CN106290800A - A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method and device - Google Patents

A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method and device Download PDF

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CN106290800A
CN106290800A CN201610872317.3A CN201610872317A CN106290800A CN 106290800 A CN106290800 A CN 106290800A CN 201610872317 A CN201610872317 A CN 201610872317A CN 106290800 A CN106290800 A CN 106290800A
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water
slope
flow
cross flow
soil
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CN106290800B (en
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张锐
郑健龙
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid

Abstract

A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method and device, described device includes liftable side slope analog, cross flow washing analog device, water and soil collection device, flow velocity measuring device, slope pattern camera head；Its test method is by controlling water flow, forms overland flow and seepage flow, collects cross flow water, seepage water and cross flow water and washes away the quantity of sand and mud of domatic formation.Realize the flow of quantitative measurement current, flow velocity, depth of erosion, sediment yield etc..Compacted soil immersion is used to be simulated after saturated, improve slope erosion simulation laboratory test efficiency, shorten the test period, result of the test indicates slope erosion ditch depth capacity and sediment yield rule over time, disclose charge for remittance water erosion ability and side slope length of grade, the gradient, the relation of time behind slope, for prediction water erosion scale, provide foundation, apparatus of the present invention simple in construction the need of to side slope protection with reinforcing, easy to operate, be suitable to the measurement of slope soil parameters in soil mechanics.

Description

A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method and device
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method and device, belong to soil body soil power Learn parameter measuring technical field.
Background technology
Washing away damaged or destroyed by flood is a kind of failure mode common in slope project, constantly expands along with domestic project builds ground, invades Erosion damaged or destroyed by flood problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and has become the hot issue paid close attention in the field slope projects such as highway in China, railway, water conservancy. Slope erosion destroys the side slope being more common in hand excavation or embankment, is often later than engineering construction due to side slope protection, and slope table is long-time It is exposed under natural environment, is affected by natural conditions；Particularly under intense rainfall condition, behind slope, current converge and form cross flow, Take away a large amount of silt when a large amount of water bodys are along domatic flowing downward, make slope table by Eroded, after water infiltration, reduce again soil The shearing strength of body, it is likely that cause slope instability to destroy, brings serious potential safety hazard to Practical Project.
Chinese scholars has carried out numerous studies by test to side slope erosion damage pattern and process.Wherein, how Effectively the simulation actual scour process of side slope, carries out quantitative analysis for main factor, is the key of research slope erosion problem. At present, the domestic research method to slope erosion and device, mainly for two aspects:
(1) rainfall impact on slope erosion is emphasized.This kind of invention is mainly by simulation different rainfall, raininess, rainwater, fixed Property ground analyze rainfall impact that side slope superficial form is changed and on filler water content of soil, the impact of mechanical property.Attempt Set up the quantitative relationship of rainfall and slope erosion degree.In practice for most of engineering slopes, the catchment area behind slope exceedes Domatic, rainfall behind slope converge the main influence factor that the cross flow formed is side slope top layer erosion attack.For rainfall, The hitting the effect of spattering and can cause side slope topsoil skinning in various degree of raindrop, this can make soil body hole diminish, under ooze minimizing, produce Stream time advance, increases the complexity that slope erosion is studied by current.Meanwhile, the simulation of rainfall also is difficult to actual with scene Environment is consistent, and in the height of rainfall, the dense degree of raindrop, rainfall, the change of raininess all cannot realize in simulations, this Hinder slope erosion and study the most deep carrying out.
(2) the research runoff impact on slope erosion.This kind of invention uses the mode pair applying pencil current at Po Dingchu Side slope carries out erosion, it is possible to quantitative analysis water flow, flow velocity are on side slope sand surfing amount, the impact of the coombe degree of depth.But on actual limit In the engineering of slope, first rainwater can converge behind slope, and Wash flow is initially to carry out, the most just in the way of cross flow Gradually erosion forms rill or shallow ridges runoff.Meanwhile, seepage flow is non-negligible, in engineering on the erosion of side slope and the impact of stability Often need to control the size of seepage discharge to safeguard stability of slope, and in such device, not account for the seepage flow of slope table.
In sum, existing research the most only considers the slope table rainfall impact on the erosion caused by sloping surfaces, have ignored charge for remittance behind slope In the cross flow that Po Dingchu is formed, and the latter is the factor that slope erosion damaged or destroyed by flood is main.Starting 60 meters of long test sections at a high speed with wide Buddhist is Example, half range embankment catchment area reaches 780m2, a large amount of rainwater catchment tailing edge slope wash, make the top layer soil body run off, accelerate current Lower infiltration rate degree, brings serious safety problem to slope project, and building of Ye Gei highway causes huge with normal operation simultaneously Big impact.
Therefore, market demand is a kind of can simulate test method and the device that actual side slope cross flow is corroded, and takes into full account existing Field runoff and the actual transport conditions of seepage flow, set up the connection between water flow, flow velocity, the gradient, length of grade and slope erosion degree System, it was predicted that the erosion degree that in engineering, side slope is likely to result under the conditions of local climate, instructs side slope to safeguard, it is ensured that stability of slope Reference is provided.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the deficiency overcoming existing laboratory testing rig in research slope erosion problem, for south Side's rainy climate, slope soil is easily by the feature of current scour, it is provided that a kind of simple in construction, easy to operate soil-slope water resistant Stream erosiveness simulation test device；The every of slope body erosion is quickly obtained by the water erosion environment of simulation slope erosion Necessary data.
Further object is that offer is a kind of based on soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device Soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device of the present invention, including liftable side slope analog, Cross flow washing analog device, it is characterised in that: described liftable side slope analog includes that base, experimental tank device, the gradient regulate Device, described cross flow washing analog device is arranged on the top of described experimental tank device, and described cross flow washing analog device includes overflowing Flow tube, cross flow plate, water supply installation, described cross flow plate is tangent with cross flow pipe cylindrical and connects as one, at described cross flow Guan Shangshe There are apopore and the water inlet with water supply installation UNICOM.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device of the present invention, also includes water and soil collection device, described Water and soil collection device is arranged on the bottom of described experimental tank device, accepts cross flow water, seepage water and the cross flow flowing through experimental tank device Water washes away the silt that the soil sample to be measured filled in experimental tank device is formed.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device of the present invention, described water and soil collection device is provided with 2 Collect container, accept seepage water and cross flow water respectively and cross flow water washes away the mud that the soil sample to be measured filled in experimental tank device is formed Husky.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device of the present invention, also includes flow velocity measuring device, described Flow velocity measuring device includes 2 high-speed cameras, scales；2 high-speed cameras are separately mounted on experimental tank device by support Portion and bottom, described scale is arranged along the length direction of experimental tank device.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device of the present invention, also includes slope pattern camera head, Described slope pattern camera head is arranged in the middle part of experimental tank device by support, and the camera lens place plane of camera head and experimental tank Device place plane is parallel.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device of the present invention, in described cross flow washing analog device, Cross flow pipe is inserted into by bolt in the track being located at experimental tank device length direction, can slide with direction along ng a path, pass through spinning Nut location on screw rod；
Apopore on cross flow pipe is uniformly distributed on the same line, and the water that apopore flows out is trickled down on cross flow plate.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device of the present invention, water supply installation includes water tank, water pump, stream Adjustable valve, effusion meter, water pipe, described water pipe one end is inserted in water tank, the other end and cross flow pipe UNICOM, on water pipe successively Water pump, flow control valve, effusion meter are installed.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device of the present invention, described liftable side slope analog In, experimental tank device includes packing groove, seepage tank, and slope conditioning includes angel measuring instrument, hydraulic jack；Described packing groove Being arranged on seepage tank, seepage tank one end is hinged on base, and the other end is connected with the hydraulic jack being located on base；Seepage flow Between groove and base, the excursion of angle is 0 °～70 °；Described angel measuring instrument is arranged on experimental tank device.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device of the present invention, it is permeable that packing groove base plate is provided with seepage flow Hole, seepage flow permeable hole is provided with the switch being turned on and off, and is also covered with geotextiles on packing groove base plate.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method of the present invention, comprises the steps:
The first step: filler, compacting, saturated
The filler soil body that scene obtains is filled in packing groove, is compacted by the actual compactness of side slope to be tested, immersion To the most saturated, stand more than homogenizing 24h, cover vaporization prevention film in filler soil body surface and close packing groove base plate to arrange seepage flow permeable Hole；
Second step: the regulation gradient
According to the gradient of side slope to be tested, angle between regulation experimental tank device and base, make experimental tank and realistic simulation side slope The gradient is consistent；
3rd step: determine cross flow flow
According to side slope region repetition period of rainfall in Practical Project and the average rainfall intensity in rainfall duration, runoff system Number, catchment area, by watershed behind JTG/T D33-2012 " highway drainage design specification " hydrology computing formula calculating slope Flow；By the flow of watershed/slope width, obtain discharge per unit width；
3rd step: demarcate Wash flow slope overhead stream speed
Opening water pump, send water to cross flow pipe, the water making cross flow pipe apopore flow out forms cross flow on cross flow plate, adjusts stream The flow of adjustable valve reaches the 3rd calculated discharge per unit width of step, uses dying infiltration method to measure water on cross flow plate Flow velocity, is designated as slope overhead stream speed V0；
4th step: measurement, record
Remove the vaporization prevention film of filler soil body surface, open seepage flow permeable hole, make cross flow water flow through filler soil body surface, absolutely Filler soil body surface will be washed away by major part cross flow water, and few part is penetrated in the filler soil body, after continuing 10-40 minute, Block cross flow water, terminate test；In process of the test, shoot domatic video, bar number that record rill is carried out, shape, width；By dye The timing of toner tracer method measures flow velocity when cross flow water flow to bottom the filler soil body, is designated as toe flow velocity Vi, i=1,2, 3....n；By measuring toe flow velocity ViTime point, measure erosion ditch depth capacity, collected respectively by water and soil collection device and ooze Flowing water, cross flow water and cross flow water wash away the silt that the filler soil body is formed；
5th step；Data process
Weigh cross flow water, seepage water, the weight of silt, with flushing time as abscissa, cross flow water, seepage water, mud respectively Husky weight, the depth capacity of erosion ditch and toe flow velocity ViFor vertical coordinate, set up coordinate system, draw different corrosive effect factor Versus time curve；Calculate erosion ditch and reach the sediment yield size under time required during 30cm and corresponding time；According to This can estimate actual side slope erosion scale under current hydraulics, and the protective reinforcing for side slope provides foundation.
One soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method of the present invention, in packing groove, filler soil body thickness is 20-40cm。
A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method of present invention offer and device, by adjusting filler Compactness, moisture content, the experimental tank gradient simulate dissimilar actual side slope, by regulation pump power control Wash flow flow with The size different actual Scouring Condition of operating mode of simulation of flow velocity, by collection system and monitoring system be washed the water yield, seepage discharge, The data of loss quantity of sand and mud are studied side slope damaged or destroyed by flood mechanism and offer reference to casing pipe protection.
The present invention can calculate different soil property filler, flow velocity, the gradient, length of grade to slope erosion by the data that test obtains The impact of ability.Same type side slope can be obtained, the gradient and the pass of sediment yield, length of grade and sediment yield, flow velocity and sediment yield System, thus clearly most important to side slope erosion amount influence factor.When Effects of Density maximum, can to domatic appropriate compacting, adopt Take rigid protection or semi-rigid safeguard procedures；When length of grade impact is maximum, the measure of intercepting water can be increased or set up platform；When flow velocity shadow When ringing maximum, gutter can be set on top, slope, reduce top, slope catchment area, increase the time that current converge.When gradient impact maximum Time, illustrate that the descending energy of current increases fast, complex method can be taked, increase domatic stop water, reduce flow energy and increase speed Rate.The result tested by the present invention, can be taked measure targetedly to carry out effective water resistant stream according to the actual characteristic of side slope and invade Erosion protection.Both decreased the fund waste excessively caused because of Anti-erosion measure safeguard procedures, reduced again because protective capacities is not enough The risk repeating construction caused, has preferable practical engineering application and is worth.
Present invention, avoiding the slope table sputter caused because of rainfall and destroy and hit the effect of the spattering interference to flow rate of water flow, determine slope The initial flow rate of face current, comprehensive simulated slope flow convergence, rill, shallow ridges form the process carried out.Can quantitative study Relation between flow velocity, flow and slope erosion amount, provides condition for deeply probing into side slope damaged or destroyed by flood mechanism.
In the compacting process of filler, select different compactions in layers thick according to the size of filler soil body initial dry density Degree, when initial dry density is bigger, every 1cm thickness is compacted once, and when initial dry density is less, compacting operation can cause frequently The soil body is overstocked, therefore compaction in layers thickness need to increase in right amount.Cheng Qian is crossed in current scour, because first flow and flow velocity being demarcated, Solve water pump different capacity water flow corresponding under different gradient and flow velocity, appropriate design testing program.The present invention not only may be used To collect the soil erosion amount caused of washing away, the seepage flow flow to experimental tank can also be oozed under being collected in scour process simultaneously, This provides the foundation of necessity for research side slope damaged or destroyed by flood mechanism.
Accordingly, with respect to the tradition research of Field simulation slope erosion, indoor stack fill slope Scrubbing Study, rain making side slope Scrubbing Study, the invention have the advantage that
1. can simulate charge for remittance cross flow after actual Slope.Calculate based on local meteorological data and the actual catchment area of side slope Obtaining flow and the flow velocity of cross flow, the present invention is capable of the simulation to the cross flow of Slope top, and more laminating engineering is actual.
2. can runoff simulation and the impact of seepage flow simultaneously.With compared with type method and device, the present invention can not only Research slope table corrodes, additionally it is possible to the seepage discharge under souring and percolation flow velocity are carried out quantitative research.
3. can carry out water erosion and destroy the research of progressive mechanism.Avoid the sputter caused because of rainfall to the slope table soil body Form and the impact of flow rate of water flow.Compared with the test of rain making slope erosion, the present invention can more be accurately controlled and wash away The flow of current and flow velocity, this is that the relation between research side slope sand surfing amount and Wash flow provides reference and foundation.
4. can estimate certain condition of raining slope by the degree of charge for remittance water erosion behind slope.The feature that the present invention is maximum Be to can be used in predicting certain raininess, under the conditions of rainfall duration, actual side slope suffers the degree of water erosion, thus is side slope Protection with reinforce provide foundation.
In sum, present configuration advantages of simple, easy to operate, come by the water erosion environment of simulation slope erosion Quickly obtain every necessary data that slope body corrodes, it is possible to the flow of quantitative measurement current, flow velocity, depth of erosion, sediment yield etc.. The foundation of necessity is provided for research side slope damaged or destroyed by flood mechanism.Solve because weather conditions are complicated and changeable in slope erosion simulation, examination The problem testing poor repeatability；By studying under certain condition of raining, slope erosion ditch depth capacity and sediment yield change in time Law, discloses charge for remittance water erosion ability and side slope length of grade, the gradient, the relation of time behind slope with this, and then to water erosion Scale is predicted, and the protection as construction time side slope provides foundation with reinforcing；Compacted soil immersion is used to carry out after saturated Simulation, improves slope erosion simulation laboratory test efficiency, shortens the test period, saves experimentation cost, and apparatus structure letter Single, easy to operate, it is possible to promote in association area.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 show overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is experimental tank test figure at the bottom of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 3 is experimental tank top view of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 4 goes out to flow installation drawing for cross flow of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 5 is initial dry density 1.28g/cm3Granite residual soil filler slope when current scour slope top, toe Flow rate of water flow and silt content schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 6 is initial dry density 1.58g/cm3Granite residual soil filler slope when current scour slope top, toe Flow rate of water flow and silt content schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 7 is initial dry density 1.28g/cm3The maximum erosion when current scour of granite residual soil filler slope The degree of depth changes over schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 8 is initial dry density 1.58g/cm3The maximum erosion when current scour of granite residual soil filler slope The degree of depth changes over schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 9 is initial dry density 1.28g/cm3Granite residual soil filler slope when current scour silt content with Time change schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 10 is initial dry density 1.58g/cm3Granite residual soil filler slope when current scour silt content with Time change schematic diagram.
In accompanying drawing 1,2,3,4:
1---base, 2---experimental tank device, 3---slope conditioning, 4---cross flow pipe, 5--cross flow plate, 6---water outlet Hole, 8---bolt, 9---track, 10---nut, 11--water tank, 12---water pump, 13---flow control valve, 14---flow Meter, 15---water pipe, 16,17---high-speed camera, 18---scale, 19---support, 20---camera head, 21,22---receive Collection bucket.
In experimental tank device 2,2-1---packing groove, 2-2---seepage tank, 2-3---packing groove base plate, 2-4---seepage flow is permeable Hole, 2-5---switchs；
In slope conditioning 3,3-1---angel measuring instrument, 3-2---hydraulic jack；
From accompanying drawing 5 it can be seen that；Density is 1.28g/cm3Soil property filler side slope, its slope overhead stream speed increase in time by The least, toe flow velocity increases in time and is gradually increased；
From accompanying drawing 6 it can be seen that density is 1.58g/cm3Soil property filler side slope, its slope overhead stream, toe flow velocity size with Time increase is fluctuated up and down, but overall holding stablizes；
From accompanying drawing 7 it can be seen that dry density is 1.28g/cm3Soil property filler side slope, its sand surfing amount increasing over time Adding and increase, initial time sand surfing amount is advanced the speed soon, and speedup increases over time and reduces；
From accompanying drawing 8 it can be seen that density is 1.58g/cm3Soil property filler side slope, its increasing over time Han sand surfing amount Adding and increase, initial time sand surfing amount is advanced the speed soon, and speedup increases over time and reduces；
From accompanying drawing 9 it can be seen that density is 1.28g/cm3Soil property filler side slope, its maximum erosion depth is along with washing away The increase of time and increase, initial time is advanced the speed soon, after gradually tend to mild, erosion depth reaches to keep not during 30cm Become；
From accompanying drawing 10 it can be seen that density is 1.58g/cm3Soil property filler side slope, its maximum erosion depth is along with washing away The increase of time and increase, initial time is advanced the speed soon, after gradually tend to mild, erosion depth reaches to keep not during 30cm Become.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Seeing accompanying drawing 1,2,3,4, soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device of the present invention, including liftable limit Slope analog, cross flow washing analog device；
Described liftable side slope analog includes base 1, experimental tank device 2, slope conditioning 3, and described cross flow is washed away Analog is arranged on the top of described experimental tank device, and described cross flow washing analog device includes cross flow pipe 4, cross flow plate 5, supplies water Device, described cross flow plate 5 is tangent with cross flow pipe 4 cylindrical and connects as one, described cross flow pipe 4 is provided with apopore 6 and With the water inlet of water supply installation UNICOM, cross flow pipe 4 is inserted in the track 9 being located at experimental tank device 2 length direction by bolt 8, Can slide along track 9 direction, be positioned by spinning nut 10 on screw rod；
Apopore 6 on cross flow pipe 4 is uniformly distributed on the same line, and the water that apopore 6 flows out is trickled down at cross flow plate 5 On；
In described liftable side slope analog, experimental tank device 2 includes packing groove 2-1, seepage tank 2-2, gradient regulation dress Put 3 and include angel measuring instrument 3-1, hydraulic jack 3-2；Described packing groove 2-1 is arranged on seepage tank 2-2, seepage tank 2-2 mono- End is hinged on base 1, and the other end is connected with the hydraulic jack 11 being located on base 1；Press from both sides between seepage tank 2-2 and base 1 The excursion at angle is 0 °～70 °；Described angel measuring instrument 3-1 is arranged on experimental tank device 2, and packing groove base plate 2-3 is provided with and oozes Stream permeable hole 2-4, seepage flow permeable hole 2-4 are provided with the switch 2-5 being turned on and off, and are also covered with soil on packing groove base plate 2-3 Work cloth；
In cross flow washing analog device, water supply installation includes water tank 11, water pump 12, flow control valve 13, effusion meter 14, water Pipe 15, described water pipe 15 one end is inserted in water tank 11, the other end and cross flow pipe 4 UNICOM, is sequentially installed with water on water pipe 11 Pump 12, flow control valve 13, effusion meter 14；
In the present embodiment, also include that water and soil collection device, described water and soil collection device are arranged on the end of described experimental tank device 2 Portion, undertaking flows through the cross flow water of experimental tank device 2, seepage water and cross flow water and washes away the soil sample to be measured formation filled in experimental tank device Silt；
Described water and soil collection device is provided with 2 collecting vessels 21,22, accepts seepage water and cross flow water and the punching of cross flow water respectively The silt that the soil sample to be measured filled in brush experimental tank device is formed；
In the present embodiment, also include that flow velocity measuring device, described flow velocity measuring device include 2 high-speed cameras 16,17, Scale 18；2 high-speed cameras are separately mounted to experimental tank device 2 top and bottom by support 19, and described scale 18 is along experimental tank The length direction of device 2 is arranged；
In the present embodiment, also include that slope pattern camera head 20, described slope pattern camera head 20 are pacified by support It is contained in the middle part of experimental tank device 2, and the camera lens place plane of camera head is parallel with experimental tank device place plane.
Embodiment 2
The test of expressway works scene K117+070 K117+130 bid section side slope of embankment is started for wide Buddhist
A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method, comprises the steps:
The first step: filler, compacting, saturated
The filler soil body that scene obtains is filled in packing groove 2-1, is densified to by the actual compactness of side slope to be tested Thickness is 30cm, and immersion, to saturated, stands more than homogenizing 24h, covers vaporization prevention film in filler soil body surface and closes packing groove Base plate arranges seepage flow permeable hole；
Second step: the regulation gradient
The gradient of side slope to be tested is 33.7 degree (slope is than 1:1.5), angle between regulation experimental tank device 2 and base 1, makes examination Groove is consistent with realistic simulation grade of side slope；
3rd step: determine cross flow flow
According to side slope region repetition period of rainfall in Practical Project and the average rainfall intensity in rainfall duration, runoff system Number, catchment area, by the flow of watershed behind " highway drainage design specification " hydrology computing formula calculating slope；
3rd step: demarcate Wash flow slope overhead stream speed
Opening water pump 12, send water to cross flow pipe 4, the water making cross flow pipe 4 apopore 6 flow out forms cross flow on cross flow plate 5, The flow adjusting flow control valve 13 reaches to calculate gained flow, uses dying infiltration method to measure water stream on cross flow plate Speed, is designated as slope overhead stream speed V0；
4th step: measurement, record
Remove the vaporization prevention film of filler soil body surface, open seepage flow permeable hole 2-4, make cross flow water flow through filler soil body surface Or penetrate in the filler soil body, after continuing 10-40 minute, block cross flow water, terminate test；In process of the test, shoot domatic video, Record rill carry out bar number, shape, width；Measure when cross flow water flow to bottom the filler soil body with the dying infiltration legal time Flow velocity, is designated as toe flow velocity Vi, i=1,2,3....n；By measuring toe flow velocity ViTime point, measure erosion ditch depth capacity, Collect seepage water, cross flow water and cross flow water respectively by water and soil collection device and wash away the silt that the filler soil body is formed；
5th step；Data process
Weigh cross flow water, seepage water, the weight of silt, with flushing time as abscissa, cross flow water, seepage water, mud respectively Husky weight, the depth capacity of erosion ditch and toe flow velocity ViFor vertical coordinate, set up coordinate system, draw different corrosive effect factor Versus time curve；Obtaining accompanying drawing 5,6,7,8,9,10, wherein Fig. 7,8,9,10 curve is obtained by measured data matching, intends Conjunction formula is as follows:
y = x a + b x - - - ( 1 )
Wherein y represents vertical coordinate data (sand surfing amount, erosion depth), and x represents abscissa data (erosion lasts), and a, b are Fitting coefficient, R2For fitting correlation coefficient.Fitting parameter and corresponding matched curve correlation coefficient are as shown in table 1:
Table 1
As shown in Table 1, the correlation coefficient of matched curve between 0.9966～0.9985, fitting precision ＞ 0.9, it was predicted that knot Fruit has higher credibility, it is possible to meet the needs of general engineering research.
From accompanying drawing 5-10 respectively it can be seen that under the boundary condition of test simulation, flow velocity is little over time, and Maximum erosion depth constantly increases along with the increase of flushing time with sand surfing amount, and initial time gathers way soon, then speedup by Gradually slowing down, when erosion trench depth reaches near 30cm, its degree of depth does not continues to increase, and the current through zanjon no longer have band The power of dynamic bottom of trench Sediment Transport.
According to shooting domatic picture and measurement data, calculate erosion ditch reach the time required during 30cm and to correspondence time Sediment yield size under between；Understand according to test, when scour depth is close to 30cm, owing to the gradient of erosion bottom of trench gradually tends to Level, current migration silt ability be remarkably decreased, erosion depth is not further added by, and erosion amount strongly reduces, weight eroded with No longer there is large change in time increase.Slope erosion amount now be regarded as this side slope suffer under certain condition of raining can Can maximum erosion scale；Actual Slope top cross flow amount can be set up accordingly and corrode the contacting of scale, estimate that actual side slope is together The erosion scale caused when being issued to maximum erosion depth Deng flow condition, thus judges whether to need to protect side slope Reinforcing, and estimate the earthwork total amount needing to carry out side slope reparation, the casing pipe protection for slope project provides foundation.

Claims (10)

1. a soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device, washes away including liftable side slope analog, cross flow Analog, it is characterised in that: described liftable side slope analog includes base, experimental tank device, slope conditioning, described Cross flow washing analog device is arranged on the top of described experimental tank device, and described cross flow washing analog device includes cross flow pipe, cross flow Plate, water supply installation, described cross flow plate is tangent with cross flow pipe cylindrical and connects as one, described cross flow pipe is provided with apopore with And with the water inlet of water supply installation UNICOM.
A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: also Including water and soil collection device, described water and soil collection device is arranged on the bottom of described experimental tank device, accepts and flows through experimental tank device Cross flow water, seepage water and cross flow water wash away the silt that the soil sample to be measured filled in experimental tank device is formed.
A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute State water and soil collection device and be provided with 2 collection containers, accept seepage water and cross flow water respectively and cross flow water washes away in experimental tank device The silt that the soil sample to be measured filled is formed.
A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: also Including flow velocity measuring device, described flow velocity measuring device includes 2 high-speed cameras, scales；2 high-speed cameras pass through support Being separately mounted to experimental tank device top and bottom, described scale is arranged along the length direction of experimental tank device.
A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: also Including slope pattern camera head, described slope pattern camera head is arranged in the middle part of experimental tank device by support, and shooting dress The camera lens place plane put is parallel with experimental tank device place plane.
6. according to a kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device described in claim 1-5 any one, its Being characterised by: in described cross flow washing analog device, cross flow pipe is inserted into the rail being located at experimental tank device length direction by bolt In road, can slide with direction along ng a path, be positioned by spinning nut on screw rod；
Apopore on cross flow pipe is uniformly distributed on the same line, and the water that apopore flows out is trickled down on cross flow plate.
A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: supply Water device includes that water tank, water pump, flow control valve, effusion meter, water pipe, described water pipe one end are inserted in water tank, the other end with Cross flow pipe UNICOM, is sequentially installed with water pump, flow control valve, effusion meter on water pipe.
A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: institute Stating in liftable side slope analog, experimental tank device includes packing groove, seepage tank, slope conditioning include angel measuring instrument, Hydraulic jack；Described packing groove is arranged on seepage tank, and seepage tank one end is hinged on base, the other end be located on base Hydraulic jack connect；Described angel measuring instrument is arranged on experimental tank device.
A kind of soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation test device the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: institute Stating packing groove base plate and be provided with seepage flow permeable hole, seepage flow permeable hole is provided with the switch being turned on and off, and also covers on packing groove base plate It is stamped geotextiles.
10. a soil-slope water resistant stream erosiveness simulation experiment method, comprises the steps:
The first step: filler, compacting, saturated
Being filled in packing groove by the filler soil body that scene obtains, be compacted by the actual compactness of side slope to be tested, immersion is to full With rear, cover vaporization prevention film in filler soil body surface and close packing groove base plate seepage flow permeable hole is set；
Second step: the regulation gradient
According to the gradient of side slope to be tested, angle between regulation experimental tank device and base, make experimental tank and realistic simulation grade of side slope Consistent；
3rd step: determine cross flow flow
According to side slope region repetition period of rainfall in Practical Project and the average rainfall intensity in rainfall duration, runoff coefficient, Catchment area, the flow of watershed behind calculating slope；By the flow of watershed/slope width, obtain discharge per unit width；
3rd step: demarcate Wash flow slope overhead stream speed
Opening water pump, send water to cross flow pipe, the water making cross flow pipe apopore flow out forms cross flow on cross flow plate, adjusts flow and adjusts The flow of joint valve reaches the 3rd calculated discharge per unit width of step, uses dying infiltration method to measure water stream on cross flow plate Speed, is designated as slope overhead stream speed V0；
4th step: measurement, record
Remove the vaporization prevention film of filler soil body surface, open seepage flow permeable hole, make cross flow water flow through filler soil body surface, continuity After 10-40 minute, block cross flow water, terminate test；In process of the test, shoot domatic video, record bar number, shape that rill is carried out Shape, width；Measure flow velocity when cross flow water flow to bottom the filler soil body with the dying infiltration legal time, be designated as toe flow velocity Vi, i =1,2,3 ... .n；By measuring toe flow velocity ViTime point, measure the depth capacity of erosion ditch, by water and soil collection device respectively Collecting seepage water, cross flow water and cross flow water wash away the silt that the filler soil body is formed；
5th step；Data process
Weigh cross flow water, seepage water, the weight of silt, with flushing time as abscissa, cross flow water, seepage water, silt weight respectively Amount, the depth capacity of erosion ditch and toe flow velocity ViFor vertical coordinate, set up coordinate system, draw different corrosive effect factor at any time Between change curve.
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