CN107843713B - Artificial rainfall simulation method for debris flow starting test - Google Patents

Artificial rainfall simulation method for debris flow starting test Download PDF

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CN107843713B
CN107843713B CN201711075861.6A CN201711075861A CN107843713B CN 107843713 B CN107843713 B CN 107843713B CN 201711075861 A CN201711075861 A CN 201711075861A CN 107843713 B CN107843713 B CN 107843713B
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debris flow
oil cylinder
water
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CN107843713A (en
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贺拿
余永强
贺玉晓
闫芙蓉
李涛
曾梅
刘泽军
都伟冰
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Henan University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial rainfall simulation method for a debris flow start test, which comprises an artificial rainfall device, a rainfall monitoring device and a control device, wherein the artificial rainfall device comprises a water tank, a water pump, a rainfall bracket and a rainfall sprayer, the rainfall sprayer is arranged on the rainfall bracket, the rainfall sprayer is connected with the water tank through a water pipeline, the water tank is connected with the water pump, the rainfall monitoring device records the actual rainfall amount, the soil water content, the soil displacement and the stretching amount of a stretching sensor and sends the detected data to the control device, and the control device judges whether debris flow occurs according to the collected data and records the slope runoff, the runoff inside the slope body, the soil body creep deformation condition and the time for forming the debris flow in the debris flow occurrence process. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, capability of simulating the debris flow detection process under different rainfall types, quick and accurate detection result and provision of basis for debris flow prediction.

Description

Artificial rainfall simulation method for debris flow starting test
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of debris flow starting tests, in particular to a debris flow starting test artificial rainfall simulation method.
Background
The mud-rock flow is a solid-liquid two-phase fluid saturated with a large amount of silt stones and boulders, has the characteristics of sudden outbreak and strong capability of carrying and impacting silting, and has great destructive power, and the nature of the mud-rock flow determines that the formation of the mud-rock flow needs a sufficient water source. The water source causing debris flow in China mainly comes from heavy rain, and the phenomenon is shown that disasters are formed when the rainfall reaches a certain critical rainfall value. Therefore, the determination of the critical rainfall has important significance for researching the debris flow formation mechanism, analyzing and predicting the future activity characteristics of the debris flow, guiding the debris flow prevention engineering design and the like.
Observation and statistical data show that a critical rainfall threshold value exists in both single-ditch debris flow and regional debris flow, and the threshold value can be determined according to influence factors or test methods of disaster historical events, landforms, geology, terrains, soil, vegetation and the like of the debris flow. In recent years, research on rainfall conditions of rainfall type debris flow and a disaster prediction problem based on rainfall factors are concerned by many debris flow students at home and abroad, and become a hot problem of debris flow research in nearly over ten years, and a series of prediction models based on rainfall and rainfall intensity are established by testing and counting rainfall indexes such as 10min rainfall intensity, 1h rainfall intensity, 24h rainfall and effective rainfall in the last n days and the occurrence relation of the debris flow by the many geological disaster students, so that the problem of debris flow disaster prediction is promoted to a great extent, and contribution is made to disaster prevention and reduction work in China.
However, most existing debris flow forecasting models are built based on statistical data, debris flows are mostly sent to remote mountainous areas with insufficient monitoring data, universality of many existing models cannot meet requirements of disaster prevention and reduction, debris flow starting in-situ tests or model tests are carried out according to underlying surface conditions, rainfall thresholds of debris flow starting in various areas are determined according to underlying surface conditions, characteristics of debris flow starting, debris flow scale and stacking characteristics can be analyzed by combining test phenomena, debris flow disaster forming capacity is analyzed, potential influence ranges are evaluated, debris flow starting models are built, and basis is provided for future debris flow forecasting. The existing artificial rainfall device for debris flow starting is single in structural setting, the influence of regional point rainstorm on debris flow starting cannot be simulated, rainfall conditions cannot be regulated, the difference between simulated rainfall and actual rainfall conditions is obvious, the acquired data is distorted, and the precision of an established model cannot meet the requirements of disaster prevention and reduction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial rainfall simulation method for a debris flow starting test, which can simulate different rainfall types, establish debris flow starting models under different rainfall types and provide a basis for debris flow prediction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a debris flow start test artificial rainfall simulation system comprises an artificial rainfall device, a rainfall monitoring device and a control device, wherein the artificial rainfall device comprises a water tank, a water pump, a rainfall bracket and a rainfall sprayer; the rainfall monitoring device adopts a rain gauge, the rain gauge is arranged below the rainfall sprayer, and the rain gauge is connected with the control device.
Preferably, the rainfall monitoring device further comprises a fixed rod, a measuring rod, a water content sensor and a displacement sensor, wherein the fixed rod is inserted into a soil layer outside the rainfall region, a tensile sensor is arranged on the upper portion of the fixed rod, the measuring rod is inserted into the soil layer inside the rainfall region, the top of the measuring rod is connected with the tensile sensor through a steel wire, the water content sensor and the displacement sensor are buried in the soil layer inside the rainfall region, and the output ends of the tensile sensor, the water content sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with the control device.
Preferably, the rainfall monitoring device further comprises a camera, the camera is arranged outside a rainfall range through a rainfall support, and the camera is connected with the control device.
Preferably, the rainfall support comprises a base, a lifting oil cylinder, a support plate, a first adjusting oil cylinder and a second adjusting oil cylinder, the support plate is connected with the base through the lifting oil cylinder, the support plate is driven to lift by the stretching of the lifting oil cylinder, the lower end of the first adjusting oil cylinder is hinged to the support plate, the other end of the first adjusting oil cylinder is connected with a rainfall sprayer, the middle of the first adjusting oil cylinder is hinged to one end of the second adjusting oil cylinder, the other end of the second adjusting oil cylinder is hinged to the support plate, the height of the rainfall sprayer can be changed through the stretching of the first adjusting oil cylinder and the lifting oil cylinder, and the inclination angle between the rainfall sprayer and the horizontal plane can be changed through.
Preferably, the water tank comprises a main water tank and a plurality of water distribution tanks, the main water tank is respectively connected with each water distribution tank through a water conveying pipeline, the rainfall support and the rainfall spray heads are also provided in plurality, each rainfall spray head is respectively arranged on the rainfall support, and each water distribution tank is respectively connected with the rainfall spray head through a water conveying pipeline.
Preferably, the water outlets of the main water tank and each of the water distribution tanks are provided with pressure regulating valves, and the main water tank and the water distribution tanks are provided with pressure gauges and exhaust valves.
Preferably, the control device comprises a signal processing unit and a single chip microcomputer, wherein the input end of the signal processing unit is respectively connected with the output ends of the rain gauge, the camera, the stretching sensor, the water content sensor, the displacement sensor and the pressure gauge, the output end of the signal processing unit is connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the output end of the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the pressure regulating valve, the exhaust valve, the lifting oil cylinder, the first regulating oil cylinder and the second regulating oil cylinder.
Preferably, the system also comprises a remote server, and the remote server is in wireless communication with the single chip microcomputer.
The method for simulating artificial rainfall by using the artificial rainfall simulation system for the debris flow start test sequentially comprises the following steps of:
(1) selecting a proper slope surface as a test site in the field, measuring the slope of the slope surface by using a compass, and measuring the density, the early-stage water content and the particle composition characteristics of the soil body of the slope surface;
(2) a test area is defined, a rainfall support is arranged, and the direction of a rainfall spray head is adjusted to ensure uniform rainfall;
(3) arranging a rain gauge, a measuring rod, a moisture content sensor and a displacement sensor in a rainfall area, and arranging a fixed rod, a stretching sensor and a camera outside the rainfall area;
(4) opening an artificial rainfall device, a rainfall monitoring device and a control device, and starting a test;
(5) respectively recording the actual rainfall, the soil moisture content, the soil displacement and the stretching amount of a stretching sensor, sending detected data to a control device, judging whether debris flow occurs or not by the control device according to the collected data and combining pictures shot by a camera 14, and recording the slope runoff, the slope internal runoff and the soil body creep deformation condition in the debris flow generation process and the time for forming the debris flow by a single chip microcomputer;
(6) the opening of the pressure regulating valve is regulated, so that the rain spraying amount of the rainfall spray head is regulated, and different rainfall conditions are simulated;
(7) and (5) repeating the step (5) and the step (6), recording the occurrence process of the debris flow under different rainfall conditions, and establishing slope runoff, runoff inside the slope, soil body creep deformation conditions and the time for forming the debris flow in the debris flow occurrence process under different rainfall conditions.
The rainfall simulation device is used for simulating rainfall conditions, the rainfall monitoring device is used for monitoring soil layer change conditions under different rainfall amounts, the control device is used for recording slope runoff, runoff inside a slope body, soil body creep deformation conditions and the time for forming the debris flow in the debris flow generation process, and debris flow starting models under different rainfall types can be established; the rainfall concentration phenomenon of a region can be simulated by adjusting the internal pressure value of the water distribution box, the rainfall process in strong weather can be simulated by closing one or more water distribution boxes, the storm type can also be simulated by overlapping a rainfall region, and the simulation result is quick and accurate; the rainfall monitoring device can collect the change condition of soil in real time, so that the starting time and the forming process of the debris flow are accurately detected, and a basis is provided for debris flow prediction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a raining support according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the pressure regulating valve of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the artificial rainfall simulation system for the debris flow start test comprises an artificial rainfall device, a rainfall monitoring device, a control device and a remote server, wherein the artificial rainfall device is used for realizing artificial rainfall, the rainfall monitoring device is used for monitoring rainfall and soil layer changes, the control device is used for controlling the artificial rainfall device and the rainfall monitoring device to work, and the control device is in communication with the remote server through wireless.
The artificial rainfall device comprises a motor 1, water tanks, water pumps 2, a rainfall support 11 and rainfall sprayers 12, wherein the water tanks comprise a main water tank 4 and a plurality of water distribution tanks 8, in the embodiment, the number of the water distribution tanks 8 is four, the main water tank 4 is connected with the motor through the water pumps 2, the main water tank 4 is also respectively connected with each water distribution tank 8 through a water conveying pipeline 3, the number of the rainfall supports 11 and the number of the rainfall sprayers 12 are also four, each rainfall sprayer 12 is respectively arranged on the rainfall support 11, each water distribution tank 8 is respectively connected with the rainfall sprayer 12 through the water conveying pipeline 3, the water conveying pipelines 3 at the water outlets of the main water tank 4 and each water distribution tank 8 are respectively provided with a pressure regulating valve 7, the main water tank 4 and the water distribution tanks 8 are respectively provided with a pressure gauge 5 and an exhaust valve 6, the water pressure of the main water tank 4 and each water distribution tank 8 can be regulated by regulating the opening degree of the pressure regulating valves 7, so as, the exhaust valve 6 is used for adjusting the pressure in the main water tank 4 and the water distribution tank 8, the influence on the test caused by overlarge pressure fluctuation in the water tank is avoided, the pressure gauge is connected with the input end of the control device, and the output end of the control device is respectively connected with the pressure adjusting valve 7 and the exhaust valve 6.
The pressure regulating valve 7 comprises a valve body 701, a cavity 712 is arranged in the valve body 701, a mounting ring 702 is arranged in the liquid outlet end of the valve body 701, a regulating bin 703 is arranged on the side wall of the liquid inlet end of the valve body 701, a stud 704 is in threaded connection with the other side wall of the liquid inlet end of the valve body corresponding to the regulating bin 703, one end of the stud 704 is connected with a regulating column 706, the other end of the stud 704 is connected with a handle 705, the outer diameter of the regulating column 706 is equal to the inner diameter of the regulating bin 703, and the regulating column 706 is; the mounting ring 702 is provided with a spring 707, the other end of the spring 707 is connected with a conical baffle 709, the bottom of the conical baffle 709 is fixed with three support rods 708, and the bottom of the support rods 708 is slidably connected with the side wall of the cavity 712. A pressure sensor 710 is arranged at the liquid inlet end of the valve body 701, and the pressure sensor 710 is electrically connected with a display screen 711. The screwing-in and screwing-out distance of the adjusting column 706 in the adjusting bin 703 can be adjusted through the reading of the pressure sensor 710 displayed on the display screen and the handle, so that the pressure is adjusted; when the pressure control valve 7 is closed, under the action of the elastic force of the spring 707, the conical baffle 709 can block the water inlet end of the cavity 712 to prevent the liquid from flowing back, and the liquid flowing back from the water inlet end of the pressure regulating valve 7 can flush the pressure regulating valve 7.
The rainfall support comprises a base 11-1, a lifting oil cylinder 11-2, a support plate 11-3, a first adjusting oil cylinder 11-5 and a second adjusting oil cylinder 11-4, wherein the support plate 11-3 is connected with the base 11-1 through the lifting oil cylinder 11-2, the support plate 11-3 is driven to lift by the extension and contraction of the lifting oil cylinder 11-2, the lower end of the first adjusting oil cylinder 11-5 is hinged with the support plate 11-3, the other end of the first adjusting oil cylinder is connected with a rainfall spray head 12, the middle part of the first adjusting oil cylinder 11-5 is hinged with one end of the second adjusting oil cylinder 11-4, the other end of the second adjusting oil cylinder 11-4 is hinged with the support plate 11-3, the height of the rainfall spray head 12 can be changed through the extension and contraction of the first adjusting oil cylinder 11-5 and the lifting oil cylinder 11-2, the inclination angle between the rainfall spray head 12 and the horizontal plane can be changed through the extension and contraction of the second adjusting oil cylinder 11-4. The lifting oil cylinder 11-2, the first adjusting oil cylinder 11-5 and the second adjusting oil cylinder 11-4 are respectively connected with a control device, the lifting oil cylinder 11-2, the first adjusting oil cylinder 11-5 and the second adjusting oil cylinder 11-4 are all existing oil cylinders, and the structure and the working principle are not repeated. In addition, the rainfall spray head 12 is detachably connected with the first adjusting oil cylinder 11-5, and the rainfall spray head 12 with different specifications can be replaced when the rainfall spray head is used, so that different types of rains from light rain to heavy rain can be simulated.
Rainfall monitoring devices includes rain gauge 10, decide the pole, the measuring stick, moisture content sensor, displacement sensor and camera 14, decide the pole and insert in the soil layer outside the rainfall area, decide pole upper portion and be provided with tensile sensor, the measuring stick inserts in the soil layer in the rainfall area, tensile sensor is connected through the steel wire at the top of measuring stick, moisture content sensor and displacement sensor all bury underground in the soil layer in the rainfall area, camera 14 sets up outside the rainfall area through camera mount 13, rain gauge 10 sets up in the below of rainfall shower nozzle 12, rain gauge 10, tensile sensor, moisture content sensor, displacement sensor and camera 14's output all links to each other with controlling means.
The control device comprises a signal processing unit and a single chip microcomputer, wherein the input end of the signal processing unit is respectively connected with the output ends of the rain gauge 10, the camera 14, the stretching sensor, the water content sensor, the displacement sensor and the pressure gauge 5, the output end of the signal processing unit is connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the output end of the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the pressure regulating valve 7 and the exhaust valve 6.
In this embodiment, the motor 1 adopts a 3kw gasoline engine generator, the water pump 2 adopts a 70 m-lift variable-frequency constant-pressure water pump, the total height of the rainfall support 11 is 3.5 m, the water pipe 3 adopts a high-pressure rubber water pipe, the pressure regulating valve 7 adopts an electromagnetic valve, the joint of the pressure regulating valve 7 and the water pipe 3 is treated by a sealing adhesive tape, and water leakage is prevented
A method for simulating artificial rainfall by using a debris flow start test artificial rainfall simulation system sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a proper slope surface as a test site in the field, measuring the slope of the slope surface by using a compass, and measuring the density, the early-stage water content and the particle composition characteristics of the soil body of the slope surface;
the density, the early-stage water content and the particle composition characteristics of the soil body of the slope soil body are measured, the rainfall can be selected according to the characteristics of the slope soil body, and meanwhile, the debris flow occurrence conditions under different soil qualities can be conveniently analyzed.
(2) A test area is defined, a rainfall support 11 is arranged, and the direction of a rainfall spray head 12 is adjusted to ensure uniform rainfall;
(3) arranging a rain gauge 10, a measuring rod, a moisture content sensor and a displacement sensor in a rainfall area, and arranging a fixed rod, a stretching sensor and a camera 14 outside the rainfall area;
(4) opening an artificial rainfall device, a rainfall monitoring device and a control device, and starting a test;
(5) respectively recording the actual rainfall, the soil moisture content, the soil displacement and the stretching amount of a stretching sensor, sending detected data to a control device, judging whether debris flow occurs or not by the control device according to the collected data and combining pictures shot by a camera 14, and recording the slope runoff, the slope internal runoff and the soil body creep deformation condition in the debris flow generation process and the time for forming the debris flow by a single chip microcomputer;
(6) the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve 7 is regulated, so that the rain spraying amount of the rainfall spray head 12 is regulated, and different rainfall conditions are simulated;
if the area has rainstorm concentrated or long-time heavy-wind rainfall weather, the control can be carried out by adjusting the pressure in the water distribution box 8, and the rainfall areas of the rainfall sprayers 12 can be overlapped to simulate the rainfall process in the rainstorm mode.
(7) And (5) repeating the step (5) and the step (6), recording the occurrence process of the debris flow under different rainfall conditions, and establishing slope runoff, runoff inside the slope, soil body creep deformation conditions and the time for forming the debris flow in the debris flow occurrence process under different rainfall conditions.
The invention has simple structure and convenient operation, can simulate different rainfall types, can detect the conditions of slope runoff, runoff inside a slope body and soil body creep deformation in the debris flow generation process and the time for forming the debris flow under different rainfall types, has quick and accurate detection result and provides a basis for debris flow prediction.

Claims (3)

1. A debris flow start test artificial rainfall simulation method is characterized in that a debris flow start test artificial rainfall simulation system is adopted for simulation, the debris flow start test artificial rainfall simulation system comprises an artificial rainfall device, a rainfall monitoring device and a control device, the artificial rainfall device comprises a water pump, a rainfall support, a rainfall spray head, a main water tank and a plurality of water distribution boxes, the water pump is connected with the main water tank through a water delivery pipe, the main water tank is connected with the water distribution boxes through water inlet pipes of the water distribution boxes, and the rainfall spray head is connected with the water distribution boxes through water outlet pipes of the water distribution boxes; the rainfall sprayer is arranged on the rainfall support, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the water distribution box are respectively provided with a pressure control valve, and the total water tank and the water distribution box are respectively provided with a pressure gauge and an exhaust valve; the rainfall monitoring device adopts a rain gauge, the rain gauge is arranged below the rainfall spray head, and the rain gauge is connected with the control device; the rainfall monitoring device further comprises a fixed rod, a measuring rod, a water content sensor and a displacement sensor, wherein the fixed rod is inserted into a soil layer outside a rainfall area, a stretching sensor is arranged at the upper part of the fixed rod, the measuring rod is inserted into the soil layer inside the rainfall area, the top of the measuring rod is connected with the stretching sensor through a steel wire, the water content sensor and the displacement sensor are both embedded into the soil layer inside the rainfall area, and the output ends of the stretching sensor, the water content sensor and the displacement sensor are all connected with a control device; the rainfall monitoring device also comprises a camera, the camera is arranged outside the rainfall area through a rainfall support, and the camera is connected with the control device; the rainfall support comprises a base, a lifting oil cylinder, a support plate, a first adjusting oil cylinder and a second adjusting oil cylinder, wherein the support plate is connected with the base through the lifting oil cylinder, the support plate is driven to lift by the stretching of the lifting oil cylinder, the lower end of the first adjusting oil cylinder is hinged with the support plate, the other end of the first adjusting oil cylinder is connected with a rainfall spray head, the middle part of the first adjusting oil cylinder is hinged with one end of the second adjusting oil cylinder, the other end of the second adjusting oil cylinder is hinged with the support plate, the height of the rainfall spray head can be changed through the stretching of the first adjusting oil cylinder and the lifting oil cylinder, and the inclination angle between the rainfall spray head and the; the control device comprises a signal processing unit and a single chip microcomputer, wherein the input end of the signal processing unit is respectively connected with the output ends of the rain gauge, the camera, the stretching sensor, the water content sensor, the displacement sensor and the pressure gauge, the output end of the signal processing unit is connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the output end of the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the pressure regulating valve, the exhaust valve, the lifting oil cylinder, the first regulating oil cylinder and the second regulating oil cylinder;
the simulation method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a proper slope surface as a test site in the field, measuring the slope gradient of the slope surface by using a compass, and measuring the density, the early-stage water content and the particle composition characteristics of the slope soil body;
(2) a test area is defined, a rainfall support is arranged, and the direction of a rainfall spray head is adjusted to ensure uniform rainfall;
(3) arranging a rain gauge, a measuring rod, a moisture content sensor and a displacement sensor in a rainfall area, and arranging a fixed rod, a stretching sensor and a camera outside the rainfall area;
(4) opening an artificial rainfall device, a rainfall monitoring device and a control device, and starting a test;
(5) recording actual rainfall, soil moisture content, soil displacement and stretching amount of a stretching sensor respectively, sending detected data to a control device, judging whether debris flow occurs or not by the control device according to the collected data and combining pictures shot by a camera, and recording slope runoff, slope internal runoff and soil body creep deformation in the debris flow generation process by a single chip microcomputer
The conditions and the time of formation of the debris flow;
(6) the opening of the pressure regulating valve is regulated, so that the rain spraying amount of the rainfall spray head is regulated, and different rainfall conditions are simulated;
(7) repeating the step (5) and the step (6), recording the occurrence process of the debris flow under different rainfall conditions, establishing slope runoff, slope internal runoff and soil body creep deformation conditions in the debris flow occurrence process under different rainfall conditions, and forming the debris flow
Time of (d).
2. The artificial rainfall simulation method for the debris flow start test according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure regulating valve comprises a valve body, a cavity is arranged in the valve body, a mounting ring is arranged in the liquid outlet end of the valve body, a regulating bin is arranged on the side wall of the liquid inlet end of the valve body, a stud is connected to the other side wall of the liquid inlet end of the valve body in a threaded manner, one end of the stud is connected with a regulating column, the other end of the stud is connected with a handle, and the outer diameter of the regulating column is not larger than the inner diameter; the spring is installed on the mounting ring, the other end of the spring is connected with a conical baffle, three supporting rods are fixed at the bottom of the conical baffle, and the bottom of each supporting rod is connected with the side wall of the cavity in a sliding mode.
3. The artificial rainfall simulation method for the debris flow start test according to claim 1, wherein: the remote server is in wireless communication with the single chip microcomputer.
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