CN103487567B - Device and method for building trench slope gravity erosion process field test - Google Patents
Device and method for building trench slope gravity erosion process field test Download PDFInfo
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- CN103487567B CN103487567B CN201310422836.6A CN201310422836A CN103487567B CN 103487567 B CN103487567 B CN 103487567B CN 201310422836 A CN201310422836 A CN 201310422836A CN 103487567 B CN103487567 B CN 103487567B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for building a trench slope gravity erosion process field test. The device comprises an outdoor test room, trench slope geography, a rainfall simulation device and a gravity erosion observation device. The outdoor test room comprises an outdoor test room body capable of being assembled and a movable rainproof observation room body placed inside the outdoor test room body. The trench slope geography is a generalization slope cut in a field according to typical geomorphic features of a studied area. The generalization slope is separated from the surrounding through steel sheet pile side walls. The rainfall simulation device comprises components including a three-barrel pressure-stabilizing water feeder, a movable assembling multi-micro-spraying-nozzle combined type rainfall device, a water collecting groove and the like. The gravity erosion observation device comprises a geography instrument main machine, a movable assembling slumping face observation support and a sight line calibrator. According to the device and method for building the trench slope gravity erosion process field test, a good observation environment is created for observation of a geography instrument through the test room, the main building components are all assembling movable facilities, the simulation and observation devices can not be disturbed, and observation accuracy is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to research soil and water conservation device technique field, relate to a kind of apparatus and method for setting up the test of ditch slope mass erosion process-field, a set of pilot system of the rainfall of field ditch slope slump process being carried out to Simulation and observation, this device can the total mass erosion amount of the mass erosion amount of on-site measurement ditch slope all previous slump event in rainfall, secondary rainfall, mass erosion amount and the data such as the gradient of abrupt slope any time and slope aspect after rain.
Background technology
Quantitative observation ditch slope mass erosion process, can further investigate its genesis mechanism, and provides scientific basis for the foundation of gravity erosion predicting model and the determination of hazard prevention and reduction.But due to the complicacy of mass erosion, the observation of the in situ quantitation of mass erosion, not yet can the progress of making a breakthrough property always in exploration.Initial research is the relation (Wang Xingkui indirectly analyzed between mass erosion phenomenon and hyper-concentration flow, Qian Ning, Hu Weide. the formation of Gullied Rolling Loess Region hyper-concentration flow and Process of Confluence [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1982, (7): 26-35).At present mainly by the intensity of three kinds of data reflection mass erosions: a kind of data are the earth volumes suffering mass erosion in certain area certain hour, two is areas that mass erosion occurs in certain area certain hour, three is number of times (Wang Defu that mass erosion phenomenon occurs in certain area certain hour, Zhao Xueying, Ma Haolu, Deng. [J] is adjusted in loess mass erosion and remote sensing thereof. Chinese water and soil conservation, 1993, (12): 26-28).General according to the geometric shape reverse mass erosion amount after mass erosion generation in research, as (Larsen MC & Torres-Sanchez AJ such as Larsen, The frequency and distribution of recent landslides in threemontane tropical regions of Puerto Rico [J] .Geomorphology, 1998, 24, 309-331), (the Haflidason H such as Haflidason, Lien R, Sejrup HP, et al.The dating and morphometryof the Storrega Slide [J] .Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2005, research 22:187-194).(the Li Yuhou such as Li Yuhou, Kang Xuelin, Yue Xinfa. ∥ Loess Plateau the 3rd secondary area soil erosion prototype measurement of Luo Yu Watershed mass erosion properties study preliminary study and law study [C], Zhengzhou: the Yellow River water conservancy publishing house, 2004, 32-37) adopt the method measured by ditch geometric shape, (Yamada S.The role ofsoil creep and slope failure in the landscape evolution of a head water basin:fieldmeasurements in a zero order basin of northern Japan [J] .Geomorphology such as Yamada, 1999, 28:329-344), (the Iverson R.M. such as Iverson, et al.Acute sensitivity of landslide rates toinitial soil porosity [J], Science, 2000, 290:513-516) lay chaining pin at the scene, measure or predict the process of mass erosion.Due in the process of mass erosion, in the soil of whereabouts, a part is washed away by current, or the part soil deposit inputted from upstream is Caved ore body, namely comprises part water erosion amount in " Caved ore body ".Can find out, the waterpower in mass erosion process cannot the defeated amount of moving be separated by the above-mentioned method afterwards observed, and more cannot state the generating process of mass erosion.
In recent years, the contactless measurements such as remote sensing, tracer element method have applied in mass erosion observation.But, because any one remote sensing image has certain engineer's scale, in fact can see clearly, decipher drawing can have certain condition (Guo Changbao, Zhang Yongshuan. northern Shensi sand High Loess Slope reliability analysis and Slope optimization design [J]. Chinese Geological Disasters and control journal, 2005,16 (4): 5-10); And, remote sensing technology can not be deep into the inside of geologic body after all, the information on the just top layer that it obtains, therefore, remote sensing technology cannot replace on-the-spot prospecting, experiment work completely, and can only as the effective supplementary means of one (Wu Shenglin. avalanche-push away and cover plastid genesis mechanism and stability study thereof slippingly: [Ph.D. Dissertation]. Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province: China Mining University, 2009).
Especially it should be noted, gravity landform process is a non-continuous process, thus its action intensity has just become the closely-related problem with frequency, for ocean weather station observation brings difficulty (Zhang Chunshan, Zhang Yecheng, Zhang Lihai. Chinese avalanche, landslide, mud-stone flow disaster hazard assessment [J]. geomechanics journal, 2004,10 (1): 27-32).The observation cycle of the field monitoring test under natural rainfall condition is longer, and limits by field condition, is difficult to the generating process observing mass erosion, is unfavorable for exploring its microscopic mechanism.
Applicant has utilized structured light technique, has adopted the landforms instrument of autonomous Design, has carried out quantitatively, dynamically observing to ditch slope mass erosion process chamber model test.Seminar amounts to the rainfall simulation test findings confirmation of more than 500 time for completed 2009,2010,2012 3 years, this method comparatively accurately omnidistancely can observe the volume (Zhao Chao that in the mass erosion test of ditch slope, all previous miniature gravity corrodes, Wang Shufang, Xu Xiangzhou, Deng. mass erosion Loess Gullys Gou Pochan Saudi Arabia property [J], Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012,28 (12): 140-145; Zhao Chao, Xu Xiangzhou, Xu Feilong, etc. the dynamic observation device [J] of experiment landforms, Chinese soil and water conservation science, 2012,10 (2): 65-69).But the surround lighting of site test and site condition and shop experiment have very big-difference.The application plans original landforms instrument observation technology and carries out upgrading improvement, and devise the facilities such as assemblnig field laboratory, removable assemblnig many mini sprinklers combined type rain controller, removable assemblnig observation support, to realize in-site modeling to field ditch slope mass erosion process and observation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of apparatus and method for setting up the test of ditch slope mass erosion process-field.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The inventive system comprises field laboratory, gully-slope land shape, rainfall simulator and mass erosion observation device four parts.
Field laboratory comprises assemblnig field laboratory and is placed on the removable rainproof sight chamber in testing laboratory.Assemblnig field laboratory adopts large-scale camping tent repacking.Lower domatic of physical features is provided with and adds long column.Tent pole by set bolt with add long column and be connected.Add long column along short transverse there being multiple equidistant connecting hole.When tent pole and the connecting hole adding long column diverse location are fixed, multiple lengthening effect just can be obtained.
It is indoor that on-the-spot assemblnig field test is corroded on gully-slope land shape outer fissure out of office slope, and according to survey region typical case morphologic characteristics, " cutting " goes out the domatic of generalization, and this generalization landform and surrounding environment is separated with steel sheet pile abutment wall.Connect with bolt between steel sheet pile abutment wall, and junction embeds the sealing strip of sealing.Inserting, pull-out combined steel plate pile for abutment wall, be separated out the inspection surface of some scale, prevent this inspection surface from exchanging with underground water with the rainwash outside observation area; After the rainfall simulation off-test in battery of tests face, steel sheet pile can be extracted, for reusing later.Steel sheet pile is marked with length scale towards the medial surface subscript of gully-slope land shape, locates for during topographic data processing modeling.
Rainfall simulator comprises three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices, removablely assembles the components such as many mini sprinklers combined type rain controller and water leg.Drum in three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices is placed on the higher position of physical features, for precipitation and storage clear water, and bucket in clear water being inputted by communicating pipe.Keg volume as water tank of voltage regulation is less, is placed in bucket.When submersible pump B by clear water by when being transported in keg in middle bucket, part clear water overflow, remainder is supplied in rain controller by submersible pump A, supplies water to rain controller to keep fixing water level.Rain controller is made up of multiple independent, assemblnig monomer, and each monomer comprises rain controller support and rain controller pipe network.Rain controller support comprises stand type support and 1 horizontal stand with bayonet of 2 door shapes.Stand type support is bolted on stub.Horizontal stand is connected with stand type support by the inverted U-shaped bayonet socket of support corner.The colligation of rain controller pipe network below horizontal stand, uniform following spray mini sprinkler on pipe network.Water leg is made up of galvanized iron sheet.
Mass erosion observation device comprises landforms instrument main frame, removable assemblnig slump face observation support and sight line calibrating device.Observation support is bolted on stub, a uniform word line laser device on observation support.Sight line calibrating device is made up of the light harvesting box of calibrating device support and band pulley.Light harvesting box with pulley is arranged on the cross bar of sight line calibrating device, and light harvesting box can move along the chute of cross bar.The bottom of light harvesting box is provided with catoptron; Sidewall is made by transparent material, and is decorated with equidistant opaque parallel lines in the side that liftoff looks instrument is far away.One word line laser device send vertically and be parallel to the laser plane of abrupt slope slope aspect, for indicating the slump face form on abrupt slope in rainfall.Above observation support, center is fixed with support bar, support bar is provided with DV video camera.Get laser instrument ready and DV fixes, and the laser rays sent is parallel with DV sight line.
The sight angle of adjustment DV, makes DV sight line vertical with the laser plane that landforms instrument main frame sends, and tests with sight line calibrating device.Sight line calibrating device is for verifying the device whether laser plane that landforms instrument main frame sends is vertical with DV sight line.Before one rainfall event, check DV sight line whether vertical with laser plane.Set bolt on adjustment sight line calibrating device support, can realize moving up and down of light harvesting box in the vertical direction.。When the laser plane that main frame sends is vertical with DV sight line, the projection of laser plane on light harvesting box sidewall overlaps with the opaque parallel lines on light harvesting box sidewall, and gets laser rays that laser instrument sends ready after mirror-reflection, just in time turns back to and gets ready on laser instrument.
The framework of removable rainproof sight chamber adopts metal construction, connects with bolt.Sight chamber top and ceiling waterproof, the instruments such as the main frame of landforms instrument and monitor are all placed in this sight chamber, thus make the light-emitting area of landforms instrument main frame be unlikely to be stained with rainwater, to ensure the sharpness being incident upon steep slope topography laser rays.
Before rainfall starts, antifog filter installed by DV camera lens, and Adjustment Tests indoor light intensity, reach best to make the observation effect of DV.Before each erosion test, first Polypropylence Sheet is spread in test site, calibration rainfall intensity.Then open landforms instrument, open Polypropylence Sheet, start timing, formally carry out erosion test.Observe the slump process on abrupt slope in test, take the closeup photograph in slump face simultaneously.Each off-test, copies in computing machine, to make next step analyzing and processing by the observation video recording on DV.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are: 1) by the light testing laboratory of assembling, create indoor observing environment.The adjustment of indoor light power can be realized by the window of switch test room and adjustment indoor light, to guarantee that landforms instrument obtains best observing environment, and obtains geomorphologic map picture the most clearly.2) main building element of the present invention, is suitable for the assembling of field operation, removable facility as field laboratory, rain controller, observation support, sight chamber are, and is lightly easy to transport.3) field laboratory, rain controller, observation supporting structure are separated, and outdoor wind and rain can not the Simulation and observation device of upset test indoor, and the vibrations produced when rain controller runs also can not have influence on observation device.
Use this device that on-the-spot expansion in the wild can be facilitated promptly to test, the evolution of simulation and measurement ditch slope mass erosion, can withdraw rapidly after having tested.Water erosion amount can be separated with mass erosion amount by this invention, the mass erosion amount in quantitative observation rainfall and after rainfall; And observation degree of accuracy is high, mobility good, operating cost is lower.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is testing equipment arrangenent diagram.
Fig. 2 can assemble field laboratory appearance figure.
Fig. 3 is the connection of foundation and tent pole.
Fig. 4 is removable, assemblnig many mini sprinklers combined type rain controller.
Fig. 5 is three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices.
Fig. 6 is removable, assemblnig rainproof sight chamber.
Fig. 7 is removable, assemblnig observation support.
Fig. 8 is the position of DV sight line calibrating device in testing field.
Fig. 9 is DV sight line calibrating device.
In figure: 1 three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices; 2 removable, many mini sprinklers combined type rain controller can be assembled;
3 removable, can assembling slump face observation support; 4 can assemble field laboratory;
5 removable rainproof sight chambers; 6 landforms instrument main frames; 7 gully-slope land shapes; 8 water legs;
9 steel sheet pile abutment walls;
4-1 brightness-adjustable waterproof, illuminating lamp; 4-2 window; 4-3 stay cord; 4-4 moorstone; 4-5 bed course;
4-6 stub; 4-7 set bolt 2; 4-8 adds long column; 4-9 connecting hole; 4-10 set bolt 1;
4-11 timber wedge; 4-12 tent pole;
2-1 bed course; 2-2 stub; 2-3 rain controller support; 2-4 rain controller pipe network; 2-5 mini sprinkler;
2-6 inverted U bayonet socket;
1-1 drum; 1-2 communicating pipe; 1-3 keg; 1-4 submersible pump A; 1-5 submersible pump B; Bucket in 1-6;
5-1 metal support; 5-2 transparent watertight film; The opaque roofing of 5-3;
3-1 bed course; 3-2 stub; 3-3 metal support; 3-4 mono-word line laser device; 3-5DV;
3-6 gets laser instrument ready; 3-7 The Cloud Terrace; 3-8 support bar;
11 sight line calibrating devices; 11-1 sight line calibrating device support; 11-2 is with the light harvesting box of pulley;
11-3 catoptron; The lighttight equal space line of 11-4; 11-5 is with the cross bar of chute; 11-6 set bolt.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
For the test of loess ditch slope mass erosion process-field, the concrete steps that the device for setting up the test of ditch slope mass erosion process-field is implemented are described.Test is carried out at loess plateau Shenmu County Liudaogou watershed.
Step 1: edit landform
Generally domatic 7 are changed according to loess ditch slope typical case's landforms characteristic Design.Model is respectively 300cm and 400cm along slope aspect with perpendicular to the plane projection size of slope aspect.Wholely domaticly to be made up of the gentle slope of 3 ° and the abrupt slope of 60 ° ~ 80 °, steep slope section height 1.5m.Generalization is gone out domatic at the on-the-spot edit in the ditch slope being easy to occur mass erosion.Step 2: build removable testing laboratory
Build assembling field laboratory 4 at the scene.The long 8m of testing laboratory, wide 5m; Ridge distance gently sloping surface height about 3m, height about 4.5m bottom sty.The pre-buried stub 2-6 for fixing tent pole in the position that physical features is higher; The pre-buried stub for fixedly adding long column 4-8 in the position that physical features is lower, and will long column be added and stub is bolted.Then tent is installed.Level land is built tent bracket in advance, connects, and be fixed to above-mentioned tent pole stub and add on long column.Then by canvas from moving to roof, be pushed into full roofing from side.Canvas wall and the door curtain of elongated portion are finally installed.Tent is by multiple stay cord 4-3 and moorstone 4-4 anchoring.Tent pole by set bolt 4-10 with add long column and be connected.Add long column along short transverse there being multiple equidistant connecting hole 4-9.When tent pole and the connecting hole adding long column diverse location are fixed, multiple lengthening effect just can be obtained.
The exterior wall of testing laboratory there is multiple window 4-2, for ventilating and stopping outdoor strong sunlight; Have waterproof, illuminating lamp 4-1 in testing laboratory, its brightness can need adjustment according to observation.
Step 3: refining landform also builds rainfall simulation and landform observing device
According to the morphologic characteristics of design, on test face, meticulous " cutting " goes out domatic 7 of generalization.After the check of generalization domatic each point planimetric coordinates, elevation is errorless, embedding steel sheet pile abutment wall 9.Steel sheet pile is marked with length scale towards the medial surface subscript of gully-slope land shape, locates for during topographic data processing modeling.The steel construction barricade of embedding reinforcement below abrupt slope,
Outside abutment wall on ground desired location pre-buried rainfall simulator support 2-3 and observation support 3 stub.Assembling rain controller support, colligation rain controller pipe network 2-4; Observation support is installed, fixing The Cloud Terrace.By rainfall simulator support with observation support installing to appointment stub on and be connected with set bolt.Embedding water leg 8 below abrupt slope.In rainfall, domatic runoff and sediment is exported by water leg.
Step 4: rainfall simulation test and mass erosion process quantitative observation
Often organize terrain rainfall 6 ~ 10 times.One rainfall event lasts 30min, and raininess is 2.0mm/min, close with Loess Plateau A type heavy rain.After every rainfall, interval is about 24h and carries out next rainfall again.When after rainfall erosion, the model gradient is less, when secondary rainfall mass erosion amount is tending towards a certain stationary value, namely stops test, again construct landform, carry out the rain test of next group landform.
Adopt the dynamic change of gully-slope land shape in the rainfall of landforms instrument real-time monitored, and in quantitative evaluation rainfall and the evolution process of mass erosion after rainfall.In rainfall, DV3-5 installs antifog filter, and Adjustment Tests indoor light intensity, reach best to make the observation effect of DV.Observe the slump process on abrupt slope in test, take the closeup photograph in slump face simultaneously.Each off-test, copies in computing machine, to make next step analyzing and processing by the observation video recording on DV.
According to process of the test video recording, intercept the video interception of required period; Give actual elevation with R2V software by the level line vector quantization in sectional drawing again, then call in ArcGIS software, form three-dimensional tin file, just can obtain slope body volume information.The computational analysis detailed content of mass erosion process is as follows: 1) calculate all previous mass erosion amount and time rainfall total amount of erosion that this rainfall Zhong Gou slope occurs.According to the rainfall video recording that DV records, all previous mass erosion event can be judged.By before the slump of each mass erosion event and slump after moment video recording sectional drawing, and confine out slump scope, according to the contour map in selection range, in GIS software, assignment forms 3 dimensional drawing, and then can provide the parameters such as the volume of this slumped mass, projected area and each point coordinate.There is the volume differences of slope body of forward and backward moment in mass erosion, is exactly this subgravity erosion amount.In this rainfall all previous mass erosion amount and be exactly the mass erosion total amount of this rainfall.2) total amount of erosion and the water erosion amount of time rainfall is calculated.At the end of the cumulative volume of this rainfall scarp slope body and this rainfall, the difference of the cumulative volume of slope body, is the total amount of erosion of secondary rainfall.Secondary rainfall total amount of erosion deducts time rainfall mass erosion total amount, is the water erosion total amount of this rainfall.3) the mass erosion amount that rainfall terminates rear generation is calculated.The cumulative volume of this rainfall adverse grade body is deducted the cumulative volume of next rainfall scarp slope body, the mass erosion amount after this rainfall.4) according to the slope body three-dimensional models that observation sectional drawing obtains, can also obtain abrupt slope at any time, the isoparametric change of the slope aspect of any position, the gradient, these parameters are combined with the mass erosion amount occurred at that time and analyzes, the internal relation between mass erosion and gully-slope land shape parameter can be analysed in depth.5) according to longitudinal profile, the slump face shape of laser rays display in the closeup photograph of slump face, in conjunction with omnidistance video recording, the slump face form of the various slump forms such as avalanche, landslide, mudflow can be judged.
Claims (1)
1. for setting up a device for ditch slope mass erosion process-field test, it is characterized in that, this device comprises and the inventive system comprises field laboratory, gully-slope land shape, rainfall simulator and mass erosion observation device four parts;
Field laboratory: comprise assemblnig field laboratory and be placed on the removable rainproof sight chamber in testing laboratory;
Gully-slope land shape: gully-slope land shape outer fissure slope out of office is corroded in on-the-spot assembled testing laboratory, according to survey region typical case morphologic characteristics, " cutting " goes out the domatic of generalization, and this generalization landform and surrounding environment is separated with steel sheet pile abutment wall; Connect with bolt between steel sheet pile abutment wall, and junction embeds the sealing strip of sealing; Inserting, pull-out combined steel plate pile for abutment wall, be separated out the inspection surface of some scale, prevent this inspection surface from exchanging with underground water with the rainwash outside observation area; Steel sheet pile is marked with length scale towards the medial surface subscript of gully-slope land shape, locates for during topographic data processing modeling;
Rainfall simulator: comprise three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices, removablely assemble many mini sprinklers combined type rain controller and water leg; Drum in three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices is placed on the higher position of physical features, for precipitation and storage clear water, and bucket in clear water being inputted by communicating pipe; Keg volume as water tank of voltage regulation is less, is placed in bucket; When submersible pump B by clear water by when being transported in keg in middle bucket, part clear water overflow, remainder is supplied in rain controller by submersible pump A, supplies water to rain controller to keep fixing water level; Water leg is made up of galvanized iron sheet;
Mass erosion observation device: comprise landforms instrument main frame, removable assemblnig slump face observation support and sight line calibrating device; Observation support is bolted on stub, a uniform word line laser device on observation support; One word line laser device send vertically and be parallel to the laser plane of abrupt slope slope aspect, for indicating the slump face form on abrupt slope in rainfall; Above observation support, center is fixed with support bar, support bar is provided with DV video camera; Get laser instrument ready and DV fixes, and the laser rays sent is parallel with DV sight line.
2. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, sight line calibrating device is made up of the light harvesting box (11-2) of calibrating device support (11-1) and band pulley; Light harvesting box with pulley is arranged on the cross bar of calibrating device, and light harvesting box can move along the chute of cross bar; The bottom of light harvesting box is provided with catoptron (11-3); Sidewall is made by transparent material, and is decorated with equidistant opaque parallel lines (11-4) in the side that liftoff looks instrument is far away.
3. device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, lower domatic of physical features is provided with and adds long column (4-8), tent pole by set bolt (4-10) with add long column and be connected; Adding long column along short transverse there being multiple equidistant connecting hole (4-9), when tent pole and the connecting hole adding long column diverse location are fixed, obtaining multiple lengthening effect.
4. device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, rain controller is made up of multiple independent, assemblnig monomer; Each monomer comprises rain controller support (2-3) and rain controller pipe network (2-4); Rain controller support comprises stand type support and 1 horizontal stand with bayonet of 2 door shapes; Stand type support is bolted on stub; Horizontal stand is connected with stand type support by the inverted U-shaped bayonet socket of support corner; The colligation of rain controller pipe network below horizontal stand, uniform following spray mini sprinkler on pipe network.
5. device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, rain controller is made up of multiple independent, assemblnig monomer; Each monomer comprises rain controller support (2-3) and rain controller pipe network (2-4); Rain controller support comprises stand type support and 1 horizontal stand with bayonet of 2 door shapes; Stand type support is bolted on stub; Horizontal stand is connected with stand type support by the inverted U-shaped bayonet socket of support corner; The colligation of rain controller pipe network below horizontal stand, uniform following spray mini sprinkler on pipe network.
6. set up the method for ditch slope mass erosion process-field test with the device described in claim 1,2 or 5, it is characterized in that following steps,
The sight angle of adjustment DV, makes DV sight line vertical with the laser plane that landforms instrument main frame sends, and tests with sight line calibrating device; Whether sight line calibrating device is for verifying the device whether laser plane that landforms instrument main frame sends is vertical with DV sight line, checking DV sight line vertical with laser plane before one rainfall event; Light harvesting box with pulley is arranged on the cross bar of calibrating device, and light harvesting box can move along the chute of cross bar; Set bolt on adjustment calibrating device support, realizes moving up and down of light harvesting box in the vertical direction; The bottom of light harvesting box is provided with catoptron; Sidewall is made by transparent material, and is decorated with equidistant opaque parallel lines in the side that liftoff looks instrument is far away, and the spacing of parallel lines is consistent with landforms instrument laser plane spacing; Bottom laser box, catoptron is installed; When the laser plane that main frame sends is vertical with DV sight line, the projection of laser plane on light harvesting box sidewall overlaps with the opaque parallel lines on light harvesting box sidewall, and gets laser rays that laser instrument sends ready after mirror-reflection, just in time turns back to and gets ready on laser instrument;
The framework of removable rainproof sight chamber adopts metal construction, connects with bolt; Sight chamber top and ceiling waterproof, the main frame of landforms instrument and monitor are all placed in this sight chamber, thus make the light-emitting area of landforms instrument main frame be unlikely to be stained with rainwater, to ensure the sharpness being incident upon steep slope topography laser rays;
Before rainfall starts, antifog filter installed by DV camera lens, and Adjustment Tests indoor light intensity, reach best to make the observation effect of DV; Before each erosion test, first Polypropylence Sheet is spread in test site, calibration rainfall intensity; Then open landforms instrument, open Polypropylence Sheet, start timing, formally carry out erosion test; Observe the slump process on abrupt slope in test, take the closeup photograph in slump face simultaneously; Each off-test, copies in computing machine, to make next step analyzing and processing by the observation video recording on DV.
7. set up the method for ditch slope mass erosion process-field test with device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that following steps,
The sight angle of adjustment DV, makes DV sight line vertical with the laser plane that landforms instrument main frame sends, and tests with sight line calibrating device; Whether sight line calibrating device is for verifying the device whether laser plane that landforms instrument main frame sends is vertical with DV sight line, checking DV sight line vertical with laser plane before one rainfall event; Light harvesting box with pulley is arranged on the cross bar of calibrating device, and light harvesting box can move along the chute of cross bar; Set bolt on adjustment calibrating device support, realizes moving up and down of light harvesting box in the vertical direction; The bottom of light harvesting box is provided with catoptron; Sidewall is made by transparent material, and is decorated with equidistant opaque parallel lines in the side that liftoff looks instrument is far away, and the spacing of parallel lines is consistent with landforms instrument laser plane spacing; Bottom laser box, catoptron is installed; When the laser plane that main frame sends is vertical with DV sight line, the projection of laser plane on light harvesting box sidewall overlaps with the opaque parallel lines on light harvesting box sidewall, and gets laser rays that laser instrument sends ready after mirror-reflection, just in time turns back to and gets ready on laser instrument;
The framework of removable rainproof sight chamber adopts metal construction, connects with bolt; Sight chamber top and ceiling waterproof, the main frame of landforms instrument and monitor are all placed in this sight chamber, thus make the light-emitting area of landforms instrument main frame be unlikely to be stained with rainwater, to ensure the sharpness being incident upon steep slope topography laser rays;
Before rainfall starts, antifog filter installed by DV camera lens, and Adjustment Tests indoor light intensity, reach best to make the observation effect of DV; Before each erosion test, first Polypropylence Sheet is spread in test site, calibration rainfall intensity; Then open landforms instrument, open Polypropylence Sheet, start timing, formally carry out erosion test; Observe the slump process on abrupt slope in test, take the closeup photograph in slump face simultaneously; Each off-test, copies in computing machine, to make next step analyzing and processing by the observation video recording on DV.
8. set up the method for ditch slope mass erosion process-field test with device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that following steps,
The sight angle of adjustment DV, makes DV sight line vertical with the laser plane that landforms instrument main frame sends, and tests with sight line calibrating device; Whether sight line calibrating device is for verifying the device whether laser plane that landforms instrument main frame sends is vertical with DV sight line, checking DV sight line vertical with laser plane before one rainfall event; Light harvesting box with pulley is arranged on the cross bar of calibrating device, and light harvesting box can move along the chute of cross bar; Set bolt on adjustment calibrating device support, realizes moving up and down of light harvesting box in the vertical direction; The bottom of light harvesting box is provided with catoptron; Sidewall is made by transparent material, and is decorated with equidistant opaque parallel lines in the side that liftoff looks instrument is far away, and the spacing of parallel lines is consistent with landforms instrument laser plane spacing; Bottom laser box, catoptron is installed; When the laser plane that main frame sends is vertical with DV sight line, the projection of laser plane on light harvesting box sidewall overlaps with the opaque parallel lines on light harvesting box sidewall, and gets laser rays that laser instrument sends ready after mirror-reflection, just in time turns back to and gets ready on laser instrument;
The framework of removable rainproof sight chamber adopts metal construction, connects with bolt; Sight chamber top and ceiling waterproof, the main frame of landforms instrument and monitor are all placed in this sight chamber, thus make the light-emitting area of landforms instrument main frame be unlikely to be stained with rainwater, to ensure the sharpness being incident upon steep slope topography laser rays;
Before rainfall starts, antifog filter installed by DV camera lens, and Adjustment Tests indoor light intensity, reach best to make the observation effect of DV; Before each erosion test, first Polypropylence Sheet is spread in test site, calibration rainfall intensity; Then open landforms instrument, open Polypropylence Sheet, start timing, formally carry out erosion test; Observe the slump process on abrupt slope in test, take the closeup photograph in slump face simultaneously; Each off-test, copies in computing machine, to make next step analyzing and processing by the observation video recording on DV.
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| CN201310422836.6A CN103487567B (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2013-09-16 | Device and method for building trench slope gravity erosion process field test |
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| CN103487567B true CN103487567B (en) | 2015-07-15 |
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| WO2020073309A1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-16 | 大连理工大学 | Integrated mainboard-based geomorphology detector console |
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| WO2019195954A1 (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-10-17 | 大连理工大学 | Landform observation apparatus based on mechanical fine adjustment of dual-host |
| CN108534758B (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-06-28 | 大连理工大学 | Based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment |
| CN110660304B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-04-13 | 长江大学 | Geological learning water tank experiment teaching auxiliary device |
| CN109192052A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-11 | 南京大学 | Dynamic construction Landform Evolution physical simulation experiment device and experimental method |
| CN111127992B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-09-21 | 燕山大学 | River evolution simulation device and experiment method for automatically generating terrain |
| CN111157437A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | A observation device for ditch head erosion process of tracing to source |
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