CN105675471A - Multi-angle diameter-variable type Darcy seepage experiment device - Google Patents

Multi-angle diameter-variable type Darcy seepage experiment device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105675471A
CN105675471A CN201610126998.9A CN201610126998A CN105675471A CN 105675471 A CN105675471 A CN 105675471A CN 201610126998 A CN201610126998 A CN 201610126998A CN 105675471 A CN105675471 A CN 105675471A
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China
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seepage
reducing
seepage flow
flow
angle
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高林
马传明
和泽康
张程贻
孙毅
李涛
魏超
曹策
曾圆梦
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China University of Geosciences
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China University of Geosciences
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N13/00Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
    • G01N13/04Investigating osmotic effects

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-angle diameter-variable type Darcy seepage experiment device. The multi-angle diameter-variable type Darcy seepage experiment device comprises a supporting unit, a flow speed adjusting unit, an angle adjusting unit, a diameter-variable seepage unit and a pressure measuring unit, wherein the flow speed adjusting unit at least comprises a hoisting mechanism and a water overflowing box; the flow speed of water is adjusted by adjusting the height of the water overflowing box by the hoisting mechanism; the angle adjusting unit comprises a seepage column bracket and a supporting plate; the supporting plate is hinged and fixed onto the seepage column bracket; the diameter-variable seepage unit comprises a water outlet hose, a flow meter and a diameter-variable seepage cavity; the diameter-variable seepage cavity is a columnar container with the inner cavity size gradually changing along the axis, and is fixed on the supporting plate; an inlet of the diameter-variable seepage cavity is connected with a water inlet hose and an outlet of the diameter-variable seepage cavity is connected with the water outlet hose; the flow meter is mounted on the water outlet hose; and seepage pressure is measured through the pressure measuring unit. The device provided by the invention is simple to operate, has relatively small errors, and can be used for adjusting the flow speed of water and a device deflection angle, and probing influences on Darcy seepage experiments of the flow speed of water and a seepage angle.

Description

A kind of multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of darcy flow experimental provision, belong to hydrogeology experimental provision technical field.
Background technology
In many research fields such as hydrogeology and engineering geological investigation, hydrogeochemistry, hydrological statistics, being required for knowing moisture movement situation in hydrogeology, it is an important ring in hazards control, underground water pollution preventing and treating that the moisture movement rule in the media such as soil is studied. One of important parameter as soil water movement rule, hydrogeology correlational study can be played facilitation with comprehensive by the accuracy of osmotic coefficient investigating numerical value.
Infiltration coefficient can be measured by number of ways, in real work, has three kinds of methods the more commonly used: field measuring, experimental determination, or according to learning experience or the semi-empirical approach of model assessment in grain diameter, particle size distribution rule or simple water. Three kinds of methods are compared, and experimental determination has more advantages. As the main tool of experimental determination, darcy flow experimental provision affects the mensuration of infiltration coefficient.
In recent years, occur in that the device of big measurement infiltration coefficient both at home and abroad, such as, a kind of soil permeability coefficient determinator developed by forefathers, it can measure the soil sample infiltration coefficient that specific device holds, level scale can be passed through and read water filling volume, but this device can not regulate flow rate of water flow and experimental provision angle, it is impossible to measure infiltration coefficient comprehensively.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision, scalable flow rate of water flow and device drift angle are provided, probe into the impact that darcy flow is tested by flow rate of water flow and point of view of seepage flow.
Realizing the technical scheme that the object of the invention adopts is, a kind of multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision, including support unit, flow rate regulating unit, angle regulating unit, reducing permeable unit and pressure measuring unit;Described support unit includes base and the overflow tank support being vertically arranged on base; Described flow rate regulating unit includes elevating mechanism, overflow tank, water supply hose, faucet and three way cock, and three interfaces of three way cock connect with faucet, overflow tank and water supply hose respectively; Described angle regulating unit includes seepage flow column holder and gripper shoe, and seepage flow column holder is vertically arranged on base, and gripper shoe is hingeably secured on seepage flow column holder; Described reducing permeable unit includes delivery hose, effusion meter and reducing seepage cavity, described reducing seepage cavity is the inner chamber size column shape container along axis gradual change, reducing seepage cavity is fixed in gripper shoe, the entrance of reducing seepage cavity is connected with water supply hose, export and be connected with delivery hose, and effusion meter is installed on delivery hose; Described pressure measuring unit includes pressure measurement plate, fine and close gauze and the manometric module constituted that is linked in sequence by pressure-measuring pipe, connector and seepage flow pipe, pressure measurement plate is provided with altitude scale, pressure-measuring pipe is installed on pressure measurement plate, the arrival end of seepage flow pipe is fixed in reducing seepage cavity, and fine and close gauze is wrapped in seepage flow pipe and is fixed in the part in reducing seepage cavity.
Described reducing seepage cavity is consisted of connecting tube connection 2 reducing seepage flow posts, and the truncated rectangular pyramids that described reducing seepage flow post is horizontal positioned describes device, and the two ends of connecting tube are individually fixed in two reducing seepage flow cylinders and amass on maximum end face.
The top cover of reducing seepage flow post is removable cover, in the inner chamber of top cover embedding reducing seepage flow post and by sealing ring and inner chamber interference fit.
Described pressure measuring unit includes pressure measurement plate, more than 4 fine and close gauzes and more than 4 manometric module, each reducing seepage flow post is respectively and fixedly provided with more than 2 seepage flow pipes, seepage flow pipe is arranged in the sections transverse of reducing seepage flow post in the axis of reducing seepage flow post, is arranged in each seepage flow pipe of same reducing seepage flow post along reducing seepage flow axis of a cylinder to uniform.
Described angle regulating unit is made up of seepage flow column holder, splicer and gripper shoe, seepage flow column holder is vertically arranged on base, gripper shoe is installed on the top of seepage flow column holder by splicer, described splicer is made up of threaded fastener and two semicircle straight plates with through hole, the straight flange of two straight plates of semicircle is connected with the lower surface of gripper shoe, the top of seepage flow column holder offers screwed hole, two straight plates of semicircle are connected with seepage flow column holder by threaded fastener, and half circular surfaces of semicircle straight plate is provided with angle index.
Being provided with the height dividing plate less than overflow tank tank wall height inside described overflow tank, overflow tank is divided into two chambers by dividing plate, and two chambers are respectively equipped with discharge outlet and gap, and gap is connected with water supply hose by three way cock.
Described seepage flow pipe is plastic tube, and pressure-measuring pipe is glass tubing, and water supply hose and delivery hose are silica gel hose, and flow is calculated as glass rotameter.
Porch within described reducing seepage cavity and exit are equipped with sieve plate, and described sieve plate is permeable orifice plate.
Described elevating mechanism is fixed pulley mechanism, and the pulley of fixed pulley mechanism is fixed on the top of overflow tank support, and overflow tank support is provided with coiling handle, and one end of the stay cord of fixed pulley mechanism is connected with overflow tank, the other end is connected with coiling handle.
As shown from the above technical solution, multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision provided by the invention, main body includes 5 functional units: 1, support unit, provides for whole device and supports and installation position; 2, flow rate regulating unit, realize the flow rate regulation of seepage flow current, including elevating mechanism, overflow tank, water supply hose, faucet and three way cock, overflow tank stores seepage water, current have pressure head, level head and kinetic head, in this experimental provision, it is negligible owing to pressure head is less, elevating mechanism regulates the height of overflow tank and the level head of seepage water, and then regulate the flow velocity of current, when level head one timing, water inlet water inlet flow velocity can be regulated by the adjustment of faucet flow velocity;3, angle regulating unit, is used for regulating reducing seepage cavity angle of inclination, and angular adjustment amount can be read by angle index, it is possible to checking multi-angle darcy flow experiment; 4, reducing permeable unit, current infiltrate through in the soil sample that intracavity is filled in reducing seepage cavity, the inner chamber size of reducing seepage cavity is along axis gradual change, it is able to verify that the darcy flow under reducing factor by reducing seepage cavity, innovate darcy flow experimental verification device, it is possible to deepen experimenter or study personnel's understanding to darcy flow; 5, pressure measuring unit, for measuring the seepage pressure of diverse location in reducing seepage flow post inner chamber, seepage flow pipe is fixed in the part in reducing seepage flow post and wraps up fine and close gauze, it is to avoid the soil particle blocking seepage flow pipe filled in reducing seepage flow post.
Reducing seepage cavity is consisted of connecting tube connection 2 reducing seepage flow posts, 2 reducing seepage flow post shapes are identical with size, the truncated rectangular pyramids being horizontal positioned describes device, the two ends of connecting tube are individually fixed in two reducing seepage flow cylinders and amass on maximum end face, two reducings seepage flow post (large end face) connect relatively, can the accuracy of bi-directional verification reducing darcy flow, namely the reducing seepage flow post of small end face water inlet large end face water outlet is set up with the reducing seepage flow post darcy flow of large end face water inlet small end face water outlet simultaneously; Two reducing seepage flow posts are connected by connecting tube, ensure that two reducing seepage flow posts have identical water intake mode (intake during waterflow stabilization speed, inflow are all identical) when experiment, empirical factor to ensure two reducing seepage flow posts is identical, contrast experiment is carried out, it is ensured that the accuracy of experimental result between two reducing seepage flow posts; Each reducing seepage flow post is respectively and fixedly provided with more than 2 seepage flow pipes, is measured the head of reducing seepage flow post different size place seepage water by many seepage flow pipes, deepen experimenter or study personnel's understanding to darcy flow.
The top cover of reducing seepage flow post is removable cover, and top cover is by sealing ring and inner chamber interference fit, and the detachable structure of reducing seepage flow post is easy to the filling of soil sample and the installation of sieve plate, and sealing ring prevents reducing seepage flow post from leaking gas leakage; Porch within reducing seepage cavity and exit are equipped with sieve plate, and sieve plate slows down current washing away soil sample so that current infiltrate through in soil sample by the mesh of sieve plate; The height dividing plate less than overflow tank tank wall height it is provided with inside water tank, overflow tank is divided into two chambers by dividing plate, the respectively drain chamber with discharge outlet and the water overflow chamber with gap, when the water level in overflow tank is higher than the height of dividing plate, water unnecessary in water overflow chamber flows in drain chamber and discharges via discharge outlet, it is ensured that the level head of current remains unchanged.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision provided by the invention is in that:
1, this device calculates seepage flow flow either directly through glass rotameter, it does not have experimental error;
2, regulate flow rate of water flow by faucet, and flow rate of water flow can be read by glass rotameter, it is possible to the Darcy's law under the different flow rate of water flow of qualitative checking;
3, it is able to verify that the darcy flow under different angles by angle regulating unit, reducing permeable unit, deepens experimenter or study personnel's understanding to darcy flow.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of splicer.
Wherein, 1-base, 2-reducing seepage flow post, 3-pressure-measuring pipe, 4-pressure measurement plate, 5-connector, 6-seepage flow pipe, 7-densification gauze, 8-connecting tube, 9-gripper shoe, 10-splicer, 11-permeates column holder, 12-sieve plate, 13-dividing plate, 14-overflow tank, 15-faucet, 16-stay cord, 17-coiling handle, 18-pulley, 19-three-way interface, 20-water supply hose, 21-overflow tank support, 22-delivery hose, 23-glass rotameter, 24-altitude scale, 25-threaded fastener, 26-angle index, 27-gap, 28-discharge outlet.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention being illustrated in detail, present disclosure is not limited to following example.
Multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision provided by the invention, its structure is as it is shown in figure 1, include support unit, flow rate regulating unit, angle regulating unit, reducing permeable unit and pressure measuring unit; Described support unit includes base 1 and the overflow tank support 21 being vertically arranged on base 1;
Described flow rate regulating unit includes fixed pulley mechanism, overflow tank 14, water supply hose 20, faucet 15 and three way cock 19, three interfaces of three way cock 19 respectively with faucet 15, overflow tank 14 connects with water supply hose 20, the pulley 18 of fixed pulley mechanism is fixed on the top of overflow tank support 21, overflow tank support is provided with coiling handle 17, one end of the stay cord 16 of fixed pulley mechanism is connected with overflow tank 14, the other end is connected with coiling handle 17, the height dividing plate 13 less than overflow tank tank wall height it is provided with inside overflow tank, overflow tank 14 is divided into two chambers by dividing plate 13, two chambers are respectively equipped with discharge outlet 28 and gap 27, gap 27 is connected with water supply hose 20 by three way cock 19,
Described angle regulating unit is by seepage flow column holder 11, splicer 10 and gripper shoe 9 are constituted, seepage flow column holder 11 is vertically arranged on base 1, gripper shoe 9 is installed on the top of seepage flow column holder 11 by splicer 10, referring to Fig. 2, described splicer 10 is made up of threaded fastener 25 and two semicircle straight plates with through hole, the straight flange of two straight plates of semicircle is connected with the lower surface of gripper shoe 9, the top of seepage flow column holder offers screwed hole, two straight plates of semicircle are connected with seepage flow column holder by threaded fastener, half circular surfaces of semicircle straight plate is provided with angle index 26, angle index 26 range for 0 °~180 °,
Described reducing permeable unit includes delivery hose 22, effusion meter 23 and reducing seepage cavity, reducing seepage cavity is fixed in gripper shoe 9, the entrance of reducing seepage cavity is connected with water supply hose 20, outlet is connected with delivery hose 22, porch within reducing seepage cavity and exit are equipped with sieve plate 12, sieve plate is permeable orifice plate, effusion meter 23 is installed on delivery hose 22, flow is calculated as glass rotameter, described reducing seepage cavity is consisted of connecting tube 8 connection 2 reducing seepage flow posts 2, the truncated rectangular pyramids that reducing seepage flow post 2 is horizontal positioned describes device, the two ends of connecting tube 8 are individually fixed on two maximum end faces of reducing seepage flow post 2 area, the top cover of reducing seepage flow post is removable cover, in the inner chamber of top cover embedding reducing seepage flow post and by sealing ring and inner chamber interference fit,
Described pressure measuring unit includes pressure measurement plate 4, more than 4 fine and close gauzes 7 and more than 4 are by pressure-measuring pipe 3, connector 5 and seepage flow pipe 6 be linked in sequence constitute manometric module, pressure measurement plate 4 is provided with altitude scale 24, pressure-measuring pipe 3 is installed on pressure measurement plate 3, the arrival end of seepage flow pipe 6 is fixed in reducing seepage flow post 2, each reducing seepage flow post 2 is respectively and fixedly provided with more than 2 seepage flow pipes 6, seepage flow pipe 6 is arranged in the sections transverse of reducing seepage flow post 2 in the axis of reducing seepage flow post, it is arranged in each seepage flow pipe 6 of same reducing seepage flow post 2 along reducing seepage flow axis of a cylinder to uniform, fine and close gauze 7 is wrapped in seepage flow pipe and is fixed in the part in reducing seepage flow post, described seepage flow pipe is plastic tube, pressure-measuring pipe is glass tubing, water supply hose and delivery hose are silica gel hose.
The using method of experimental provision provided by the invention is as follows:
(1) soil sample or sand sample compaction in layers are loaded in reducing seepage flow post 2, gradation embedment is enclosed with the plastic tube (two) of fine and close gauze, after dress sample, permanent opening side sieve plate and top cover, the inner chamber of top cover and reducing seepage flow post adds sealing ring and seals, prevent from leaking, leaking gas, and be easy to reuse;
(2) regulate flow rate of water flow, make current less when experiment starts, when soil sample or sand sample are completely filled with in seepage flow post, make current increase a bit of every time, start experiment when glass rotameter reaches stable reading;
(3) regulate reducing seepage flow post angle of inclination, repeat step (2) after each adjusting angle and test.
Soil sample or sand sample infiltration coefficient checking darcy flow law is measured according to below equation:
q = k A Δ h l = k A i
Wherein q is seepage discharge, and unit is cm3/ min, is drawn by glass rotameter reading; Δ h is that between two pressure-measuring pipe readings, scale is poor, and unit is cm; L is the air line distance of 2 plastic tube embedment points, and unit is cm; I is hydraulic gradient or hydraulic slope, without unit; K is infiltration coefficient, and unit is cm/s; A is the seepage flow post two plastic tube embedment average seepage area of point, and unit is cm2, can be calculated by integral formula, if plastic tube embedment point the square length of side respectively a, b, can obtain according to integration type:
A = ∫ a b x 2 ( b - a ) .

Claims (9)

1. a multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision, it is characterised in that: include support unit, flow rate regulating unit, angle regulating unit, reducing permeable unit and pressure measuring unit; Described support unit includes base and the overflow tank support being vertically arranged on base; Described flow rate regulating unit includes elevating mechanism, overflow tank, water supply hose, faucet and three way cock, and three interfaces of three way cock connect with faucet, overflow tank and water supply hose respectively; Described angle regulating unit includes seepage flow column holder and gripper shoe, and seepage flow column holder is vertically arranged on base, and gripper shoe is hingeably secured on seepage flow column holder; Described reducing permeable unit includes delivery hose, effusion meter and reducing seepage cavity, described reducing seepage cavity is the inner chamber size column shape container along axis gradual change, reducing seepage cavity is fixed in gripper shoe, the entrance of reducing seepage cavity is connected with water supply hose, export and be connected with delivery hose, and effusion meter is installed on delivery hose; Described pressure measuring unit includes pressure measurement plate, fine and close gauze and the manometric module constituted that is linked in sequence by pressure-measuring pipe, connector and seepage flow pipe, pressure measurement plate is provided with altitude scale, pressure-measuring pipe is installed on pressure measurement plate, the arrival end of seepage flow pipe is fixed in reducing seepage cavity, and fine and close gauze is wrapped in seepage flow pipe and is fixed in the part in reducing seepage cavity.
2. multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described reducing seepage cavity is consisted of connecting tube connection 2 reducing seepage flow posts, the truncated rectangular pyramids that described reducing seepage flow post is horizontal positioned describes device, and the two ends of connecting tube are individually fixed in two reducing seepage flow cylinders and amass on maximum end face.
3. multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the top cover of reducing seepage flow post is removable cover, in the inner chamber of top cover embedding reducing seepage flow post and by sealing ring and inner chamber interference fit.
4. multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described pressure measuring unit includes pressure measurement plate, more than 4 fine and close gauzes and more than 4 manometric module, each reducing seepage flow post is respectively and fixedly provided with more than 2 seepage flow pipes, seepage flow pipe is arranged in the sections transverse of reducing seepage flow post in the axis of reducing seepage flow post, is arranged in each seepage flow pipe of same reducing seepage flow post along reducing seepage flow axis of a cylinder to uniform.
5. multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described angle regulating unit is by seepage flow column holder, splicer and gripper shoe are constituted, seepage flow column holder is vertically arranged on base, gripper shoe is installed on the top of seepage flow column holder by splicer, described splicer is made up of threaded fastener and two semicircle straight plates with through hole, the straight flange of two straight plates of semicircle is connected with the lower surface of gripper shoe, the top of seepage flow column holder offers screwed hole, two straight plates of semicircle are connected with seepage flow column holder by threaded fastener, half circular surfaces of semicircle straight plate is provided with angle index.
6. multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: inside described overflow tank, be provided with the height dividing plate less than overflow tank tank wall height, overflow tank is divided into two chambers by dividing plate, being respectively equipped with discharge outlet and gap on two chambers, gap is connected with water supply hose by three way cock.
7. multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described seepage flow pipe is plastic tube, and pressure-measuring pipe is glass tubing, and water supply hose and delivery hose are silica gel hose, and flow is calculated as glass rotameter.
8. multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the porch within described reducing seepage cavity and exit are equipped with sieve plate, and described sieve plate is permeable orifice plate.
9. multi-angle reducing type darcy flow experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described elevating mechanism is fixed pulley mechanism, the pulley of fixed pulley mechanism is fixed on the top of overflow tank support, overflow tank support is provided with coiling handle, and one end of the stay cord of fixed pulley mechanism is connected with overflow tank, the other end is connected with coiling handle.
CN201610126998.9A 2016-03-07 2016-03-07 Multi-angle diameter-variable type Darcy seepage experiment device Pending CN105675471A (en)

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CN108037057A (en) * 2017-12-10 2018-05-15 北京工业大学 A kind of experimental provision for observing fluid flowing law in Fracture Networks model
CN108489558A (en) * 2018-03-06 2018-09-04 河海大学 A kind of bank slope band seepage flow collects metering device and metering method
CN109115670A (en) * 2018-10-16 2019-01-01 中国石油大学(北京) Pressure generation device and drill core permeability rate measuring device
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