CN111650115B - Device for researching soil erosion of rain dropping factors - Google Patents
Device for researching soil erosion of rain dropping factors Download PDFInfo
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- CN111650115B CN111650115B CN202010727994.2A CN202010727994A CN111650115B CN 111650115 B CN111650115 B CN 111650115B CN 202010727994 A CN202010727994 A CN 202010727994A CN 111650115 B CN111650115 B CN 111650115B
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- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
Abstract
The application discloses a device for researching soil erosion of a rain drop factor, which comprises a lifting frame, a top arm, a rain disk, a rain drop screen, a turntable and a lysimeter; a top arm is transversely arranged on the lifting frame, and can move up and down along the lifting frame to change the height to the ground; a rain disc is arranged below the top arm, a plurality of water dripping nozzles are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the rain disc, the rain disc is connected with a water injection pipe, and a flow control valve is arranged on the water injection pipe; a detachable rain-dripping screen plate is arranged below the rain disk; the rain-drop net plate is formed by cross wires which are transversely and vertically crossed, spherical drainage protrusions are arranged at the crossing positions of the wires below the rain-drop net plate, and the mesh number of the rain-drop net plate is 8-35 meshes; the turntable comprises a swivel base and a swivel post; the device can simulate the research of rainfall raindrop kinetic energy on soil in a manual mode, and can research the influence on soil beating under different raindrop kinetic energy by changing the raindrop kinetic energy; provides convenience for researching the rain drop factors on soil erosion, and fills the gap in the field.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of research on the influence of raindrops on soil, in particular to a device for researching soil erosion of a raindrop factor.
Background
The kinetic energy of the raindrops refers to the energy generated when the raindrops fall, and can be obtained according to a calculation formula of the size of the raindrops and the falling speed of the raindrops.
Under the action of the impact force of raindrops (kinetic energy), the soil structure is destroyed; when raindrops drop on the soil surface, splash erosion and creeping can occur and migrate downwards along the slope, and the splash provides abundant loose particles for subsequent runoff transportation; raindrop splash promotes the surface runoff to occur in advance, and the runoff is increased; raindrops dissolve soluble nutrients, which can lead to loss of soil fertility; raindrop striking enhances the flocculation strength of the surface thin layer runoff, and causes rainfall erosion and the increase of the surface runoff sand conveying capacity; the sputtered material resulting from the sputtering attack provides a material basis for the erosion process that occurs thereafter. Because the rain drops strike the earth's surface as the primary motive force for splash erosion, the magnitude of the kinetic energy possessed by the rain drops affects the strength of the splash erosion. The influence factors of the raindrop kinetic energy are mainly the raindrop quality, the raindrop size and the raindrop landing speed, so the raindrop kinetic energy is an important parameter for influencing splash erosion.
By controlling the kinetic energy of the raindrops, the erosion of the raindrops under certain kinetic energy to the soil can be known by combining with the monitoring of a lysimeter, the development dynamics of water and soil resources can be quantitatively evaluated, the comprehensive treatment planning, the evaluation treatment scheme and measures can be guided, and the method has extremely important guiding significance for the improvement of the yield, the quality and the reasonable planting of agricultural planting.
The research on the influence of raindrop kinetic energy on soil can only be carried out by means of natural rainfall at present, and the natural rainfall is too many in unstable factors, such as rainfall capacity, rainfall duration, raindrop size, quality and other parameters, so that the parameters are difficult to artificially control or quantify, the research input period is too long, the obtained data is too single, and the research cost is high; secondly, due to seasonal influences, the study can only collect data in spring and summer, which further limits the progress of the influence of raindrop kinetic energy on soil.
Moreover, the erosion of the raindrop factors to the soil is researched, and a research result with more accurate evaluation can be obtained only through multiple experiments; and the comparison research is carried out by setting a plurality of groups of comparison groups under different parameters, so that the results of moisture characteristic curve, mobility of soil water, migration of substances in soil, adsorption effect and buffering property of soil, water balance analysis, percolate analysis, groundwater supply analysis, substance migration, substance conversion research, cultivation method research, energy balance research, simulation test correction, water flux research and the like are obtained, and a large number of influencing parameters are required to be adjusted for the research to carry out relatively accurate judgment, but the research cannot be realized in a short period of time by means of rainfall in nature. The method is also one of the reasons why the research on the erosion of soil by the kinetic energy of raindrops is always in the stagnation stage and does not have a larger breakthrough at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a device for researching soil erosion of a raindrop factor, which can simulate the research of raindrop kinetic energy on soil in a manual mode and can research the influence on soil impact under different raindrop kinetic energy by changing the raindrop kinetic energy; provides convenience for researching the rain drop factors on soil erosion, and fills the gap in the field.
A device for researching soil erosion of rain drop factors comprises a lifting frame, a top arm, a rain disk, a rain drop screen, a turntable and a lysimeter; a top arm is transversely arranged on the lifting frame, and can move up and down along the lifting frame to change the height to the ground;
a rain disc is arranged below the top arm, a plurality of water dripping nozzles are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the rain disc, the rain disc is connected with a water injection pipe, and a flow control valve is arranged on the water injection pipe;
a detachable rain-dripping screen plate is arranged below the rain pan, and a sponge with the thickness of 5-12mm is arranged above the rain-dripping screen plate; the rain-drop net plate is formed by cross wires which are transversely and vertically crossed, spherical drainage protrusions are arranged at the crossing positions of the wires below the rain-drop net plate, and the mesh number of the rain-drop net plate is 8-35 meshes;
the turntable comprises a swivel base and a swivel post; the rotary seat is of a ring groove structure, a shaft sleeve is arranged in the center of the rotary seat, the shaft sleeve is connected with the rotary seat through a connecting rod, an electric cabin is arranged at the top of the shaft sleeve, and the rotary seat is connected with the rotary column through the shaft sleeve, so that the rotary seat rotates around the rotary column;
a placing sheet is arranged in the ring groove of the rotary seat, and water seepage holes are uniformly formed in the placing sheet; the lysimeter is arranged on the placing sheet;
the carousel sets up in the crane side for the lysimeter is on same vertical straight line with the rain dish, rotates the swivel mount, realizes that the rain dish carries out the rainfall by the person to different lysimeters.
Preferably, the lifting frame comprises a base, a sliding rod, a screw rod and a motor; a motor is vertically and upwards arranged on the base, a motor rotor is connected with the screw rod, correspondingly, a threaded sleeve matched with the screw rod is arranged on the top arm, the screw rod is driven to move, and the top arm moves up and down along the screw rod; the base is provided with a sliding rod, the top arm is correspondingly provided with a shaft hole, and the sliding rod penetrates through the shaft hole to be connected with the top arm, so that the maintenance and stability of the top arm are realized; in order to improve the installation strength of the top arm, a pull rod is arranged on a threaded sleeve of the top arm and is connected with the free end of the top arm through a pull wire.
Preferably, the rain disk comprises a water storage disk, and a water dripping nozzle communicated with the water storage disk is arranged at the bottom of the water storage disk.
Preferably, the rain-drop screen is connected with the rain pan through two points, wherein one point is connected in a hinged mode, and the other point is connected in a locking pin mode, so that the rain-drop screen can be turned down and opened.
Further, the rain-drop net plate is provided with a plurality of spherical drainage protrusions below the rain-drop net plate, and the spherical drainage protrusions are of different sizes and range from 5mm to 15mm.
Preferably, a rotating wheel is arranged below the rotating disc.
Preferably, a water outlet is arranged on the rotary seat, and the water outlet is positioned at the bottom or the side edge of the rotary seat close to the bottom.
Preferably, the placing piece is connected with the swivel seat through a supporting rod, and the supporting sense height is 10-30mm.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
the application simulates the influence of raindrop factors on soil by means of artificial rain, has the advantage of adjustable kinetic energy and raindrops, and has great significance for researching the influence of raindrop kinetic energy on soil.
The artificial rain is difficult to simulate natural rainfall, the natural rainfall is characterized in that the rain drops fall to the ground through free falling bodies to impact soil, the artificial rain is characterized in that the artificial rain is in a drop-shaped structure by means of the dead weight of the rain drops, the artificial rain is difficult to form a stable drop-shaped structure and falls in a dead weight mode, because the conventional equipment can realize that the artificial rain falls to the ground by utilizing the gravity of water or pressing the artificial rain, and the natural rain falls to the ground in a strand (linear) form instead of falling in a drop-shaped structure; if the free drop of the water is accurately controlled, the requirement on the water supply speed of the water supply part is extremely high, if the water supply speed is too low, the stable drop requirement is difficult to form, and the water can be converged at the spray head to form water flow; if the water supply speed is too high, a water column is formed to drop, and the requirement on the water supply pressure is extremely high. The application ensures that water output by the ground water spray head is converted into a dripping form through the restrictive blocking of the water dripping screen plate by arranging the water dripping screen plate, wherein more important spherical drainage protrusions arranged on the water dripping screen plate can not only ensure that the size of water drops formed uniformly, but also lead the trend of the water, so that the water can drop uniformly in unit area and the problem of water convergence is not easy to occur.
The application is a system as a whole, the artificial rain is adjustable, and more effective data parameters can be obtained in a short period by adding the drip test to different lysimeters, so that the impact of the raindrop factors on soil is greatly improved, the controllable parameters are considered to be increased by artificial dripping, the research data are increased, and the application has a great effect on evaluating the development dynamics of water and soil resources, guiding comprehensive treatment planning, evaluating treatment schemes and measures and the like.
The design of the rotary seat can effectively simulate and acquire the information of the groundwater supply state, the infiltration capacity, the plant absorption capacity and the like, and has important significance for researching moisture characteristic curve, the mobility of soil water, the migration of substances in soil, the adsorption effect and the buffering property of the soil, water balance analysis, percolate analysis, groundwater supply analysis and the like.
The application can simulate and acquire the characteristics of different soils under the same parameters at one time and the characteristics under the same parameters, thereby providing more comprehensive and wide data for researching the influence of raindrops on the soil.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a lifting frame according to the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a rain pan structure according to the present application.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the rain screen of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the rain drop apparatus of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a turntable according to the present application.
Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the electric compartment and the rotary column of the present application.
In the figure, a lifting frame 1, a base 1-1, a sliding rod 1-2, a lead screw 1-3, a motor 1-4, a top arm 2, a screw sleeve 2-1, a rain pan 3, a water drop nozzle 3-1, a water drop net plate 4, a drainage boss 4-1, a rotary table 5, a rotary seat 5-1, a rotary column 5-2, a shaft sleeve 5-3, an electric cabin 5-4, a placing sheet 5-5 and a lysimeter 6.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The application designs a device for researching soil erosion of a rain drop factor, which mainly comprises a lifting frame 1, a top arm 2, a rain pan 3, a rain drop screen 4, a turntable 5 and a lysimeter 6; the main structure is as follows:
the rain dropping device mainly comprises a lifting frame 1, a top arm 2, a rain disk 3 and a rain dropping screen 4; a top arm 2 is transversely arranged on the lifting frame 1, and the top arm 2 can move up and down along the lifting frame 1 to change the height to the ground; a rain pan 3 for continuously supplying water is arranged below the top arm 2, the rain pan 3 is connected with a water injection pipe, a flow control valve is arranged on the water injection pipe, and the water injection pipe supplements water source for the rain pan 3, so that water in the rain pan 3 is kept in a full state; a plurality of water drop spray heads 3-1 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the rain pan 3, the water drop spray heads are communicated with the rain pan 3, and water entering the rain pan 3 is split by the water drop spray heads 3-1 to form a coverage surface; at this time, the water discharged from the ground water spray head is continuous water flow instead of discontinuous water drops, the water flow is different from the natural rainfall state, the influence on soil after striking the ground is also different, in order to solve the problem, a rain screen 4 is detachably arranged below a rain pan 3 and is replaced, and meanwhile, a sponge with the thickness of 7mm is arranged above the rain screen 4; the rain-drop net plate 4 is formed by cross net wires, and the mesh number of the rain-drop net plate 4 is 8-35 meshes; the sponge can separate continuous water flow (reduce the initial speed to zero), then the water is subjected to drip diversion by the rain-dripping screen plate, the water drops freely through the rain-dripping screen plate 4, and the drip state generated by the device is consistent with the generation in nature; because the water flowing out of the rain pan 3 has a certain pressure or intensity (the current spraying system cannot overcome the problem), and the rain in the nature falls on the ground purely by self gravity, in order to ensure that the raindrops manufactured by the device can be matched with the state of the natural rain to a high degree, the objective influence of experimental conditions on research is avoided, and therefore, the function of the raindrop screen 4 is to manufacture a core structure in a raindrop state; the spherical drainage convex 4-1 is arranged at the intersection of the mesh below the rain screen 4, the problem of water flow convergence can be effectively avoided by the drainage convex 4-1, raindrops can be shunted and dropped in a unit plane and are not easy to converge, otherwise, once water shunted by the rain pan 3 is converged, the water flows down in a stranding manner, serious deviation can be directly caused to the data of the corresponding lysimeter 6, in addition, the spherical structure is a guarantee for producing raindrop drops, the sharp end structure can lead to intensive water flow in drops or strips, and morphological deviation exists between the water drops and natural rainfall raindrops.
Wherein, the turntable 5 is used for bearing the lysimeter 6 and setting a comparison group; the turntable 5 comprises a swivel seat 5-1 and a swivel post 5-2; the rotary seat 5-1 is of a ring groove structure, the center of the rotary seat 5-1 is provided with a shaft sleeve 5-3, the shaft sleeve 5-3 is connected with the rotary seat 5-1 through a connecting rod, the top of the shaft sleeve 5-3 is provided with an electric cabin 5-4, related equipment accessory facilities for installing a lysimeter 6 are arranged in the electric cabin and are communicated with the shaft seat, and the problem of line winding when the rotary table 5 is solved; the swivel mount 5-1 is connected with the swivel post 5-2 through the shaft sleeve 5-3, so that the swivel mount 5-1 rotates around the swivel post 5-2; meanwhile, a placement piece 5-5 is arranged in the ring groove of the swivel base 5-1, and water seepage holes are uniformly formed in the placement piece 5-5; the lysimeter 6 is arranged on the placing sheet 5-5; the turntable 5 is rotated, so that the rain dripping device can carry out rain experiments on different lysimeters 6, scientific researchers can conveniently set a comparison group and carry out experimental study, water can be filled in the turntable 5-1, soil in the lysimeters 6 can absorb the water so as to simulate and study the supply of groundwater to the lysimeters 6, when the turntable 5-1 is not filled with water, the permeation mechanism of the lysimeters 6 can be studied through rain tests, and the data can be quantized, such as permeation quantity, permeation time, transfer of substances, absorption quantity and other parameters can be measured and embodied.
In the application, the turntable 5 is arranged at the side of the lifting frame 1, so that the lysimeter 6 and the rain pan 3 are on the same vertical straight line, the rotary seat 5-1 is rotated, the rain pan 3 carries out artificial rainfall on different lysimeters 6, the whole system has great significance for evaluating the development dynamics of water and soil resources, guiding comprehensive treatment planning, evaluating treatment scheme and measures, and the like, currently, more than 8200 groups of data are obtained through the system for the raindrop research of the lysimeter 6, the data (such as signals of a displacement sensor and a leakage sensor) measured by the lysimeter 6 are processed into digital signals through a signal amplifier, the digital signals are transmitted to a data collector in an RS485 mode to obtain data information, the data information is formed by measuring parameters and corresponding time of matched sensors such as evaporation capacity, leakage capacity and temperature, and the like, and the data are acquired from the data collector in real time or history through an RS232 mode by a computer to be arranged into data, curves and charts in standard formats for analysis and archiving of experimenters.
In the application, the lifting frame 1 comprises a base 1-1, a sliding rod 1-2, a screw rod 1-3 and a motor 1-4; the base 1-1 is vertically and upwards provided with a motor 1-4, a rotor of the motor 1-4 is connected with a screw 1-3 through a coupler, correspondingly, the top arm 2 is provided with a threaded sleeve 2-1 which is matched with the screw 1-3, the screw 1-3 is driven to move, the top arm 2 moves up and down along the screw 1-3, and the top arm is driven to move up and down according to a kinetic energy formula,Ep=1/2mv 2 And combine V =It is known that the kinetic energy of the raindrops is adjusted by changing the falling height of the raindrops; the base 1-1 is provided with a sliding rod 1-2, the corresponding top arm 2 is provided with a shaft hole, and the sliding rod 1-2 passes through the shaft hole to be connected with the top arm 2, so that the maintenance and stability of the top arm 2 are realized; in order to improve the installation strength of the top arm 2, a pull rod is arranged on a threaded sleeve 2-1 of the top arm 2 and is connected with the free end of the top arm 2 through a pull wire, in the application, a housing is arranged at a motor 1-4 position on a base 1-1, and the housing covers the motor 1-4 to avoid water inflow.
According to the application, the rain plate 3 comprises a water storage plate, the water storage plate can store the height of 3-5cm, the excessive pressure on the water outlet end is not easy to control, the bottom of the water storage plate is provided with a water dropping nozzle 3-1 communicated with the water storage plate, the top of the water storage plate is provided with a water filling port, and the water filling port is connected with a water filling pipe.
In the application, the rain screen 4 is connected with the rain pan 3 through two points, one of the points is connected in a hinged mode, and the other point is connected in a locking pin mode, so that the rain screen 4 can be turned down and opened, and different rain screens 4 can be replaced; the rain screen 4 is provided with a plurality of spherical drainage protrusions 4-1 below the rain screen 4, which have different sizes and range from 5mm to 15mm, so that the size of the raindrops can be regulated and controlled, the quality of the raindrops can be regulated and controlled, and the impact of the raindrops on soil under different parameters is researched, so that the kinetic energy of the raindrops can be changed by changing the size of the drainage protrusions within a certain range; for the measurement of raindrop velocity, a high-speed camera may be used for monitoring. The height of the lifting frame is adjustable, and after the rain screen is determined, the kinetic energy of the raindrops at different heights can be measured in advance, so that the data can be rapidly acquired in the experiment.
In the present application, a rotating wheel is provided below the turntable 5. Meanwhile, a water outlet (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the swivel seat 5-1, and the water outlet is positioned at the bottom or the side edge of the swivel seat 5-1 close to the bottom.
In the application, the placing piece is connected with the rotary seat 5-1 through the supporting rod, the supporting sense height is 10-30mm, and the purpose of placing the piece is to better study the penetration effect.
In the application, in order to better measure the absorption and penetration of moisture, scale marks are arranged on the rotary seat 5-1.
When the application is implemented, (when the rain plate 3 works) water is injected into the rain plate 3, normal pressure should be used for inflow, the water supplementing water pressure should not exceed 0.28MPa, otherwise, the rain net plate 4 is invalid, negative pressure is not generated in the rain net plate 4, and normal outflow of water is seriously disturbed. The distance between the rain screen 4 and the rain pan 3 is optimally about 50 mm.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present application, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present application and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A device for researching soil erosion of rain drop factors comprises a lifting frame, a top arm, a rain disk, a rain drop screen, a turntable and a lysimeter; the method is characterized in that:
a top arm is transversely arranged on the lifting frame, and can move up and down along the lifting frame to change the height to the ground;
a rain disc is arranged below the top arm, a plurality of water dripping nozzles are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the rain disc, the rain disc is connected with a water injection pipe, and a flow control valve is arranged on the water injection pipe;
a detachable rain-dripping screen plate is arranged below the rain pan, and a sponge with the thickness of 5-12mm is arranged above the rain-dripping screen plate; the rain-drop net plate is formed by cross wires which are transversely and vertically crossed, spherical drainage protrusions are arranged at the crossing positions of the wires below the rain-drop net plate, and the mesh number of the rain-drop net plate is 8-35 meshes;
the turntable comprises a swivel base and a swivel post; the rotary seat is of a ring groove structure, a shaft sleeve is arranged in the center of the rotary seat, the shaft sleeve is connected with the rotary seat through a connecting rod, an electric cabin is arranged at the top of the shaft sleeve, and the rotary seat is connected with the rotary column through the shaft sleeve, so that the rotary seat rotates around the rotary column;
a placing sheet is arranged in the ring groove of the rotary seat, and water seepage holes are uniformly formed in the placing sheet; the lysimeter is arranged on the placing sheet;
the carousel sets up in the crane side for the lysimeter is on same vertical straight line with the rain dish, rotates the swivel mount, realizes that the rain dish carries out the rainfall by the person to different lysimeters.
2. A device for studying rain factor soil erosion as defined in claim 1, wherein: the lifting frame comprises a base, a sliding rod, a screw rod and a motor; a motor is vertically and upwards arranged on the base, a motor rotor is connected with the screw rod, correspondingly, a threaded sleeve matched with the screw rod is arranged on the top arm, the screw rod is driven to move, and the top arm moves up and down along the screw rod; the base is provided with a sliding rod, the top arm is correspondingly provided with a shaft hole, and the sliding rod penetrates through the shaft hole to be connected with the top arm, so that the maintenance and stability of the top arm are realized; in order to improve the installation strength of the top arm, a pull rod is arranged on a threaded sleeve of the top arm and is connected with the free end of the top arm through a pull wire.
3. A device for studying rain factor soil erosion as defined in claim 1, wherein: the rain disk comprises a water storage disk, and a water dripping nozzle communicated with the water storage disk is arranged at the bottom of the water storage disk.
4. A device for studying rain factor soil erosion as defined in claim 1, wherein: the rain-dripping screen is connected with the rain pan through two points, one of the points is connected in a hinged mode, and the other point is connected in a locking pin mode, so that the rain-dripping screen can be turned down and opened.
5. The apparatus for studying rain factor soil erosion of claim 4, wherein: the rain-drop net plate is provided with a plurality of spherical drainage protrusions below the rain-drop net plate, and the spherical drainage protrusions are of different sizes and range from 5mm to 15mm.
6. A device for studying rain factor soil erosion as defined in claim 1, wherein: and a rotating wheel is arranged below the rotating disc.
7. The apparatus for studying rain factor soil erosion of claim 6, wherein: the rotary seat is provided with a water outlet, and the water outlet is positioned at the bottom of the rotary seat or at the position of the side edge close to the bottom.
8. A device for studying rain factor soil erosion as defined in claim 1, wherein: the placing piece is connected with the rotating seat through a supporting rod, and the height of the supporting rod is 10-30mm.
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CN112393847A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-02-23 | 重庆阿泰可科技股份有限公司 | Rain box capable of accurately controlling rainfall and test method for accurately controlling rainfall by rain box |
CN112164300B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-07-30 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Raindrop splash demonstration device under interaction of wind direction and soil inclination angle |
CN112378805B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-08-09 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Simulation system for researching raindrop factor soil erosion condition creation |
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