CN107796926B - Large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test device and method under landslide effect - Google Patents
Large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test device and method under landslide effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test device under the action of landslide, which is used for simulating the stress, displacement and deformation conditions of a buried gas pipeline under the action of landslide disasters, and simultaneously provides a large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test method. The invention can be used for simulating pipeline landslide tests under different pipeline internal pressure/landslide soil properties/pipeline burial depth/environment rainfall conditions, and the test device can monitor parameters including pipeline internal pressure, pipeline strain, landslide soil thrust, landslide body deep displacement, rainfall magnitude, underground landslide soil pore water pressure and underground landslide soil water content. The invention completes a set of underground gas pipeline landslide hazard simulation test device, an automatic rainfall device and a landslide underground soil monitoring device, grasps the development condition of a landslide body and the stress characteristics of a pipeline through monitoring related data, analyzes the influence rule of the landslide on the pipeline, and provides basis for the selection of monitoring parameters of the pipeline landslide, equipment selection and the layout of monitoring points in the future.
Description
Technical Field
The invention designs a large-scale damage simulation test device for buried gas pipelines under landslide action, which is used for simulating stress and deformation conditions of the buried gas pipelines under landslide disaster action under different working conditions, and belongs to the field of landslide disaster prevention of the gas pipelines.
Background
Landslide refers to the whole downward sliding damage generated by shearing a part of rock and soil bodies forming the slope along a certain weak surface inside the slope under the action of factors such as gravity and the like under certain natural conditions and geological conditions. Landslide is a nonlinear system, a complex of complex factors that interact, and the evolution is periodic, usually a progressive deformation destructive process. As a common geological disaster in mountain areas in China, the novel ecological disaster prevention agent has the characteristics of strong destructiveness, wide influence range, difficulty in prevention and the like. Natural gas pipelines laid in mountainous areas may be subject to deformation of the landslide body to bend or even break, with serious consequences. At present, independent researches on pipelines and landslide disasters are comprehensive, the two are combined for less researches, and the development condition of landslide bodies and the stress characteristics of the pipelines and the influence rule of landslide on the pipelines cannot be deeply known.
The scholars at home and abroad study the geological disaster risk of the pipeline, and a numerical simulation method is mostly used, and the stress and deformation conditions of the pipeline under the extrusion actions of internal air pressure and external landslide soil are calculated by means of related software and an empirical formula. The buried pipeline has complex conditions when suffering landslide disasters, and is difficult to obtain reliable conclusion by simply relying on numerical simulation, and the obtained calculation result cannot be directly applied to actual construction.
The landslide disaster simulation test device in China is slow in development, the traditional pipeline landslide test device can only be used for exploring the strain influence of landslide pressure or landslide vibration on a pipeline by designing a simple test device, monitoring parameters are few, simulation test requirements under various different working conditions cannot be met, and the influence of displacement rate, displacement variation and rainfall on landslide displacement at each development stage of a landslide cannot be mastered. The existing test monitoring device is easy to be damaged by electromagnetic interference and strain, and the reliability and stability are required to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test device and method under the action of landslide, which are used for simulating the stress, displacement and deformation conditions of the buried gas pipeline under the action of landslide disasters.
The invention mainly solves the following problems: 1. a set of automatic rainfall device is designed, the size of rainfall can be monitored by utilizing a main pipe and a branch pipe flowmeter, and the quantity of the rainfall is automatically transmitted by a pressure control test system for changing the quantity of the branch pipes of a water source and the pressurization of the water source. 2. The test system is designed to comprise 5 subareas of a landslide area, a pipeline area, an automatic rainfall area, a device monitoring area and a landslide soil collecting area, the whole process of the landslide disaster on the gas pipeline is comprehensively simulated, and relevant parameters are monitored. 3. The device can simulate pipeline landslide tests under different pipeline internal pressures, landslide soil properties, pipeline burial depths and environmental rainfall conditions, so that the test device meets the requirements of pipeline landslide simulation tests. 4. The monitoring area of the device test system is designed, and the monitorable data comprise parameters of pipeline internal pressure, pipeline strain, landslide soil pressure, landslide body deep displacement, rainfall, pore water pressure of underground landslide soil and water content of underground landslide soil. 5. The monitoring equipment such as pipeline strain, landslide and pipeline thrust, landslide deep displacement and the like in the monitoring area all use fiber grating sensing technology, and the sensing technology is reliable in operation and corrosion-resistant, and can meet the requirement of automatic monitoring. 6. The device processes the monitoring data of the monitoring area, can analyze the influence of the displacement rate, the displacement variation and the rainfall of each development stage of the landslide on the landslide displacement, and the stress, the strain and the displacement condition of the gas pipeline under the action of the landslide, and provides corresponding reference for the calculation result of numerical simulation.
In order to carry out the test, the invention adopts the following large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test device under the action of landslide, which mainly comprises the following steps:
the system comprises an air storage system (A), an air pressurizing system (B), a water source distribution system (C), a water source pressurizing system (D), a water source storage system (E), a test system (F) and a residual water source collecting system (G) which are sequentially connected; the method is characterized in that: the air source is provided by an air storage system (A), compressed air is pressurized to a pressure value set by a test through an air pressurizing system (B), compressed air is subjected to a large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test under the landslide effect through a test system (F), and the residual air is returned to the air storage system (A); the water source is provided by a water source storage system (E), is pressurized by a water source pressurizing system (D) to reach the water pressure value required by the test, passes through a water source distribution system (C), flows through each water source branch pipe 33 which is connected in parallel by a water source main pipe 34, performs rainfall operation through each branch pipe rainfall hole 18, is monitored by the water source main pipe 34, a pressure meter 7 and a flowmeter 6, is collected by a residual water source collecting system (G), and returns to the water source storage system (E).
As a preferable mode of the invention, the air storage system (A) mainly comprises a vertical air storage tank 1, a flowmeter 6, a pressure gauge 7 and a valve, wherein an air pump is arranged in the vertical air storage tank 1, and can pump air in the outside, so that the pressure of the air storage bottle reaches a certain range and is ready for use.
As a preferred mode of the invention, the air pressurizing system (B) consists of two reciprocating compressors 31, a pressure gauge 7 and an emptying system 30, wherein the compressors are provided with a control system, can perform pressurizing operation on air according to test requirements, and timely transmit air pressure and air flow conditions to the device monitoring station 19, and the device monitoring station 19 adjusts the air pressurizing system (B) in real time according to the monitored air pressure and flow conditions.
As a preferred mode of the invention, the pipeline water source distribution system (C) consists of a check valve 4, a pressure gauge 7, a flowmeter 6, 9 groups of water source branch pipes 33 and branch pipe rainfall holes 18, the 9 water source branch pipes 33 are connected with a water source main pipe 34, the water source main pipe 34 and the water source branch pipes 33 are provided with the flowmeter 6 and the pressure gauge 7, a device monitoring station 19 can monitor the water delivery condition of the main pipe and the branch pipes at any time, the check valve 4 is arranged to prevent the water source from flowing back to cause loss, and the automatic rainfall magnitude of the pressure control test system (F) can control the quantity of the water source branch pipes 33 and the water source pressurization.
As a preferred mode of the invention, the water source pressurizing system (D) consists of a valve, a flowmeter 6, a pressure gauge 7 and 2 horizontal centrifugal pumps 5, the two horizontal centrifugal pumps 5 are connected in series to pressurize the water source from the water source storage system (E) so that the water source can reach the requirement of being delivered to the next stage, and the horizontal centrifugal pump 5 control system is directly connected with the device monitoring station 19 and can change the rainfall of the automatic rainfall area (c) by controlling the power of the centrifugal pumps.
As a preferred mode of the invention, the water source storage system (E) consists of two vertical stainless steel water towers 8, a valve, a flowmeter 6 and a pressure gauge 7, wherein the water tower is a stainless steel water tower with the volume of 8 tons, and a vault structure is adopted, and the water source mainly comes from a nearby built concrete reservoir 9.
As a preferred mode of the invention, the test system (F) mainly comprises a landslide test base 10, a water pipe 11, a test air pipe 12, a landslide belt 13, a device monitoring area (d), a landslide deep position monitoring area 15, a landslide main slide wire 16, a landslide body 17, a rainfall hole 18, a device monitoring station 19, a landslide base rock face 20, a box movable base 21, a landslide soil collecting box 22, a removable retaining wall 23, a landslide soil pore water pressure monitoring sensor 24, a fiber grating inclinometer sensor 25, a pipe fiber grating strain sensor system 26, a soil pressure box fiber grating sensor system 27, a landslide soil moisture monitoring sensor 28 and a PVC inclinometer 29.
The principle of the pipeline landslide monitoring system of the test system (F) is divided into 4 parts, and the underground landslide soil monitoring system consists of an underground landslide soil moisture monitoring sensor 28 and an underground landslide soil pore water pressure monitoring sensor 24, so that the condition of underground landslide soil can be comprehensively monitored. The monitoring data are transmitted to the underground landslide soil monitoring data transfer station 35, then transmitted to the device monitoring station 19 through optical fibers, and are displayed on an upper computer display of the monitoring station through data processing. The pipeline and landslide monitoring system consists of a pipeline fiber grating strain sensor system 26, a soil pressure box fiber grating sensor system 27 and a fiber grating inclinometer sensor 25, wherein the stress, the strain and the landslide deep position of the pipeline and the landslide are monitored in real time, data are transmitted to a fiber grating demodulator of the device monitoring station 19, and are displayed on an upper computer display of the device monitoring station 19 after data processing and analysis. The automatic rainfall monitoring system mainly comprises a water source pressure control system, an automatic rainfall flowmeter 6 and an automatic rainfall pressure meter 7, wherein data are transmitted to a device monitoring station 19 through a data line and displayed by an upper computer display.
The monitoring station of the device consists of an optical fiber junction box, a connecting optical cable, an optical transfer switch, an optical fiber grating demodulator and an upper computer. The fiber optic junction box and fiber optic cable connect the fibers from the earth pressure box fiber bragg grating sensor system 27, the pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensor system 26 and the landslide depth fiber bragg grating inclinometer tube sensor 25. The optical fiber connected to the junction box is connected to the optical transfer switch, the optical transfer switch converts the channel signals to the fiber grating demodulator, the fiber grating demodulator demodulates the central wavelength displacement of the fiber grating sensors and transmits the central wavelength displacement to the upper computer, and the upper computer calculates the monitoring amount automatically and displays the monitoring amount.
The invention provides a large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test device under the action of landslide, which is used for simulating the stress, displacement and deformation conditions of the buried gas pipeline under the action of landslide disasters.
The invention mainly solves the following problems: 1. a set of automatic rainfall device is designed, the size of rainfall can be monitored by utilizing a main pipe and a branch pipe flowmeter, and the quantity of the water source branch pipes and the quantity of the automatic rainfall of a pressure control test system for water source pressurization are changed. 2. The test system is designed to comprise 5 subareas of a landslide area, a pipeline area, an automatic rainfall area, a device monitoring area and a landslide soil collecting area, the whole process of the landslide disaster on the gas pipeline is comprehensively simulated, and relevant parameters are monitored. 3. The device can simulate pipeline landslide tests under different pipeline internal pressures, landslide soil properties, pipeline burial depths and environmental rainfall conditions, so that the test device meets the requirements of pipeline landslide simulation tests. 4. The monitoring area of the device test system is designed, and the monitorable data comprise parameters of pipeline internal pressure, pipeline strain, landslide soil pressure, landslide body deep displacement, rainfall, pore water pressure of underground landslide soil and water content of underground landslide soil. 5. The monitoring equipment such as pipeline strain, landslide and pipeline thrust, landslide deep displacement and the like in the monitoring area all use fiber grating sensing technology, and the sensing technology is reliable in operation and corrosion-resistant, and can meet the requirement of automatic monitoring. 6. The device processes the monitoring data of the monitoring area, can analyze the influence of the displacement rate, the displacement variation and the rainfall of each development stage of the landslide on the landslide displacement, and the stress, the strain and the displacement condition of the gas pipeline under the action of the landslide, and provides corresponding reference for the calculation result of numerical simulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of a simulation test device for damage of a buried gas pipeline
FIG. 2 landslide test area monitoring graph (opposite to pipeline direction)
FIG. 3 landslide test area monitoring graph (along the direction of the pipeline)
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an air boosting system
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a water source distribution system
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an underground landslide soil monitoring system
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a landslide soil pore water pressure monitoring sensor
FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a pipeline landslide monitoring system
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the structure of the fiber grating sensor of the soil pressure box
FIG. 10A is a diagram (cross-sectional view) of a fiber grating sensor for pipeline
FIG. 11 is a diagram of installing a fiber grating sensor in a pipeline
FIG. 12 landslide soil fiber grating inclinometer pipe sensor installation diagram
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a fiber grating soil pressure cell
Wherein: A. an air storage system; B. an air pressurization system; C. a water source distribution system; D. a water source pressurization system; E. a water source storage system; F. a test system; G. a surplus water source collection system; 1. a vertical air storage tank; 2. a test loop; 3. a throttle valve; 4. a check valve; 5. a centrifugal pump; 6. a flow meter; 7. a pressure gauge; 8. stainless steel water tower; 9. a reservoir; 10. landslide test base; 11. a water pipe; 12. a test air duct; 13. a landslide belt; 14. a pipe monitoring area; 15. a landslide deep position displacement monitoring area; 16. a landslide main slide wire; 17. a landslide body; 18. a rainfall hole; 19. a device monitoring station; 20. landslide bedrock surface; 21. the box body can move the base; 22. a landslide soil collecting box body; 23. a removable retaining wall; 24. landslide soil pore water pressure monitoring sensor; 25. fiber bragg grating inclinometer sensor; 26. a pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensor system; 27. a fiber bragg grating sensor system of the soil pressure box; 28. a landslide soil moisture monitoring sensor; 29. PVC inclinometer; 30. an emptying system; 31. a first stage compressor; 32. a secondary compressor; 33. a water source branch pipe; 34. a water source main pipe; 35. monitoring a data transfer station: 36. a seal ring; 37. a retainer ring; 38. a hollow tube; 39. an optical fiber; 40. a mounting ear; 41. a measurement probe; 42. a rectangular pyramid probe; 43. an earth pressure box fiber bragg grating sensor; 44. a soil pressure box bracket; 45. a steel plate clamp; 46. arc-shaped steel plates; 47. quick-drying glue for pipelines; 48. a pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensor; 49. an anticorrosive coating scraped off by the pipeline; 50. a steel sleeve; 51. a concrete pier; 52. deep displacing the optical fiber; 53. a fiber grating strain gauge; 54. pipeline waterproof quick-drying adhesive; 55. an optical fiber trench; 56. fine sand; 57. a bedrock surface; 58. fine slurry; 59. a rubber film; 60. an elastic pressure box; 61. compressing the gasket; 62. a compression nut; 63. sealing the air; 64. an air valve; 65. the soil pressure box is a steel box.
Detailed Description
The following description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings to provide a better understanding of the invention.
Examples
The technical scheme of the test device mainly comprises an air storage system (A), an air pressurizing system (B), a water source distribution system (C), a water source pressurizing system (D), a water source storage system (E), a test system (F) and a residual water source collecting system (G) which are connected in sequence. The method is characterized in that: the air source is provided by the air storage system (A), the air is compressed and pressurized to the air pressure value set by the test by the air pressurizing system (B), the compressed air is subjected to a large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test under the landslide effect by the test system (F), and the residual air is returned to the air storage system (A). The water source is provided by a water source storage system (E), is pressurized by a water source pressurizing system (D) to reach the water pressure value required by the test, passes through a water source distribution system (C), flows through each water source branch pipe 33 which is connected in parallel by a water source main pipe 34, performs rainfall operation through each branch pipe rainfall hole 18, is monitored by the water source main pipe 34, a pressure meter 7 and a flowmeter 6, is collected by a residual water source collecting system (G), and returns to the water source storage system (E). After the rainfall reaches a certain value, landslide occurs, the pipeline is correspondingly deformed, the device monitoring station 19 performs data collection, the current situation of the pipeline and the landslide is observed, and the next working condition test can be performed after the data are arranged.
The air storage system (A) mainly comprises a vertical air storage tank 1, a flowmeter 6, a pressure gauge 7 and related valves. The air pump is arranged in the vertical air storage tank 1, so that the air in the outside can be pumped, the pressure of the air storage bottle reaches a certain range, and the air storage tank can be used at any time.
As shown in fig. 4, the air pressurizing system (B) is composed of two reciprocating compressors 31, a pressure gauge 7, and a blow-down system 30. The compressor is provided with a control system, can carry out supercharging operation on air according to test requirements, and timely transmits air pressure and air flow conditions to the device monitoring station 19, and the device monitoring station 19 carries out real-time adjustment on the power of the compressor according to the monitored air pressure and air flow conditions. For example, after the air is pressurized by one stage of the reciprocating compressor 31, the air reaches the pressure value required by the test, and can be directly led to the next area through the branch pipeline, so that the test time and the test cost are saved.
As shown in fig. 5, the pipe water source distribution system is composed of a check valve 4, a pressure gauge 7, flow meters 6, 9 sets of water source branch pipes 33 and water source branch pipe rainfall holes 18. The 9 water source branch pipes 33 are connected with the water source main pipe 34, the water delivery main pipe and branch pipes are provided with the flowmeter 6 and the pressure gauge 7, the device monitoring station 19 can monitor the water delivery condition of the main pipe and the branch pipes at any time, the check valve 4 is arranged to prevent the water source from flowing back to cause loss, and the rainfall amount of automatic rainfall can be controlled by the pressure control test device for controlling the quantity of the water source branch pipes 33 and the water source pressurization.
The water source pressurizing system (D) consists of a valve, a flowmeter 6, a pressure gauge 7 and 2 horizontal centrifugal pumps 5, wherein the two horizontal centrifugal pumps 5 are connected in series to pressurize a water source from the water source storage system (E) so that the water source can meet the requirement of being delivered to the next stage, the control system of the horizontal centrifugal pump 5 is directly connected with the device monitoring station 19, and the rainfall of the automatic rainfall area (c) can be changed by controlling the power of the centrifugal pump 5.
The water source storage system (E) consists of two vertical stainless steel water towers 8, a valve, a flowmeter 6 and a pressure gauge 7, wherein the water towers are stainless steel water towers with 8 ton volumes, a vault structure is adopted, and the water source mainly comes from a nearby built concrete reservoir 9.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the test system (F) mainly comprises a landslide test base 10, a water pipe 11, an air pipe 12, a landslide belt 13, a pipe monitoring area 14, a landslide deep position monitoring area 15, a landslide main slide wire 16, a landslide body 17, a rainfall hole 18, a device monitoring station 19, a landslide base rock face 20, a box movable base 21, a landslide soil collecting box 22, a removable retaining wall 23, a landslide soil water pressure monitoring sensor 24, a fiber grating inclinometer pipe 25, a pipe fiber grating strain sensor system 26, a soil pressure box fiber grating sensor system 27, a landslide soil moisture monitoring sensor 28 and a PVC inclinometer pipe 29. The device mainly comprises 5 parts of a landslide area (a), a pipeline area (b), an automatic rain drop area (c), a device monitoring area (d) and a landslide soil collecting area (e).
The periphery of the landslide area (a) is a semicircular landslide periphery soil body 10, the compaction and tamping of the landslide soil are completed, and the periphery of the landslide body has no obvious displacement and deformation in the test process. The lower layer of the landslide area is a landslide soil base rock surface 20, the landslide area 13 is paved on the base rock surface by manual or mechanical excavation, the materials are mainly bentonite, talcum powder, fine sand and water mixtures, a plastic film is paved on the upper layer and the lower layer of the landslide area respectively, the thickness of the landslide area is not less than 35cm, fine sand with the thickness of about 20-30cm is paved on the film on the upper part of the landslide area, and the sand layer must be smoothly extended to the periphery of the landslide, so that rainfall operation is facilitated. And excavating a pit slot 15 at the bottom of the inclinometer pipe at a designated position of the landslide area (a), wherein the depth of the pit slot is 1.5m.
The pipeline area comprises a test gas conveying pipeline 12, and a soil pressure box fiber bragg grating sensor system 27 is arranged at the junction of the pipeline and a landslide main sliding line, wherein the soil pressure box is perpendicular to the pipeline pressure direction of landslide soil during installation. The pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensors 48 are installed at equal distances, three are installed on the same pipeline section, and three directions of 3 points, 9 points and 12 points of the pipeline section are installed.
The device monitoring area (d) mainly comprises a device monitoring station 19, wherein the device monitoring station 19 mainly works to monitor the numerical values of each flowmeter 6 and the pressure meter 7 of the test device and the working power of 2 reciprocating compressors 31 in real time, monitor the power condition of 2 horizontal centrifugal pumps 5 and correspondingly adjust according to the water source pressure and flow; and collecting pipeline internal pressure, pipeline strain, landslide soil and pipeline thrust, landslide body deep displacement, rainfall, underground landslide soil pore water pressure and underground landslide soil water content monitoring data in real time, arranging and processing the data, drawing corresponding charts, and displaying the charts on an upper computer display of a device monitoring station.
The landslide soil collecting area (e) is composed of a landslide soil collecting box body 22, a detachable retaining wall 23 and a box body movable base 21, the retaining wall is detached during test, the landslide soil collecting box body is horizontally placed, the retaining wall is covered above the landslide soil collecting box body, after the test is completed, the retaining wall is withdrawn, the landslide soil after the test is completed is collected in the landslide soil collecting box, after the landslide soil is completely collected, drainage operation is performed through a drainage system in the landslide soil collecting box, water is drained, the box body movable base 21 is turned over, and the landslide soil is taken out by an excavator to prepare for the next test.
The monitoring principle of the pipeline landslide test system (F) is shown in fig. 8, and the pipeline landslide test system is divided into 4 areas. The groundwater monitoring system consists of a landslide soil pore water pressure monitoring sensor 24 and a landslide soil moisture monitoring sensor 28, monitors the groundwater condition of the landslide soil in real time, transmits data to a landslide soil groundwater monitoring data transfer station 35, and then transmits the data to a device monitoring station 19 through an optical fiber, and is displayed on an upper computer display through data processing. The pipeline and landslide monitoring system consists of a pipeline fiber grating strain sensor system 26, a soil pressure box fiber grating sensor system 27 and a fiber grating inclinometer sensor 25, wherein the stress strain of the pipeline and the landslide is monitored in real time, transmitted to a fiber grating demodulator of the device monitoring station 19, and finally displayed on an upper computer display of the device monitoring station 19 after data processing and analysis. The automatic rainfall monitoring system mainly comprises a water source pressure control system, an automatic rainfall flowmeter 6 and an automatic rainfall pressure meter 7, wherein data are transmitted to a device monitoring station 19 through a data line and displayed by an upper computer display.
The pore water pressure monitoring sensor 24 is composed of a sealing ring 36, a retainer ring 37, a hollow tube 38, an optical fiber 39, a mounting lug 40, a measuring probe 41 and a rectangular pyramid probe 42 as shown in fig. 7. The inside of the pore water pressure monitoring sensor 24 is hollow, a plurality of groups of measuring probes 41 are arranged in the hollow tube 38, so that the pore water pressure of different depths of landslide subsurface soil can be monitored, the monitored data are transmitted to the monitoring data transfer station 35 through the optical fiber 39, the lower end of the pore water pressure monitoring sensor 24 is provided with a quadrangular pyramid probe 42, the structure is convenient to construct, and the shape of the hollow tube 38 is a regular quadrangular prism. Wherein the side of the hollow tube 38 is provided with a connecting hole which can be connected with the rectangular pyramid probe 42, and the connecting hole can firmly connect the hollow tube 38 and the rectangular pyramid probe 42 together. The upper end of the pore water pressure monitoring sensor 24 is provided with a sealing ring 36 for sealing, so that groundwater is prevented from entering the inside during measurement, and a sealing ring 37 can be fixed and tightly connected with a hollow pipe, and data obtained through monitoring are output through an optical fiber. Wherein the distance between 2 adjacent measuring probes 41 inside the hollow tube 38 of the pore water pressure monitoring sensor 24 is 20cm or more and less than 120cm. The distance between 2 adjacent mounting ears 40 is 40 cm-140 cm. The applicable ambient temperature range of the measurement probe 41 is-20 ℃ to 80 ℃. The hollow tube 38 and the rectangular pyramid probe 41 are connected by welding.
As shown in fig. 9, the soil pressure box fiber grating sensor system 27 is composed of an air pipe 12, a soil pressure box fiber grating sensor 43, a soil pressure box bracket 44, a steel plate clamp 45 and a circular arc-shaped steel plate 46. The soil pressure box fiber grating sensor 43 is fixed on the air pipeline 12 by a soil pressure box bracket 44, wherein one surface of the soil pressure box fiber grating sensor 43 for monitoring the pressure faces the sliding direction of the landslide 17; the soil pressure box bracket 44 is composed of two circular arc-shaped hoops, the circular arc-shaped hoops above are welded with a mounting base, the soil pressure box fiber bragg grating sensor 43 is embedded in the circular arc-shaped hoops, and margin is reserved around the mounting base, wherein the mounting base is connected with the fiber bragg grating sensor through quick-drying glue; the upper and lower clamps of the soil pressure box bracket 44 are connected using left and right clamp connectors and nuts.
The installation structure of the pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensor system 26 is shown in fig. 10 and 11, and consists of an air pipeline 12, a pipeline quick-drying adhesive 47, an optical fiber 39, a pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensor 48 and a pipeline scratch-off anticorrosive coating 49. The fiber bragg grating strain sensors 48 of the pipeline are uniformly distributed on the air conveying pipeline, three fiber bragg grating strain sensors 48 are placed at the section of the selected monitoring point and are arranged in the 3,9,12 o' clock direction on the section of the pipeline, and the size and the position of the maximum strain value of the section can be calculated by the data of the three points of the section. When the pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensor 48 is installed, the pipeline anti-corrosion coating is scraped first, the pipeline anti-corrosion coating is polished to be smooth, and the pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensor 48 is adhered to the polished outer wall of the pipeline by quick-drying adhesive. The optical fiber and the guide fiber of the pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensor are well connected and led to the ground to protect the pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensor.
The installation structure of the pipeline fiber bragg grating inclinometer sensor 25 is shown in fig. 12, and consists of a steel sleeve 50, a concrete pier 51, a deep displacement optical fiber 52, a fiber bragg grating strain sensor 53, a pipeline waterproof quick-drying adhesive 54, an optical fiber trench 55, fine sand 56, a bedrock surface 57, fine mortar 58 and a PVC inclinometer 29. Firstly, drilling holes on the landslide 17 by using a geological drilling process, wherein the drilling holes must pass through the sliding surface and extend to about 1.5m below the bedrock surface 13, the caliber of the drilling holes is 120mm, and the inclination of the drilling holes is smaller than 1 degree. In the drilling process, a full casing wall is required except for the bedrock surface. The outside of the PVC inclinometer 29 is grooved with the width of 2mm, the optical fiber is fixed on the grooved by waterproof glue cloth, the fiber grating strain sensors 25 are placed at intervals of 2m at the grooved position of the outer tube of the PVC inclinometer 29, and the fiber grating strain sensors are stuck by using the waterproof quick-drying glue 54 of the pipeline. And (3) lowering the PVC inclinometer 29, namely, fully lowering the PVC pipe with one surface adhered with the fiber bragg grating strain sensor 25 facing the sliding direction of the landslide, injecting fine mortar into the gap between the bedrock and the PVC inclinometer 29, guiding by using a grouting pipe, starting grouting about 1m away from the hole bottom, backfilling fine sand in the gap between landslide soil and the inclinometer, and compacting. Concrete piers 51 are poured at deep displacement openings, steel sleeves 50 are placed within the piers, PVC inclinometer 29 is wrapped, and the fiber optic cable is connected to the device monitoring station 19.
The device monitoring station consists of an optical fiber junction box, a connecting optical cable, an optical transfer switch, an optical fiber grating demodulator and an upper computer. The optical fiber junction box and the optical fiber cable are connected with optical fibers of the soil pressure box fiber bragg grating sensor system 27, the pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensor system 26 and the landslide deep fiber bragg grating inclinometer pipe sensor 25. The optical fiber connected to the junction box is connected to the optical transfer switch, the optical transfer switch converts the channel signals to the fiber grating demodulator, the fiber grating demodulator demodulates the central wavelength displacement of the fiber grating sensors, and the central wavelength displacement is transmitted to the upper computer, which calculates the monitoring amount automatically and displays the monitoring amount.
Claims (8)
1. A large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test device under landslide action comprises an air storage system (A), an air pressurizing system (B), a water source distribution system (C), a water source pressurizing system (D), a water source storage system (E), a test system (F) and a residual water source collecting system (G) which are connected in sequence; the method is characterized in that: the air source is provided by an air storage system (A), compressed air is pressurized to a pressure value set by a test through an air pressurizing system (B), compressed air is subjected to a large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test under the landslide effect through a test system (F), and the residual air is returned to the air storage system (A); the water source is provided by a water source storage system (E), is pressurized by a water source pressurizing system (D) to reach the water pressure value required by the test, flows through each water source branch pipe (33) connected in parallel by a water source main pipe (34), performs rainfall operation by each branch pipe rainfall hole (18), is monitored by the water source main pipe (34) and a pressure gauge (7) and a flowmeter (6), is collected by a residual water source collecting system (G), and is returned to the water source storage system (E); the test system (F) consists of a landslide test base (10), a water conveying pipeline (11), an air pipeline (12), a landslide belt (13), a pipeline monitoring area (14), a landslide deep position displacement monitoring area (15), a landslide main sliding line (16), a landslide body (17), a device monitoring station (19), a landslide base rock surface (20), a box movable base (21), a landslide soil collecting box body (22), a detachable retaining wall (23), a landslide soil water pressure monitoring sensor (24), a fiber grating inclinometer (25), a pipeline fiber grating strain sensor system (26), a soil pressure box fiber grating sensor system (27), a landslide soil moisture monitoring sensor (28) and a PVC inclinometer (29), and is divided into 5 parts of a landslide area (a), a pipeline area (b), an automatic rainfall area (c), a device monitoring area (d) and a landslide soil collecting area (e); the periphery of the landslide area (a) is a semicircular landslide peripheral soil body, the landslide soil is rolled and tamped, no obvious displacement or deformation exists on the periphery of the landslide area in the test process, the lower layer of the landslide area is a landslide soil base rock surface (20), the landslide area is excavated manually or mechanically, a layer of landslide belt (13) is paved on the base rock surface, materials are mainly mixtures of bentonite, talcum powder, fine sand and water, a layer of plastic film is paved on the upper part and the lower part of the landslide belt respectively, the thickness of the landslide belt is not less than 35cm, the fine sand with the thickness of about 20-30cm is paved on the upper part of the film of the landslide belt, the sand layer must be smoothly extended to the periphery of the landslide, the rainfall operation is facilitated, and a pit groove at the bottom of a slope measuring pipe is excavated at a designated position of the landslide area (a), and the depth of the pit groove is 1.5m; the pipeline area (b) comprises an air pipeline (12), a soil pressure box fiber bragg grating sensor system (27) is arranged at the junction of the air pipeline (12) and a landslide main sliding line, the soil pressure box is perpendicular to the pressure direction of the pipeline by landslide soil during installation, pipeline fiber bragg grating strain sensors (48) are equidistantly arranged, three are arranged on the section of the same air pipeline (12), and three are arranged in the directions of 3 points, 9 points and 12 points of the section of the pipeline; the automatic rain drop zone (c) comprises: the water source main pipe (34), the water source branch pipe (33) and the rainfall holes (18), wherein the rainfall holes (18) are distributed at the bottom of the water source branch pipe (33); the device monitoring area (d) is used for monitoring the pipeline landslide related data; and (e) collecting landslide soil used in the test in the landslide soil collecting area.
2. The simulation test device for damage of a large-scale buried gas pipeline under the action of landslide according to claim 1, wherein the simulation test device comprises the following components: one end of the air storage system (A) is connected with the inlet of the first-stage compressor (31) in the air pressurizing system (B), and the other end of the air storage system (A) is connected with the outlet of the test air pipeline (12) in the test system (F); the air boosting system (B) includes: the device monitoring station (19), the pressure gauge (7), the primary compressor (31), the secondary compressor (32) and the emptying system (30); the air storage system (A), the air pressurizing system (B) and the test system (F) are sequentially connected through the test loop (2).
3. The simulation test device for damage of a large-scale buried gas pipeline under the action of landslide according to claim 1, wherein the simulation test device comprises the following components: the water source storage system (E) comprises two stainless steel water towers (8), one end of the outlet of the stainless steel water towers is connected with a centrifugal pump (5) of the water source pressurizing system (B), and one end of the inlet of the stainless steel water towers is connected with a water source main pipe (34) in the residual water source collecting system (G); the water source pressurizing system (D) comprises two centrifugal pumps (5) which are sequentially connected, and the centrifugal pumps are respectively connected with a water source outlet of the stainless steel water tower (8) and a water conveying pipeline (11) in the water source distributing system (C); the water source distribution system (C) and the residual water source collecting system (G) consist of a check valve (4), a flowmeter (6), a pressure gauge (7), a water source branch pipe (33), a rainfall hole (18) and a water source main pipe (34); the water source storage system (E), the water source pressurizing system (D), the water source distribution system (C) and the residual water source collecting system (G) are sequentially connected through a water conveying pipeline (11).
4. The simulation test device for damage of a large-scale buried gas pipeline under the action of landslide according to claim 1, wherein the simulation test device comprises the following components: the landslide soil collecting area (e) mainly comprises a landslide soil collecting box body (22), a box body movable base (21) and a detachable retaining wall (23); the detachable retaining wall (23) is positioned above the landslide soil collecting box body (22) and abuts against the landslide area (a); the box body movable base (21) is positioned below the landslide soil collecting box body (22); in the experimental process, landslide soil and gravel are collected by a landslide soil collecting box (22), and after the landslide soil and gravel are drained through a box drainage pipeline, a movable base (21) of the box is rotated, and the landslide soil is prepared for the next test.
5. The simulation test device for damage of a large-scale buried gas pipeline under the action of landslide according to claim 1, wherein the simulation test device comprises the following components: the monitoring area (d) consists of a device monitoring station (19), a landslide deep displacement monitoring area (15), a soil pressure box fiber grating sensor system (27) and a pipeline fiber grating strain sensor system (26); the device monitoring station (19) is positioned on the landslide test base (10); the landslide deep displacement monitoring areas (15) are distributed around the pipeline; the soil pressure box fiber grating sensor system (27) and the pipeline fiber grating strain sensor system (26) are arranged on the outer wall of the pipeline.
6. The simulation test device for damage of a large-scale buried gas pipeline under the action of landslide according to claim 1, wherein the simulation test device comprises the following components: the data monitored by the device monitoring area (d) comprise pipeline internal pressure, pipeline strain, landslide soil thrust, landslide body deep displacement, rainfall, underground landslide soil pore water pressure and underground landslide soil water content.
7. The simulation test device for damage of a large-scale buried gas pipeline under the action of landslide according to claim 1, wherein the simulation test device comprises the following components: the device for monitoring landslide soil related data comprises: a landslide soil pore water pressure monitoring sensor (24), a landslide soil moisture monitoring sensor (28) and a monitoring data transfer station (35); landslide soil pore water pressure monitoring sensor (24) monitors landslide underground soil pore water pressure, and landslide soil moisture monitoring sensor (28) monitors landslide underground soil moisture, and monitoring data transmission is to data transfer station (35), later transmits to device monitoring station (19).
8. A large-scale buried gas pipeline damage simulation test method under the action of pipeline landslide comprises the following steps:
1) Air enters the test loop (2) through the air storage system (A) and is pressurized through the air pressurizing system (B), so that the air pressure reaches the pressure requirement required by the test;
2) Air flowing out of the test loop (2) enters a test air pipeline (12), and air pressure and flow are monitored through a pressure gauge (7) and a flowmeter (6);
3) Introducing a water source of the water source storage system (E) into the water source pressurizing system (B) to pressurize so as to meet the rainfall pressure requirement of the test system (F);
4) The pressurized water source enters a water source distribution system (C) through a water pipeline (11), the water source of a water source main pipe (34) is respectively conveyed to 9 water source branch pipes (33), and then automatic rainfall operation is carried out on a landslide test system (F);
5) The test water source carries out automatic rainfall operation through 9 water source branch pipes (33), after the landslide body (17) is subjected to scouring and erosion of rainfall and gradually landslide occurs, the residual water source is collected through a residual water source collecting system (G), and the water source is returned to a water source storage system (E) after being measured;
6) The device monitoring area (d) records the front-back water quantity change of the automatic rainfall area (c) and obtains the rainfall of the test system (F);
7) A landslide soil pore water pressure monitoring sensor (24) and a landslide soil moisture monitoring sensor (28) monitor landslide soil moisture data;
8) A monitoring station (19) in the pipeline landslide test system (F) monitors pipeline strain, pipeline thrust of landslide soil and deep displacement of the landslide soil;
9) The landslide soil collecting box body (22) collects landslide soil and gravel sliding down from the test system (F), and the landslide soil and gravel are drained through a drainage pipeline in the box body for next test;
10 Repeating the steps 1) to 9), changing the internal pressure of the pipeline, the landslide soil property, the burial depth of the pipeline and the environmental rainfall, and re-simulating the influence of landslide disasters on buried gas pipelines under different working conditions.
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