 4 form, wherein said walking on stage 7 is successively set on the both sides of described domatic groove 8 with described guardrail 4 from inside to outside; Described raceway groove runoff plots by channel groove 3, walk on stage 7 and guardrail 4 form, wherein said walking on stage 7 is successively set on the both sides of described channel groove 3 with described guardrail 4 from inside to outside.
Described raceway groove elevating mechanism 5 is formed by hydraulic lifting arm with described domatic elevating mechanism 9; The bottom that the stiff end of the hydraulic lifting arm of wherein said raceway groove elevating mechanism 5 is hinged on the underframe 2, free end is hinged on described channel groove 3 and described domatic groove 8 hinged ends, the stiff end of the hydraulic lifting arm of described domatic elevating mechanism 9 is hinged on the underframe 2, free end is hinged on described domatic groove 8 free-ended bottoms.
Described domatic groove 8 all is the rectangular-shaped structures that are welded into by steel plate with described channel groove 3, and the centre of described domatic groove 8 and described channel groove 3 is provided with demarcation strip.
Described domatic groove 8 and described channel groove 3 big or small identical, described demarcation strip is the PVC plate
Be provided with the detection distance between described three-dimensional laser scanner 13 and described slope runoff sub-district and the described raceway groove runoff plots, the sweep limit of described three-dimensional laser scanner 13 can cover described slope runoff sub-district and described raceway groove runoff plots.
Be provided with the rainfall distance between described rain controller 12 and described slope runoff sub-district and the described raceway groove runoff plots, the final speed of the raindrop of described rain controller 12 landing can reach at the uniform velocity state.
Also be provided with the electrical control cubicles 6 of described raceway groove elevating mechanism 5 of control and described domatic elevating mechanism 9 runnings on the described underframe 2.
Utilize the meticulous simulation test device of embodiment 3 described domatic channel system water erosions to carry out the method for artificially-simulated rainfall water erosion test, its step is following:
Step 1: at first fetch earth from the field, after sieving the soil of fetching then, place in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district slicing and filling, compacting and control the soil weight according to testing requirements;
Step 2: be seated in the soil weight in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district according to step 1; Confirm the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district and the duration and the intensity of rain controller 12 simulated rainfalls; Start elevating mechanism and respectively the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district is adjusted to the required gradient of test, regulate the rainfall intensity of rain controller 12 and rainfall intensity is carried out calibration;
Step 3: in step 1, be filled with on raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district of soil the inspection surface that several equidistance respectively are set according to the test demand, the watering of the soil in raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district makes topsoil be tending towards saturated then;
Step 4: open rain controller 12 and make rain controller 12 carry out continuous rainfall according to the calibration raininess of step 2 setting; The domatic runoff yield of soil picks up counting in the raceway groove runoff plots; With 2 minutes was the time interval; Use microwave reflection current meter or coloring agent method to measure cross-sectional flow at the equidistance inspection surface place that step 3 is provided with, use that laser chaining pin or steel ruler measure that the stream of soil slope runoff in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district is wide, flow depth and raceway groove developmental state; Use water erosion measuring system or bucket to measure the run-off of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district simultaneously at the catchment port place, calculate the silt content of corresponding period through oven drying method;
Step 5: the domatic form of soil scans in use 13 pairs of raceway groove runoff plots of three-dimensional laser scanner and the slope runoff sub-district in entire test; The test figure that integrating step 4 records is accurately calculated the etching pattern and the water erosion amount of the domatic channel system water erosion of soil in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district.
Testing the gradient that shows the slope runoff sub-district can regulate arbitrarily between 0 ° ~ 30 °, and the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots can be regulated arbitrarily between 20 ° ~ 45 °.The present invention can regulate the gradient of slope runoff sub-district, raceway groove runoff plots by the research object requirement like this; Experimentize, shortened experimental period greatly, improved efficient; Saved the time, for the research of soil erosion scale problem provides a kind of new technological means.
After off-test, by external force walking wheels 1, turn to the wheels 10 mobile apparatus of the present invention that match with the towbar 11 of walking, be convenient to depositing and cutting to of apparatus of the present invention.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these are revised and modification belongs within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention also comprises these changes and modification.
The content of not doing in this instructions to describe in detail belongs to this area professional and technical personnel's known prior art.
Claims (10)
1. meticulous simulation test device of domatic channel system water erosion; Slope runoff sub-district that comprise underframe, links to each other and raceway groove runoff plots with underframe; It is characterized in that: an end of described underframe be provided with walking wheels, the other end be provided with turn to wheels with the walking towbar that turns to wheels to link to each other; Described slope runoff sub-district and raceway groove runoff plots all are arranged on the top of underframe; The end of described slope runoff sub-district and the end of described raceway groove runoff plots are hinged; The walking wheels end of the other end of described raceway groove runoff plots and described underframe is hinged, is provided with the raceway groove elevating mechanism that control raceway groove runoff plots goes up and down between described underframe and the described raceway groove runoff plots, is provided with the domatic elevating mechanism that goes up and down in control slope runoff sub-district between described underframe and the described slope runoff sub-district.
2. the meticulous simulation test device of domatic channel system water erosion according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the dead ahead of described slope runoff sub-district and raceway groove runoff plots be provided with three-dimensional laser scanner, directly over be provided with rain controller, described raceway groove runoff plots is provided with the catchment port that is connected with the raceway groove runoff plots with the hinged end of underframe.
3. the meticulous simulation test device of domatic channel system water erosion according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described slope runoff sub-district by domatic groove, walk on stage and guardrail is formed, wherein said walking on stage is successively set on the both sides of described domatic groove from inside to outside with described guardrail; Described raceway groove runoff plots by channel groove, walk on stage and guardrail is formed, wherein said walking on stage is successively set on the both sides of described channel groove from inside to outside with described guardrail.
4. according to claim 1, the meticulous simulation test device of 2 or 3 described domatic channel system water erosions; It is characterized in that: described raceway groove elevating mechanism and described domatic elevating mechanism are formed by hydraulic lifting arm; The bottom that the stiff end of the hydraulic lifting arm of wherein said raceway groove elevating mechanism is hinged on the underframe, free end is hinged on described channel groove and described domatic groove hinged end, the stiff end of the hydraulic lifting arm of described domatic elevating mechanism is hinged on the underframe, free end is hinged on the free-ended bottom of described domatic groove.
5. the meticulous simulation test device of domatic channel system water erosion according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: described domatic groove and described channel groove all are the rectangular-shaped structures that are welded into by steel plate, and the centre of described domatic groove and described channel groove is provided with demarcation strip.
6. the meticulous simulation test device of domatic channel system water erosion according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described domatic groove and described channel groove big or small identical, described demarcation strip is the PVC plate.
7. the meticulous simulation test device of domatic channel system water erosion according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: be provided with the detection distance between described three-dimensional laser scanner and described slope runoff sub-district and the described raceway groove runoff plots, the sweep limit of described three-dimensional laser scanner can cover described slope runoff sub-district and described raceway groove runoff plots.
8. the meticulous simulation test device of domatic channel system water erosion according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: be provided with the rainfall distance between described rain controller and described slope runoff sub-district and the described raceway groove runoff plots, the final speed of the raindrop of described rain controller landing can reach at the uniform velocity state.
9. the meticulous simulation test device of domatic channel system water erosion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the electrical control cubicles that also is provided with described raceway groove elevating mechanism of control and described domatic elevating mechanism running on the described underframe.
10. utilization such as the meticulous simulation test device of the described domatic channel system water erosion of claim 1-9 carry out the method for artificially-simulated rainfall water erosion test, and it is characterized in that: its step is following:
Step 1: at first fetch earth from the field, after sieving the soil of fetching then, place in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district slicing and filling, compacting and control the soil weight according to testing requirements;
Step 2: be seated in the soil weight in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district according to step 1; Confirm the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district and the duration and the intensity of rain controller simulated rainfall; Start elevating mechanism and respectively the gradient of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district is adjusted to the required gradient of test, regulate the rainfall intensity of rain controller and rainfall intensity is carried out calibration;
Step 3: in step 1, be filled with on raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district of soil the inspection surface that several equidistance respectively are set according to the test demand, the watering of the soil in runoff plots makes topsoil be tending towards saturated then;
Step 4: open rain controller and make rain controller carry out continuous rainfall according to the calibration raininess of step 2 setting; The domatic runoff yield of soil picks up counting in the raceway groove runoff plots; With 2 minutes was the time interval; Use microwave reflection current meter or coloring agent method to measure cross-sectional flow at the equidistance inspection surface place that step 3 is provided with, use that laser chaining pin or steel ruler measure that the stream of soil slope runoff in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district is wide, flow depth and raceway groove developmental state; Use water erosion measuring system or bucket to measure the run-off of raceway groove runoff plots and slope runoff sub-district simultaneously at the catchment port place, calculate the silt content of corresponding period through oven drying method;
Step 5: in entire test, use three-dimensional laser scanner that the domatic form of soil in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district is scanned; The test figure that integrating step 4 records is accurately calculated the etching pattern and the water erosion amount of the domatic channel system water erosion of soil in raceway groove runoff plots and the slope runoff sub-district.
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