CN104123875A - Experiment device and experiment method for overtopping failure simulation for tailing dam - Google Patents
Experiment device and experiment method for overtopping failure simulation for tailing dam Download PDFInfo
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- CN104123875A CN104123875A CN201410298014.6A CN201410298014A CN104123875A CN 104123875 A CN104123875 A CN 104123875A CN 201410298014 A CN201410298014 A CN 201410298014A CN 104123875 A CN104123875 A CN 104123875A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experiment device and an experiment method for overtopping failure simulation for a tailing dam, which belong to the field of mine geotechnical engineering. The experiment device disclosed by the invention comprises a simulated experiment container, a simulated rainfall device and a gradient change device, wherein the simulated rainfall device is installed above the simulated experiment container. The experiment device disclosed by the invention is capable of simulating the overtopping failure conditions for the tailing dam under different rainfall intensities and different tailing dam slope angles.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering field, mine, the specifically experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam crash simulation, the unrestrained bursting that is mainly used in lab simulation tailing dam is bad.
Background technology
Along with human society growing with each passing day to resources requirement, in the time that being developed and utilized, mineral resources will produce a large amount of mine tailings, it is the most frequently used tailings impoundment mode that construction tailing dam carries out tailings discharging, the production facility that Ye Shi bargh is important, in the time that a large amount of tailings impoundments is before dam tailing dam together with Tailings Dam in a large amount of Tailings Slurries can form an artificial rubble flow dangerous matter sources with high potential energy.The fact shows again and again, once tailing dam accident, by causing huge disaster and loss to industrial and agricultural production and downstream people's lives and properties, causes Xiangfen, the Shanxi Province dam-break accident of 277 people's death especially the safety case of tailing dam to be beaten to alarm bell for 2008.
Rainfall is the key factor that causes tailing dam dam break, Tailings Dam in the time that rainfall intensity is excessive will cause flood in Tailings Dam not discharge in time because there is no the obstruction of enough reservoir capacity for flood control or flood drainage system or damage, flood will cause and wash away downstream dam slope after overflowing dam crest, and sluicing constantly destroys dam structure and finally causes dam break; But owing to lacking accurate, complete dam break field measurement data, and field experiment is because of quantities great experimental period of long being difficult to carry out, therefore the development mechanism research to the unrestrained top dam break of tailing dam unclear at present, cannot accurately understand the evolution that dam body corrodes.For this reason, the experimental provision that the present invention has designed the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam crash simulation is the erosion process to tailing dam and the failure mechanism of dam body with the unrestrained top of simulation flood.The ultimate principle of simulated experiment is the rule according to physical phenomenon, simulate the real work situation of prototype structure with model experiment, again according to counter some characteristic that pushes away prototype structure of the result of model test, the numerical value recording by model experiment can be scaled the required analog value of practical problems by a certain percentage, its important means as scientific and technical research widespread use and every field.
In view of tailing dam destroys the seriousness endangering, guarantee that the safety of tailing dam is not only related to the Production requirement of bargh, more be related to the downstream people's the security of the lives and property and environmental disruption problem, unrestrained bad process study of bursting has important practical significance to dam body therefore to understand the factor such as rainfall and slope angle.Unrestrained bad simulated experiment of bursting can be carried out rainfall and the research of slope angle on the dam break impact of the unrestrained top of tailing dam, for the research of tailing dam mechanism of collapsed dam and the foundation of dam break model provide experimental basis.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam crash simulation, this device can build different tailing dam models according to the composition of tailing dam and design feature, carry out the unrestrained bad physical simulation experiment of bursting of tailings dam under different rainfall intensities and different slope angle condition, to study unrestrained top failure mode and the failure mechanism of tailings dam.
Be such for realizing the technical scheme that the object of the invention adopts, the experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam crash simulation, is characterized in that: comprise simulated experiment container, rainfall simulator and change slope device.
Described experiment container is a container that upper end is uncovered.
Described rainfall simulator is positioned at described experiment container top.When experiment, in described rainfall simulator experiment container downwards, spray water.
Described change slope device comprises that becomes a ramp.Described change ramp is a rectangular flat that is arranged in described experiment container.A limit of described change ramp is hinged on the bottom of experiment container.
Before experiment starts, insert the sample ore as tested sample to described experiment container.Described change ramp is positioned at a side of tested sample.Described change ramp presses to tested sample, makes described tested sample be pressed into certain angle.
Further, described experiment container is made up of transparent front apron, backboard, right baffle-plate, right baffle plate and base plate.
Further, described rainfall simulator comprises: water pipe, water check valve, force (forcing) pump, flow control valve, flowmeter, rainfall shower nozzle, aperture, bracing frame and support frame base.
Support frame as described above base is positioned at a side of experiment container.Support frame as described above lower end is connected on support frame base, rainfall shower nozzle is supported in upper end.
Described rainfall shower nozzle is connected with water pipe.Force (forcing) pump water check valve, flow control valve and flowmeter are installed on described water pipe.
When experiment, the aperture on described rainfall shower nozzle is sprayed water downwards.
Further, described change ramp is hinged on the upper surface of base plate by hinge hinge.Described change ramp is perpendicular to front apron and backboard.On the interior plate face of described backboard, there is arc groove.The center of circle of described arc groove is on the extended line of the rotating shaft of described change ramp.
Described change ramp is provided with screw rod towards a side of arc groove.Described screw rod is parallel to the rotating shaft that becomes ramp.One end of described screw rod is connected on change ramp, the other end inserts in arc groove.
Further, on described screw rod, screwed in nut.On the inner side of described backboard, there is angle index line.Described angle index line is positioned at arc groove around.The center of described angle index line is the center of circle of arc groove.
Further, described front apron, backboard, right baffle-plate and right baffle plate are transparent material, and change ramp is steel plate.
Further, described experiment container inside is provided with water-level observation pipe.
When experiment, insert in tested sample described water-level observation pipe lower end.
Further, described water-level observation pipe is pvc material.On the tube wall of described water-level observation pipe, there are some through holes.The outer wall external application geotextile parcel of described water-level observation pipe.
Further, described base plate lower end has support.On described base plate, have weep hole.
The object of this experimental provision is the unrestrained bad laboratory physical simulation experiment of bursting of dam body of carrying out under different condition of raining and different slope angle condition, and dam body failure mode and failure mechanism are studied.The present invention also openly adopts the experimental procedure of said apparatus:
1) change ramp is adjusted to required angle, and the position that becomes ramp is fixed.
2) mine tailing sample is encased in experiment container, described mine tailing sample is positioned at a side that becomes ramp.By after the compacting of mine tailing sample, form the tailings dam of simulation.
3) remove becoming the fixing of ramp, make to become ramp and turn to a side of tailings dam dorsad.
4) rainfall simulator is sprayed water to the tailings dam in experiment container, with simulated rainfall.
5) rainfall simulator applies rainfall tailings dam is washed away, until there is dam break.Record the data of dam break.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the unrestrained top of tailing dam destructive process under energy simulated rainfall conditions;
2, can simulate the tailing dam side slope of different slope angles;
3, can change the intensity of rainfall;
4, can measure water in dam bit line height;
5, the water sand mixture under rushing down can be discharged outside simulation container.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is simulated experiment container schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is rainfall simulator schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is change of the present invention slope device schematic diagram.
In figure: simulated experiment container A, rainfall simulator B, change slope device C, front apron 1, backboard 2, right baffle-plate 3, right baffle plate 4, base plate 5, support 6, weep hole 7, water-level observation pipe 8, dam body 9, water pipe 10, water check valve 11, force (forcing) pump 12, flow control valve 13, flowmeter 14, rainfall shower nozzle 15, aperture 16, bracing frame 17, support frame base 18, change ramp 19, hinge hinge 20, change slope groove 21, screw rod 22, nut 23, angle index line 24.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, only limits to following embodiment but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, make various replacements and change, all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
An experimental provision for the unrestrained top of tailing dam crash simulation, comprises simulated experiment container A, rainfall simulator B and becomes slope device C.
Described experiment container A is a container that upper end is uncovered.In embodiment, described experiment container A is made up of transparent front apron 1, backboard 2, right baffle-plate 3, right baffle plate 4 and base plate 5.Described front apron 1, backboard 2, right baffle-plate 3 and right baffle plate 4 are transparent material, and becoming ramp 19 is steel plate.Described base plate 5 lower ends have support 6.On described base plate 5, have weep hole 7.
Described rainfall simulator B is positioned at described experiment container A top.When experiment, in described rainfall simulator B experiment container A downwards, spray water.Comprise referring to rainfall simulator B described in accompanying drawing 3: water pipe 10, water check valve 11, force (forcing) pump 12, flow control valve 13, flowmeter 14, rainfall shower nozzle 15, aperture 16, bracing frame 17 and support frame base 18, to reach the object of controlling and recording rainfall simulator B injection flow rate.Support frame as described above base 18 is positioned at a side of experiment container A.Support frame as described above 17 lower ends are connected on support frame base 18, rainfall shower nozzle 15 is supported in upper end.Described rainfall shower nozzle 15 is connected with water pipe 10.Force (forcing) pump 12 water check valves 11, flow control valve 13 and flowmeter 14 are installed on described water pipe 10.When experiment, the aperture 16 on described rainfall shower nozzle 15 is sprayed water downwards.
Described change slope device C comprises that becomes a ramp 19.Described change ramp 19 is rectangular flats that are arranged in described experiment container A.A limit of described change ramp 19 is hinged on the bottom of experiment container A.
Before experiment starts, insert the sample ore as tested sample to described experiment container A.Described change ramp 19 is positioned at a side of tested sample.Described change ramp 19 presses to tested sample, makes described tested sample be pressed into certain angle.
As preferably, need to control the angle of inclination that becomes ramp 19, to arrive the object of the tailing dam that simulates different gradient.
In embodiment, to achieve these goals, described change ramp 19 is hinged on the upper surface of base plate 5 by hinge hinge 20.Described change ramp 19 is perpendicular to front apron 1 and backboard 2.On the interior plate face (being inner side towards a side at experiment container A center) of described backboard 2, there is arc groove 21.The center of circle of described arc groove 21 is on the extended line of the rotating shaft of described change ramp 19.
Described change ramp 19 is provided with screw rod 22 towards a side of arc groove 21.Described screw rod 22 is parallel to the rotating shaft that becomes ramp 19.One end of described screw rod 22 is connected on change ramp 19, the other end inserts in arc groove 21.
Further, the present embodiment also discloses a kind of mode that change ramp 19 is locked, and on described screw rod 22, has screwed in nut 23.Rotate described nut 23, make nut 23 compress the inner side of backboard 2, so just make to become ramp 19 and can not rotate easily under external force.On the inner side of described backboard 2, there is angle index line 24.Described angle index line 24 is positioned at arc groove 21 around.Described angle index line 24 center is the center of circle of arc groove 21.
Preferably, described experiment container A inside is provided with water-level observation pipe 8.When experiment, insert in tested sample described water-level observation pipe 8 lower ends.To observe the height of tested sample middle water level.Described water-level observation pipe 8 is pvc material.On the tube wall of described water-level observation pipe 8, there are some through holes, the water in tested sample can successfully be infiltrated.The formation of described through hole is the mode that adopts quincunx boring.The outer wall external application geotextile parcel of described water-level observation pipe 8, to prevent the Particle Blocking through hole in tested sample.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment has adopted device described in embodiment 1, carries out the experiment of the unrestrained top of tailing dam crash simulation, mainly comprises the following steps:
1) the mine tailing sample of obtaining is put into drying baker and dried, drying baker temperature is controlled at 105 °-110 °, and drying time is 8-10 hour.
2) change ramp 19 is tilted to be 30 °, rotating screw cap 23, makes nut 23 compress the inner side of backboard 2, and the angle that becomes ramp 19 will be fixed as 30 °.
3) by dry density control tailings dam Compaction, when mine tailing sample dry density is calculated, volume calculates by its corresponding container volume, and mine tailing sample quality, by the actual acquisition of weighing, is controlled at 1.7g/cm by mine tailing sample compacted dry density
3left and right, described mine tailing sample is positioned at a side that becomes ramp 19.
4) mine tailing sample is divided 3 compactings be encased in experiment container A, and carry out dabbing operation between dress sample layered, after the compacting of mine tailing sample, will form the tailings dam of simulation.
5) remove becoming the fixing of ramp 19, turn to a rear flank horizontal positioned of tailings dam dorsad by becoming ramp 19, it is not contacted with tailings dam.
6) open the water check valve 11 of rainfall simulator B, control rainfall intensity by flow control valve 13 and flow regulation table 14, to the tailings dam water spray in experiment container A, make water level overflow dam crest;
7) keep rainfall intensity, spill stream is washed away dam body, until dam break completely.
8) record dam break time of dam body, dam break position, dam break process, the parameters such as the form after dam break and rainfall intensity and dam slope angle.
Remove the object in experiment container A, repeat above-mentioned steps.Wherein, change tailings dam slope angle (becoming the angle that ramp 19 tilts in step 2), change rainfall intensity (discharge in step 6).Record under the natural conditions of multiple analog the dam break time of dam body, dam break position, dam break process, the parameters such as the form after dam break and rainfall intensity and dam slope angle.
Claims (10)
1. an experimental provision for the unrestrained top of tailing dam crash simulation, is characterized in that: comprise simulated experiment container (A), rainfall simulator (B) and become slope device (C);
Described experiment container (A) is a container that upper end is uncovered;
Described rainfall simulator (B) is positioned at described experiment container (A) top; When experiment, water spray in described rainfall simulator (B) experiment container (A) downwards;
Described change slope device (C) comprises that becomes a ramp (19); Described change ramp (19) is a rectangular flat that is arranged in described experiment container (A); A limit of described change ramp (19) is hinged on the bottom of experiment container (A);
Before experiment starts, insert the sample ore as tested sample to described experiment container (A); Described change ramp (19) is positioned at a side of tested sample; Described change ramp (19) presses to tested sample, makes described tested sample be pressed into certain angle.
2. the experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam according to claim 1 crash simulation, is characterized in that: described experiment container (A) is made up of transparent front apron (1), backboard (2), right baffle-plate (3), right baffle plate (4) and base plate (5).
3. the experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam according to claim 1 crash simulation, is characterized in that: described rainfall simulator (B) comprising: water pipe (10), water check valve (11), force (forcing) pump (12), flow control valve (13), flowmeter (14), rainfall shower nozzle (15), aperture (16), bracing frame (17) and support frame base (18);
Support frame as described above base (18) is positioned at a side of experiment container (A); Support frame as described above (17) lower end is connected on support frame base (18), rainfall shower nozzle (15) is supported in upper end;
Described rainfall shower nozzle (15) is connected with water pipe (10); Force (forcing) pump (12) water check valve (11), flow control valve (13) and flowmeter (14) are installed on described water pipe (10);
When experiment, the aperture (16) on described rainfall shower nozzle (15) is sprayed water downwards.
4. the experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam according to claim 2 crash simulation, is characterized in that:
Described change ramp (19) is hinged on the upper surface of base plate (5) by hinge hinge (20); Described change ramp (19) is perpendicular to front apron (1) and backboard (2); On the interior plate face of described backboard (2), there is arc groove (21); The center of circle of described arc groove (21) is on the extended line of the rotating shaft of described change ramp (19);
Described change ramp (19) is provided with screw rod (22) towards a side of arc groove (21); Described screw rod (22) is parallel to the rotating shaft that becomes ramp (19); One end of described screw rod (22) is connected on change ramp (19), the other end inserts in arc groove (21).
5. the experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam according to claim 4 crash simulation, is characterized in that: on described screw rod (22), screwed in nut (23); On the inner side of described backboard (2), there is angle index line (24); Described angle index line (24) is positioned at arc groove (21) around; The center of described angle index line (24) is the center of circle of arc groove (21).
6. the experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam according to claim 2 crash simulation, it is characterized in that: described front apron (1), backboard (2), right baffle-plate (3) and right baffle plate (4) are transparent material, becoming ramp (19) is steel plate.
7. the experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam according to claim 1 crash simulation, is characterized in that: described experiment container (A) inside is provided with water-level observation pipe (8);
When experiment, insert in tested sample described water-level observation pipe (8) lower end.
8. the experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam according to claim 7 crash simulation, is characterized in that: described water-level observation pipe (8) is pvc material; On the tube wall of described water-level observation pipe (8), there are some through holes; The outer wall external application geotextile parcel of described water-level observation pipe (8).
9. the experimental provision of the unrestrained top of a kind of tailing dam according to claim 2 crash simulation, is characterized in that: described base plate (5) lower end has support (6); On described base plate (5), have weep hole (7).
10. an experimental technique that has adopted the unrestrained top of the tailing dam crash simulation installing described in 1～9 any one claim, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) will become ramp (19) and adjust to required angle, and the position that becomes ramp (19) is fixed;
2) mine tailing sample is encased in experiment container (A), described mine tailing sample is positioned at a side that becomes ramp (19); By after the compacting of mine tailing sample, form the tailings dam of simulation;
3) remove becoming the fixing of ramp (19), make to become ramp (19) and turn to a side of tailings dam dorsad;
4) rainfall simulator (B) is sprayed water to the tailings dam in experiment container (A), with simulated rainfall;
5) rainfall simulator (B) applies rainfall tailings dam is washed away, until there is dam break; Record the data of dam break.
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| CN104404913A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-11 | 河海大学 | Panel structure for simulating gravel dam bursting test and manufacturing method of panel structure |
| CN104563055A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-04-29 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Slope protection system simulating tailing dam ecology |
| CN106093316A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-11-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Under a kind of rainfall, tailing dam overflows dam analogue experiment installation and experimental technique |
| CN109272850A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-25 | 河海大学 | A kind of totally enclosed type overfall dam overflow demonstrating experiment device |
| CN109815574A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-28 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | The flood condition determination method and device of the unrestrained top dam break of Tailings Dam |
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| CN111735933A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-02 | 辽宁大学 | Ecological restoration tailing dam slope stability simulation test device and application thereof |
| CN112083123A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-12-15 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Experimental device for simulation of overtopping damage of tailing dam |
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