CN115420878A - Test device and test method for simulating landslide caused by river dynamic erosion - Google Patents
Test device and test method for simulating landslide caused by river dynamic erosion Download PDFInfo
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- CN115420878A CN115420878A CN202211055802.3A CN202211055802A CN115420878A CN 115420878 A CN115420878 A CN 115420878A CN 202211055802 A CN202211055802 A CN 202211055802A CN 115420878 A CN115420878 A CN 115420878A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for simulating river dynamic erosion to cause landslide, wherein the test device comprises a water source supply device, a simulated slope scouring device and a monitoring device, wherein the water source supply device comprises a reservoir and a water injection tank; the water injection tank is communicated with the reservoir through a water passing pipeline, and the analog slope scouring device is arranged on one side of the reservoir; the simulated slope scouring device comprises a slope model and a water tank; the slope model is placed in the water tank; the bottom of the water tank is provided with a water filling port and a water outlet; the water filling port is connected with the water filling tank through a water passing pipeline; the water outlet is communicated to the reservoir through a pipeline; the water tank is arranged on the water tank base; the monitoring device is arranged on the slope model; the dynamic erosion early warning method can effectively simulate the movement process of slope deformation and damage after the dynamic erosion of the river, determine the soil condition and the hydrodynamic condition of disasters such as landslide and debris flow under the dynamic erosion of the river, and provide the early warning threshold of the landslide and debris flow disasters caused by the dynamic erosion of the river, thereby being beneficial to the prevention of the geological disasters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological engineering, and relates to a test device and a test method for simulating landslide caused by dynamic erosion of a river.
Background
The river dynamic erosion refers to the process that the river bed is continuously damaged by carried silt and gravel under the action of self mechanical erosion and chemical erosion in the process that the river flows from a high place to a low place. The landslide refers to the phenomenon that the whole earth and rock on the slope slides downwards along the weak surface under the influence of factors such as rainfall, earthquake, river scouring, underground water activity, manual slope cutting and the like.
River erosion can be divided into erosion and lateral erosion, the erosion deepens a river bed, the lateral erosion increases a river valley, and the erosion and the lateral erosion of the river can cause the loss of slope toe rock-soil bodies, so that the rock-soil bodies are loosened, and the stability of a slope is influenced. At present, landslide disaster forecasting mainly depends on-site observation and long-term on-site monitoring, and the monitoring methods obtain certain results, but the geological disasters are rapid in occurrence and strong in destructiveness, can easily cause chain borne disasters, can not reveal critical conditions of landslide occurrence caused by river dynamic erosion action only by on-site monitoring, and are difficult to forecast in time. In addition, the gully and river flood not only quickly change the underground water power conditions of slopes on both sides, but also surface water scouring may change the slope form, thereby changing the stress state of the slope, and both of the gully and the river flood may cause slope damage. In the prior art, the geological disasters are prevented through field observation and long-term field monitoring, but the early warning threshold value of the occurrence of the disasters cannot be accurately provided, and the problem of low early warning accuracy exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of low early warning accuracy in advance through field observation and long-term field monitoring in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a test device and a test method for simulating landslide caused by river dynamic erosion, which can effectively simulate the movement process of slope deformation damage after river dynamic erosion, determine the soil condition and the hydrodynamic condition of disasters such as landslide and debris flow under river erosion, and provide early warning thresholds of landslide and debris flow disasters caused by river dynamic erosion, so that the prevention of geological disasters is facilitated.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a test device for simulating landslide caused by river dynamic erosion comprises a water source supply device, a simulated slope scouring device and a monitoring device;
the water source supply device comprises a reservoir and a water injection tank; the water injection tank is communicated with the water storage tank through a water passing pipeline, and the water pump is arranged at one end of the water passing pipeline close to the water storage tank; the simulated slope scouring device is arranged on one side of the reservoir;
the simulated slope scouring device comprises a slope model and a water tank; the slope model is placed in a water tank; the bottom of the water tank is provided with a water filling port and a water outlet; the water filling port is connected with the water filling tank through a water passing pipeline; the water outlet is communicated to the water storage tank through a pipeline; the water tank is arranged on the water tank base; the monitoring device is arranged on the slope model.
Preferably, the simulated slope scouring device further comprises a water tank base and a scouring platform; the water tank base is placed on the scouring platform; the scouring platform is connected with the reservoir; the water tank is arranged on the water tank base.
Preferably, a bracket for supporting the water injection tank is provided in the water reservoir.
Preferably, the water passing pipeline comprises a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, and the water inlet pipeline is connected with the water pump; the water inlet of the water inlet pipeline is arranged on the side wall of the water injection tank; the water outlet pipeline is connected with a water filling port of the water tank; and the water outlet of the water outlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the water injection tank.
Preferably, a baffle is arranged in the water tank and is arranged between the water filling port and the water outlet.
Preferably, a water tap is arranged on a drainage pipeline of the drainage outlet.
Preferably, the monitoring device comprises a multipoint displacement meter and a pressure sensor; the multipoint displacement meter is arranged on the slope surface of the slope model; the pressure sensor is arranged inside the slope model;
preferably, the water tank and the water injection tank are both made of transparent glass.
Preferably, the height of the flushing platform is greater than the height of the reservoir.
A test method for simulating landslide caused by dynamic erosion of river comprises,
injecting water into the reservoir, and after the water injection is finished, opening a water pump to convey the water in the reservoir into a water injection tank; opening a water filling port, closing a water outlet, enabling water in a water filling tank to enter a water tank through a water passing pipeline, enabling the water level in the water tank to rise slowly, observing the deformation condition of a slope by adjusting water level fluctuation, then closing the water filling port, opening the water outlet, enabling the water level in the water tank to fall slowly, and repeating the steps to continuously simulate the process of erosion of the water level fluctuation on the slope; after the simulated water level fluctuation is finished, the water passing area of the water filling port and the water discharging port is adjusted, and the slope toe erosion rate is observed by increasing the flow velocity until the slope is damaged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a test device and a test method for simulating river dynamic erosion to cause landslide, wherein a water source supply device is used for simulating the cooperation of a slope scouring device and a monitoring device, water flow enters a water tank through a water injection port and flows out of a water outlet after scouring a slope surface of a slope; firstly, observing slope deformation by slowly adjusting water level fluctuation; then the flow velocity of the flushing brush is increased, the slope toe erosion rate is observed until the slope is destroyed, and the water level fluctuation velocity and the flow velocity are controlled according to the maximum river flow velocity actually measured on site; the dynamic erosion early warning method can effectively simulate the movement process of slope deformation and damage after the dynamic erosion of the river, determine the soil condition and the hydrodynamic condition of disasters such as landslide and debris flow under the dynamic erosion of the river, and provide the early warning threshold of the disasters such as landslide and debris flow caused by the dynamic erosion of the river, thereby being beneficial to the prevention of geological disasters; the problem of through on-the-spot observation and long-term on-the-spot monitoring, to sudden natural disasters, early warning degree of accuracy is low has effectively been solved. The test device can simulate the deformation and damage process of the slope under the two actions of scouring and water level fluctuation, and research landslide and debris flow disasters under flood fluctuation and erosion.
Further, the monitoring device arranged in the slope comprises a 200 multiplied by 200 multipoint displacement meter and a pressure sensor for monitoring soil pressure and pore water pressure, wherein the multipoint displacement meter and the pressure sensor are inserted into soil, the multipoint displacement meter is used for monitoring the deformation degree of the slope body, and the pressure sensor is used for monitoring the change of the soil pressure and the pore water pressure in the slope body along with time.
Furthermore, the water injection tank is placed on the support in the cistern, and the height that highly is greater than the basin height is placed to the water injection tank, ensures that there is certain velocity of flow after rivers get into the basin, and the water injection tank is external to have water injection pipeline and outlet conduit, and water injection pipeline connects water pump and water filling port and sets up in the upper portion of water tank, and the delivery port sets up in water injection tank bottom central authorities, carries water through outlet conduit in the simulation basin that erodees.
Furthermore, the water tank is made of transparent glass, so that the erosion process of water flow to a slope can be observed conveniently, and the specific water level can be determined.
Furthermore, the test device for simulating the landslide caused by the dynamic erosion of the river has the advantages of simple structure, clear principle and convenience in installation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a model test configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a ramp model of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a reservoir; 2. a water pump; 3. a water passing pipeline; 4. a water injection tank; 5. a support bracket; 6. simulating a slope; 7. a water tank; 8. a baffle plate; 9. a water injection port; 10. a water outlet; 11. a faucet; 12. a sink base; 13. flushing the platform; 14. a multipoint displacement meter; 15. a pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The following detailed description is illustrative of the embodiments and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the invention.
Because the problem of low early warning accuracy in advance through field observation and long-term field monitoring exists in the prior art, the development of a model test for simulating the landslide caused by river dynamic erosion is necessary. Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a test device for simulating a river dynamic erosion induced landslide includes the following steps: the test device comprises a water source supply device, a slope model for simulating a river bank slope, a simulated slope scouring device arranged around the slope model, and a monitoring device arranged in the slope and used for monitoring stress strain of a slope body and pore water pressure.
The water source supply device comprises a reservoir 1, a water pump 2, a water passing pipeline 3, a water injection tank 4 and a bracket 5, wherein the reservoir 1 is used for storing a water source and is arranged below the left side of the scouring platform 13; the bracket 5 is placed in the reservoir and used for supporting the water injection tank 4; the water pump 2 is placed in the cistern 1, and the water pipe 3 is connected water pump 2 and water injection tank 4, and water pump 2 carries the water in the cistern 1 by water pipe 3 in the water injection tank 4, and the water injection tank rethread water pipe is connected with simulation slope washing device, provides the water source for the simulation is washed away. The water passing pipeline 3 can be divided into a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, a water inlet of the water inlet pipeline is arranged on the side wall of the water injection tank 4, and a water outlet of the water outlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the water injection tank 4. The water pump can control the speed of water flow entering the water injection tank by adjusting the water outlet pressure.
The simulated slope scouring device comprises a slope model 6 for simulating a river bank slope, wherein the slope model 6 is placed in the center of a water tank 7, and the slope surface of the simulated slope 6 deviates from a supply water source supply device; the soil material for manufacturing the slope model is taken from an observation area site, the model gradient of the slope model 6 is designed according to three working conditions of 35 degrees, 45 degrees and 55 degrees, the dry density is controlled according to the average value of the dry density measured on site, the water content of a soil layer is controlled according to saturation, the height of the slope model is 1.5m, the width of the side surface is 2.5m, the width of a slope surface is 0.8m, the distances between the four sides of the slope model and a water tank are 0.5m, the top of the slope model 6 is a plane, and the side surface is trapezoidal.
The simulated slope scouring device is arranged above the right side of the reservoir, water flow enters a water filling port of the scouring device from the water filling tank and then scours the slope surface in a reverse time mode, and the water flow enters the water outlet and flows out of a water tap connected with the water outlet after scouring and returns to the reservoir again. The flushing device controls the water level to rise and fall and the flushing flow rate during flushing by adjusting the water filling port, the water outlet and the water passing area of the faucet. The simulated slope scouring device arranged around the slope model comprises a water tank 7, a baffle 8, a water filling port 9, a water discharging port 10, a water faucet 11, a water tank base 12 and a scouring platform 13; the water tank 7 is a rectangular water tank and is arranged on the water tank base 12, the length of the water tank 7 is 3.0m, the width of the water tank is 1.8m in the example, and the water tank 7 is made of transparent glass, so that the process of slope erosion damage can be observed conveniently. The water tank 7 is internally provided with a baffle 8, the baffle 8 is arranged between the water injection port 9 and the water outlet 10, the width of the baffle 8 is 0.5m, and the height of the baffle 8 is consistent with that of the water tank 7, so that the water flow is prevented from directly entering the water outlet and flowing out without scouring the slope surface. The bottom of the water tank 7 is provided with a water filling port 9 and a water outlet 10, the water filling port 9 is connected with the water filling tank 4 through a pipeline, water flows into the water tank from the water filling port 9 through the pipeline, is discharged from the water outlet 10 after being washed against a slope surface along the reverse time, and returns to the reservoir 1 through the faucet 11, so that the water flow is recycled; water flow enters the water tank through the water filling port and flows out of the water outlet after the slope surface of the slope is washed. Firstly, observing slope deformation by slowly adjusting water level fluctuation; and then the flow velocity of the flushing brush is increased, the slope toe erosion rate is observed until the slope is destroyed, and the water level fluctuation velocity and the flow velocity are controlled according to the maximum river flow velocity actually measured on site.
The monitoring device arranged in the slope comprises a 200X 200 multipoint displacement meter 14 and a soil pressure and pore water pressure sensor 15; the multipoint displacement meters 14 are arranged at equal intervals and used for monitoring the deformation degree of the soil body, and the soil pressure and pore water pressure sensors 15 can monitor the change of the soil pressure and the pore water pressure in the slope along with the time. The 200X 200 multi-point displacement meter is made of Changsha hundred million units YT-DG-0600x, can be made of stainless steel, and is used for measuring displacement deformation at different depths in slopes, tunnels and various underground projects. The number of the measuring points is determined by the mounting base, a plurality of small holes can be drilled according to the mounting environment, and the monitoring effect test result is better in a multi-hole single-burying mode. The multi-point displacement is the sensor of inductance frequency modulation formula principle, and the built-in electronic tags of body can be from setting up the serial number in addition, direct output physical quantity to can save 1600 data, this kind of principle product accuracy, stability are high, can adopt artifical reading or automatic acquisition's mode to observe. The pressure sensor 15 comprises an earth pressure sensor and a water pressure sensor, wherein the earth pressure sensor is a Changsha Yituo YT-DZ-0303 miniature earth pressure cell, and the water pressure sensor is a Changsha Yituo YT-YL-0301 pore water pressure meter;
referring to fig. 1 and 2, a test device for simulating river dynamic erosion to cause landslide comprises the following steps:
firstly, building a test device, which comprises a water source supply device, a simulated slope scouring device, a slope model for simulating a river bank slope, the simulated slope scouring device arranged around the slope model, and a monitoring device arranged in the slope and used for monitoring stress strain of a slope body and pore water pressure; the water source supply device comprises a reservoir 1, wherein the reservoir 1 is a rectangular water tank, the support 5 is provided with four supporting legs and is placed in the reservoir 1, a water injection tank 4 is placed on the support 5, a water pump 2 is vertically placed in the reservoir 1, a water passing pipeline 3 is connected with the water pump 2 and the water injection tank 4, water is conveyed to the water injection tank 4 through the water pump 2 after the reservoir 1 stores water, and the water injection tank 4 provides a water source for simulating scouring. The water source supply device is located below the left side of the simulation slope scouring device, the water injection tank is placed on a support in the reservoir, the height of the water injection tank is larger than the height of the water tank, a certain flow velocity is ensured after water flows enter the water tank, the water injection tank is externally connected with a water injection pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, the water injection pipeline is connected with a water pump, a water injection port is arranged on the upper portion of the water tank, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the water injection tank, and water is conveyed into the simulation scouring water tank through the water outlet pipeline.
The water tank is made of transparent glass, so that the erosion process of water flow to the slope can be observed conveniently, and the specific water level can be determined.
The simulated slope scouring device is arranged above the right side of the water source supply device and comprises a slope model 6, a water tank 7, a baffle plate 8, a water filling port 9, a water outlet 10, a water tap 11, a water tank base 12 and a scouring platform 13. The scouring platform 13 is a rectangular platform and is connected with the reservoir, and the height of the platform is greater than that of the reservoir.
The slope model 6 for simulating the river bank slope is manufactured by taking typical loose soil in an observation area as a material, and a sample model is manufactured in a water tank 7, wherein the slope size in the example is designed according to 2.5m multiplied by 0.8m multiplied by 1.5m, the slope is 45 degrees, the dry density is controlled according to the average value of the on-site actual dry density, and the water content of a soil layer is controlled according to saturation.
The simulated slope scouring device arranged around the slope model comprises a water tank 7, a baffle 8, a water filling port 9, a water outlet 10, a water tap 11 and a water tank base 12. Basin base 12 sets up on washing away platform 13, basin base 12 side aligns with washing away platform 13 side, basin 7 is placed on basin base 12, basin 7 closes on 1 one side of cistern and is provided with baffle 8, water filling port 9, outlet 10, wherein baffle 8 separates water filling port 9 and outlet 10, rivers enter into basin 7 through water filling port 9 from water injection tank 4, wash away the slope along the counter-clockwise, rivers after washing away enter into cistern 1 through outlet 10, baffle 8 can prevent that rivers from directly entering into outlet 10 and discharging from water filling port 9 clockwise. The washing platform 13 is used for supporting the whole simulation washing device, the water tank base 12 comprises an iron plate, and four supporting legs are arranged at the bottom of the iron plate; the sink base 12 is spaced from the ground by a distance that facilitates observation of the slope destruction process, and the water can flow directly into the reservoir after washing.
The monitoring device arranged in the slope and used for monitoring the stress strain of the slope body and the pore water pressure comprises a 200 multiplied by 200 multipoint displacement meter 14 and a pressure sensor 15 used for monitoring the soil pressure and the pore water pressure, wherein the multipoint displacement meter 14 is distributed on the slope surface of the slope model 6 at equal intervals and used for monitoring the deformation condition of the slope after being damaged; the monitoring equipment is inserted into the soil, the multipoint displacement meter 14 is used for monitoring the deformation degree of a slope body, the pressure sensor 15 for monitoring the soil pressure and the pore water pressure is buried in the deep part of the slope, and the change of the soil pressure and the pore water pressure along with the time is monitored.
After the test device is set up, the test is carried out according to the following steps:
and (3) injecting water into the reservoir 1, ensuring that the water quantity of the reservoir is enough for simulating circular scouring, starting the water pump 2 to convey the water in the reservoir into the water injection tank 4 after the water injection is finished, and finishing the preparation of the water source supply device after the water injection tank 4 is filled with the water.
Firstly, observing slope deformation by slowly adjusting water level fluctuation, opening a water filling port 9, closing a water outlet 10, enabling water in a water filling tank 4 to enter a water tank 7 through a water passing pipeline, and slowly raising the water level in the water tank; and then closing the water filling port 9, opening the water discharging port 10, slowly lowering the water level in the water tank, and repeating the steps to continuously simulate the erosion process of the water level fluctuation on the slope. After the water level fluctuation is simulated, the water passing area of the water filling port 9 and the water discharging port 10 is adjusted, the erosion rate of the slope toe is observed by increasing the flow rate until the slope is damaged, and the water level fluctuation speed and the flow rate in the example are controlled according to the maximum flow rate of the river actually measured on site.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A test device for simulating landslide caused by dynamic erosion of rivers is characterized by comprising a water source supply device, a simulated slope scouring device and a monitoring device;
the water source supply device comprises a reservoir (1) and a water injection tank (4); a water pump (2) is arranged in the water storage tank (1), the water injection tank (4) is communicated with the water storage tank (1) through a water passing pipeline (3), and the water pump (2) is installed at one end, close to the water passing pipeline (3) of the water storage tank (1); the analog slope scouring device is arranged on one side of the reservoir (1);
the simulated slope scouring device comprises a slope model (6) and a water tank (7); the slope model (6) is placed in a water tank (7); the bottom of the water tank (7) is provided with a water injection port (9) and a water discharge port (10); the water injection port (9) is connected with the water injection tank (4) through the water passing pipeline (3); the water outlet (10) is communicated to the water storage tank (1) through a drainage pipeline; the water tank (7) is arranged on the water tank base (12); the monitoring device is arranged on the slope model (6).
2. The test device for simulating river dynamic erosion to cause landslide according to claim 1, wherein the simulated slope scouring device further comprises a water tank base (12) and a scouring platform (13); the water tank base (12) is placed on the scouring platform (13); the scouring platform (13) is connected with the reservoir (1); the water tank (7) is arranged on the water tank base (12).
3. A test device for simulating river dynamic erosion induced landslide according to claim 2, wherein the height of the scour platform (13) is greater than the height of the reservoir (1).
4. A test device for simulating river dynamic erosion induced landslide according to claim 1, wherein a bracket (5) for supporting a water injection tank (4) is arranged in the reservoir (1).
5. The test device for simulating the landslide caused by the dynamic erosion of the river according to claim 1, wherein the water passing pipeline (3) comprises a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, and the water inlet pipeline is connected with the water pump (2); a water inlet of the water inlet pipeline is arranged on the side wall of the water injection tank (4); the water outlet pipeline is connected with a water filling port (9) of the water tank (7); the water outlet of the water outlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the water injection tank (4).
6. A test device for simulating river dynamic erosion induced landslide according to claim 1, wherein a baffle (8) is provided in the water tank (7), and the baffle (8) is provided between the water injection port (9) and the water discharge port (10).
7. The test device for simulating river dynamic erosion to cause landslide according to claim 1, wherein a water tap (11) is arranged on a drainage pipeline of the drainage port (10).
8. A test device for simulating river dynamic erosion causing landslide according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring device comprises a multipoint displacement meter (14) and a pressure sensor (15); the multipoint displacement meter (14) is arranged on the slope surface of the slope model (6); the pressure sensor (15) is arranged inside the slope model (6).
9. The test device for simulating the landslide caused by the dynamic erosion of the river according to claim 1, wherein the water tank (7) and the water injection tank (4) are both made of transparent glass.
10. A test method for simulating river dynamic erosion to cause landslide, based on the test device of claims 1-9, comprising,
injecting water into the reservoir (1), and after the water injection is finished, opening the water pump (2) to convey the water in the reservoir (1) into the water injection tank (4); opening a water injection port (9), closing a water discharge port (10), enabling water in a water injection tank (4) to enter a water tank (7) through a water passing pipeline (3), enabling the water level in the water tank (7) to rise slowly, and observing the slope deformation condition by adjusting the water level fluctuation; after the simulated water level fluctuation is finished, adjusting the water passing area of a water injection port (9) and a water discharge port (10), and observing the slope toe erosion rate by increasing the flow rate until the slope is damaged; and then closing the water filling port (9), opening the water discharging port (10), slowly lowering the water level in the water tank, and repeating the steps to continuously simulate the erosion process of the slope caused by scouring and water level fluctuation.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115876980A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-03-31 | 长江大学 | Freezing-thawing landslide test device under coupling action of underground water erosion and river lateral erosion |
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2022
- 2022-08-31 CN CN202211055802.3A patent/CN115420878A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115876980A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-03-31 | 长江大学 | Freezing-thawing landslide test device under coupling action of underground water erosion and river lateral erosion |
| CN115876980B (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2024-01-09 | 长江大学 | Freezing and thawing landslide test device under coupling effect of groundwater erosion and river side erosion |
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