CN105043910A - Underwater slope eroding tester under effect of reciprocating shifting waterhead - Google Patents
Underwater slope eroding tester under effect of reciprocating shifting waterhead Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an underwater slope eroding tester under the effect of a reciprocating shifting waterhead, particularly to simulation of an erosion process under the effect of the reciprocating shifting waterhead. The tester comprises: an underwater slope seepage erosion mechanism for forming an underwater slope for seepage erosion; and a reciprocating shifting waterhead water-supply mechanism providing and controlling the reciprocating shifting waterhead for the slope. A contrast test is performed by varying the working condition of the reciprocating shifting waterhead, and the process of slope erosion is observed, so that a rule that seepage affects the slope erosion under the effect of the reciprocating shifting waterhead is obtained. Compared to the prior art, different types of reciprocating shifting waterheads are provided, and the dynamic process of the reciprocating shifting waterhead can be self-defined according to requirements of a user. Processes of migration and deformation of soil particles of the slope, and the sand amount of slope erosion are observed in time in the experiment, so that the mechanical mechanism of deformation of underwater slope erosion under the effect of the reciprocating shifting waterhead is analyzed. The tester is simple and convenient to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test unit of Simulated Water Caused by Sloping Surfaces erosion process, especially relate to the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under the effect of a kind of reciprocal variation head.
Background technology
Engineering circles generally believes, stable high water head seepage flow is the main cause causing the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water.Meanwhile, also a large amount of domatic seepage inflow erosion is there is in Practical Project, its seepage flow gradient is also little, but really there is the feature of back and forth variation in its seepage flow head, this has caused the concern of a large amount of scholar and engineering circles, how the erosion caused by sloping surfaces mechanism under water under reciprocal variation head effect is studied, become one of hydraulic engineering, offshore engineering, oceanographic engineering construction field important topic urgently to be resolved hurrily.But also lack at present both at home and abroad the research to the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under reciprocal variation head effect, most test is all the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water be only directed under constant head effect.In order to the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under the head effect for back and forth variation is studied, in the urgent need to analyzing in conjunction with simple indoor model test, gordian technique is wherein the head how effectively simulation back and forth changes, and not yet finds the report of such analogue means at present.
Chinese patent CN101299306 discloses a kind of experimental technique and seepage apparatus of seepage flow-dome flow coupled erosion process of water and soil conservation experimental technique, in traditional overland flow erosion experiment technical foundation, theoretical according to osmotic control, head and sectional type method of supplying water are determined in application classification, increase can provide and control the device of seepage flow, while making to discharge water and carrying out overland flow erosion test, there is the steady seepage of overland flow supply soil water (infiltrating) or soil water supply overland flow (reverse osmosis) on domatic.In this patent, current head is not reciprocal variation, can not study deforming of the slope process under water.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention be exactly in order to overcome above-mentioned prior art exist defect and the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under the effect of a kind of reciprocal variation head is provided, dissimilar reciprocal variation seepage flow head is provided, its dynamic process can require self-defined according to user, in test can real-time monitored domatic soil particle migration, deformation process and the husky amount process of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces, and then the deformation mechanical mechanism of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water analyzed under back and forth variation head effect, implement simple, easy to operate, be mainly used in the theoretical research of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under back and forth variation head effect, and the science safeguard procedures compliance test result domatic under water in engineering.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under the effect of reciprocal variation head, comprising:
Domatic seepage inflow erosion mechanism under water, is formed and is used for the domatic of seepage inflow erosion under water;
Reciprocal variation head water supply mechanism, provides to domatic and control back and forth to change head;
Change back and forth variation head operating mode and carry out contrast test, observation erosion processes, seepage flow under back and forth variation head effect can be obtained to the affecting laws of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces.
Described reciprocal variation head water supply mechanism comprises permeable antipriming pipe, connecting hose, seepage flow supply tank and exciting assembly, described permeable antipriming pipe is distributed under water on domatic seepage inflow erosion actuator base, described connecting hose is communicated with permeable antipriming pipe and seepage flow supply tank, during test, supply water in seepage flow supply tank, described exciting assembly moves back and forth up and down in the water of seepage flow supply tank.
Described permeable antipriming pipe lateral wall circumference has hole, and outsourcing filter screen.
Described exciting assembly comprises the excitation vibrator, connecting link and the water level regulating part that connect successively, and under the driving of excitation vibrator, described water level regulating part moves back and forth up and down in the water of seepage flow supply tank.
Described domatic seepage inflow erosion mechanism under water comprises the soil bin and slope control plate that are obliquely installed, soil bin is divided into domatic space and the husky space of collection by described slope control plate, lay sand-gravel cushion and the test soil body from the bottom to top successively in described domatic space, back and forth variation head water supply mechanism provides to sand-gravel cushion and controls back and forth to change head.
Also comprise soil bin bracket and lifting jack, described soil bin bracket one end is provided with rotating shaft, and the other end connects lifting jack, and described domatic seepage inflow erosion mechanism is under water positioned on soil bin bracket.
The end face of described sand-gravel cushion is levelling with coarse sand, and and lays filter screen between the test soil body.
Also comprise the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism, the husky space bottom of described collection is provided with the husky hole of the collection being communicated with the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism, and the plate top of the domatic and slope control plate of the described test soil body is concordant, and the sediment yield on slope in test falls into the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism through collecting husky hole.
Described the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism comprises sand-collecting cylinder and sand-collecting cylinder bottom valve, and the husky hole of described sand-collecting cylinder one end connected set, the other end connects sand-collecting cylinder bottom valve, and sand-collecting cylinder side is provided with volume markings line.
Also be provided with in funnelform two pieces of husky swash plates of collection in the husky space of described collection, described two pieces of husky holes of the husky swash plate bottom alignment collection of collection.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1) on traditional the erosion caused by sloping surfaces test method under water basis, add the reciprocal variation head water supply mechanism that can provide and control back and forth to change head, intuitively can reproduce the erosion processes under water under reciprocal head effect, domatic soil body thickness is identical simultaneously, this makes the leakage slope of erosion test initial time identical on domatic everywhere, so domatic any leakage slope upper can describe whole domatic.Therefore, change back and forth variation head operating mode and carry out contrast test, observation erosion processes, can obtain seepage flow under back and forth variation head effect to the affecting laws of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces, and be easy to transformation, reliability is strong, and applicability is wide.
2) excitation vibrator is adopted to drive water level regulating part to move back and forth up and down in the water of seepage flow supply tank, easily realize the reciprocal variation characteristic of seepage flow head, simple structure, cost is low, easy to operate, the dynamic process of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under back and forth variation head effect can be reproduced, can be applicable to back and forth to change the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Mechanism Study under water under head effect.
3) the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism surveys the erosion sand amount reading the domatic soil body in real time, is easy to the erosion process that quantitative observation is domatic under water, is beneficial to and studies the deformation mechanical mechanism of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under the effect of reciprocal variation head.
4) soil bin bracket is set bottom soil bin, under the effect of lifting jack jacking force, realizes the slight slope gradient free adjustment in soil bin, conveniently carry out organizing contrast test more.
5) sand-gravel cushion plays the pulsating water pressure in accumulation seepage flow water, buffering seepage flow water supply process, the head testing soil layer seepage flow bottom boundaries is stablized, filter screen leaks under preventing the fine sand of top soil body filler and enters bed course, sand-gravel cushion end face can be levelling with coarse sand, be beneficial to laying and the filling of the top soil body of stainless steel filtering net, thus realize the simulation of the domatic soil body under water, reliably carrying out of warranty test.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the husky structural scheme of mechanism of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces collection in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that the seepage flow water supply distribution pipeline be made up of permeable antipriming pipe in the present invention arranges schematic diagram.
In figure: 1, soil bin, 2, test soil sample, 3, stainless steel cloth, 4, sand-gravel cushion, 5, slope control plate, 6, collect husky swash plate, 7, permeable antipriming pipe, 8, sand-collecting cylinder, 9, sand-collecting cylinder bottom valve, 10, overflow lip, 11, connecting hose, 12, piezometric tube, 13, seepage flow supply tank, 14, water level regulating part, 15, seep water flow valve, and 16, connecting link, 17, excitation vibrator, 18, joint sleeve, 19, osmotic control valve, 20, soil bin bracket, 21, rotating shaft, 22, lifting jack, 23, arc-shaped limit plate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.The present embodiment is implemented premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under the effect of a kind of reciprocal variation head comprises domatic seepage inflow erosion mechanism, back and forth variation head water supply mechanism and the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism under water, and concrete annexation is as follows:
Domatic seepage inflow erosion mechanism comprises soil bin 1 and slope control plate 5 under water, soil bin 1 is obliquely installed, soil bin 1 is divided into two spaces by slope control plate 5, and side is for domatic domatic space of banketing, and opposite side is the husky space of collection for collecting the erosion caused by sloping surfaces silt.The test soil body 2 is placed in the domatic space of soil bin 1, and the test soil body 2 can be that on-the-spot original state fetches earth, and also can be fill the soil body by designing requirement.Sand-gravel cushion 4 is provided with below the test soil body 2, its sandy gravel particle diameter is 2 ~ 10mm, its top and slope body are tested between the soil body 2 and are laid one deck filter screen, stainless steel cloth 3 is adopted in the present embodiment, size of mesh 0.025 ~ 0.05mm, object leaks under preventing the fine sand of top soil body filler to enter sand-gravel cushion 4; For the clay particle that particle diameter is very little, owing to having stronger cohesive force, the lower leakage impact of clay particle can be ignored.Sand-gravel cushion 4 end face can be levelling with coarse sand, is beneficial to laying and the filling of the top soil body of stainless steel cloth 3.
As shown in Figure 2, the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism comprises sand-collecting cylinder 8 and sand-collecting cylinder bottom valve 9, collect husky space bottom and be provided with two pieces of husky swash plates 6 of collection and the husky hole of collection, two pieces of husky swash plates of collection 6 are funnel-form and the husky hole of bottom alignment collection, the erosion caused by sloping surfaces silt can be made more easily to concentrate in together, joint sleeve 18 is provided with in the husky hole of collection bottom two pieces of husky swash plates 6 of collection, sand-collecting cylinder 8 is collected husky swash plate 6 by joint sleeve 18 be connected with two piece, and there is volume markings line sand-collecting cylinder 8 side, the soil body 2 is domatic is positioned at same plane for slope control plate 5 plate top and test, domatic soil particle can glide and cross slope control plate 5 in erosion process, enter sand-collecting cylinder 8, therefore the erosion caused by sloping surfaces sand amount can be read in real time in erosion test process.
Soil bin 1 can be placed in soil bin bracket 20, soil bin bracket 20 one end is provided with rotating shaft 21, the other end connects lifting jack 22, and soil bin bracket 20 rotates around rotating shaft 21 under the effect of lifting jack 22 jacking force, thus realizes freely adjusting of the slight slope gradient in soil bin 1.The top of lifting jack 22 is constrained in arc-shaped limit plate 23 simultaneously, anti-sliding stop.
Reciprocal variation head water supply mechanism comprises permeable antipriming pipe 7, connecting hose 11, seepage flow supply tank 13 and exciting assembly, permeable antipriming pipe 7 is evenly arranged in sand-gravel cushion 4, its seepage flow is supplied water evenly, and as shown in Figure 3, seepage flow water supply distribution pipeline is I-shaped.Desirable 1.0 ~ the 3.5cm of permeable antipriming pipe 7 diameter, is fixed on bottom soil bin 1, and stretches out 3 ~ 10cm after soil bin 1 relevant position perforate, is convenient to connecting hose 11, and the other end of connecting hose 11 connects seepage flow supply tank 13 by osmotic control valve 19.Permeable antipriming pipe 7 side-wall hole, aperture 1 ~ 3mm, pitch of holes 3 ~ 6cm, and outsourcing filter screen, prevent silt from entering.Being communicated with piezometric tube 12 bottom seepage flow supply tank 13, supplying water by oozing out flow valve simultaneously.Exciting assembly comprises excitation vibrator 17, connecting link 16 and water level regulating part 14, excitation vibrator 17 is connected with water level regulating part 14 through rigid connecting rod 16, water level regulating part 14 is partly dipped in water, water level is back and forth changed by moving up and down of water level regulating part 14, for test provides the acting head of back and forth variation, pumping by encouraging vibrator 17 to control of water level regulating part 14, can provide the forms of motion of sine excitation, pulse excitation and random excitation, its amplitude, frequency are all adjustable.
According to test demand, the aperture of adjustable infiltration flow valve 15, make water supply flow slightly larger than infiltration flow, unnecessary water will overflow from seepage flow supply tank 13.Moving up and down of water level regulating part 14, can make the water level in seepage flow supply tank 13 back and forth change, and peak level flushes with seepage flow supply tank 13 top, and when water level regulating part 14 is upwards put to extreme higher position, the water level in seepage flow supply tank 13 drops down onto minimum.The seepage flow that seepage flow supply tank 13 provides back and forth changes head, intuitively can read from piezometric tube 12, also can bury pore pressure gauge underground in sand-gravel cushion 4 and monitor.The change amplitude that seepage flow back and forth changes head is Fig. 1 middle water level difference △ h, and its average seepage flow head is Fig. 1 middle water level difference △ H.
In the present embodiment, the interior empty size of soil bin 1 comprises: (slope length direction) is long is 50cm, and wide is 20cm, and height is 80cm.Soil bin 1 side and base plate are transparent toughened glass, and to provide the use of the shooting in test with observation, tempered glass thickness is 10mm.Soil bin 1 arranges overflow lip 10 on collection side, husky space, and in process of the test, water is flowed out by overflow lip 10.Seepage flow supply tank 13 is the cylinder of interior empty diameter 10cm, height 50cm, and water level regulating part 14 is the right cylinder of diameter 8cm, height 10cm, and density is close to the density of water.Excitation vibrator 17 orders about water level regulating part 14 in the vertical direction and produces the shift reciprocately of 1cm ~ 7cm, can realize the change amplitude that seepage flow back and forth changes head and reach 2 ~ 12cm, and scope can continuously adjustabe, meets the test demand of back and forth variation head.In soil bin 1 tilting procedure, the horizontal soil face of filling in it will become inclination gradually, until the gradient on the required slope of test, and this gradient continuously adjustabe 0 ° ~ 50 °.
The course of work of this device:
1) regulate lifting jack 22 until the complete level of the base plate of soil bin 1, sand-gravel cushion 4 is laid bottom soil bin 1, filling-up thickness is 7cm, with the levelling rear laying one deck stainless steel cloth 3 of coarse sand, then layered backfill, the filling test soil body 2 length 45cm, thickness 12cm, test the plate top of the soil body 2 end face a little more than slope control plate 5, to offset the sedimentation occurred in the test soil body 2 saturation history;
2) close sand-collecting cylinder bottom valve 9, supply water at a slow speed to soil bin 1 from connecting hose 11, till filling it up with, when the soil body 2 water cut to be tested reaches testing requirements saturation degree, erosion test can be carried out to domatic discharging water, such as, can test after saturated 2 days;
3) lifting jack 22 is regulated at a slow speed, until the slight slope degree of tilt after soil bin 1 inclination reaches design load;
4) with the plate top of slope control plate 5 for benchmark, remove the domatic unnecessary test soil body 2, then open sand-collecting cylinder bottom valve 9, the silt in sand-collecting cylinder 8 is discharged, until be clear water in sand-collecting cylinder 8, closedown sand-collecting cylinder bottom valve 9;
5) close osmotic control valve 19, run excitation vibrator 17, make water level regulating part 14 be positioned at minimum point, till adding water to spilling to seepage flow supply tank 13;
6) vertical position of seepage flow supply tank 13 is adjusted, until average seepage flow head △ H meets design requirement;
7) excitation vibrator 17 power supply is opened, after required excited vibration amplitude, frequency parameter are set, start vibration, and open infiltration flow valve 15 and osmotic control valve 19 simultaneously, regulate infiltration flow valve 15, make water supply flow slightly larger than flow needed for seepage flow, namely water level regulating part 14 moves up and down in process, has a small amount of water and overflows from seepage flow supply tank 13;
8) the seepage flow head moved up and down producing back and forth variation of water level regulating part 14, to be etched gradually at this reciprocal variation head effect Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil body, corrode produce silt can downward landing to sand-collecting cylinder 8, thus the erosion sand amount reading the domatic soil body can be surveyed in real time, also can make a video recording in test and gather domatic soil particle migration, deformation process.
The mechanical mechanism research of the distortion of husky slope erosion is under water river, coastal waters, seashore and seafloor topography develop one of important topic of inherent mechanism research, and the soil body under especially tangential current and seepage flow synergy corrodes inherent mechanism research urgently to be carried out.The present invention proposes the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under the effect of a kind of reciprocal variation head, object improves traditional seepage flow test device, apply to domatic erosion test under water, and the test of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under being specially adapted for back and forth changing head effect: with the reciprocal variation head power encouraging vibrator 17 to provide dissimilar, its dynamic process can be self-defined as requested; With domatic deformation process for information acquisition data, analyze back and forth variation head action characteristic and the mechanism of the mechanical function under water between deforming of the slope process and rule with this under water.The enforcement of this device, for the seepage effect test of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water provides more professional test unit, achievement in research can improve deforming of the slope procedural theory under water further, and can be applicable to domatic science protection under water.
Claims (10)
1. back and forth change the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under head effect, comprising:
Domatic seepage inflow erosion mechanism under water, is formed and is used for the domatic of seepage inflow erosion under water;
It is characterized in that, also comprise:
Reciprocal variation head water supply mechanism, provides to domatic and control back and forth to change head;
Change back and forth variation head operating mode and carry out contrast test, observation erosion processes, seepage flow under back and forth variation head effect can be obtained to the affecting laws of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces.
2. the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under a kind of reciprocal variation head according to claim 1 effect, it is characterized in that, described reciprocal variation head water supply mechanism comprises permeable antipriming pipe (7), connecting hose (11), seepage flow supply tank (13) and exciting assembly, described permeable antipriming pipe (7) is distributed under water on domatic seepage inflow erosion actuator base, described connecting hose (11) is communicated with permeable antipriming pipe (7) and seepage flow supply tank (13), during test, supply water in seepage flow supply tank (13), described exciting assembly moves back and forth up and down in the water of seepage flow supply tank (13).
3. the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under a kind of reciprocal variation head according to claim 2 effect, is characterized in that, described permeable antipriming pipe (7) lateral wall circumference has hole, and outsourcing filter screen.
4. the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under a kind of reciprocal variation head according to claim 2 effect, it is characterized in that, described exciting assembly comprises the excitation vibrator (17), connecting link (16) and the water level regulating part (14) that connect successively, under the driving of excitation vibrator (17), described water level regulating part (14) moves back and forth up and down in the water of seepage flow supply tank (13).
5. the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under a kind of reciprocal variation head according to claim 1 effect, it is characterized in that, described domatic seepage inflow erosion mechanism under water comprises the soil bin (1) and slope control plate (5) that are obliquely installed, soil bin (1) is divided into domatic space and the husky space of collection by described slope control plate (5), lay sand-gravel cushion (4) and the test soil body (2) in described domatic space from the bottom to top successively, back and forth variation head water supply mechanism provides to sand-gravel cushion (4) and controls back and forth to change head.
6. the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water according to claim 1 or 5 under the effect of a kind of reciprocal variation head, it is characterized in that, also comprise soil bin bracket (20) and lifting jack (22), described soil bin bracket (20) one end is provided with rotating shaft (21), the other end connects lifting jack (22), and described domatic seepage inflow erosion mechanism is under water positioned on soil bin bracket (20).
7. the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under a kind of reciprocal variation head according to claim 5 effect, is characterized in that, the end face of described sand-gravel cushion (4) is levelling with coarse sand, and and lays filter screen between the test soil body (2).
8. the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under a kind of reciprocal variation head according to claim 5 effect, it is characterized in that, also comprise the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism, the husky space bottom of described collection is provided with the husky hole of the collection being communicated with the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism, the described test soil body (2) domatic concordant with the plate top of slope control plate (5), the sediment yield on slope in test falls into the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism through collecting husky hole.
9. the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under a kind of reciprocal variation head according to claim 8 effect, it is characterized in that, described the erosion caused by sloping surfaces Ji Sha mechanism comprises sand-collecting cylinder (8) and sand-collecting cylinder bottom valve (9), the husky hole of described sand-collecting cylinder (8) one end connected set, the other end connects sand-collecting cylinder bottom valve (9), and sand-collecting cylinder (8) side is provided with volume markings line.
10. the test unit of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces under water under a kind of reciprocal variation head according to claim 8 effect, it is characterized in that, also be provided with in the funnelform two pieces of husky swash plate of collection (6) in the husky space of described collection, described two pieces of husky holes of collection husky swash plate (6) bottom alignment collection.
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| CN108088787A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-29 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of slope surface continues the simulator and analogy method of the soil erosion of saturation infiltration |
| CN109374491A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-02-22 | 中国海洋大学 | Simulate the water tank device that sea bed liquefaction seepage power supports lower sediment gravity flow process |
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| CN109374491A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-02-22 | 中国海洋大学 | Simulate the water tank device that sea bed liquefaction seepage power supports lower sediment gravity flow process |
| CN109374491B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-12-29 | 中国海洋大学 | Basin device for simulating gravity flow process of sediment supported by seabed liquefaction seepage force |
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