CN220438097U - Mountain area portable ring cutter infiltration test device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test device which comprises a water supply measuring cylinder, a hose, a water head controller, a balance bracket, a ring cutter and a hydrops measuring cylinder, wherein the water head controller is connected with the water supply measuring cylinder through the hose, the water head controller and the ring cutter are fixed on the balance bracket, the balance bracket comprises a fixed panel, a round hole arranged in the middle of the fixed panel and a waterproof sealing ring arranged on the round hole, the bottom of the water head controller is connected with the top of the ring cutter through the waterproof sealing ring, the hydrops measuring cylinder is positioned below the ring cutter, the water head controller is used for receiving water supply of the water supply measuring cylinder and controlling the water level to reach the water level corresponding to the designed water head, the inner diameters of the water head controller, the ring cutter and the hydrops measuring cylinder are the same, and scale marks for marking the heights of the water heads are arranged on the cylinder walls of the water supply measuring cylinder, the water head controller and the hydrops measuring cylinder. The utility model has simple disassembly and installation, does not need an external power supply, can realize rapid installation and observation in the field, can realize direct conversion of observation data into infiltration rate, and saves the time for processing the data.

Description

Mountain area portable ring cutter infiltration test device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of soil infiltration measurement, in particular to a portable ring cutter infiltration test device for mountain areas.

Background

Soil infiltration rate, also called soil infiltration rate, is the amount of infiltration water per unit time through the soil per unit area, and is mainly characterized by the soil infiltration capacity. The initial infiltration rate of the soil is affected by the initial water content of the soil, and when the soil is dry, the soil infiltration rate is very high, and the infiltration rate is the initial infiltration rate, which is also called initial infiltration rate. As rainfall continues, the soil moisture content increases until it reaches saturated soil moisture content, and the soil infiltration rate gradually decreases to a stable value, at which point the infiltration rate is referred to as a steady infiltration rate.

Soil infiltration is an important link for water redistribution after rainfall reaches the underlying surface, and is an important factor affecting slope yield and confluence. In small mountainous areas, the soil infiltration rate is an important factor affecting the rainfall-runoff process and is also one of important disaster causing influence factors of water and soil loss and mountain torrent disasters. Therefore, the soil infiltration research has important significance for preventing and controlling water and soil loss, researching rainfall-runoff process mechanism of small river basin in mountain area, early warning flood process of small river basin in mountain torrent, researching and developing mountain torrent disaster defense technology and the like.

The existing soil moisture infiltration rate measuring method comprises a double-ring method, a disc infiltration instrument method, a cutting ring method, an artificial rainfall method and the like. The method has the characteristics of low cost, convenient operation, simple calculation and the like, and is widely applied. The ring cutter method is to obtain undisturbed soil by using a soil taking ring cutter, empty rings are added above the soil taking ring cutter, water is added into the rings to keep the water level unchanged, the water seepage quantity is recorded by using a liquid collecting funnel below, and the water quantity passing through a unit area in unit time is obtained through formula conversion to be used as the seepage rate.

The existing ring cutter method is mainly used for measuring the soil moisture infiltration rate, namely, a ring cutter is used for acquiring an undisturbed soil sample in a research area and then conveying the undisturbed soil sample to an indoor observation test, but the shape and the internal structure of the undisturbed soil sample of the ring cutter are more or less affected by external force in the transportation process, so that the test result can not accurately reflect the real infiltration rate of the soil in the research area. The existing field infiltration testing device is not easy to support stably during outdoor operation, can not effectively support according to the condition of the tested soil surface, needs manual auxiliary support, so that the workload of a tester is increased, and when the tested soil surface has a certain gradient, a testing water head can not be in vertical contact with the soil surface, the contact area is changed, the moisture infiltration amount is affected, and the accuracy of data is further affected.

For example, chinese patent CN 205027745U discloses a simple device for measuring saturated water conductivity of soil based on a ring method, which can realize replacement of soil samples with different rings and improve measurement efficiency, but there are some places to be improved: 1) The fixing plate and the bracket are not adjustable, can only be placed in a completely horizontal place, and are not suitable for areas with uneven mountainous terrain; 2) The ring knife is not provided with scales, and the infiltration rate observation of the designed water head can not be realized.

As another example, chinese patent CN 111678855A discloses a ring cutter infiltration test device, which comprises a water tank, a water head control chamber, a ring cutter and a liquid collecting funnel, the disassembly and the installation of the device are simple, the full-automatic collection of infiltration and infiltration amount can be realized, and meanwhile, the tests under different water head pressures can be realized, but some defects exist: 1) The cylinder body of the water head controller and the cutting ring are sealed by a waterproof adhesive tape, which is time-consuming in the actual operation process and can cause water leakage due to improper operation; 2) The electric control water valve, the flowmeter and the electronic scale of the water head control room are all required to be connected with an alternating current power supply, but in field observation experiments, particularly in mountain small watershed, a stable alternating current power supply cannot be found, and the application range and the scene of the device are limited.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a portable ring cutter infiltration test device for mountain areas, which is convenient to carry, simple to operate, does not need to be connected with a power supply, can realize soil infiltration rate observation experiments under different outdoor topography conditions, and can realize constant head infiltration observation under different design head conditions; meanwhile, the replacement of soil samples of different cutting rings can be realized in a short time, and the measurement efficiency is improved.

In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a portable cutting ring infiltration test device in mountain area, includes water supply graduated flask, hose, water head controller, balanced support, cutting ring, hydrops graduated flask, water head controller passes through the hose and is connected with the water supply graduated flask, water head controller, cutting ring are fixed in balanced support, balanced support includes fixed panel, locates the round hole at fixed panel middle part and installs waterproof sealing circle in the round hole, water head controller's bottom and the top of cutting ring pass through waterproof sealing circle and are connected, and the hydrops graduated flask is located the cutting ring below, water head controller is used for receiving the water supply of water supply graduated flask and controls the water level and reach the design water head and correspond the water level, and water head controller, cutting ring and hydrops graduated flask's the internal diameter is the same, has the scale mark of mark water head height on water head controller and the section of thick bamboo wall of hydrops graduated flask.

Further, the inner diameter of the water supply measuring cylinder is 5.046cm, the scale range of scale marks on the wall of the cylinder is not less than 30cm, the minimum scale is not more than 1cm, and the capacity is not less than 0.5L.

Further, the water head controller comprises a water inlet hard tube, a water inlet hard tube support, a floating ball water inlet valve and a barrel water inlet hard tube support, wherein the water inlet hard tube is fixed on the balance support through a butterfly bolt, the water inlet hard tube is fixed on the water inlet hard tube support through a butterfly bolt, the water inlet hard tube is adjustable in height, the top and the bottom of the barrel are both in an opening design, the floating ball water inlet valve is connected to the water inlet hard tube 301, so that the floating ball water inlet valve corresponds to different scales on the barrel, and different water head adjustment is realized.

Further, the scale on the wall of the cylinder starts to measure from the bottom of the cylinder wall, the measuring range is not less than 30cm, and the minimum scale is not more than 1cm.

Further, a cylinder fixing panel is arranged outside the cylinder wall at the position 1.5cm above the bottom of the cylinder, and the height of the cylinder wall below the cylinder fixing panel is 1cm.

Furthermore, the floating ball water inlet valve is a differential pressure type floating ball water inlet valve, and the maximum outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder body.

Further, the balance bracket comprises a fixed panel, a telescopic supporting rod, a level gauge, a waterproof sealing ring and a screw; the fixed panel is the rectangle, and the diameter of the round hole in fixed panel center is slightly greater than the barrel of flood peak controller, the outer diameter of the cutting ring body 501 that fetches earth, and the four corners and the 4 scalable bracing pieces of round hole pass through the butterfly bolt and articulate, and the spirit level is fixed in the fixed panel, and scalable bracing piece passes through the screw and articulates on the fixed panel.

Further, the ring cutter comprises a soil taking ring cutter body, a ring cutter outer cylinder body and a ring cutter outer cylinder body fixing panel, wherein an undisturbed soil body to be measured is placed in the soil taking ring cutter body, the lower end is a tip part, and the upper part of the ring cutter outer cylinder body is a rectangular ring cutter outer cylinder body fixing panel which is fixedly connected with the fixing panel through a butterfly bolt; the lower part of the outer cylinder body of the ring cutter is provided with coarse sand which is uniformly distributed, a dense mesh net is arranged above the coarse sand, a metal pore plate is arranged below the coarse sand, the diameter of the metal pore plate is the same as the inner diameter of the soil-taking ring cutter, and the pore diameters of the dense mesh net and the metal pore plate are not more than 1mm.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following remarkable beneficial effects: 1. the device is simple to install and disassemble, is convenient to carry, does not need an external power supply, and can realize rapid installation and observation in the field; 2. the balance support can be adjusted according to different terrains, so that vertical infiltration is ensured, and the accuracy of data is ensured; 3. the inner diameters of the cylinder body of the water head controller, the liquid accumulation measuring cylinder and the soil sampling ring cutter body are the same, so that the observation data can be directly converted into the infiltration rate, and the data processing time is saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a portable ring cutter infiltration testing apparatus for mountain areas according to the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the head controller of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the head controller cartridge of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the balance bracket of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the waterproof gasket of the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the cutting ring of the present utility model;

fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the outer cylinder of the middle ring cutter of the present utility model.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments of the present utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

As shown in fig. 1, the portable ring cutter infiltration test device for mountain areas (in the wild) comprises a water supply measuring cylinder 1, a hose 2, a water head controller 3, a balance bracket 4, a ring cutter 5 and a liquid accumulation cylinder 6.

The water head controller 3 is connected with the water supply measuring cylinder 1 through a hose 2, and the length of the hose 2 is not less than 50cm. The water head controller 3 and the cutting ring 5 are connected and fixed on the balance bracket 4 through butterfly bolts, the water inlet hard pipe bracket 302 is fixed on the balance bracket 4, the water supply measuring cylinder 1 is hung on the water inlet hard pipe bracket 302 through a rope, and the hydrops measuring cylinder 6 is hung on the balance bracket 4 through a rope. The inner diameters of the water supply measuring cylinder 1, the water head controller 3 and the hydrops measuring cylinder 6 are the same, and the cylinder wall is provided with scale marks for marking the height of the water head. When the test starts, water of the water supply measuring cylinder 1 enters the water head controller 3 through the hose 2, the water head controller 3 keeps the designed water head water level, and water seeps downwards through the soil sample in the cutting ring 5 and finally flows into the liquid accumulation cylinder 6. After the test is started, the infiltration rate and the exudation rate of the soil sample in the ring cutter 5 at a specific time can be calculated by reading the water supply measuring cylinder 1 and the effusion measuring cylinder 6.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the head controller 3 includes a water inlet hard pipe 301, a water inlet hard pipe bracket 302, a float water inlet valve 303, a cylinder 304, and a cylinder fixing panel 305. The water inlet hard pipe 301 is fixed on the water inlet hard pipe bracket 302 through a butterfly bolt, and the floating ball water inlet valve 303 is connected to the water inlet hard pipe 301. The height of the water inlet hard pipe 301 can be adjusted, so that the floating ball water inlet valve 303 corresponds to different scales of the cylinder 304, and water head water level control with different designs is realized. The lower part of the cylinder 304 is provided with a cylinder fixing plate 305, the cylinder fixing plate 305 can be designed into a rectangle, and four corners of the cylinder fixing plate are fixed with the balance bracket 4 through 4 butterfly bolts.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the balance bracket 4 includes a fixed panel 401, a telescopic support bar 402, a level 403, and a waterproof seal 404. A level 403 is fixed on one side of the fixed panel 401; the thickness of the fixed panel 401 is not less than 2cm; the material of the fixing panel 401 is organic glass or acrylic transparent and has a certain strength. The center of the fixed panel 401 is provided with a round hole with the diameter of 5.5cm slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder 304 and the soil taking ring cutter body 501 of the water head controller 3, a waterproof sealing ring 404 with the thickness not smaller than 2mm is arranged in the middle of the hole, the inner diameter of the waterproof sealing ring 404 is the same as the inner diameters of the soil taking ring cutter body 501 and the cylinder 304 of the water head controller, and the waterproof sealing ring 404 can be made of rubber. The circumference of the round hole of the fixing panel 401 is provided with 4 screw holes, and the positions of the screw holes correspond to the positions of the fixing plate screw holes of the cylinder 304 of the water head controller 3. The telescopic supporting rod 402 is hinged on the fixed panel 401 through a screw, the telescopic supporting rod 402 can rotate around the screw, the length of the telescopic supporting rod is also telescopically adjusted, the maximum length is 100cm, the lower part of the telescopic supporting rod is sharp, the telescopic supporting rod can be inserted into the soil, the supporting condition can be adjusted according to different terrain conditions, and the level gauge 403 on the balance bracket 4 is kept horizontal.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the ring cutter 5 includes a ring cutter soil body 501, a ring cutter outer cylinder 502, and a ring cutter outer cylinder fixing panel 503. The soil body 501 is a common soil-taking ring cutter with the volume of 100cm ³ The inner diameter was 5.046cm. The inner diameter of the outer ring cutter cylinder 502 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the soil taking ring cutter body 501, and is 5.5cm, a metal pore plate is arranged at the lower part, a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 2cm is arranged on the metal pore plate, a dense mesh net is arranged above the coarse sand, and the pore diameters of the metal pore plate and the dense mesh net are 1mm. The upper part of the ring cutter outer cylinder 502 is provided with a rectangular ring cutter outer cylinder fixing panel 503, four corners of which are provided with screw holes corresponding to 4 screw holes in the center of the fixing panel 401.

The utility model relates to a working principle of a mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test device, which comprises the following steps: the water supply measuring cylinder 1 provides continuous water supply, realizes water level control of different design heads by adjusting the height of the water inlet hard tube 301 of the water head controller 3, and controls water level lifting in real time by the floating ball water inlet valve 303. When the water level in the water head controller 3 drops due to infiltration of water through the cutting ring 5, the floating ball water inlet valve 303 is opened due to pressure difference, water in the water supply measuring cylinder 1 enters the cylinder 304 through the water inlet hard pipe 301, and when the water level rises to the designed water head level, the floating ball water inlet valve 303 is closed to stop water inlet. The infiltration rate and the exudation rate of the cutting ring soil can be calculated respectively by reading the data changes of the water supply measuring cylinder 1 and the fluid accumulation cylinder 6 in a fixed time interval.

The embodiment of the utility model also provides a mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test method, which is carried out by adopting the test device and comprises the following steps:

step one: selecting a soil taking place in the field, taking undisturbed soil by using a cutting ring 5, and vertically placing the undisturbed soil into a cutting ring outer cylinder 502 for standby;

step two: 1cm cylinder wall exposed below a cylinder 304 of the water head controller 3 is inserted into a round hole of the fixed panel 401 from the upper part of the balance bracket 4, the bottom of the cylinder wall is contacted with the upper part of the waterproof sealing ring 404, the inner walls of the cylinder wall and the waterproof sealing ring are on the same plane, and 4 screw hole sites of the cylinder fixed panel 305 are aligned with 4 screw hole sites in the center of the fixed panel 401;

step three: the soil taking ring cutter 501 is arranged in the ring cutter outer cylinder 502, the tip end part is downward, the dense mesh net is pressed, then the soil taking ring cutter 501 which is 1cm higher than the ring cutter outer cylinder fixing panel 503 is inserted into a round hole of the fixing panel 401 from the lower part of the balance bracket 4, the top part of the ring cutter wall of the soil taking ring cutter 501 is contacted with the lower part of the waterproof sealing ring 404, the inner walls of the two are on the same plane, and 4 screw hole positions of the ring cutter outer cylinder fixing panel 503 are aligned with 4 screw hole positions in the center of the fixing panel 401;

step four: the water head controller 3, the cutting ring 5 filled with undisturbed soil and the fixed panel 401 of the balance bracket 4 are connected and fixed by butterfly bolts, so that the waterproof sealing ring 404 is tightly pressed in the middle by the bottom of the cylinder wall of the cylinder 304 and the top of the cutting ring wall of the soil taking cutting ring body 501, and water leakage is prevented;

step five: hanging the liquid accumulation measuring cylinder 6 on screws 405 on two sides of the balance bracket 4 through ropes, positioning the liquid accumulation measuring cylinder 6 below the cutting ring 5, adjusting a telescopic supporting rod 402 of the balance bracket 4, and observing a level meter 403 to enable a fixed panel 401 to be horizontal;

step six: according to a specific water head, the height of a water inlet hard tube 301 of a water head controller 3 is regulated, a floating ball water inlet valve 303 is enabled to control the water level to be equal to the water level corresponding to the designed water head, water is injected into a water supply measuring cylinder 1, the water level of the water head controller 3 reaches the water level corresponding to the designed water head, the water level of the water supply measuring cylinder 1 is kept at a high water level and is recorded as L0, the time is recorded as T0=0, then the water level change reading number of the water supply measuring cylinder 1 in a record fixed time interval is recorded as Tn, and the infiltration rate calculation formula is vin=Ln/Tn;

step seven: recording the first drip time recorded as Ts from the first drip time collected by the liquid accumulation measuring cylinder 6 by a tester, recording the water level change reading number of the liquid accumulation measuring cylinder 6 in a fixed time interval recorded as Tn as Lnout, and calculating the exudation rate according to a formula of V=Lnout/Tn; the time interval for monitoring can be adjusted by itself according to the requirement, and is generally 10s-15s;

step eight: when the data to be monitored is stabilized near a fixed value, ending the experiment after monitoring for a period of time, and clamping the hose 2 by using a clamp to stop water supply; the butterfly bolt of the fixed panel 401 is loosened, the soil sampling cutter ring 501 of the cutter ring 5 is taken out, water in the water head controller is emptied, another undisturbed soil sample is replaced, the steps one to seven are repeated, and the infiltration rate and the seepage rate of the other undisturbed soil sample can be tested.

The foregoing is merely illustrative embodiments of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that may be easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present utility model should be included in the scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. Mountain area portable cutting ring infiltration test device, its characterized in that: including water supply graduated flask (1), hose (2), water head controller (3), balance support (4), cutting ring (5), hydrops graduated flask (6), water head controller (3) are connected with water supply graduated flask (1) through hose (2), water head controller (3), cutting ring (5) are fixed in balance support (4), balance support (4) include fixed panel (401), locate the round hole at fixed panel (401) middle part and install in install waterproof sealing circle (404) in the round hole, water head controller (3)'s bottom is connected through waterproof sealing circle (404) with cutting ring (5) top, hydrops graduated flask (6) are located cutting ring (5) below, water head controller (3) are used for receiving water supply of water supply graduated flask (1) and control water level and reach the corresponding water level of design water head, and water head controller (3), the internal diameter of cutting ring (5) and hydrops graduated flask (6) is the same, water head controller (3) and the scale mark of the water head height on the section of thick bamboo wall of hydrops graduated flask (6).

2. The mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test device according to claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the water supply measuring cylinder (1) is 5.046cm, the scale range of scale marks on the cylinder wall is not less than 30cm, the minimum scale is not more than 1cm, and the capacity is not less than 0.5L.

3. The mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test device according to claim 1, wherein: the water head controller (3) comprises a water inlet hard tube (301), a water inlet hard tube bracket (302), a floating ball water inlet valve (303) and a cylinder body (304), wherein the water inlet hard tube bracket (302) is fixed on the balance bracket (4) through a butterfly bolt, the water inlet hard tube (301) is fixed on the water inlet hard tube bracket (302) through the butterfly bolt, the water inlet hard tube (301) is adjustable in height, the top and the bottom of the cylinder body (304) are both in an opening design, the floating ball water inlet valve (303) is connected to the water inlet hard tube (301), so that the floating ball water inlet valve (303) corresponds to different scales on the cylinder body (304), and different water head adjustment is realized.

4. A mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the scale on the cylinder wall of the cylinder body (304) starts to measure from the bottom of the cylinder wall, the measuring range is not less than 30cm, and the minimum scale is not more than 1cm.

5. The mountain area portable ring cutter infiltration test apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein: a cylinder fixing panel (305) is arranged outside the cylinder wall at the position 1.5cm above the bottom of the cylinder (304), and the height of the cylinder wall below the cylinder fixing panel is 1cm.

6. A mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the floating ball water inlet valve (303) is a differential pressure type floating ball water inlet valve, and the maximum outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the barrel (304).

7. The mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test device according to claim 1, wherein: the balance bracket (4) comprises a fixed panel (401), a telescopic supporting rod (402), a level meter (403), a waterproof sealing ring (404) and a screw (405); the fixed panel (401) is rectangular, the diameter of a round hole in the center of the fixed panel (401) is slightly larger than the outer diameter of a cylinder body (304) and a soil taking ring cutter body (501) of the water head controller (3), four corners of the round hole are hinged with 4 telescopic supporting rods (402) through butterfly bolts, the level meter (403) is fixed on the fixed panel (401), and the telescopic supporting rods (402) are hinged on the fixed panel (401) through screws.

8. The mountain portable ring cutter infiltration testing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the cutting ring (5) comprises a soil taking cutting ring body (501), a cutting ring outer cylinder body (502) and a cutting ring outer cylinder body fixing panel (503), wherein an undisturbed soil body to be measured is placed in the soil taking cutting ring body (501), the lower end is a tip part, and the upper part of the cutting ring outer cylinder body (502) is a rectangular cutting ring outer cylinder body fixing panel (503) which is fixedly connected with the fixing panel (401) through a butterfly bolt; the lower part of the ring cutter outer cylinder body (502) is provided with coarse sand which is uniformly distributed, a dense mesh net is arranged above the coarse sand, a metal pore plate is arranged below the coarse sand, the diameter of the metal pore plate is the same as the inner diameter of the soil taking ring cutter body (501), and the pore diameters of the dense mesh net and the metal pore plate are not more than 1mm.