CN110672816A - Be suitable for open-air portable domatic soil erosion experimental apparatus in karst area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field portable slope soil erosion experimental device suitable for a karst region, which comprises an experimental community main body formed by enclosing a plurality of spliced side baffles from two side surfaces, wherein a flow stabilizing plate is laid on the ground at the front end of an inlet of the community main body, a first water pump is arranged in front of the flow stabilizing plate and connected with a first water delivery pipe, the tail end of the first water delivery pipe is uniformly divided into a plurality of water outlets, and all the water outlets are arranged on the flow stabilizing plate side by side; a plurality of supporting rods are arranged on the side baffle, and the top ends of all the supporting rods support a whole rainfall plate with a spray head together to completely cover the upper part of the cell main body; the top of the rainfall board with the spray heads is a simple reservoir, the bottom of the rainfall board is provided with a plurality of spray heads, and a rain gauge is arranged below the spray heads; the rear part of the cell main body is provided with a trapezoidal gradually contracted flow guide bottom plate, flow guide plates are vertically arranged along two waists of the flow guide bottom plate, and a short bottom edge at the rear part of the flow guide bottom plate is connected with a flow collecting groove. The invention combines field slope soil erosion and hydrodynamics experiments to realize multiple purposes of one set of device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of field hydrodynamics and soil erosion science; in particular to a field water discharge scouring experiment and artificial rainfall simulation experiment device.
Background
Due to karst development and terrain breakage, water and soil loss of the karst region slope surface is of a 'binary' characteristic (namely, earth surface erosion and underground leakage), the soil erosion mechanism is very complex, and the hydrodynamic process is also very complex. Based on a complex soil erosion mechanism, compared with a yellow soil area and a northeast black soil area of China, the research on the aspects of hydrodynamics and soil erosion of the karst region slope is less. The invention and the popularization of the device are favorable for deeply researching the slope soil erosion mechanism, the hydrology, the hydrodynamics and the like in the karst region, and compared with an indoor scouring and rainfall simulation device, the device provided by the invention has the advantage that the experiment difficulty and the experiment cost are greatly reduced.
At present, most of research experiments aiming at the aspect of soil erosion mechanism of slope in karst regions are indoor simulation experiments. Although indoor simulation is more beneficial to control of partial influence factors than field experiments, karst cracks in karst regions are developed very, the composition of underlying surfaces and complex karst cracks in a natural state are difficult to simulate indoors, and the portable device can solve the defect of indoor simulation by carrying out experiments based on the original underlying surfaces in the field. In addition, the defects of indoor simulation experiment devices can be overcome by constructing the permanent runoff plot in the field to carry out related experiments, but the defects are obvious because the terrain of the karst region is broken, the difficulty in constructing the permanent runoff plot is high, the manufacturing cost is high, the management is difficult, and the adjustment is difficult to carry out according to the experiment requirements once the permanent runoff plot is constructed. In addition, based on the topographic features of the karst region, the device is not suitable for building a permanent artificial rainfall simulation and scouring experiment device in the field, so that the device can overcome the defects of the indoor simulation, the field permanent runoff plot, the field permanent artificial rainfall simulation device and the scouring device. This device is open-air portable domatic soil erosion experimental apparatus, will erode experiment and artifical rainfall simulation organic combination ingeniously, can develop multiple experiment simultaneously, and low in cost carries, dismantles conveniently simultaneously, and easy management is comparatively firm stable after the installation, in addition, can also adjust and improve according to the experiment demand.
The runoff plot is an experimental facility for quantitatively researching the water and soil loss rule of the sloping field and the water and soil loss rule of the small watershed. The system is generally composed of a community surrounded by side ridges, a flow collecting groove, runoff and sediment collecting and storing equipment, a protective belt and a drainage system. The runoff plot test is used for solving the problem of large-scale water and soil loss, so that the planning needs to consider representing the surrounding environment and pay attention to the possibility of extrapolation to other areas; secondly, extreme conditions such as experiments of maximum and minimum gradients, extreme precipitation experiments and the like are considered; the original states of soil topography and the like are kept as much as possible during planning. The main contents of runoff plot observation are rainfall, runoff and sediment observation and the like.
In the prior art, a utility model patent with application number 201120212721.0, applied by Beijing university, discloses a water and sand collecting tank for an artificial rainfall runoff plot, wherein the collecting tank is arranged below the runoff plot and is connected with a runoff plot baffle; the water and sand collecting chute comprises a pore plate and a water tank, and the pore plate is fixedly connected with the water tank; the pore plate is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the inner height of the water tank is smaller than the outer height; an outlet is arranged at one end of the water tank. The main advantage of this scheme has strengthened the collection function of erosion thing, also accounts for wherein to the erosion that interflow caused, and the design of collection groove and runoff district integral type has improved artificial rainfall's experimental function simultaneously.
The utility model discloses a run-off district model for coal mine subsidence area water and soil loss observation, which is commonly applied by china shenhua energy resources limited company and china mining university (beijing) and has the application number of 201220359469.0, and comprises a water collecting tank, geotechnical cloth, a water guiding tank and collecting equipment. The water collecting tank is a rectangular frame formed by a plurality of baffles in a surrounding mode, one part of the baffle is embedded into a groove in the periphery of a slope area to be observed, and each baffle is connected in a semi-fixed mode. The geotextile is a waterproof tensile composite material and is cemented at the inner wall of the water collecting tank. And circular holes are arranged at the upper ends of the geotextiles, and the geotextiles are connected with the holes of the water collecting tank by short ropes. The front end of the water diversion groove is in seamless connection with the water outlet at the end part of the water collection groove, and water and sand in a runoff plot can be introduced into the collecting equipment. And water and soil loss conditions of the area to be observed can be predicted by sprinkling water to the runoff plot to simulate rain wash. Semi-fixed connection between the water catch bowl to and the use of anti tractive geotechnological cloth for this runoff district disturbance resistance can be better, can more accurately reflect the characteristics of earth's surface collapse in-process soil erosion and water loss.
The utility model with application number 201810469275.8, applied by the Water and soil conservation science research institute in Jiangxi province, discloses a device for intercepting and cleaning dead branches and fallen leaves in a field runoff experiment plot, which comprises an interceptor, a cleaner, a rainfall sensor, a power transmitter, a solar panel and a storage battery; the interceptor is a semi-open triangular prism and can intercept dead branches and fallen leaves carried by runoff at a water outlet of a community; the interceptor is provided with two cleaners which can slide along the stainless steel bars at the upper end of the interceptor under the drive of a power transmitter. The rainfall sensor, the solar panel and the power transmitter are connected with the storage battery through electric wires, when rainfall reaches a certain threshold value, the rainfall sensor is excited, signals are transmitted to start the power transmitter, and therefore the two cleaners are driven to slide towards two sides from the top end of the interceptor, and dead branches and fallen leaves accumulated outside the interceptor are stripped and cleaned. The device simple structure, simple to operate can effectively intercept and clear away the dry branch fallen leaves of open-air runoff experiment district delivery port department, realizes runoff experiment district runoff, the science of silt sample, effective collection.
However, the existing experimental facilities (devices) related to soil erosion can only perform a single experiment, such as a scouring experiment or a rainfall simulation experiment, and at present, there is no multifunctional experimental device capable of performing scouring and artificial rainfall simulation experiments simultaneously, so that it is significant to invent the experimental device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for developing field slope soil erosion and hydrodynamics experiments, which organically combines a field water discharge scouring experiment and a manual rainfall simulation experiment to realize the purposes of multiple purposes and convenient disassembly and carrying of the device.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a field portable slope soil erosion experimental device suitable for karst regions comprises an experimental community main body formed by enclosing a plurality of spliced side baffles from two side faces, wherein a flow stabilizing plate is laid on the ground at the front end of an inlet of the community main body, a first water pump is arranged in front of the flow stabilizing plate and connected with a first water delivery pipe, the tail end of the first water delivery pipe is uniformly divided into a plurality of water outlets, and all the water outlets are arranged on the flow stabilizing plate side by side; a plurality of supporting rods are arranged on the side baffle, and the top ends of all the supporting rods support a whole rainfall plate with a spray head together to completely cover the upper part of the cell main body; the top of the rainfall board with the spray heads is a simple reservoir, the bottom of the rainfall board is provided with a plurality of spray heads, and a rain gauge is arranged below the spray heads; the rear part of the cell main body is provided with a trapezoidal gradually contracted flow guide bottom plate, flow guide plates are vertically arranged along two waists of the flow guide bottom plate, and a short bottom edge at the rear part of the flow guide bottom plate is connected with a flow collecting groove.
Furthermore, the side baffle is inserted into an underground 25cm enclosure, and the height above the ground is 30 cm; the side baffles are spliced by connecting buckles.
And a second water pump is further arranged outside the side baffle and supplies water to the simple reservoir at the top of the rainfall plate with the spray heads through an upward water conveying pipe.
Further, the flow stabilizing plate is made of ground glass material with a uniform surface.
Further aforementioned collection chute is square box structure, places in the tail end below of water conservancy diversion bottom plate, and its top flushes with the water conservancy diversion bottom plate and is equipped with the apron, is equipped with the water inlet on the apron, and the tail end of aforementioned water conservancy diversion bottom plate inserts in the water inlet.
The side baffle, the front baffle, the guide plate, the guide bottom plate, the flow collecting groove and the simple reservoir are all made of polypropylene.
The diameter of each water outlet is 0.5-1cm, and each water outlet is wrapped with gauze.
A flowmeter is further arranged on the first water conveying pipe.
The front baffle is further arranged at the front end of the inlet of the community main body and used for separating the current stabilizing plate from the community main body and carrying out artificial rainfall simulation experiments, and the front baffle and the side baffles are also connected through a connecting ring buckle.
The device is simple to assemble and disassemble, convenient to transport and carry, low in manufacturing cost, high in experimental accuracy, high in simulation degree, firm, stable and strong in popularization after being installed, can be used for carrying out various experiments, can be used for carrying out field scouring experiments when the baffle at the top of a cell is disassembled and is replaced by a ground glass flow stabilizing plate, can be used for installing an artificial rainfall device to carry out related experiments when the flow stabilizing plate is replaced by the baffle and encloses a runoff cell, and the number of the rainfall spray heads can be adjusted according to actual experiment requirements and the size of the cell to increase or reduce. The wind-proof curtain can be installed or disassembled according to actual experiment requirements. The whole device is very simple and has strong adaptability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the device of the present invention for increasing the front baffle during rainfall simulation.
Description of reference numerals: 1-water pump I, 2-water pipe I, 3-flowmeter, 4-water outlet, 5-flow stabilizer, 6-side baffle, 7-connecting buckle, 8-support rod, 9-guide plate, 10-guide bottom plate, 11-flow collecting groove, 12-rain falling plate, 13-rain measuring cylinder, 14-cover plate, 15-water inlet, 16-water pump II, 17-water pipe II and 18-front baffle.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the experimental device of the invention comprises a cell main body formed by enclosing a plurality of spliced side baffles 6 from two side surfaces, a flow stabilizing plate 5 is laid on the ground at the front end of an inlet of the cell main body, a first water pump 1 is arranged in front of the flow stabilizing plate 5, the first water pump 1 is connected with a first water delivery pipe 2, the tail end of the first water delivery pipe 2 is uniformly divided into a plurality of water outlets 4, and all the water outlets 4 are arranged on the flow stabilizing plate 5 side by side; a plurality of supporting rods 8 are arranged on the side baffle 6, and a whole rainfall plate 12 with a spray head is supported by the top ends of all the supporting rods 8 together to completely cover the upper part of the cell main body; the top of the rainfall plate 12 with the spray heads is a simple reservoir, the bottom of the rainfall plate is provided with a plurality of spray heads, and a rain gauge 13 is arranged below the spray heads; a trapezoidal gradually contracted flow guide bottom plate 10 is arranged behind the cell main body, flow guide plates 9 are vertically arranged along two waists of the flow guide bottom plate 10, and a flow collecting groove 11 is connected with the short bottom edge behind the flow guide bottom plate 10.
The first water pump 1 is used for supplying water for water discharge flushing and artificial rainfall, and the amount of discharged water can be controlled through adjustment. The water delivery pipe I2 and the water delivery pipe II 17 connect the water pump with a water outlet 4 of a water discharge scouring experiment or a spray head for artificial rainfall. Flowmeter 3 installs on raceway 2 for measure flow when flushing the experimental apparatus drains, both can obtain the experimental data of flow, also can adjust water pump 1 to contrast flowmeter 3 and our demand, in order to reach the control water yield, make the water yield accord with our experimental requirement and precision more.
During a water discharge scouring experiment, a plurality of water outlets 4 are arranged at the tail end of the water delivery pipe I2, one end of the water delivery pipe I2 is connected with the water pump I1, and the other end of the water delivery pipe I2 is connected with the water outlets 4. The water outlets 4 can adopt a multi-branch structure arranged on one water diversion pipe as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, each diameter of the water outlets 4 is 0.5-1cm, the water diversion pipe is provided with as many water outlets 4 as possible, and each water outlet 4 is wrapped with gauze, so that water flow can become stable and uniform flow. And the water outlet 4 is kept flush with the top end of the flow stabilizing plate 5, so that the water can be prevented from falling down.
The flow stabilizer 5 is installed to keep the flow stabilizer flush with the top of the community and tightly attached to the ground, the width of the flow stabilizer is equal to that of the community, and the flow stabilizer is installed in a side baffle 6 at the front end of the community to ensure that water flow passing through the surface of the flow stabilizer uniformly flows into a runoff community. The device has the functions of preventing water seepage, avoiding experimental errors caused by the infiltration of water flow, further preventing water from falling when the water flow flows down, and further ensuring the dispersibility and stability of the water flow. The material of the flow stabilizing plate 5 is frosted glass with uniform surface.
The side baffle 6 for building the runoff plot main body is inserted into the underground 25cm enclosure, and the height above the ground is 30 cm. The material is polypropylene. The side baffle 6 is spliced by the connecting ring buckle 7 connected with the side baffle, so that the community is convenient to disassemble, carry and transport, and the community main body is stable and firm and cannot be easily damaged. The connecting ring buckle 7 can adopt a metal ring buckle or a screw buckle and the like.
The guide plate 9 in runoff district is respectively one about the district tail end, links to each other with the side shield 6 in district through connecting latch closure 7, and two guide plate 9 slope installations form a trapezoidal appearance, can play the water conservancy diversion effect like this for silt rivers are difficult to the siltation, and then influence the experiment precision. The length of the guide plate 9 is larger than the waist length of the trapezoidal guide bottom plate 10, and the lower end of the guide plate is connected with the collecting groove 11. The material is polypropylene. The diversion bottom plate 10 is also made of polypropylene, the whole diversion bottom plate 10 is trapezoidal, the top end, namely the longer bottom edge, of the diversion bottom plate is flush with the lower part of a community, the diversion bottom plate is tightly attached to the ground, the middle parts of the two waists are respectively vertically connected with the two diversion plates 9, and the shorter bottom edge is connected with the flow collecting groove 11.
The water inlet 15 is equipped with at the apron 14 top in collection groove 11, and water inlet 15 links to each other with the water conservancy diversion mouth that water conservancy diversion bottom plate 10 and guide plate 9 enclose, and water conservancy diversion bottom plate 10 will stretch into water inlet 15 some with guide plate 9, prevents to have the water to leak out, and collection groove 11 is close to that side of district main part, and that side that also is the opening direction will set the slope form into, and this is in order to be favorable to the mass flow more, can effectually prevent remaining and piling up of sample. The material is polypropylene. The inlet of the collecting chute 11 can be arranged at the upper part of that side which is located at one side of the cell, which side is then arranged to be inclined, which facilitates the falling of the collected matter.
When the artificial rainfall simulation experiment is carried out, a runoff plot is isolated from a front flow stabilizing plate through a front baffle plate 18, and the front baffle plate 18 is connected with the side baffle plates 6 on two sides through a connecting ring buckle 7. A simple water tank is lapped through a support rod 8 above the runoff plot, and a rainfall spray head is arranged at the bottom of the simple water tank to form a rainfall plate 12 with the spray head. In fig. 1 and 2, in order to clear the structure of the display support rod 8, the length of the support rod 8 is stretched to make the support rod appear to be high, and in practice, the support rod 8 only needs to support the rainfall plate 12 with the spray head slightly higher than the top of the runoff plot. One end of the supporting rod 8 is connected with a rainfall plate 12 with a spray head, and the other end of the supporting rod is fixed on the ground or buried underground; the rainfall plates 12 with the spray heads can be connected through the connecting buckles 7 so as to be convenient to mount and dismount, and the rainfall plates 12 with the spray heads can well cover the top of a runoff plot. And in order to make the experiment accurate, can also install the windproof curtain on branch 8 according to the experiment needs, avoid the influence of wind to the experiment. The supporting rod 8 can adopt a metal sensing structure, and the top of the supporting rod can be connected with a rainfall plate 12 with a spray head by adopting a jacking mode, a threaded connection mode, a welding mode and the like. The nozzles of the nozzles below the rainfall plate 12 with the nozzles are uniformly distributed, and the nozzles can adjust the sizes of the nozzles to simulate different raindrops produced by different rains in the nature, so that the experiment is more accurate and tends to be more real. Rain gauges 13 are arranged below the spray heads of the rain plates 12 with the spray heads, the number of the rain gauges 13 is 3-4 that are arranged below each rain plate 12, the rain intensity and the rainfall are measured, and then the measured data are averaged. Through comparing each rain gauge 13, the raininess that we obtained is littleer with the information meeting error of rainfall, and the accuracy is higher to through the aperture of adjusting two 16 and shower nozzles of water pump, we can control rainfall and raininess in the required precision of our experiment, strengthen the credibility of experiment, reduce the error.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a be suitable for open-air portable domatic soil erosion experimental apparatus in karst area which characterized in that: the water-saving device comprises a cell main body formed by enclosing a plurality of spliced side baffles (6) from two side faces, wherein a flow stabilizing plate (5) is laid on the ground at the front end of an inlet of the cell main body, a water pump I (1) is arranged in front of the flow stabilizing plate (5), the water pump I (1) is connected with a water delivery pipe I (2), the tail end of the water delivery pipe I (2) is uniformly divided into a plurality of water outlets (4), and all the water outlets (4) are arranged on the; a plurality of supporting rods (8) are arranged on the side baffle (6), and the top ends of all the supporting rods (8) support a whole rainfall plate (12) with a spray head together to completely cover the upper part of the cell main body; the top of the rain falling plate (12) with the spray heads is a simple water storage tank, the bottom of the rain falling plate is provided with a plurality of spray heads, and a rain measuring cylinder (13) is arranged below the spray heads; a trapezoidal gradually contracted flow guide bottom plate (10) is arranged behind the cell main body, flow guide plates (9) are vertically arranged along two waists of the flow guide bottom plate (10), and a short bottom edge behind the flow guide bottom plate (10) is connected with a flow collecting groove (11).
2. The field portable slope soil erosion experimental device suitable for the karst region is characterized in that: the side baffle (6) is inserted into an underground 25cm fence, and the height above the ground is 30 cm; the side baffles (6) are spliced through connecting buckles (7).
3. The field portable slope soil erosion experimental device suitable for the karst region is characterized in that: and a second water pump (16) is arranged outside the side baffle (6), and the second water pump (16) supplies water to a simple reservoir at the top of the rainfall plate (12) with the spray heads through a second water conveying pipe (17) which is arranged upwards.
4. The field portable slope soil erosion experimental device suitable for the karst region is characterized in that: the flow stabilizing plate (5) is made of ground glass materials with uniform surfaces.
5. The field portable slope soil erosion experimental device suitable for the karst region is characterized in that: the flow collecting groove (11) is of a square box structure and is placed below the tail end of the flow guide bottom plate (10), the top of the flow collecting groove is flush with the flow guide bottom plate (10) and is provided with a cover plate (14), a water inlet (15) is formed in the cover plate (14), and the tail end of the flow guide bottom plate (10) is connected into the water inlet (15).
6. The field portable slope soil erosion experimental device suitable for the karst region is characterized in that: the side baffle (6), the front baffle (18), the guide plate (9), the guide bottom plate (10), the collecting groove (11) and the simple reservoir are all made of polypropylene.
7. The field portable slope soil erosion experimental device suitable for the karst region is characterized in that: each diameter of the water outlets (4) is 0.5-1cm, and each water outlet (4) is wrapped with gauze.
8. The field portable slope soil erosion experimental device suitable for the karst region is characterized in that: a flowmeter (3) is arranged on the water delivery pipe I (2).
9. The field portable slope soil erosion experimental device suitable for the karst region is characterized in that: the front baffle (18) is arranged at the front end of the inlet of the community main body and used for separating the current stabilizing plate (5) from the community main body for carrying out rainfall simulation experiments, and the front baffle (18) and the side baffles (6) are also connected through the connecting ring buckles (7).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111337420A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-06-26 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Outdoor composite erosion observation cell structure and application method thereof |
| CN111650115A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-09-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Device for researching rainfall factor soil erosion |
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