CN104123875B - A kind of tailing dam overflows the top experimental provision of crash simulation and experimental technique - Google Patents
A kind of tailing dam overflows the top experimental provision of crash simulation and experimental technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN104123875B CN104123875B CN201410298014.6A CN201410298014A CN104123875B CN 104123875 B CN104123875 B CN 104123875B CN 201410298014 A CN201410298014 A CN 201410298014A CN 104123875 B CN104123875 B CN 104123875B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of tailing dam and overflow the top experimental provision of crash simulation and experimental technique, belong to Geotechnical Engineering field, mine.The present invention includes simulated experiment container, rainfall simulator, change slope device; Rainfall simulator is installed on above simulated experiment container.The present invention's tailing dam can simulated under different rainfall intensity and different tailing dam side slope angle overflows bursting bad situation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering field, mine, specifically a kind of tailing dam overflow top crash simulation experimental provision, the unrestrained bursting being mainly used in lab simulation tailing dam is bad.
Background technology
Along with human society growing with each passing day to resources requirement, a large amount of mine tailing will be produced when developing and utilizing mineral resources, it is then the most frequently used tailings impoundment mode that construction tailing dam carries out tailings discharging, the production facility that Ye Shi bargh is important, when a large amount of tailings impoundments is before dam, tailing dam can form together with Tailings Slurries a large amount of in Tailings Dam the artificial rubble flow dangerous matter sources that has high potential energy.The fact shows again and again, and tailing dam, once accident, by causing huge disaster and loss to industrial and agricultural production and downstream people's lives and properties, causes Xiangfen, the Shanxi Province dam-break accident of 277 people's death to beat alarm bell to the safety case of tailing dam especially for 2008.
Rainfall is the key factor causing tailing dam dam break, the Tailings Dam when rainfall intensity is excessive is not because have the blocking of enough reservoir capacity for flood control or flood drainage system or damage to cause flood in Tailings Dam not discharge in time, flood will cause downstream dam slope after overflowing dam crest and wash away, and sluicing constantly destroys dam structure and finally causes dam break; But owing to lacking accurate, complete dam break field measurement data, and field experiment because of quantities great experimental period long and be difficult to carry out, therefore current to tailing dam overflow top dam break development mechanism research and unclear, cannot accurately understand dam body corrode evolution.For this reason, the present invention devise a kind of tailing dam overflow top crash simulation experimental provision with simulate flood overflow push up to the erosion process of tailing dam and the failure mechanism of dam body.The ultimate principle of simulated experiment is the rule according to physical phenomenon, the real work situation of prototype structure is simulated with model experiment, again according to counter some characteristic pushing away prototype structure of the result of model test, the numerical value recorded by model experiment can be scaled the analog value needed for practical problems by a certain percentage, its important means as scientific and technical research widespread use and every field.
In view of tailing dam destroys the seriousness of harm, guarantee that the safety of tailing dam is not only related to the Production requirement of bargh, more be related to the security of the lives and property and the environmental disruption problem of the downstream people, therefore understand the factor such as rainfall and slope angle and bursting bad process study overflow to dam body have important practical significance.Unrestrained bursting bad simulated experiment can be carried out rainfall and slope angle and tailing dam overflow to the research of top dam break impact, for the research of tailing dam mechanism of collapsed dam and the foundation of dam break model provide experimental basis.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of tailing dam overflow top crash simulation experimental provision, this device can build different tailing dam models according to the composition of tailing dam and design feature, the tailings dam carried out under different rainfall intensity and different slope angle condition overflows the bad physical simulation experiment of bursting, to study unrestrained top failure mode and the failure mechanism of tailings dam.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the object of the invention is such, a kind of tailing dam overflow top crash simulation experimental provision, it is characterized in that: comprise simulated experiment container, rainfall simulator and change slope device.
Described experiment container is the uncovered container in a upper end.
Described rainfall simulator is positioned at above described experiment container.During experiment, spray water in described rainfall simulator experiment container downwards.
Described change slope device comprises one piece and becomes ramp.Described change ramp is one piece of rectangular flat being arranged in described experiment container.A limit of described change ramp is hinged on the bottom of experiment container.
Before experiment starts, insert the sample ore as tested sample to described experiment container.Described change ramp is positioned at the side of tested sample.Described change ramp presses to tested sample, makes described tested sample be pressed into certain angle.
Further, described experiment container is made up of transparent front apron, backboard, right baffle-plate, right baffle plate and base plate.
Further, described rainfall simulator comprises: water pipe, water check valve, force (forcing) pump, flow control valve, flowmeter, rainfall shower nozzle, aperture, bracing frame and support frame base.
Support frame as described above base is positioned at the side of experiment container.Support frame as described above lower end is connected on support frame base, upper end supports rainfall shower nozzle.
Described rainfall shower nozzle is connected with water pipe.Described water pipe is provided with force (forcing) pump water check valve, flow control valve and flowmeter.
During experiment, the aperture on described rainfall shower nozzle is sprayed water downwards.
Further, described change ramp is hinged on the upper surface of base plate by hinge hinge.Described change ramp is perpendicular to front apron and backboard.The interior plate face of described backboard has arc groove.The center of circle of described arc groove is on the extended line of the rotating shaft of described change ramp.
Described change ramp is provided with screw rod towards the side of arc groove.Described screw rod is parallel to the rotating shaft becoming ramp.One end of described screw rod is connected on change ramp, the other end inserts in arc groove.
Further, described screw rod has screwed in nut.The inner side of described backboard has angle index line.Described angle index line is positioned at around arc groove.The center of described angle index line is the center of circle of arc groove.
Further, described front apron, backboard, right baffle-plate and right baffle plate are transparent material, and change ramp is steel plate.
Further, described experiment container inside is provided with water-level observation pipe.
During experiment, described water-level observation pipe lower end is inserted in tested sample.
Further, described water-level observation pipe is pvc material.The tube wall of described water-level observation pipe have some through holes.The outer wall external application geotextile parcel of described water-level observation pipe.
Further, described base plate lower end has support.Described base plate has weep hole.
The object of this experimental provision is that the dam body carried out under different condition of raining and different slope angle condition overflows the bad laboratory physical simulation experiment of bursting, studies dam body failure mode and failure mechanism.The present invention also openly adopts the experimental procedure of said apparatus:
1) change ramp is adjusted to required angle, and the position becoming ramp is fixed.
2) be encased in experiment container by mine tailing sample, described mine tailing sample is positioned at the side becoming ramp.After the compacting of mine tailing sample, form the tailings dam of simulation.
3) removing becoming the fixing of ramp, making to become the side that ramp turns to tailings dam dorsad.
4) rainfall simulator is to the tailings dam water spray in experiment container, with simulated rainfall.
5) rainfall simulator applying rainfall is washed away tailings dam, until there is dam break.The data of record dam break.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, tailing dam unrestrained top destructive process under energy simulated rainfall conditions;
2, the tailing dam side slope of different slope angle can be simulated;
3, the intensity of rainfall can be changed;
4, water in dam bit line height can be measured;
5, the water sand mixture under rushing down can be discharged outside simulation container.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is simulated experiment container schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is rainfall simulator schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is change slope of the present invention device schematic diagram.
In figure: simulated experiment container A, rainfall simulator B, change slope device C, front apron 1, backboard 2, right baffle-plate 3, right baffle plate 4, base plate 5, support 6, weep hole 7, water-level observation pipe 8, dam body 9, water pipe 10, water check valve 11, force (forcing) pump 12, flow control valve 13, flowmeter 14, rainfall shower nozzle 15, aperture 16, bracing frame 17, support frame base 18, change ramp 19, hinge hinge 20, change slope groove 21, screw rod 22, nut 23, angle index line 24.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention and be only limitted to following embodiment.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, make various replacement and change, all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Tailing dam overflow top crash simulation an experimental provision, comprise simulated experiment container A, rainfall simulator B and become slope device C.
Described experiment container A is the uncovered container in a upper end.In embodiment, described experiment container A is made up of transparent front apron 1, backboard 2, right baffle-plate 3, right baffle plate 4 and base plate 5.Described front apron 1, backboard 2, right baffle-plate 3 and right baffle plate 4 are transparent material, and becoming ramp 19 is steel plate.Described base plate 5 lower end has support 6.Described base plate 5 has weep hole 7.
Described rainfall simulator B is positioned at above described experiment container A.During experiment, spray water in described rainfall simulator B experiment container A downwards.Comprise see rainfall simulator B described in accompanying drawing 3: water pipe 10, water check valve 11, force (forcing) pump 12, flow control valve 13, flowmeter 14, rainfall shower nozzle 15, aperture 16, bracing frame 17 and support frame base 18, to reach the object controlling and record rainfall simulator B injection flow rate.Support frame as described above base 18 is positioned at the side of experiment container A.Support frame as described above 17 lower end is connected on support frame base 18, upper end supports rainfall shower nozzle 15.Described rainfall shower nozzle 15 is connected with water pipe 10.Described water pipe 10 is provided with force (forcing) pump 12 water check valve 11, flow control valve 13 and flowmeter 14.During experiment, the aperture 16 on described rainfall shower nozzle 15 is sprayed water downwards.
Described change slope device C comprises one piece and becomes ramp 19.Described change ramp 19 is one piece of rectangular flat being arranged in described experiment container A.A limit of described change ramp 19 is hinged on the bottom of experiment container A.
Before experiment starts, insert the sample ore as tested sample to described experiment container A.Described change ramp 19 is positioned at the side of tested sample.Described change ramp 19 presses to tested sample, makes described tested sample be pressed into certain angle.
As preferably, need the angle of inclination controlling to become ramp 19, to arrive the object of the tailing dam simulating different gradient.
In embodiment, to achieve these goals, described change ramp 19 is hinged on the upper surface of base plate 5 by hinge hinge 20.Described change ramp 19 is perpendicular to front apron 1 and backboard 2.The interior plate face (side towards experiment container A center is inner side) of described backboard 2 has arc groove 21.The center of circle of described arc groove 21 is on the extended line of the rotating shaft of described change ramp 19.
Described change ramp 19 is provided with screw rod 22 towards the side of arc groove 21.Described screw rod 22 is parallel to the rotating shaft becoming ramp 19.One end of described screw rod 22 is connected on change ramp 19, the other end inserts in arc groove 21.
Further, the present embodiment also discloses a kind of mode of being locked by change ramp 19, namely described screw rod 22 has screwed in nut 23.Rotate described nut 23, make nut 23 compress the inner side of backboard 2, so just making to become ramp 19 can not rotate under external force easily.The inner side of described backboard 2 has angle index line 24.Described angle index line 24 is positioned at arc groove 21 around.The center of described angle index line 24 is centers of circle of arc groove 21.
Preferably, described experiment container A inside is provided with water-level observation pipe 8.During experiment, described water-level observation pipe 8 lower end is inserted in tested sample.To observe the height of tested sample middle water level.Described water-level observation pipe 8 is pvc material.The tube wall of described water-level observation pipe 8 has some through holes, the water in tested sample can successfully be infiltrated.The formation of described through hole is the mode adopting quincunx boring.The outer wall external application geotextile parcel of described water-level observation pipe 8, to prevent the Particle Blocking through hole in tested sample.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment have employed device described in embodiment 1, carry out tailing dam overflow top crash simulation experiment, mainly comprise the following steps:
1) the mine tailing sample obtained is put into drying baker to dry, drying baker temperature controls at 105 °-110 °, and drying time is 8-10 hour.
2) tilt in 30 ° by change ramp 19, rotating screw cap 23, make nut 23 compress the inner side of backboard 2, the angle becoming ramp 19 will be fixed as 30 °.
3) control tailings dam Compaction by dry density, when mine tailing sample dry density calculates, volume is calculated by the container volume of its correspondence, and mine tailing sample compacted dry density, by actual acquisition of weighing, controls at 1.7g/cm by mine tailing sample quality
3left and right, described mine tailing sample is positioned at the side becoming ramp 19.
4) divided by mine tailing sample 3 compactings to be encased in experiment container A, and carry out dabbing operation between dress sample layered, after the compacting of mine tailing sample, will the tailings dam of simulation be formed.
5) removing becoming the fixing of ramp 19, change ramp 19 being turned to a rear flank horizontal positioned of tailings dam dorsad, making it not contact with tailings dam.
6) open the water check valve 11 of rainfall simulator B, control rainfall intensity by flow control valve 13 and flow regulation table 14, to the tailings dam water spray in experiment container A, make water level overflow dam crest;
7) keep rainfall intensity, spill stream is washed away dam body, until dam break completely.
8) the dam break time of dam body is recorded, dam break position, dam break process, the form after dam break and the parameter such as rainfall intensity and dam slope angle.
Remove the object in experiment container A, repeat above-mentioned steps.Wherein, change tailings dam slope angle (becoming the angle that ramp 19 tilts in step 2), change rainfall intensity (discharge in step 6).Under recording the natural conditions of multiple analog, the dam break time of dam body, dam break position, dam break process, the form after dam break and the parameter such as rainfall intensity and dam slope angle.
Claims (7)
1. tailing dam overflow top crash simulation an experimental provision, it is characterized in that: comprise simulated experiment container (A), rainfall simulator (B) and change slope device (C);
Described simulated experiment container (A) is the uncovered container in a upper end;
Described rainfall simulator (B) is positioned at described simulated experiment container (A) top; During experiment, water spray in described rainfall simulator (B) simulated experiment container (A) downwards;
Described change slope device (C) comprises one piece and becomes ramp (19); Described change ramp (19) is one piece of rectangular flat being arranged in described simulated experiment container (A); A limit of described change ramp (19) is hinged on the bottom of simulated experiment container (A);
Before experiment starts, insert the sample ore as tested sample to described simulated experiment container (A); Described change ramp (19) is positioned at the side of tested sample; Described change ramp (19) presses to tested sample, makes described tested sample be pressed into certain angle;
Described simulated experiment container (A) is made up of transparent front apron (1), backboard (2), right baffle-plate (3), right baffle plate (4) and base plate (5);
Described rainfall simulator (B) comprising: water pipe (10), water check valve (11), force (forcing) pump (12), flow control valve (13), flowmeter (14), rainfall shower nozzle (15), aperture (16), bracing frame (17) and support frame base (18);
Support frame as described above base (18) is positioned at the side of simulated experiment container (A); Support frame as described above (17) lower end is connected on support frame base (18), upper end supports rainfall shower nozzle (15);
Described rainfall shower nozzle (15) is connected with water pipe (10); Described water pipe (10) is provided with force (forcing) pump (12), water check valve (11), flow control valve (13) and flowmeter (14);
During experiment, the aperture (16) on described rainfall shower nozzle (15) is sprayed water downwards;
Described change ramp (19) is hinged on the upper surface of base plate (5) by hinge hinge (20); Described change ramp (19) is perpendicular to front apron (1) and backboard (2); The interior plate face of described backboard (2) has arc groove (21); The center of circle of described arc groove (21) is on the extended line of the rotating shaft of described change ramp (19);
Described change ramp (19) is provided with screw rod (22) towards the side of arc groove (21); Described screw rod (22) is parallel to the rotating shaft becoming ramp (19); One end of described screw rod (22) is connected in change ramp (19), the other end inserts in arc groove (21).
2. a kind of tailing dam according to claim 1 overflow top crash simulation experimental provision, it is characterized in that: described screw rod (22) has screwed in nut (23); The inner side of described backboard (2) has angle index line (24); Described angle index line (24) is positioned at arc groove (21) around; The center of described angle index line (24) is the center of circle of arc groove (21).
3. a kind of tailing dam according to claim 2 overflow top crash simulation experimental provision, it is characterized in that: described front apron (1), backboard (2), right baffle-plate (3) and right baffle plate (4) are transparent material, change ramp (19) be steel plate.
4. a kind of tailing dam according to claim 1 overflow top crash simulation experimental provision, it is characterized in that: described simulated experiment container (A) inside is provided with water-level observation pipe (8);
During experiment, described water-level observation pipe (8) lower end is inserted in tested sample.
5. a kind of tailing dam according to claim 4 overflow top crash simulation experimental provision, it is characterized in that: described water-level observation pipe (8) is pvc material; The tube wall of described water-level observation pipe (8) have some through holes; The outer wall external application geotextile parcel of described water-level observation pipe (8).
6. a kind of tailing dam according to claim 2 overflow top crash simulation experimental provision, it is characterized in that: described base plate (5) lower end has support (6); Described base plate (5) has weep hole (7).
7. the tailing dam that have employed experimental provision described in 1 ~ 6 any one claim overflows the experimental technique of top crash simulation, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) ramp (19) will be become and adjust to required angle, and the position becoming ramp (19) is fixed;
2) be encased in by mine tailing sample in simulated experiment container (A), described mine tailing sample is positioned at the side becoming ramp (19); After the compacting of mine tailing sample, form the tailings dam of simulation;
3) removing becoming the fixing of ramp (19), making to become the side that ramp (19) turns to tailings dam dorsad;
4) rainfall simulator (B) is to the tailings dam water spray in simulated experiment container (A), with simulated rainfall;
5) rainfall simulator (B) applies rainfall and washes away tailings dam, until there is dam break; The data of record dam break.
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| CN104404913B (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-02-10 | 河海大学 | For simulate sand-gravel dam burst test panel construction and manufacture method |
| CN104563055B (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-08-24 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of simulation tailing dam ecological revetment system |
| CN106093316B (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-12-22 | 昆明理工大学 | Tailing dam overflows dam analogue experiment installation and experimental method under a kind of rainfall |
| CN109272850A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-25 | 河海大学 | A kind of totally enclosed type overfall dam overflow demonstrating experiment device |
| CN109815574B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2022-11-29 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and device for determining flood condition of overtopping dam break of tailing pond |
| CN110441493B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-06-16 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Adjustable multifunctional landslide river channel accumulation disaster range test equipment |
| CN111622170B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-03-23 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Dam break simulation system and method for tailing pond |
| CN111735933A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-02 | 辽宁大学 | Ecological restoration tailing dam slope stability simulation test device and application thereof |
| CN112083123B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2021-04-06 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Experimental device for simulation of overtopping damage of tailing dam |
| CN111855443B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2024-03-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Experimental device for monitoring whole disaster-causing process of unstability of dispersion accumulating dam |
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