CN111855443B - Experimental device for monitoring whole disaster-causing process of unstability of dispersion accumulating dam - Google Patents
Experimental device for monitoring whole disaster-causing process of unstability of dispersion accumulating dam Download PDFInfo
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- CN111855443B CN111855443B CN202010842201.1A CN202010842201A CN111855443B CN 111855443 B CN111855443 B CN 111855443B CN 202010842201 A CN202010842201 A CN 202010842201A CN 111855443 B CN111855443 B CN 111855443B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental device for monitoring the whole disaster-causing process of unstability of a dispersion accumulating dam, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. Comprises a water supply device, a rainfall simulation device, a bracket device, a dam body damage and dam-break debris flow motion experimental device. The water supply device provides required water for experiments, the rainfall simulation device is used for simulating rainfall working conditions, the support device is used for supporting the rainfall simulation device and mounting ultrasonic equipment, and the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experiment device is mainly used for completing dam body damage and dam break debris flow (flood) motion process research. The invention can simulate and research the process from dam damage to dam-break debris flow (flood) in downstream river course under rainfall, flood surging and piping conditions, and records parameters such as dam damage degree, dam pore water pressure, dam deformation, dam-break debris flow (flood) impact force, flow velocity and submerged height through automatic monitoring equipment, thereby realizing the research on dam damage and disaster-causing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device for monitoring the whole disaster-causing process of unstability of a dispersion accumulating dam, which is mainly used for experimental research of the damage process of a tailing dam or a homogeneous earth dam and the disaster-causing process of dam-break debris flow (flood), and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering.
Background
Currently, studies on dam break problems can be divided into two major aspects: (1) Dam break debris flow (flood) evolves in downstream gully; (2) the dam itself damages the breaking process. Related research results and practical engineering experience show that the effective dam bursting early warning mechanism and disaster prevention and reduction scheme can obviously reduce casualties and property loss. On the other hand, the rapid and accurate prediction dam-break debris flow (flood) evolution process can provide important reference basis for the establishment and implementation of disaster prevention and reduction schemes. However, the existing achievements focus on the research of a dam-break mud-rock flow (flood) evolution model and a calculation method, neglect the inherent continuity of a dam-break damage process and a dam-break mud-rock flow (flood) disaster-causing process, and have a certain difference from an actual dam-break disaster-causing process.
Flood flooding, dam foundation destabilization, piping and earthquake are main causes of dam damage. Under laboratory conditions, the dam body damage problem is researched generally according to a model similarity principle, so that more experimental devices aiming at flood and seismic damage are provided, and less dam piping damage experiment researches are provided; the simulation of the dam break mud-rock flow (flood) evolution problem is usually carried out in a groove, slurry with a certain concentration is prepared in advance, the slurry is stored and separated from the end of the groove by a gate, the slurry is released by controlling the gate, the mud-rock flow (flood) formed by instantaneous dam break is simulated, and compared with the dam break process of gradual damage, the simulation result is larger. From dam damage to dam break mud-rock flow (flood) formation is a continuous disaster-causing process, and the current experimental research generally leads the independent study of two process fracture to be different from the actual dam break process, and the defects and the need for improvement still exist. In addition, although dam-break geotechnical experiments under the condition of large scale can completely simulate dam body damage and dam-break debris flow (flood) disaster-causing processes in the dam-break process, the dam-break geotechnical experiments under the condition of large scale are trivial in engineering operation in the process of restoring the dam body and original topography, so that manpower and material resources are huge, and a large number of repeated experiments are difficult to perform to ensure the high efficiency of the experiments. Therefore, the continuity, the integrity and the high efficiency of the emphasized dam break experimental device have important application significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing dam break experimental device, the invention provides an experimental device for monitoring the whole process of unstability and disaster caused by a dispersion accumulating dam, which can simulate the process from dam damage to dam break mud-rock flow (flood) evolution in a downstream river under the conditions of rainfall, flood top and piping, and further realize the research on dam damage and disaster causing process by recording the change of parameters such as dam damage degree, dam pore water pressure, dam deformation, dam break mud-rock flow (flood) impact force, flow velocity and submerged height and the like through automatic monitoring equipment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an experimental device for monitoring the whole disaster-causing process of unstability of a dispersion dam comprises a water supply device, a rainfall simulation device, a bracket device, a dam body damage and dam-break debris flow motion experimental device;
one water outlet of the water supply device is connected with the rainfall simulation device, and the other water outlet is positioned above the left end of the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device; the rainfall simulation device is fixed at the top of the left side of the bracket device, and the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device is positioned below the bracket device;
the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device comprises an impact force sensor 23, an impact force data transmission line 24, a computer 28, a slurry recovery box 29, a three-dimensional laser scanner 30, an experimental tank end baffle 31, an experimental tank side baffle 32, a dam body 33, a piping conduit 34, a pore water pressure data transmission line 35, a dam break experimental tank 36, an experimental tank pillar 37, a water level scale line 38, a dam body deformation observation grid 39, an experimental tank bottom plate 40 and a high-speed camera 41, wherein the right end opening of the dam break experimental tank 36, the left end of the dam body is provided with the experimental tank end baffle 31, the two sides of the experimental tank side baffle 32 are provided with the experimental tank side baffle 32, the experimental tank side baffle 32 is made of transparent materials, the water level scale line 38 and a dam body deformation observation grid 39 are arranged on the experimental tank bottom plate 40, the bottom of the slurry recovery box 29 is positioned below the right end of the dam break experimental tank 36, the dam body 33 is positioned at the dam body deformation observation grid 39 on the dam break experimental tank 36, the two ends of the piping conduit 34 extend out of the dam body 33 and are opposite to the impact force sensor 33, the impact force sensor is directly opposite to the right end of the dam body 33, the impact force sensor is connected with the three-dimensional laser scanner 28, and the impact force sensor is directly opposite to the dam body 33, and the impact force sensor is directly opposite to the impact force sensor is positioned on the dam body side at the dam body 33, and is directly opposite to the impact force sensor on the impact force sensor.
Specifically, the piping conduit 34 includes a water inlet pipe 46, a water outlet pipe 47, a cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48, a steel wire mesh skeleton 49, and a water stop cap 50, where the water stop cap 50 is disposed at the left end of the water inlet pipe 46, the right end is fixedly connected with the steel wire mesh skeleton 49, the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 completely wraps the steel wire mesh skeleton 49 to form a cylindrical steel wire mesh channel, the water outlet pipe 47 contacts with the right end of the water inlet pipe 46 and completely wraps the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48, and the mesh diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is greater than the average grain size of the pile material of the dam 33.
More specifically, the inner diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the flexible steel wire mesh skeleton 49, the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is slidably inserted into the steel wire mesh skeleton 49 under the condition of a certain sliding resistance, and the inner diameter of the water outlet pipe 47 is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48, so that the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 can be freely installed or pulled out.
Preferably, the dam damage and dam-break debris flow motion experimental device further comprises a pore water pressure sensor 45 embedded in the dam 33, wherein the pore water pressure sensor 45 is connected with the computer 28 through a pore water pressure data transmission line 35.
Specifically, the water supply device include storage water tank 1, master valve 2, water pump 3, water pipe I4, water pipe II 5, valve I6, flowmeter I7, water pipe III 8, water pipe IV 9, valve II 10, flowmeter II 11, water pipe V12, the external master valve 2 of storage water tank 1, master valve 2, water pump 3, water pipe I4, water pipe II 5 connect gradually, water pipe II 5 end divide into two pipelines, valve I6 and water pipe III 8 are connected and are constituteed a pipeline, be equipped with flowmeter I7 on the water pipe III 8, water pipe IV 9 end and water pipe V12 are connected and are constituteed another pipeline, be equipped with valve II 10 on the water pipe IV 9, be equipped with flowmeter II 11 on the water pipe V12, the delivery port and the rainfall analogue means intercommunication of water pipe III 8, the delivery port of water pipe V12 is located dam break experimental tank 36 left side top.
Specifically, the rainfall simulation device comprises a rainfall water main 16, rainfall water diversion pipes 17, rainfall spray pipes 18 and rainfall spray heads 44, wherein the water outlet of a water pipe III 8 is communicated with the water inlet of the rainfall water main 16, a plurality of rainfall water diversion pipes 17 are equidistantly arranged between two mutually parallel rainfall water main 16, the rainfall water diversion pipes 17 are vertically connected with the rainfall water main 16 to form a square closed water return pipeline, the rainfall spray pipes 18 are equidistantly arranged on the rainfall water diversion pipes 17, and 3 rainfall spray heads 44 are arranged on each rainfall spray pipe 18.
Specifically, the support device comprises a support column I13, a horizontal cross beam I14, a rainfall water pipe support 15, a device hanging frame cross beam 19, a device hanging frame 20, an ultrasonic mud position meter 21, an ultrasonic velocimeter 22, a horizontal cross beam II 26 and a support column II 27, wherein the four horizontal cross beams I14 are mutually and perpendicularly connected, the top end of the support column I13 is connected with the horizontal cross beam I14 to form a cuboid support, one end of the device hanging frame cross beam 19 is connected with the middle of the right horizontal cross beam I14 of the cuboid support, the other end of the device hanging frame cross beam 19 is connected with the middle of the horizontal cross beam II 26, two ends of the horizontal cross beam II 26 are vertically connected with the top end of the support column II 27, the bottom surface of the device hanging frame cross beam 19 is provided with the device hanging frame 20 and a plurality of wire loops 25, the device hanging frame 20 is provided with the ultrasonic mud position meter 21 and the ultrasonic velocimeter 22, the two horizontal cross beams I14 parallel to the device hanging frame cross beam 19 are respectively equidistantly provided with a plurality of rainfall water pipe supports 15, and an impact force data transmission line 24 and a pore water pressure data transmission line 35 are connected with a computer 28 through the wire loops 25.
Preferably, a plurality of screw holes 43 are equidistantly formed in the bottom surface of the equipment hanging frame beam 19, a screw head 42 is arranged at the top end of the equipment hanging frame 20, and the equipment hanging frame 20 is fixed at the screw hole 434 of the bottom surface of the equipment hanging frame beam 19 through the screw head 42.
Preferably, the side baffle 32 of the experimental tank is made of transparent glass or transparent organic glass material, and the dam body 33 is formed by stacking tailing sand or homogeneous clay materials.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention can realize the simulation research of the whole disaster-causing process from the damage of the tailing dam or the earth-rock dam from the dam body to the formation of the dam-break mud-rock flow (flood) under the conditions of rainfall, flood and piping;
2. the invention can establish the space-time continuity relation between the instability destruction process of the dam and the dam-break debris flow (flood) in the downstream river course evolution process, understand the mechanism of the dam-break process and the essence of the dam-break risk, and grasp the law of the movement of the dam-break debris flow (flood);
3. according to the invention, various experimental parameters are automatically recorded through automatic monitoring equipment, so that the efficiency of simulation experiments is improved, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved;
4. the dam is subjected to breaking calculation through experimental parameters, so that the situation of the dam breaking debris flow (flood) can be predicted, the possible influence range of the dam breaking debris flow (flood) is known, and corresponding disaster prevention and reduction measures are formulated;
5. the parameters obtained through the experiment can be used for correcting and detecting the results of the related numerical simulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the construction of a water supply device and a rainfall simulation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rainfall simulation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the stent device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the equipment hanger and the equipment hanger beam in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dam damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device according to the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the piping catheter of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures are: 1-water storage tank, 2-main valve, 3-water pumping motor, 4-water pipe I, 5-water pipe II, 6-valve I, 7-flowmeter I, 8-water pipe III, 9-water pipe IV, 10-valve II, 11-flowmeter II, 12-water pipe V, 13-support column I, 14-horizontal beam I, 15-rainfall water pipe support, 16-rainfall main water pipe, 17-rainfall water diversion pipe, 18-rainfall spray pipe, 19-equipment hanging frame beam, 20-equipment hanging frame, 21-ultrasonic mud meter, 22-ultrasonic velometer, 23-impact force sensor, 24-impact force data transmission line, 25-wire loop, 26-horizontal beam II, 27-support column II 28-computer, 29-mud recycling box, 30-three-dimensional laser scanner, 31-experimental tank end baffle, 32-experimental tank side baffle, 33-stacked dam body, 34-piping conduit, 35-pore water pressure data transmission line, 36-dam break experimental tank, 37-experimental tank pillar, 38-water level scale mark, 39-dam body deformation observation grid, 40-experimental tank bottom plate, 41-high-speed camera, 42-screw head, 43-screw hole, 44-rainfall nozzle, 45-pore water pressure sensor, 46-water inlet pipe, 47-water outlet pipe, 48-cylinder flexible steel wire mesh, 49-steel wire mesh framework and 50-water stop cap.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 7, an experimental device for monitoring the whole disaster-causing process of unstability of a dispersion accumulation dam comprises a water supply device, a rainfall simulation device, a bracket device, a dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device;
one water outlet of the water supply device is connected with the rainfall simulation device, and the other water outlet is positioned above the left end of the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device; the rainfall simulation device is fixed at the top of the left side of the bracket device, and the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device is positioned below the bracket device;
the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device comprises an impact force sensor 23, an impact force data transmission line 24, a computer 28, a slurry recovery box 29, a three-dimensional laser scanner 30, an experimental tank end baffle 31, an experimental tank side baffle 32, a dam body 33, a piping conduit 34, a pore water pressure data transmission line 35, a dam break experimental tank 36, an experimental tank pillar 37, a water level scale line 38, a dam body deformation observation grid 39, an experimental tank bottom plate 40 and a high-speed camera 41, wherein the right end opening of the dam break experimental tank 36, the left end of the dam body is provided with the experimental tank end baffle 31, the two sides of the experimental tank side baffle 32 are provided with the experimental tank side baffle 32, the experimental tank side baffle 32 is made of transparent materials, the water level scale line 38 and a dam body deformation observation grid 39 are arranged on the experimental tank bottom plate 40, the bottom of the slurry recovery box 29 is positioned below the right end of the dam break experimental tank 36, the dam body 33 is positioned at the dam body deformation observation grid 39 on the dam break experimental tank 36, the two ends of the piping conduit 34 extend out of the dam body 33 and are opposite to the impact force sensor 33, the impact force sensor is directly opposite to the right end of the dam body 33, the impact force sensor is connected with the three-dimensional laser scanner 28, and the impact force sensor is directly opposite to the dam body 33, and the impact force sensor is directly opposite to the impact force sensor is positioned on the dam body side at the dam body 33, and is directly opposite to the impact force sensor on the impact force sensor.
The water level scale mark 38 is used for observing the height of the water level in the dam body, the accumulating dam body 33 is formed by accumulating tailing sand or homogeneous clay materials and is positioned at the dam body deformation observation grid 39, the high-speed camera 41 is opposite to the dam body deformation observation grid 39 and records the image from the initial test position to the final damage of the accumulating dam body 33, the dam body displacement is obtained by taking the dam body observation grid 39 as a reference through image analysis, then the vertical settlement and the longitudinal deformation of the dam body are calculated, the piping conduit 34 and the pore water pressure sensor 45 are buried in the accumulating dam body 33, the piping conduit 34 is used for simulating a piping channel when the piping of the dam body is damaged, the pore water pressure sensor 45 is used for monitoring the change of pore water pressure in the dam body, the impact force sensor 23 is arranged at the downstream of the accumulating dam body 33 and is used for monitoring the change of the impact force of the dam-break mud-rock flow, one end of the impact force data transmission line 24 and the pore water pressure data transmission line 35 are respectively connected with the impact force sensor 23 and the pore water pressure sensor 45 through the wire loop 25 and connected with the computer 28, and the computer 28 is used for storing and analyzing pore water pressure and impact force data.
Further, the piping conduit 34 includes a water inlet pipe 46, a water outlet pipe 47, a cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48, a steel wire mesh skeleton 49, and a water stop cap 50, where the water stop cap 50 is disposed at the left end of the water inlet pipe 46, the right end is fixedly connected with the steel wire mesh skeleton 49, the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 completely wraps the steel wire mesh skeleton 49 to form a cylindrical steel wire mesh channel, the steel wire mesh skeleton 49 is used to support the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 to prevent the piping channel from being blocked due to slumping holes, the water outlet pipe 47 contacts with the water inlet pipe 46 and completely wraps the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48, and the mesh diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is greater than the average particle size of the pile material of the pile dam 33, otherwise, the water cannot take away the silt from the mesh gaps.
Further, the inner diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the flexible steel wire mesh skeleton 49, the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is slidably inserted into the steel wire mesh skeleton 49 under the condition of a certain sliding resistance, the water outlet pipe 47 is in free contact with the water inlet pipe 46, the inner diameter of the water outlet pipe is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48, the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 can be freely inserted or pulled out, the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is completely wrapped, and the piping conduit 34 is shown in fig. 7. When piping damage is carried out, the water outlet pipe 47 is slowly pulled out from the dam body 33 of the accumulation dam, the water stop cap 50 is pulled out after the water level in the dam body is stable, water in the dam body flows from the water inlet pipe 46 to the water outlet pipe 47 under the action of gravity, and the water in the pipe brings out particles in meshes of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 in the flowing process, so that the simulation of the piping damage is realized. The mud recycling bin 29 is positioned below the right end of the dam break experimental tank 36 and used for collecting mud water generated after dam break, and the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 is positioned on the right side of the mud recycling bin 29 and right opposite to the dam body 33 of the dam for monitoring the erosion and damage process of rainfall and flood on the slope of the dam body.
Further, the dam damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device further comprises a pore water pressure sensor 45 embedded in the dam 33, and the pore water pressure sensor 45 is connected with the computer 28 through a pore water pressure data transmission line 35.
Further, the water supply device comprises a water storage tank 1, a main valve 2, a water pumping motor 3, a water pipe I4, a water pipe II 5, a valve I6, a flowmeter I7, a water pipe III 8, a water pipe IV 9, a valve II 10, a flowmeter II 11 and a water pipe V12, wherein the water storage tank 1 is externally connected with the main valve 2, the water pumping motor 3, the water pipe I4 and the water pipe II 5 are sequentially connected, the tail end of the water pipe II 5 is divided into two pipelines, the valve I6 and the water pipe III 8 are connected to form one pipeline, the flowmeter I7 is arranged on the water pipe III 8, the tail end of the water pipe IV 9 and the water pipe V12 are connected to form another pipeline, the water pipe IV 9 is provided with the valve II 10, the water pipe V12 is provided with the flowmeter II 11, the water outlet of the water pipe III 8 is communicated with the rainfall simulator, and the water outlet of the water pipe V12 is positioned above the left side of the dam break experimental tank 36. The water storage in the water storage tank 1 is pumped out by the water pumping motor 3 to provide power for simulating rainfall and flood conditions, water flows into the water pipe II 5 after passing through the main valve 2 and the water pipe I4, is divided into two pipelines at the tail end of the water pipe II 5, forms a pipeline to provide water for the rainfall simulation device through the valve I6, the flowmeter I7 and the water pipe III 8, controls the rainfall intensity through the cooperation of the valve I6 and the flowmeter I7, supplies water into the dam break experimental tank 36 through the other pipeline formed by the water pipe IV 9, the valve II 10, the flowmeter II 11 and the water pipe V12, controls the flood flow and the water supply through the cooperation of the valve II 10 and the flowmeter II 11, and controls the water flow of the whole water supply device to be turned on and off through the main valve 2.
Further, the rainfall simulation device comprises a rainfall water main 16, rainfall water diversion pipes 17, rainfall spray pipes 18 and rainfall spray heads 44, wherein the water outlet of the water pipe III 8 is communicated with the water inlet of the rainfall water main 16, a plurality of rainfall water diversion pipes 17 are arranged between the two rainfall water main 16 in parallel at equal intervals, the rainfall water diversion pipes 17 are vertically connected with the rainfall water main 16 to form a square closed water return pipeline, the rainfall spray pipes 18 are arranged on the rainfall water diversion pipes 17 at equal intervals, and 3 rainfall spray heads 44 are arranged on each rainfall spray pipe 18. The water flows into the rainfall spray pipe 18 through the rainfall total water pipe 16 and the rainfall water diversion pipe 17, and is sprayed out from the rainfall spray nozzle 44 under the action of water pressure and gravity, so that the simulation of rainfall is realized.
Further, the support device comprises a support column I13, a horizontal beam I14, a rainfall water pipe support 15, an equipment hanging frame beam 19, an equipment hanging frame 20, an ultrasonic mud level meter 21, an ultrasonic velocimeter 22, a wire ring 25, a horizontal beam II 26, a support column II 27, a screw head 42 and a screw hole 43. The four horizontal beams I14 are mutually perpendicular to be connected, and support column I13 top is connected with horizontal beam I14 and is constituted the cuboid support, and equipment stores pylon crossbeam 19 one end is connected the other end with cuboid support right side horizontal beam I14 middle part and is connected with horizontal beam II 26 middle part, and horizontal beam II 26 both ends are connected with support column II 27 top is perpendicular, constitutes the main part of carrying of whole support. 3 rainfall water pipe supports 15 are respectively equidistantly arranged on two horizontal beams I14 parallel to the equipment hanging frame beam 19, the rainfall water pipe supports 15 are used for fixedly supporting a rainfall simulation device, a group of screw holes 43 and wire rings 25 are arranged on the bottom surface of the equipment hanging frame beam 19, screw heads 42 are arranged on the top end of the equipment hanging frame 20 and are fixed on the screw holes 43 on the bottom surface of the equipment hanging frame beam 19 through the screw heads 42, an ultrasonic mud level meter 21 and an ultrasonic velocimeter 22 are arranged on the equipment hanging frame 20, the ultrasonic mud level meter 21 is used for monitoring and recording the flow depth change of dam-break debris flow flood, the ultrasonic velocimeter 22 is used for monitoring and recording the flow speed change of the dam-break debris flow flood, and the set quantity and the position of the equipment hanging frame 20 can be selected according to experimental requirements.
Further, a plurality of screw holes 43 are formed in the bottom surface of the equipment hanging frame beam 19 at equal intervals, screw heads 42 are arranged at the top ends of the equipment hanging frames 20, and the equipment hanging frames 20 are fixed at the screw holes 43 in the bottom surface of the equipment hanging frame beam 19 through the screw heads 42. Because of the large number of screw holes 43, the installation position of the equipment hanger 20 can be determined according to the actual situation.
Further, the side baffle 32 of the experimental tank is made of transparent glass or transparent organic glass material, and the dam body 33 is formed by stacking tailing sand or homogeneous clay materials.
The specific operation steps of the device for monitoring the whole disaster-causing process of the unstability of the dispersion dam are as follows:
1. experiments were designed. Determining the dam height H and the dam crest width L of the experimental accumulation dam according to experimental design requirements 1 Width L of dam bottom 2 The inner slope angle alpha of the accumulation dam, the outer slope angle beta of the accumulation dam, the water level in the reservoir is high h, and the rainfall intensity Q is designed j Flood flow rate Q h The number of required equipment hangers 20 and mounting positions, namely piping damage positions, namely piping guide pipes 34 are arranged at dam body positions, and when a piping damage experiment is designed, the piping guide pipes 34 are submerged by the water level design height h in the warehouse, otherwise, the piping damage experiment cannot be carried out.
2. And stacking the experimental dam. According to geometric parameters of the designed dam height H, the dam top width L1, the dam bottom width L2, the inner slope angle alpha of the dam and the outer slope angle beta of the dam, the dam body 33 is piled up by using tailing sand or homogeneous cohesive soil at the position of the dam body deformation observation grid 39, the piping conduit 34 is buried according to the designed piping damage position in the process of piling up the dam body 33, the pore water pressure sensor 45 is connected with the pore water pressure data transmission line 35 after being buried, and the piping conduit 34 is not buried if no piping damage experiment is carried out.
3. And (5) preparing experiments. After the impact force data transmission line 24 and the pore water pressure data transmission line 35 are connected with the sensors, the impact force data transmission line 24 and the pore water pressure data transmission line 35 are connected with the computer 28 through the wire ring 25, the computer 28 is started to check whether signals of the impact force sensor 23 and the pore water pressure sensor 45 can be normally received, the ultrasonic mud level meter 21 and the ultrasonic velocimeter 22 are debugged and started after the equipment hanger 20 is installed, the mud recovery box 29 is placed below the right end of the dam break experimental groove 36, the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 is placed on the right side of the mud recovery box 29 and is opposite to the dam 33 and is started, and the high-speed camera 41 is opposite to the dam deformation observation grid 39 and is started.
4. The test was performed. The main valve 2 and the valve II 10 are opened, the water pumping motor 3 is started to supply water into the dam, the water level scale mark 38 is observed, and when the water level height in the reservoir reaches h, the valve is closedII 10. Opening valve I6 to supply water to rainfall simulation device when rainfall simulation is performed, regulating valve I6 to observe flowmeter I7, and when flowmeter pointer points to Q j Stopping regulation at the moment, and indicating that the rainfall intensity reaches the experimental design rainfall intensity at the moment; when piping damage simulation is carried out, firstly, the water outlet pipe 47 is slowly pulled out of the accumulation dam, then the water stop cap 50 is pulled out, accumulated water in the reservoir enters the piping guide pipe 34 from the water inlet pipe 46, and the water flow in the pipe brings out particles in meshes of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 in the flowing process; restarting valve II 10 when flood top is broken, regulating valve II 10 to observe flowmeter II 11, and when flowmeter pointer points to Q h And stopping regulation, which indicates that the simulated flood reaches the experimental design flow.
5. After the experiment is finished, the data are saved and then analyzed and processed.
6. Repeating the experimental steps 1-5, and stacking experimental dams with different geometric dimensions to design different dam water level heights, rainfall intensities, flood flows, piping damage positions, and coupling damage of different dam damage reasons and various reasons, so that systematic research on dam damage and dam-break debris flow flood disaster-causing processes can be realized.
Aiming at the defects of the current dam break experimental device, the invention develops an experimental device for monitoring the whole dam break disaster-causing process of the dispersion dam, simulates the dam body damage and the dam break disaster-causing process of the earth-rock dam or the tailing dam under the rainfall and flood working conditions, and explores the dam break disaster-causing process mechanism in an omnibearing simulation way. According to the invention, under the conditions of rainfall, flood top and piping, the process of dam damage and dam-break debris flow flood in a downstream river channel of a tailing dam or a homogeneous earth dam can be simulated and researched through cooperation among devices, and parameters such as dam damage degree, dam pore water pressure, dam deformation, dam-break debris flow flood impact force, flow velocity and submerging height are recorded through automatic monitoring equipment, so that research on dam damage and disaster-causing process is realized.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes may be made in the embodiments and the application range thereof, and those skilled in the art can make various changes without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. Experimental device for dispersion dam unstability causes disaster overall process to monitor, its characterized in that: the dam-breaking debris flow motion experimental device comprises a water supply device, a rainfall simulation device, a bracket device and a dam-breaking debris flow motion experimental device;
one water outlet of the water supply device is connected with the rainfall simulation device, and the other water outlet is positioned above the left end of the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device; the rainfall simulation device is fixed at the top of the left side of the bracket device, and the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device is positioned below the bracket device;
the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device comprises an impact force sensor (23), an impact force data transmission line (24), a computer (28), a slurry recovery box (29), a three-dimensional laser scanner (30), an experimental tank end baffle (31), an experimental tank side baffle (32), a dam body (33), a piping guide tube (34), a pore water pressure data transmission line (35), a dam break experimental tank (36), an experimental tank pillar (37), a water level scale mark (38), a dam body deformation observation grid (39), an experimental tank bottom plate (40), a high-speed camera (41), an experimental tank (36) right end opening, an experimental tank end baffle (31) arranged at the left end, experimental tank side baffles (32) arranged at the two sides, wherein the experimental tank side baffles (32) are made of transparent materials, the experimental tank side baffle (32) is provided with the water level scale mark (38) and the dam body deformation observation grid (39), the experimental tank bottom plate (40) is provided with the experimental tank pillar (37) support, the recovery box (29) is positioned below the right end of the dam break experimental tank (36), the dam body (33) is positioned at the two ends of the piping guide tube (34) of the upper dam body and the pipe guide tube (34) extends out of the piping guide tube (34), the impact force sensor (23) is arranged at the right downstream of the dam body (33) of the accumulation dam and is connected with the computer (28) through the impact force data transmission line (24), the three-dimensional laser scanner (30) is positioned at the right side of the mud recycling bin (29) and is opposite to the dam body (33), and the high-speed camera (41) is opposite to the deformation observation grid (39) of the dam body;
the piping conduit (34) comprises a water inlet pipe (46), a water outlet pipe (47), a cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh (48), a steel wire mesh framework (49) and a water stop cap (50), wherein the water stop cap (50) is arranged at the left end of the water inlet pipe (46), the right end of the water inlet pipe is fixedly connected with the steel wire mesh framework (49), the steel wire mesh framework (49) is completely wrapped by the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh (48) to form a cylindrical steel wire mesh channel, the water outlet pipe (47) is in contact with the right end of the water inlet pipe (46) and completely wraps the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh (48), and the mesh diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh (48) is larger than the average grain diameter of a stacking material of the dam body (33);
the inner diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh (48) is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the flexible steel wire mesh framework (49), the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh (48) is inserted into the steel wire mesh framework (49) in a sliding manner under the condition of certain sliding resistance, and the inner diameter of the water outlet pipe (47) is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh (48) so as to be freely installed or pulled out;
the rainfall simulation device comprises a rainfall water main (16), rainfall water diversion pipes (17), rainfall spray pipes (18) and rainfall spray heads (44), wherein the water outlet of a water pipe III (8) is communicated with the water inlet of the rainfall water main (16), a plurality of rainfall water diversion pipes (17) are equidistantly arranged between two mutually parallel rainfall water main (16), the rainfall water diversion pipes (17) are vertically connected with the rainfall water main (16) to form a square closed water return pipeline, the rainfall spray pipes (18) are equidistantly arranged on the rainfall water diversion pipes (17), and 3 rainfall spray heads (44) are arranged on each rainfall spray pipe (18);
the support device comprises a support column I (13), a horizontal cross beam I (14), a rainfall water pipe support (15), an equipment hanging frame cross beam (19), an equipment hanging frame (20), an ultrasonic mud position meter (21), an ultrasonic velocimeter (22), a horizontal cross beam II (26) and a support column II (27), wherein the four horizontal cross beams I (14) are mutually perpendicular, the top ends of the support columns I (13) are connected with the horizontal cross beam I (14) to form a cuboid support, one end of the equipment hanging frame cross beam (19) is connected with the middle of the horizontal cross beam I (14) on the right side of the cuboid support, the other end of the equipment hanging frame cross beam is connected with the middle of the horizontal cross beam II (26), two ends of the horizontal cross beam II (26) are vertically connected with the top ends of the support column II (27), the equipment hanging frame cross beam (19) is provided with the equipment hanging frame (20), the ultrasonic mud position meter (21) and the ultrasonic velocimeter (22) are arranged on the equipment hanging frame (20), and a plurality of rainfall water pipe supports (15) are respectively equidistant on the two horizontal cross beams I (14) parallel to the equipment hanging frame.
2. The experimental device for monitoring the whole disaster-causing process of unstability of a dispersion accumulation dam according to claim 1, wherein the experimental device comprises: the dam body damage and dam break debris flow motion experimental device also comprises a pore water pressure sensor (45) in the embedded dam body (33), and the pore water pressure sensor (45) is connected with a computer (28) through a pore water pressure data transmission line (35).
3. The experimental device for monitoring the whole disaster-causing process of unstability of a dispersion accumulation dam according to claim 1, wherein the experimental device comprises: the water supply device comprises a water storage tank (1), a main valve (2), a water pumping motor (3), a water pipe I (4), a water pipe II (5), a valve I (6), a flowmeter I (7), a water pipe III (8), a water pipe IV (9), a valve II (10), a flowmeter II (11) and a water pipe V (12), wherein the water storage tank (1) is externally connected with the main valve (2), the water pumping motor (3), the water pipe I (4) and the water pipe II (5) are sequentially connected, the tail end of the water pipe II (5) is divided into two pipelines, the valve I (6) is connected with the water pipe III (8) to form one pipeline, the flowmeter I (7) is arranged on the water pipe III (8), the tail end of the water pipe IV (9) is connected with the water pipe V (12) to form the other pipeline, the valve II (10) is arranged on the water pipe V (12), the water outlet of the water pipe III (8) is communicated with a rainfall simulator, and the water outlet of the water pipe V (12) is positioned above the left side of a dam break experiment groove (36).
4. The experimental device for monitoring the whole disaster-causing process of unstability of a dispersion accumulation dam according to claim 1, wherein the experimental device comprises: the bottom surface equidistance of equipment stores pylon crossbeam (19) is equipped with a plurality of screw (43), and equipment stores pylon (20) top is equipped with spiral shell head (42), is fixed in equipment stores pylon crossbeam (19) bottom surface screw (43) department through spiral shell head (42) with equipment stores pylon (20).
5. The experimental device for monitoring the whole disaster-causing process of unstability of a dispersion accumulation dam according to claim 1, wherein the experimental device comprises: the bottom surface of the equipment hanging rack cross beam (19) is provided with a plurality of wire loops (25), and an impact force data transmission line (24) and a pore water pressure data transmission line (35) penetrate through the wire loops (25) to be connected with a computer (28).
6. The experimental device for monitoring the whole disaster-causing process of unstability of a dispersion accumulation dam according to claim 1, wherein the experimental device comprises: the side baffle (32) of the experimental tank is made of transparent glass or transparent organic glass material, and the dam body (33) of the dam is formed by stacking tailing sand or homogeneous clay materials.
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