CN100487404C - Experimental apparatus for determining runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance - Google Patents
Experimental apparatus for determining runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN100487404C CN100487404C CNB2006100403794A CN200610040379A CN100487404C CN 100487404 C CN100487404 C CN 100487404C CN B2006100403794 A CNB2006100403794 A CN B2006100403794A CN 200610040379 A CN200610040379 A CN 200610040379A CN 100487404 C CN100487404 C CN 100487404C
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Abstract
The invention relates to the test device to detect the riverway dirot protecting slope and anti rushing character. It includes the reservoir, the water pump, the test flume, the drainpipe and the flow pipe. The valve and the flowmeter are set on the flowpipe and the test flume is a close flume with the rectangular cross section. The vegetation module box installing hole is set at the bottom of the test flume which is connected with the vegetation module box or the movable soleplate. The water pressing flume can generate water flow with big flow speed; the module test result is the bed surface shear stress and the frictional flow speed, which can module the rushing process of the river to the vegetation. So it has the big engineer using value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ecological revetment field, a kind of specifically test unit of measuring runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance.
Background technology
Grassed slope is a kind of of ecology typed bank revetment technology, mainly takes to reach in the method for embankment surface plantation artificial grass the purpose of the protection bank slope soil body.Under the channel flow souring of certain intensity, grassed slope may destroy, need be to research experiment such as the failure mode of grassed slope, limit flow conditions.Site test can combine with engineering is actual preferably, and test findings is also comparatively reliable, but the general difficult control of site test condition, and testing expenses are high, and therefore being chosen in indoor water tank carries out grassed slope erosion-resisting characteristics model investigation.
Carrying out hydraulic model test announcement water movement rule and solve engineering problem by physical model is means commonly used in the real work.Hydraulic model test is that the prototype material object is model according to principle of similitude contraction (or amplify), and preview or the recurrence spontaneous phenomenon similar to prototype and observing in model amplified in prototype by the principle of similitude observed result more then and judged.
When carrying out the model test of fluid motion, mechanically similar three conditions are followed in two kinds of similar fluid motions: how much and boundary similarity, kinematic similitude and dynamic similarity.Be meant that with boundary similarity two mobile geometric configuratioies of prototype and model are similar how much, promptly each corresponding physical dimension of model current all is to be formed by the prototype current system of moulding at equal pace, and is identical with two mobile boundary conditions.Kinematic similitude be meant two on prototype and model flow in the motion conditions of each corresponding particle be similar, promptly require the velocity reversal of the corresponding particle of prototype and model identical, size keeps same ratio.Dynamic similarity is meant that the acting force various of different nature that acts on prototype and two mobile respective point of model all respectively has the same ratio relation of one's own.
Show that according to interrelated data turf can bear the short-term flow velocity of 6m/s, and the flow velocity of general indoor open channel uniform flow gentle slope tank is no more than 1.5～2m/s, is difficult to satisfy testing requirements under the darker situation of current.Artificial material vegetation models such as normal use tygon, polyacrylic fibres in existing grassed slope anti-impact test, but use artificial vegetation model to replace the related model similarity problem of natural vegetation extremely complicated, be difficult to give clearly reach rational answer.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the shortcoming that exists at the existing test unit of measuring runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance, proposes a kind ofly can produce the test unit that grassed slope destroys the mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance of required high speed water flow.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of test unit of measuring runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance, comprise reservoir, water pump, experimental tank, drainpipe, feed pipe, feed pipe is provided with valve and flowmeter, experimental tank is that an xsect is the pressure tank that is closed with of rectangle, be provided with vegetation model case mounting hole in the bottom of experimental tank, the place is removably connected with vegetation model case or removable bottom at vegetation model case position of mounting hole.
Purpose of the present invention can also further realize by following technical measures:
The test unit of aforesaid mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance, wherein said feed pipe is the water supply line of sealing, one end of feed pipe is communicated with reservoir by water pump, the other end is communicated with the water inlet end of experimental tank by reducing transition water pipe, and the water side of experimental tank is communicated with drainpipe by reducing transition water pipe.
The test unit of aforesaid mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance, the cross section at wherein said transition water pipe two ends is respectively circle and rectangle.
The test unit of aforesaid mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance, wherein said removable bottom is located at the middle part that is closed with pressure tank.
The test unit of aforesaid mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance, the two ends of vegetation model case mounting hole are provided with the air manometer installing port on described experimental tank, and air manometer is installed in the hole at these two ends.
The test unit of aforesaid mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance, the natural herb vegetation model case that wherein said vegetation model case is an artificial culture or reinforcement herbosa model casing.
The test unit of aforesaid mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance, wherein said experimental tank are organic glass pressure water groove, and maximum can be born the head pressure of 7m.
The test unit of measuring runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance is equipped with the sealing flume with rectangular cross section, and the mean velocity in section maximum that can produce can reach 6.75m/s.Grassed slope washout test object is selected the natural herb vegetation of artificial culture for use, and the test current have approximately uniform flow velocity size and Orientation with the substance current that act on the bank protection.Bed shear stress value when the grassed slope that is obtained by washout test destroys and drag velocity can directly be promoted to actual streamflow as the model test result.
This shows that advantage of the present invention is: owing to selected the herbosa prototype of self-sow for use and adopted pressure water groove with rectangular cross section, can simulate the big flow velocity in river course and wash away current, well overcome the difficult problem that indoor water tank is difficult to produce high speed water flow, successfully simulated the wash away process of channel flow to grassed slope, simple and reliablely realized the direct popularization of model test result, had suitable engineering practical value to the prototype current.
Advantage of the present invention and characteristics will illustrate by the non-limitative illustration of following preferred embodiment and explain that these embodiment only provide as an example with reference to accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an organic glass sink structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the organic glass sink structure synoptic diagram behind the installation model casing;
Fig. 4 is the 1-1 sectional view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is a vegetation model box structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 6 is a piezometric tube aperture location diagram;
Fig. 7 is that rice soil vegetation region bed shear stress is with the change in flow trend map;
Fig. 8 is rice soil vegetation region bed shear stress and time history;
Fig. 9 is that red soil vegetation region bed shear stress is with the change in flow trend map;
Embodiment
Figure 1 shows that the test unit of measuring runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance, form by reservoir 11, water pipe 12, water pump 13, valve 14, electricity taste flowmeter 15, pressure pipe 16, transition water pipe 21, organic glass tank 22, support 17, drainpipe 18.Reservoir 11 is used to provide the water source, and water pump 13 is a centrifugal water pump, design maximum flow Q=486m
3/ h, lift 14m.It is LDZ-4B type electromagnetic flowmeter that electricity is grown flowmeter 15, maximum range 500m
3/ h, electricity are grown flowmeter 15 and are used to control test flow.Support 17 is used to support organic glass flume 22, and organic glass tank 22 has rectangular cross section, and the size of its length is respectively 3.7m, 0.2m, 0.1m, and cross-sectional area is 0.02m
2, when water pump 13 reaches the design maximum flow, can produce the current of 6.75m/s flow velocity.Organic glass tank 22 two ends are connected to transition water pipe 21, and the cross section at transition water pipe 21 two ends is respectively circle and rectangle, and the cross section of water pipe 12 is circular, and transition water pipe 21 is used for round tube is carried out the transition to rectangular tube.Organic glass tank 22 middle parts are provided with removable bottom 23, removable bottom 23 can be dismantled, can be incorporated with vegetation model case 25 after the dismounting, vegetation model case 25 is a natural herb vegetation model case 25, the structure of vegetation model case 25 as shown in Figure 5, two kinds of dimension model casees of available A, B, its size is as shown in table 1
Table 1 model casing size (unit: m)
Vegetation highly is trimmed to organic glass tank 22 and highly equates, vegetation model case 25 end faces flush with organic glass tank 22 bottom surfaces.Be provided with pressure measurement aperture 24 in removable bottom 23 zones, be used to measure the loss of flood peak of vegetation region, calculate the bed shear stress value, pressure measurement aperture 24 is located at the upstream and downstream two ends in removable bottom 23 zones, Fig. 6 is seen in 24 positions, piezometric tube aperture, wherein a hole tube wall place is respectively opened at the organic glass tank about in the of 22 respectively in 1,4 apertures, and each aperture spacing of piezometric tube is l
14=1.857m, vegetation segment length l
23=0.700m, the aperture is respectively l apart from the distance on vegetation region upstream and downstream border
12=0.579m, l
34=0.578m.Insert air manometer 19 on the pressure measurement aperture 24, be used to measure the vegetation region loss of flood peak, thereby calculate bed shear stress.
Under a certain flow, the wall shear stress τ of organic glass tank 22
WallCan try to achieve according to the loss of flood peak Δ h of following formula by actual measurement:
When carrying out the test of grassed slope anti-impact, with the vegetation model case 25 of packing into after removable bottom 23 dismountings, start water pump 13, control valve 14 and electromagnetic flowmeter 15 increase to design discharge step by step from zero, after treating flow speed stability, begin to wash away turf, record washes away and lasts and the air manometer reading, bed shear stress and drag velocity when calculating grassed slope destruction, computation process is as follows:
As Fig. 6, place, the upstream and downstream border water-carrying section of establishing vegetation region is respectively 2-2,3-3 section, l
12, l
23, l
14, l
34Be respectively spacing between each measuring point and each section.Under a certain flow, by being installed in the average water head loss that air manometer 19 between 1,4 apertures can record the 1-4 section
Then the average wall shear stress of 1-4 section is calculated by following formula:
Consider the difference of the bed surface roughness and the tank wall roughness of vegetation section, the total shear force F of current that the fluid of 2-3 section is suffered
23Should equal suffered current shear force of vegetation bed surface and the suffered current shear force of this section tank wall sum, promptly have
F
23=(2H+B) l
23τ
Wall+ Bl
23τ
V(3)
1-4 section fluid is carried out the stress balance analysis as can be known, and the suffered current shear force F23 of 2-3 section fluid should equal the total shear force F of the suffered current of 1-4 section fluid
14, deduct the suffered current shear force F of 1-2 section and 3-4 section fluid
12, F
34, promptly
F
23＝F
14-F
12-F
34 (4)
Wherein, F
14=2 (B+H) l
14τ
14
F
12=2 (B+H) l
12τ
Wall
F
34=2 (B+H) l
34τ
Wall
The current shear value substitution following formula that each section fluid is suffered has
(2H+B) l
23τ
Wall+ Bl
23τ
V=2 (B+H) l
14τ
14-2 (B+H) τ
Walll
12-2 (B+H) τ
Walll
34(5)
Arrangement formula (6) can obtain the average bed shear stress of 2-3 sections vegetation regions
Corresponding drag velocity calculates with following formula
τ wherein
v---vegetation region bed shear stress (N/m
2);
The density of ρ---water, ρ=1.0 * 10
3Kg/m
3
Δ h
14, Δ h
On 14, Δ h
14 times---1-4 sections average water heads are poor, head difference between 1-4 sections end face measuring points, head difference between 1-4 sections floor stations;
F
12, F
23, F
14, F
34---1-2,2-3,1-4,3-4 sections current shear force that fluid is suffered;
l
12, l
23, l
14, l
34---1-2,2-3,1-4,3-4 sections measuring point spacing.
Embodiment one
Test and Selection with rice soil plantation, be respectively six groups of turfs of 1.5 months, 2.5 months, 4.0 months growth period, wherein natural sod and three-dimension vegetative net reinforcement turf are each three groups.Test design maximum flow velocity is 4.0m/s.Consider that middle water level change of actual river course and rainfall infiltration may impact side slope soil strength and vegetation existence, and then influence erosion-resisting characteristics and the protection effect of vegetation, before washout test begins, earlier vegetation tank is flooded with hydrostatic together with turf for this reason and soak 24h.
Elder generation is loaded into 4.0m/s with flow velocity from 1.0m/s soon step by step with the amplification of 0.5m/s during test, write down the vegetation region loss of flood peak under the flow velocitys at different levels, calculate bed shear stress value under the flow velocitys at different levels with this, and the test findings point is plotted in Fig. 7, obtain the relation curve of vegetation region bed shear stress and flow velocity.
After waiting to reach the design maximum flow velocity, beginning to wash away and last timing, is the time interval measurement loss of flood peak with 0.5h, and calculates each bed shear stress value constantly, and the test findings point is plotted in Fig. 8, obtains vegetation region bed shear stress and time relation curve.Curve display among the figure, the vegetation region bed shear stress reduces with the increase of flushing time earlier before turf destroys, and then tends towards stability.
When grassed slope takes place to destroy, the loss of flood peak of record vegetation region, bed shear stress value and drag velocity U when calculating grassed slope destruction thus
*, see Table 2.
Bed shear stress value and drag velocity (rice soil) when table 2 grassed slope destroys
Can illustrate thus, if in actual river course, adopted the grassed slope of certain form in the table, under upgrowth situation and all identical situation of the condition of flooding, when the drag velocity in the actual river course in less than table during corresponding drag velocity, adopt this turf to carry out bank protection and keep out the time of current scour and last greater than washing away accordingly in the table; When the drag velocity in river course just equals in the table corresponding drag velocity, in through table, wash away accordingly last after, erosion attack will take place in this kind grassed slope; When the drag velocity in river course in greater than table during corresponding drag velocity, this kind grassed slope will destroy at once.
With growth period in the table be that 4.0 months natural sod bank protection is an example, after the test current were with 4.0m/s flow velocity continuous erosion 8.5h, this grassed slope generation erosion attack calculated its bed shear stress size when destroying and is 313.0N/m
2, drag velocity is 0.56m/s.Illustrate if in actual river course, adopted the grassed slope of this kind form, under upgrowth situation and all identical situation of the condition of flooding, when the drag velocity in river course is no more than 0.56m/s, adopt this grassed slope to keep out the time of current scour more than 8.5h; When the drag velocity in river course just equals 0.56m/s, erosion attack will take place in this kind grassed slope after keeping out current scour 8.5h; When the drag velocity in river course during greater than 0.56m/s, this kind grassed slope will destroy at once.
Therefore, this this test resulting a series of respectively organize the bed shear stress and the corresponding drag velocity at grassed slope breakdown point place and wash away to last all can be applicable in the actual river course, as the foundation of ecological revetment engineering design.
Embodiment two
Test and Selection with red soil plantation, be respectively six groups of turfs of 1.5 months, 2.5 months, 4.0 months growth period, wherein natural sod and three-dimension vegetative net reinforcement turf are each three groups.Test design maximum flow velocity is 2.0m/s.Consider that middle water level change of actual river course and rainfall infiltration may impact side slope soil strength and vegetation existence, and then influence erosion-resisting characteristics and the protection effect of vegetation, before washout test begins, earlier vegetation tank is flooded with hydrostatic together with turf for this reason and soak 12h.
Elder generation is loaded into 2.0m/s with flow velocity from 1.0m/s soon step by step with the amplification of 0.5m/s during test, write down the vegetation region loss of flood peak under the flow velocitys at different levels, calculate bed shear stress value under the flow velocitys at different levels with this, and the test findings point is plotted in Fig. 9, obtain the relation curve of vegetation region bed shear stress and square of flow velocity.
When grassed slope takes place to destroy, the loss of flood peak of record vegetation region, bed shear stress value and drag velocity U when calculating grassed slope destruction thus
*, see Table 3.
Bed shear stress value and drag velocity (red soil) when table 3 grassed slope destroys
Can illustrate thus, if in actual river course, adopted the grassed slope of certain form in the table, under upgrowth situation and all identical situation of the condition of flooding, when the drag velocity in the actual river course in less than table during corresponding drag velocity, adopt this turf to carry out bank protection and keep out the time of current scour and last greater than washing away accordingly in the table; When the drag velocity in river course just equals in the table corresponding drag velocity, in through table, wash away accordingly last after, erosion attack will take place in this kind grassed slope; When the drag velocity in river course in greater than table during corresponding drag velocity, this kind grassed slope will destroy at once.
With growth period in the table be that 1.5 months natural sod bank protection is an example, after the test current were with 2m/s flow velocity continuous erosion 7.5h, this grassed slope generation erosion attack calculated its bed shear stress size when destroying and is 41.7N/m
2, drag velocity is 0.20m/s.Illustrate if in actual river course, adopted the grassed slope of this kind form, under upgrowth situation and all identical situation of the condition of flooding, when the drag velocity in river course is no more than 0.20m/s, adopt this grassed slope to keep out the time of current scour more than 7.5h; When the drag velocity in river course just equals 0.20m/s, erosion attack will take place in this kind grassed slope after keeping out current scour 7.5h; When the drag velocity in river course during greater than 0.20m/s, this kind grassed slope will destroy at once.
Therefore, this this test resulting a series of respectively organize the bed shear stress and the corresponding drag velocity at grassed slope breakdown point place and wash away to last all can be applicable in the actual river course, as the foundation of ecological revetment engineering design.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. test unit of measuring runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance, comprise reservoir, water pump, experimental tank, drainpipe, feed pipe, feed pipe is provided with valve and flowmeter, it is characterized in that: described experimental tank is that an xsect is the pressure tank that is closed with of rectangle, be provided with vegetation model case mounting hole in the bottom of experimental tank, the place is removably connected with vegetation model case or removable bottom at vegetation model case position of mounting hole.
2. the test unit of mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feed pipe is the water supply line of sealing, one end of feed pipe is communicated with reservoir by water pump, the other end is communicated with the water inlet end of experimental tank by reducing transition water pipe, and the water side of experimental tank is communicated with drainpipe by reducing transition water pipe.
3. the test unit of mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the cross section at described transition water pipe two ends is respectively circle and rectangle.
4. the test unit of mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described removable bottom is located at the middle part of pressure water groove.
5. the test unit of mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the two ends of vegetation model case mounting hole are provided with the air manometer installing port on described experimental tank, and air manometer is installed in the hole at these two ends.
6. the test unit of mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: natural herb vegetation model case that described vegetation model case is an artificial culture or reinforcement herbosa model casing.
7. the test unit of mensuration runway lawn protection-slope impact-proof performance as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described experimental tank is an organic glass pressure water groove, and it is 7 meters that its maximum is born head pressure.
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