CN111855443A - Experimental device for monitoring whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dam - Google Patents
Experimental device for monitoring whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental device for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of a discrete accumulation dam, belonging to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The device comprises a water supply device, a rainfall simulation device, a support device and a dam body damage and break debris flow movement experiment device. The water supply device provides required water for the experiment, the rainfall simulation device is used for simulating rainfall working conditions, the support device is used for supporting the rainfall simulation device and the hanging ultrasonic equipment, and the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experiment device is mainly used for completing research on dam body damage and dam break debris flow (flood) movement processes. The method can simulate and research the process of the tailings dam or the homogeneous earth dam from the dam body damage to the dam break debris flow (flood) in the downstream river course under the conditions of rainfall, flood overtopping and piping, and record parameters such as the dam body damage degree, the dam body pore water pressure, the dam body deformation, the dam break debris flow (flood) impact force, the flow speed, the submerging height and the like through automatic monitoring equipment, so as to realize the research on the dam body damage and disaster causing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster causing of a bulk storage dam, which is mainly used for experimental research on the damage process of a tailing dam or a homogeneous earth dam and the disaster causing process of dam break debris flow (flood), and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering.
Background
Currently, the research on the problem of dam break can be divided into two major areas: (1) the dam break debris flow (flood) is in the process of the downstream valley evolution; (2) the dam breaks the breaking process. Relevant research results and actual engineering experience show that the effective dam burst early warning mechanism and the disaster prevention and reduction scheme can obviously reduce casualties and property loss. On the other hand, the rapid and accurate forecast of the dam break debris flow (flood) evolution process can provide important reference for the establishment and implementation of disaster prevention and reduction schemes. However, the existing results are more than the dam break debris flow (flood) evolution model and calculation method research, the inherent continuity of the dam body damage process and the dam break debris flow (flood) disaster causing process is neglected, and a certain difference exists between the dam break and the actual dam break disaster causing process.
Flood overtopping, dam foundation instability, piping and earthquake are the main reasons for dam body damage. Under the laboratory condition, the dam body damage problem is generally researched according to the model similarity principle to carry out dam stacking experiments, more experimental devices are used for flood overtopping and earthquake damage, and the dam piping damage experiment research is less; the simulation of dam break debris flow (flood) evolution problem can usually be carried out in the slot, prepares the mud of certain concentration in advance, holds and separates with the gate with the slot tip, releases mud through the control gate, simulates the debris flow (flood) that the instantaneous dam break formed, and for the dam break process of progressively destroying, its result of experiment is bigger than normal. The dam body is damaged to form dam break debris flow (flood) which is a continuous disaster-causing process, the current experimental research usually cuts apart two processes and independently researches the two processes to be inconsistent with the actual dam break process, and the defects still exist and the places needing improvement exist. In addition, although the dam breaking geotechnical experiment under the condition of large scale can completely simulate and reproduce the dam body damage and the dam breaking debris flow (flood) disaster causing process in the dam breaking process, the dam breaking geotechnical experiment under the condition of large scale has trivial and trivial engineering operation in the process of reducing the dam body and the original terrain, has huge manpower and material consumption, and is difficult to carry out a large number of repeated experiments to ensure the high efficiency of the experiment. Therefore, the continuity, the integrity and the high efficiency of the dam break experimental device have important application significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing dam break experimental device, the invention provides an experimental device for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster causing of a bulk storage dam, which can simulate the process from dam destruction to dam break debris flow (flood) evolution in a downstream river channel under the conditions of rainfall, flood overtopping and piping, and record the parameter changes of dam destruction degree, dam pore water pressure, dam deformation, dam break debris flow (flood) impact force, flow speed, submergence height and the like through automatic monitoring equipment, thereby further realizing the research on the dam destruction and disaster causing process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an experiment device for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster causing of a bulk accumulation dam comprises a water supply device, a rainfall simulation device, a bracket device and a dam body damage and break debris flow movement experiment device;
one water outlet of the water supply device is connected with the rainfall simulation device, and the other water outlet is positioned above the left end of the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experiment device; the rainfall simulation device is fixed at the top of the left side of the bracket device, and the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experiment device is positioned below the bracket device;
the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experiment device comprises an impact force sensor 23, an impact force data transmission line 24, a computer 28, a mud recovery box 29, a three-dimensional laser scanner 30, an experiment groove end baffle 31, an experiment groove side baffle 32, a stacked dam body 33, a piping guide pipe 34, a pore water pressure data transmission line 35, a dam break experiment groove 36, an experiment groove support 37, a water level scale line 38, a dam body deformation observation grid 39, an experiment groove bottom plate 40 and a high-speed camera 41, wherein the right end opening and the left end of the dam break experiment groove 36 are provided with the experiment groove end baffle 31, the two sides of the experiment groove side baffle 32 are provided with the experiment groove end baffle 31, the experiment groove side baffle 32 is made of transparent materials, the experiment groove side baffle 32 is provided with the water level scale line 38 and the dam body deformation observation grid 39, the experiment groove support 37 is arranged at the bottom of the experiment groove bottom plate 40, the mud recovery box 29 is positioned below, the accumulation dam body 33 is located at a dam body deformation observation grid 39 on the dam break experiment groove 36, a piping guide pipe 34 is buried in the dam body, two ends of the piping guide pipe 34 extend out of the accumulation dam body 33, the impact force sensor 23 is arranged on the downstream of the right side of the accumulation dam body 33 and is connected with the computer 28 through an impact force data transmission line 24, the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 is located on the right side of the slurry recovery box 29 and is opposite to the accumulation dam body 33, and the high-speed camera 41 is opposite to the dam body deformation observation grid 39.
Specifically, piping pipe 34 includes inlet tube 46, outlet pipe 47, cylinder flexible steel wire net 48, steel wire net skeleton 49, stagnant water cap 50, and inlet tube 46 left end is equipped with stagnant water cap 50, and the right-hand member and steel wire net skeleton 49 fixed connection, cylinder flexible steel wire net 48 wraps up steel wire net skeleton 49 completely and constitutes a cylinder steel wire net passageway, and outlet pipe 47 contacts and wraps up cylinder flexible steel wire net 48 completely with inlet tube 46 right-hand member, and the mesh diameter of cylinder flexible steel wire net 48 is greater than the average particle diameter of piling up the material of dam body 33.
More specifically, the inner diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the flexible steel wire mesh framework 49, the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is slidably inserted into the steel wire mesh framework 49 under a certain sliding resistance condition, and the inner diameter of the water outlet pipe 47 is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48, so that the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh can be freely installed or pulled out.
Preferably, the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experimental device further comprises a pore water pressure sensor 45 arranged inside the built-in accumulation dam body 33, and the pore water pressure sensor 45 is connected with the computer 28 through a pore water pressure data transmission line 35.
Specifically, water supply installation include storage water tank 1, main valve 2, water pumping motor 3, water pipe I4, water pipe II 5, valve I6, flowmeter I7, water pipe III 8, water pipe IV 9, valve II 10, flowmeter II 11, water pipe V12, storage water tank 1 external main valve 2, water pumping motor 3, water pipe I4, water pipe II 5 connects gradually, water pipe II 5 end divide into two pipelines, valve I6 is connected with water pipe III 8 and is constituteed a pipeline, be equipped with flowmeter I7 on the water pipe III 8, water pipe IV 9 end is connected with water pipe V12 and is constituteed another pipeline, be equipped with valve II 10 on the water pipe IV 9, be equipped with flowmeter II 11 on the water pipe V12, the delivery port and the rainfall analogue means intercommunication of water pipe III 8, the delivery port of water pipe V12 is located dam break experimental groove 36 left side top.
Specifically, the rainfall simulation device comprises a rainfall main pipe 16, rainfall water distribution pipes 17, rainfall spray pipes 18 and rainfall spray heads 44, wherein a water outlet of a water pipe III 8 is communicated with a water inlet of the rainfall main pipe 16, a plurality of rainfall water distribution pipes 17 are arranged between two parallel rainfall main pipes 16 at equal intervals, the rainfall water distribution pipes 17 are vertically connected with the rainfall main pipe 16 to form a square closed water return pipeline, the rainfall water distribution pipes 17 are equidistantly provided with the rainfall spray pipes 18, and each rainfall spray pipe 18 is provided with 3 rainfall spray heads 44.
Specifically, the support device comprises a support column I13, a horizontal beam I14, rainfall water pipe supports 15, an equipment hanger beam 19, an equipment hanger 20, an ultrasonic mud level meter 21, an ultrasonic velocimeter 22, a horizontal beam II 26 and a support column II 27, wherein the four horizontal beams I14 are mutually and vertically connected, the top end of the support column I13 is connected with the horizontal beam I14 to form a cubic support, one end of the equipment hanger beam 19 is connected with the middle part of the horizontal beam I14 on the right side of the cubic support, the other end of the equipment hanger beam is connected with the middle part of the horizontal beam II 26, two ends of the horizontal beam II 26 are vertically connected with the top end of the support column II 27, the bottom surface of the equipment hanger beam 19 is provided with the equipment hanger 20 and a plurality of wire rings 25, the equipment hanger 20 is provided with the ultrasonic mud level meter 21 and the ultrasonic velocimeter 22, the two horizontal beams I14, the impact force data transmission line 24 and the pore water pressure data transmission line 35 are connected with the computer 28 through the wire ring 25.
Preferably, a plurality of screw holes 43 are equidistantly formed in the bottom surface of the equipment hanger beam 19, a screw head 42 is formed at the top end of the equipment hanger 20, and the equipment hanger 20 is fixed to the screw holes 434 in the bottom surface of the equipment hanger beam 19 through the screw head 42.
Preferably, the side baffle 32 of the experimental groove is made of transparent glass or transparent organic glass material, and the accumulation dam body 33 is formed by accumulating tailing sand or homogeneous clay material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can realize the simulation research of the whole disaster-causing process from the dam body destruction of the tailing dam or the earth-rock dam to the formation of dam break debris flow (flood) under the conditions of rainfall, flood overtopping and piping;
2. the invention can establish the spatial and temporal continuity relation between the self instability destruction process of the dam and the dam break debris flow (flood) in the downstream river course evolution process, understand the mechanism of the dam break process and the essence of the dam break risk, and master the movement rule of the dam break debris flow (flood);
3. according to the invention, various experimental parameters are automatically recorded through the automatic monitoring equipment, so that the efficiency of a simulation experiment is improved, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved;
4. the dam is subjected to collapse calculation through experimental parameters, the situation of dam-collapse debris flow (flood) can be predicted, the possible influence range of the dam-collapse debris flow (flood) is known, and corresponding disaster prevention and reduction measures are made;
5. the parameters obtained by experiment can be used for correcting and detecting the result of the relevant numerical simulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the construction of a water supply apparatus and a rainfall simulation apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the construction of a rainfall simulation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the stent device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a connection structure of an equipment hanger and an equipment hanger cross member according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the piping conduit of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-water storage tank, 2-main valve, 3-water pumping motor, 4-water pipe I, 5-water pipe II, 6-valve I, 7-flowmeter I, 8-water pipe III, 9-water pipe IV, 10-valve II, 11-flowmeter II, 12-water pipe V, 13-support pillar I, 14-horizontal beam I, 15-rainfall water pipe support, 16-rainfall main, 17-rainfall shunt pipe, 18-rainfall spray pipe, 19-equipment hanger beam, 20-equipment hanger, 21-ultrasonic mud level meter, 22-ultrasonic velocimeter, 23-impact force sensor, 24-impact force data transmission line, 25-wire ring, 26-horizontal beam II, 27-support pillar II, 28-computer, 29-mud recovery box, 30-three-dimensional laser scanner, 31-test groove end baffle, 32-groove side baffle, 33-stacking dam body, 34-experimental piping guide pipe, 34-experimental groove end baffle, 28-computer, 29-slurry recovery box, 30-three-dimensional laser scanner, 3-experimental groove end baffle, 32-groove, 35-pore water pressure data transmission line, 36-dam break experiment groove, 37-experiment groove support column, 38-water level scale mark, 39-dam body deformation observation grid, 40-experiment groove bottom plate, 41-high speed camera, 42-screw head, 43-screw hole, 44-rainfall spray head, 45-pore water pressure sensor, 46-water inlet pipe, 47-water outlet pipe, 48-cylinder flexible steel wire mesh, 49-steel wire mesh framework and 50-water stop cap.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 7, an experimental device for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of a bulk storage dam comprises a water supply device, a rainfall simulation device, a bracket device and a dam body damage and break debris flow movement experimental device;
one water outlet of the water supply device is connected with the rainfall simulation device, and the other water outlet is positioned above the left end of the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experiment device; the rainfall simulation device is fixed at the top of the left side of the bracket device, and the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experiment device is positioned below the bracket device;
the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experiment device comprises an impact force sensor 23, an impact force data transmission line 24, a computer 28, a mud recovery box 29, a three-dimensional laser scanner 30, an experiment groove end baffle 31, an experiment groove side baffle 32, a stacked dam body 33, a piping guide pipe 34, a pore water pressure data transmission line 35, a dam break experiment groove 36, an experiment groove support 37, a water level scale line 38, a dam body deformation observation grid 39, an experiment groove bottom plate 40 and a high-speed camera 41, wherein the right end opening and the left end of the dam break experiment groove 36 are provided with the experiment groove end baffle 31, the two sides of the experiment groove side baffle 32 are provided with the experiment groove end baffle 31, the experiment groove side baffle 32 is made of transparent materials, the experiment groove side baffle 32 is provided with the water level scale line 38 and the dam body deformation observation grid 39, the experiment groove support 37 is arranged at the bottom of the experiment groove bottom plate 40, the mud recovery box 29 is positioned below, the accumulation dam body 33 is located at a dam body deformation observation grid 39 on the dam break experiment groove 36, a piping guide pipe 34 is buried in the dam body, two ends of the piping guide pipe 34 extend out of the accumulation dam body 33, the impact force sensor 23 is arranged on the downstream of the right side of the accumulation dam body 33 and is connected with the computer 28 through an impact force data transmission line 24, the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 is located on the right side of the slurry recovery box 29 and is opposite to the accumulation dam body 33, and the high-speed camera 41 is opposite to the dam body deformation observation grid 39.
The water level scale mark 38 is used for observing the water level height in the dam body, the dam body 33 of the accumulation dam is formed by accumulating tailing sand or homogeneous clay materials and is positioned at the position of a dam body deformation observation grid 39, the high-speed camera 41 just faces the dam body deformation observation grid 39 to record images of the dam body 33 from an initial test position to final damage, the dam body offset is obtained by taking the dam body observation grid 39 as a reference through image analysis, the vertical settlement and the vertical deformation of the dam body are further calculated, the piping conduit 34 and the pore water pressure sensor 45 are embedded in the dam body 33 of the accumulation dam, the piping conduit 34 is used for simulating a piping channel when piping of the dam body is damaged, the pore water pressure sensor 45 is used for monitoring the change of pore water pressure in the dam body, the impact force sensor 23 is arranged at the downstream of the dam body 33 and is used for monitoring the change of the impact force of the break dam debris flow and the impact force data transmission line 24 and one end of the pore water pressure data transmission line 35 are respectively connected with the impact, The pore water pressure sensor 45 is connected with the other end of the pore water pressure sensor and penetrates through the wire loop 25 to be connected with the computer 28, and the computer 28 is used for storing and analyzing pore water pressure and impact force data.
Further, piping pipe 34 includes inlet tube 46, outlet pipe 47, the flexible wire net of cylinder 48, wire net skeleton 49, stagnant water cap 50, inlet tube 46 left end is equipped with stagnant water cap 50, right-hand member and wire net skeleton 49 fixed connection, the flexible wire net of cylinder 48 wraps up wire net skeleton 49 completely and constitutes a cylinder wire net passageway, wire net skeleton 49 is used for supporting the flexible wire net of cylinder 48 and prevents to block up the piping passageway because of the hole that collapses, outlet pipe 47 and inlet tube 46 contact and wrap up the flexible wire net of cylinder 48 completely, the mesh diameter of the flexible wire net of cylinder 48 is greater than the average particle diameter of piling up dam body 33 heap material, otherwise rivers can not take away silt from the mesh gap.
Further, the inner diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the flexible steel wire mesh framework 49, the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is inserted into the steel wire mesh framework 49 in a sliding manner under a certain sliding resistance condition, the water outlet pipe 47 is freely contacted with the water inlet pipe 46, the inner diameter of the water outlet pipe is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48, the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 can be freely installed or pulled out, the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 is completely wrapped, and the piping conduit 34 is as shown in fig.. When piping damage is carried out, firstly, the water outlet pipe 47 is slowly pulled out from the interior of the dam body 33 of the accumulation dam, the water stop cap 50 is pulled out after the water level in the dam body is stable, water flow in the dam body flows towards the direction of the water outlet pipe 47 from the water inlet pipe 46 under the action of gravity, and particles in meshes of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 are taken out by the water flow in the pipe in the flowing process, so that the piping damage is simulated. The mud recovery box 29 is located below the right end of the break dam experiment groove 36 and used for collecting mud water generated after dam break, and the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 is located on the right side of the mud recovery box 29 and opposite to the dam body 33 of the accumulation dam and used for monitoring erosion damage processes of rainfall and overtopping flood to the slope surface of the dam body.
Furthermore, the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experimental device further comprises a pore water pressure sensor 45 which is embedded in the built-in accumulation dam body 33, and the pore water pressure sensor 45 is connected with the computer 28 through a pore water pressure data transmission line 35.
Further, the water supply device comprises a water storage tank 1, a main valve 2, a water pumping motor 3, a water pipe I4, a water pipe II 5, a valve I6, a flowmeter I7, a water pipe III 8, a water pipe IV 9, a valve II 10, a flowmeter II 11 and a water pipe V12, wherein the water storage tank 1 is externally connected with the main valve 2, the water pumping motor 3, the water pipe I4 and the water pipe II 5 are sequentially connected, the tail end of the water pipe II 5 is divided into two pipelines, the valve I6 is connected with the water pipe III 8 to form one pipeline, the flowmeter I7 is arranged on the water pipe III 8, the tail end of the water pipe IV 9 is connected with the water pipe V12 to form another pipeline, the valve II 10 is arranged on the water pipe IV 9, the flowmeter II 11 is arranged on the water pipe V12, the water outlet of the water pipe III 8 is communicated with. Impoundment is taken out by pump motor 3 for the rainfall simulation in the storage water tank 1, the flood operating mode provides power and guarantees, rivers are through total valve 2, water pipe II 5 of flowing into behind I4 of water pipe, II 5 ends divide into two pipelines at water pipe, rivers are through valve I6, flowmeter I7, a pipeline is constituteed to water pipe III 8 provides the water supply for rainfall analogue means, realize the control to rainfall intensity through valve I6 and flowmeter I7 cooperation control, rivers are through water pipe IV 9, valve II 10, flowmeter II 11, another pipeline that water pipe V12 constitutes, supply water in dam break experimental groove 36, through valve II 10, the control of the flood flow that can realize right and the break-make of water supply of the cooperation control of flowmeter II 11, the break-make of the whole water supply installation rivers of total valve 2 control.
Further, the rainfall simulation device comprises a rainfall main pipe 16, rainfall distribution pipes 17, rainfall spray pipes 18 and rainfall spray heads 44, wherein the water outlet of the water pipe III 8 is communicated with the water inlet of the rainfall main pipe 16, a plurality of rainfall distribution pipes 17 are arranged between the two parallel rainfall main pipes 16 at equal intervals, the rainfall distribution pipes 17 are vertically connected with the rainfall main pipe 16 to form a square closed water return pipeline, the rainfall distribution pipes 17 are equidistantly provided with the rainfall spray pipes 18, and each rainfall spray pipe 18 is provided with 3 rainfall spray heads 44. Water flows into the rainfall spray pipe 18 through the rainfall main 16 and the rainfall water distribution pipe 17, and is sprayed out from the rainfall spray head 44 under the action of water pressure and gravity, so that rainfall simulation is realized.
Further, the support device comprises a support column I13, a horizontal beam I14, a rainfall water pipe support 15, an equipment hanger beam 19, an equipment hanger 20, an ultrasonic mud level meter 21, an ultrasonic velocimeter 22, a wire ring 25, a horizontal beam II 26, a support column II 27, a screw head 42 and a screw hole 43. The four horizontal beams I14 are mutually vertically connected, the top ends of the supporting columns I13 are connected with the horizontal beams I14 to form a cubic support, one end of the equipment hanger beam 19 is connected with the middle of the horizontal beam I14 on the right side of the cubic support, the other end of the equipment hanger beam is connected with the middle of the horizontal beam II 26, the two ends of the horizontal beam II 26 are vertically connected with the top ends of the supporting columns II 27 to form a main hanging and loading part of the whole support. Be equipped with 3 rainfall water pipe support 15 on two horizontal beam I14 parallel with equipment hanger crossbeam 19 respectively the equidistance, rainfall water pipe support 15 is used for the fixed stay rainfall analogue means, equipment hanger crossbeam 19 bottom surface is equipped with a set of screw 43, wire ring 25, equipment hanger 20 top is equipped with spiral shell head 42 and it is fixed in on equipment hanger crossbeam 19 bottom surface screw 43 through spiral shell head 42, be equipped with ultrasonic wave mud position meter 21 on the equipment hanger 20, ultrasonic wave tachymeter 22, ultrasonic wave mud position meter 21 is used for monitoring record dam break mud-rock flow flood's the change of the depth of flow, ultrasonic wave tachymeter 22 is used for monitoring record dam break mud-rock flow flood's the velocity of flow change, equipment hanger 20 sets up quantity and position and can select according to the experiment demand.
Further, a plurality of screw holes 43 are equidistantly formed in the bottom surface of the equipment hanger beam 19, a screw head 42 is arranged at the top end of the equipment hanger 20, and the equipment hanger 20 is fixed to the screw holes 43 in the bottom surface of the equipment hanger beam 19 through the screw heads 42. Due to the fact that the number of the screw holes 43 is large, the installation position of the equipment hanging frame 20 can be determined according to actual conditions.
Further, the side baffle 32 of the experimental groove is made of transparent glass or transparent organic glass material, and the accumulation dam body 33 is formed by accumulating tailing sand or homogeneous clay material.
The specific operation steps of the device for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of the bulk storage dam are as follows:
1. and (4) designing an experiment. Determining the height H and the top width L of the experimental stacking dam according to the experimental design requirements1The width of the dam bottom L2The inner slope angle alpha and the outer slope angle beta of the accumulation dam, the water level in the reservoir is high h, and the designed rainfall intensity QjFlood flow rate QhThe number and the mounting position of the required equipment hangers 20, the piping damage position, namely the piping conduit 34, are the dam body mounting position, and the designed height h of the water level in the reservoir should submerge the position of the piping conduit 34 during the piping damage experiment, otherwise, the piping damage experiment cannot be carried out.
2. And (5) accumulating the experimental dam. According to the geometrical parameters of the designed height H of the stacking dam, the width L1 of the dam top, the width L2 of the dam bottom, the internal slope angle alpha of the stacking dam and the external slope angle beta of the stacking dam, tailing sand or homogeneous cohesive soil is used for stacking the stacking dam 33 at the dam deformation observation grid 39, a piping conduit 34 is buried according to the designed piping damage position in the process of stacking the stacking dam 33, a pore water pressure sensor 45 is connected with a pore water pressure data transmission line 35 after the burying is finished, and the piping conduit 34 is not buried if a piping damage experiment is not carried out.
3. And (4) preparing an experiment. The method comprises the steps of connecting an impact force data transmission line 24 and a pore water pressure data transmission line 35 with sensors, enabling the sensors to penetrate through a wire guide ring 25 to be connected with a computer 28, starting the computer 28 to check whether signals of the impact force sensor 23 and the pore water pressure sensor 45 can be normally received, debugging and starting an ultrasonic mud level meter 21 and an ultrasonic velocimeter 22 after installing an equipment hanger 20, placing a mud recovery box 29 below the right end of a dam break experimental groove 36, placing a three-dimensional laser scanner 30 on the right side of the mud recovery box 29 to face a dam body 33 of a stacking dam and starting, and enabling a high-speed camera 41 to face a dam body deformation observation grid 39 and starting.
4. Tests were carried out. And opening the main valve 2 and the valve II 10, starting the water pumping motor 3 to supply water into the accumulation dam, and closing the valve II 10 when the height of the water level in the reservoir reaches h by observing the water level scale mark 38. When rainfall simulation is carried out, the valve I6 is opened to supply water to the rainfall simulation device, the valve I6 is adjusted to observe the flowmeter I7, and when the pointer of the flowmeter points to QjStopping adjusting, and showing that the rainfall intensity reaches the experimental design rainfall intensity; when piping damage simulation is carried out, firstly, the water outlet pipe 47 is slowly pulled out of the stacking dam, then the water stop cap 50 is pulled out, accumulated water in the reservoir enters the piping guide pipe 34 from the water inlet pipe 46, and water flow in the pipe brings out particles in meshes of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh 48 in the flowing process; re-opening the valve II 10 when flood overtopping damage is carried out, adjusting the valve II 10 to observe the flowmeter II 11, and when the flowmeter pointer points to QhAnd stopping adjusting, and showing that the simulated flood reaches the experimental design flow.
5. After the experiment is finished, the data is stored and then analyzed and processed.
6. And repeating the experimental steps 1-5, and designing the water level height, rainfall intensity, flood flow, piping damage position, different dam body damage reasons and coupling damage of multiple reasons in different dams by piling experimental stacking dams with different geometrical sizes, so that the system research on dam body damage and dam break debris flow flood disaster-causing processes can be realized.
Aiming at the defects of the existing dam break experiment device, the invention develops the experiment device for monitoring the whole process of instability disaster causing of the discrete accumulation dam, simulates the disaster causing process of dam body damage and dam break of the earth-rock dam or the tailing dam under the working conditions of rainfall and flood, and comprehensively simulates and explores the mechanism of the dam break disaster causing process. The invention can simulate and research the process of the tailings dam or the homogeneous earth dam from the dam body damage and the dam break debris flow flood to the downstream river channel under the conditions of rainfall, flood overtopping and piping through the cooperation of all the devices, and records the parameters of the dam body damage degree, the dam body pore water pressure, the dam body deformation, the dam break debris flow flood impact force, the flow velocity, the submerging height and the like through automatic monitoring equipment, thereby realizing the research on the dam body damage and disaster causing process.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental device for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of a bulk accumulation dam is characterized in that: the device comprises a water supply device, a rainfall simulation device, a bracket device and a dam body damage and break debris flow movement experiment device;
one water outlet of the water supply device is connected with the rainfall simulation device, and the other water outlet is positioned above the left end of the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experiment device; the rainfall simulation device is fixed at the top of the left side of the bracket device, and the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experiment device is positioned below the bracket device;
the dam body destruction and dam break debris flow movement experiment device comprises an impact force sensor (23), an impact force data transmission line (24), a computer (28), a mud recovery box (29), a three-dimensional laser scanner (30), an experiment groove end baffle (31), an experiment groove side baffle (32), a dam accumulation dam body (33), a piping guide pipe (34), a pore water pressure data transmission line (35), a dam break experiment groove (36), an experiment groove support column (37), water level scale marks (38), a dam body deformation observation grid (39), an experiment groove bottom plate (40), a high-speed camera (41), a dam break experiment groove (36) right end opening, an experiment groove end baffle (31) arranged at the left end, experiment groove side baffles (32) arranged at two sides, the experiment groove side baffle (32) made of transparent materials, and a scale mark (38) arranged on the experiment groove side baffle (32), The dam body deformation observation grid (39), an experiment groove support column (37) is arranged at the bottom of an experiment groove bottom plate (40) for supporting, a slurry recovery box (29) is positioned below the right end of a dam break experiment groove (36), a stacking dam body (33) is positioned at the dam body deformation observation grid (39) on the dam break experiment groove (36), and a piping guide pipe (34) is embedded in the dam body, two ends of the piping guide pipe (34) extend out of the stacking dam body (33), an impact force sensor (23) is arranged at the downstream of the right side of the stacking dam body (33) and is connected with a computer (28) through an impact force data transmission line (24), a three-dimensional laser scanner (30) is positioned at the right side of the slurry recovery box (29) and is right opposite to the stacking dam body (33), and a high-speed camera (41) is right opposite to the dam body deformation observation grid (39).
2. The experimental facility for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: piping pipe (34) are including inlet tube (46), outlet pipe (47), cylinder flexible steel wire net (48), steel wire net skeleton (49), stagnant water cap (50), inlet tube (46) left end is equipped with stagnant water cap (50), right-hand member and steel wire net skeleton (49) fixed connection, cylinder flexible steel wire net (48) wrap up steel wire net skeleton (49) completely and constitute a cylinder steel wire net passageway, outlet pipe (47) and inlet tube (46) right-hand member contact and wrap up cylinder flexible steel wire net (48) completely, the mesh diameter of cylinder flexible steel wire net (48) is greater than the average particle diameter of piling up dam body (33) heap material.
3. The experimental facility for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dams according to claim 2, characterized in that: the inner diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh (48) is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the flexible steel wire mesh framework (49), the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh (48) is inserted into the steel wire mesh framework (49) in a sliding mode under the condition of certain sliding resistance, and the inner diameter of the water outlet pipe (47) is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical flexible steel wire mesh (48) and can be freely installed or pulled out.
4. The experimental facility for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dam body damage and dam break debris flow movement experiment device further comprises a pore water pressure sensor (45) arranged inside the built-in accumulation dam body (33), and the pore water pressure sensor (45) is connected with the computer (28) through a pore water pressure data transmission line (35).
5. The experimental facility for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water supply device comprises a water storage tank (1), a main valve (2), a water pumping motor (3), a water pipe I (4), a water pipe II (5), a valve I (6), a flowmeter I (7), a water pipe III (8), a water pipe IV (9), a valve II (10), a flowmeter II (11) and a water pipe V (12), wherein the water storage tank (1) is externally connected with the main valve (2), the water pumping motor (3), the water pipe I (4) and the water pipe II (5) are sequentially connected, the tail end of the water pipe II (5) is divided into two pipelines, the valve I (6) and the water pipe III (8) are connected to form one pipeline, the water pipe III (8) is provided with the flowmeter I (7), the tail end of the water pipe IV (9) is connected with the water pipe V (12) to form the other pipeline, the water pipe IV (9) is provided with the valve II (10), the water pipe V (12), the water outlet of the water pipe V (12) is positioned above the left side of the dam-breaking experimental groove (36).
6. The experimental facility for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: rainfall simulation device include rainfall water main (16), rainfall distributive pipe (17), rainfall spray tube (18), rainfall shower nozzle (44), the delivery port of water pipe III (8) and the water inlet intercommunication of rainfall water main (16), equidistance is equipped with a plurality of rainfall distributive pipes (17) between two rainfall water main (16) that are parallel to each other, rainfall distributive pipe (17) are connected perpendicularly with rainfall water main (16) and are constituted square closed return water pipeline, the equidistance is equipped with rainfall spray tube (18) on rainfall distributive pipe (17), be equipped with 3 rainfall shower nozzles (44) on every rainfall spray tube (18).
7. The experimental facility for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: the support device comprises a support column I (13), a horizontal beam I (14), a rainfall water pipe support (15), an equipment hanger beam (19), an equipment hanger (20), an ultrasonic mud level meter (21), an ultrasonic velocimeter (22), a horizontal beam II (26) and a support column II (27), wherein the four horizontal beams I (14) are mutually perpendicular and connected, the top end of the support column I (13) is connected with the horizontal beam I (14) to form a cubic support, one end of the equipment hanger beam (19) is connected with the middle part of the horizontal beam I (14) on the right side of the cubic support, the other end of the equipment hanger beam is connected with the middle part of the horizontal beam II (26), the two ends of the horizontal beam II (26) are perpendicular and connected with the top end of the support column II (27), the equipment hanger (20) is arranged on the bottom surface of the equipment hanger beam (19), the ultrasonic mud level, and a plurality of rainfall water pipe supports (15) are respectively arranged on two horizontal beams I (14) parallel to the equipment hanging rack beam (19) at equal intervals.
8. The experimental facility for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dams according to claim 7, wherein: the bottom surface of the equipment hanging rack beam (19) is equidistantly provided with a plurality of screw holes (43), the top end of the equipment hanging rack (20) is provided with a screw head (42), and the equipment hanging rack (20) is fixed on the bottom surface of the equipment hanging rack beam (19) through the screw head (42).
9. The experimental facility for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dams according to claim 7, wherein: the bottom surface of the equipment hanger beam (19) is provided with a plurality of wire rings (25), and an impact force data transmission line (24) and a pore water pressure data transmission line (35) penetrate through the wire rings (25) and are connected with a computer (28).
10. The experimental facility for monitoring the whole process of instability and disaster of bulk material accumulation dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: the experimental groove side baffle (32) is made of transparent glass or transparent organic glass materials, and the accumulation dam body (33) is formed by accumulating tailing sand or homogeneous clay materials.
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| CN115662261A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-01-31 | 昆明理工大学 | Experimental device for simulating dam break model of tailing pond under various working conditions |
| CN115979923A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-04-18 | 中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tailing pond permeation destruction simulation test device and test method |
| CN116296265B (en) * | 2023-05-18 | 2023-09-01 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Device and method for measuring impact force spatial distribution of debris flow accumulation sector |
| CN116296265A (en) * | 2023-05-18 | 2023-06-23 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Device and method for measuring impact force spatial distribution of debris flow accumulation sector |
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