CN220438097U - A portable ring knife penetration test device in mountainous areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test device which comprises a water supply measuring cylinder, a hose, a water head controller, a balance bracket, a ring cutter and a hydrops measuring cylinder, wherein the water head controller is connected with the water supply measuring cylinder through the hose, the water head controller and the ring cutter are fixed on the balance bracket, the balance bracket comprises a fixed panel, a round hole arranged in the middle of the fixed panel and a waterproof sealing ring arranged on the round hole, the bottom of the water head controller is connected with the top of the ring cutter through the waterproof sealing ring, the hydrops measuring cylinder is positioned below the ring cutter, the water head controller is used for receiving water supply of the water supply measuring cylinder and controlling the water level to reach the water level corresponding to the designed water head, the inner diameters of the water head controller, the ring cutter and the hydrops measuring cylinder are the same, and scale marks for marking the heights of the water heads are arranged on the cylinder walls of the water supply measuring cylinder, the water head controller and the hydrops measuring cylinder. The utility model has simple disassembly and installation, does not need an external power supply, can realize rapid installation and observation in the field, can realize direct conversion of observation data into infiltration rate, and saves the time for processing the data.

Description

A portable ring knife penetration test device in mountainous areas

Technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of soil infiltration measurement, specifically a portable ring knife infiltration test device in mountainous areas.

Background technique

Soil infiltration rate, also called soil infiltration rate, is the amount of water infiltrating through unit area of soil per unit time, and mainly represents the soil infiltration capacity. The initial soil infiltration rate is affected by the initial soil moisture content. When the soil is relatively dry, the soil infiltration rate is very large. The infiltration rate at this time is the initial infiltration rate, also known as the initial infiltration rate. As rainfall continues, the soil moisture content increases until it reaches saturated soil moisture content, and the soil infiltration rate gradually decreases to a stable value. The infiltration rate at this time is called the stable infiltration rate.

Soil infiltration is an important link in the redistribution of water after rainfall reaches the underlying surface, and is an important factor affecting slope production and confluence. In small mountainous watersheds, soil infiltration rate is an important factor affecting the rainfall-runoff process, and it is also one of the important disaster-causing factors for soil erosion and flash floods. Therefore, soil infiltration research is of great significance for the prevention and control of soil erosion, research on the mechanism of rainfall-runoff processes in small watersheds in mountainous areas, early warning of flood processes in small watersheds with flash floods, and research and development of flash flood disaster prevention technologies.

Existing soil moisture infiltration rate measurement methods include double-ring method, disc infiltration meter method, ring-knife method, artificial rainfall method, etc. Among them, the ring knife method is widely used due to its low cost, convenient operation and simple calculation. The ring-knife method is to use a soil-boring ring knife to obtain the undisturbed soil, add an empty ring above the soil-boring ring knife, add water in the ring to keep the water level constant, and use a collecting funnel below to record the amount of water seepage, and convert it through a formula to obtain the unit time The amount of water passing through unit area is the infiltration rate.

The existing ring knife method is used to measure the soil water infiltration rate. It mainly uses a ring knife to obtain undisturbed soil samples in the research area and then transports them indoors for observation and testing. However, the shape and internal structure of the ring knife undisturbed soil samples are more or less affected. The influence of external forces during transportation makes the test results unable to accurately reflect the true infiltration rate of the soil in the study area. However, the existing field infiltration testing device is not easy to support stably when operating outdoors, and cannot effectively support according to the soil and ground conditions being tested. It requires manual auxiliary support, thereby increasing the workload of the test personnel, and there are problems on the soil and ground being tested. At a certain slope, the test water head cannot vertically contact the soil surface, and the contact area changes, which affects the amount of water penetration, thereby affecting the accuracy of the data.

For example, Chinese patent CN 205027745 U discloses a simple device for measuring soil saturated hydraulic conductivity based on the ring knife method, which can replace different ring knife soil samples and improve the measurement efficiency. However, there are some areas for improvement: 1) Fixed plate and The bracket is not adjustable and can only be placed in a completely horizontal place. It is not suitable for areas with uneven terrain in mountainous areas; 2) There is no scale on the ring knife, so it is impossible to observe the penetration rate of the designed water head.

Another example is the Chinese patent CN 111678855 A, which discloses a ring knife infiltration test device, including a water tank, a water head control room, a ring knife and a collecting funnel. The device is simple to disassemble and install, and can realize fully automatic collection of infiltration and seepage amounts, and can also Tests under different water head pressures are realized, but there are some shortcomings: 1) The water head controller cylinder and the ring knife are sealed with waterproof tape, which is time-consuming during actual operation and may also cause water leakage due to improper operation; 2) The water head control room is electronically controlled Water valves, flow meters, and electronic scales all need to be connected to AC power. However, in field observation experiments, especially in small watersheds in mountainous areas, stable AC power is often not available, which limits the use scope and scenarios of the device.

Utility model content

In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the utility model provides a portable ring knife infiltration test device in mountainous areas. The device is easy to carry, simple to operate, does not need to be connected to a power supply, and can realize soil infiltration rate observation experiments under different terrain conditions in the field. , can realize constant water head infiltration observation under different design water head conditions; at the same time, different ring cutter soil samples can be replaced in a short time, improving the measurement efficiency.

In order to achieve the above goals, the present utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

A portable ring knife infiltration test device in mountainous areas, including a water supply measuring cylinder, a hose, a water head controller, a balance bracket, a ring knife, and a liquid accumulation cylinder. The water head controller is connected to the water supply measuring cylinder through a hose. The water head controller The ring knife is fixed on the balance bracket. The balance bracket includes a fixed panel, a round hole in the middle of the fixed panel, and a waterproof sealing ring installed in the round hole. The bottom of the water head controller and the top of the ring knife are waterproofed The sealing ring is connected, and the effusion measuring cylinder is located below the ring knife. The water head controller is used to receive the water supply from the water supply measuring cylinder and control the water level to reach the corresponding water level of the designed water head. The inner diameters of the water head controller, the ring knife and the effusion measuring cylinder are the same. The water supply measuring cylinder, water head There are scale lines marking the water head height on the walls of the controller and the fluid accumulation cylinder.

Further, the inner diameter of the water supply measuring cylinder is 5.046cm, the scale range of the scale line on the cylinder wall is not less than 30cm, the minimum scale is not more than 1cm, and the capacity is not less than 0.5L.

Further, the water head controller includes a water inlet hard pipe, a water inlet hard pipe bracket, a float water inlet valve, and a cylinder water inlet hard pipe bracket fixed on the balance bracket through butterfly bolts. The water inlet hard pipe passes through a butterfly Bolts are fixed on the water inlet hard pipe bracket. The height of the water inlet hard pipe can be adjusted. The top and bottom of the cylinder are both open designs. The float water inlet valve is connected to the water inlet hard pipe 301, so that the float water inlet valve Corresponding to different scales on the cylinder, different water head adjustments can be achieved.

Further, the scale on the cylinder wall of the cylinder measures from the bottom of the cylinder wall, the measuring range is not less than 30cm, and the minimum scale is not greater than 1cm.

Furthermore, there is a cylinder fixed panel outside the cylinder wall 1.5cm upward from the bottom of the cylinder, and the height of the cylinder wall below it is 1cm.

Further, the float water inlet valve is a differential pressure float water inlet valve, and the maximum outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder.

Further, the balance bracket includes a fixed panel, a retractable support rod, a level, a waterproof sealing ring, and screws; the fixed panel is rectangular, and the diameter of the circular hole in the center of the fixed panel is slightly larger than the cylinder of the water head controller and the soil ring cutter. The outer diameter of the body is 501, and the four corners of the circular hole are hinged with the four retractable support rods through butterfly bolts. The level is fixed on the fixed panel, and the retractable support rod is hinged on the fixed panel through screws.

Further, the ring cutter includes a soil fetching ring cutter body, a ring cutter outer cylinder, and a fixing panel for the ring cutter outer cylinder. The undisturbed soil to be measured is placed in the soil fetching ring cutter body, and the lower end is the tip. The ring cutter outer cylinder The upper part is a rectangular fixed panel of the ring cutter outer cylinder, which is connected and fixed with the fixed panel through butterfly bolts; the lower part of the ring cutter outer cylinder has evenly distributed coarse sand, a dense mesh above the coarse sand, and a metal orifice plate below. The diameter of the orifice plate is the same as the inner diameter of the soil collecting ring cutter, and the aperture diameter of the dense mesh and metal orifice plate is not larger than 1mm.

Compared with the existing technology, the utility model has the following significant beneficial effects: 1. It is simple to install and disassemble, easy to carry, does not require an external power supply, and can realize rapid installation and observation in the field; 2. The balance bracket can be adjusted according to different terrains. Ensure vertical infiltration and ensure the accuracy of data; 3. The water head controller cylinder, liquid measuring cylinder, and soil ring cutter inner diameter are the same, which can directly convert the observed data into infiltration rate, saving time in data processing.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a portable ring knife penetration test device in mountainous areas according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the water head controller in the present utility model;

Figure 3 is a top structural view of the head controller cylinder of the utility model;

Figure 4 is a top structural view of the balance bracket in the utility model;

Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural perspective view of the waterproof sealing ring in the utility model;

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the ring knife of the present utility model;

Figure 7 is a schematic top view of the outer cylinder of the ring cutter of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the description The embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

As shown in Figure 1, a portable ring knife infiltration test device in mountainous areas (field) includes a water supply cylinder 1, a hose 2, a water head controller 3, a balance bracket 4, a ring knife 5, and a liquid accumulation cylinder 6.

The water head controller 3 is connected to the water supply measuring cylinder 1 through a hose 2, and the length of the hose 2 is not less than 50cm. The water head controller 3 and the ring cutter 5 are connected by butterfly bolts and fixed on the balance bracket 4. The balance bracket 4 is fixed with a water inlet hard pipe bracket 302. The water supply measuring cylinder 1 is suspended on the water inlet hard pipe bracket 302 through a rope. The measuring cylinder 6 is suspended on the balance bracket 4 via a rope. The inner diameters of the water supply measuring cylinder 1, the water head controller 3 and the liquid accumulation measuring cylinder 6 are the same, and there is a scale mark marking the water head height on the cylinder wall. At the beginning of the test, the water from the water supply cylinder 1 enters the water head controller 3 through the hose 2. The water head controller 3 maintains the designed water head level. The water seeps down through the soil sample in the ring knife 5 and finally flows into the liquid accumulation cylinder 6. After the test starts, the infiltration rate and exudation rate of the soil sample in the ring cutter 5 at a specific time can be calculated by reading the readings of the water supply measuring cylinder 1 and the liquid accumulation measuring cylinder 6.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the water head controller 3 includes a water inlet hard pipe 301, a water inlet hard pipe bracket 302, a float water inlet valve 303, a cylinder 304, and a cylinder fixed panel 305. The water inlet hard pipe 301 is fixed on the water inlet hard pipe bracket 302 through butterfly bolts, and the float water inlet valve 303 is connected to the water inlet hard pipe 301. The height of the water inlet hard pipe 301 can be adjusted so that the float water inlet valve 303 corresponds to different scales of the cylinder 304 to achieve different designed water head and water level control. A cylinder fixing plate 305 is installed on the lower part of the cylinder 304. The cylinder fixing plate 305 can be designed as a rectangle, and its four corners are fixed to the balance bracket 4 by four butterfly bolts.

Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the balance bracket 4 includes a fixed panel 401, a retractable support rod 402, a level 403, and a waterproof sealing ring 404. A level 403 is fixed on one side of the fixed panel 401; the thickness of the fixed panel 401 is not less than 2 cm; the material of the fixed panel 401 is organic glass or acrylic, which is transparent and has a certain strength. There is a circular hole in the center of the fixed panel 401 with a diameter of 5.5cm slightly larger than the cylinder 304 of the water head controller 3 and the outer diameter of the soil-boring ring cutter body 501. There is a waterproof sealing ring 404 with a thickness of not less than 2mm in the middle of the hole, and its inner diameter is the same as that of the soil-boring ring. The inner diameters of the cutter body 501 and the water head controller barrel 304 are the same, and the waterproof sealing ring 404 can be made of rubber. There are four screw holes around the circular hole of the fixed panel 401, which correspond to the screw hole positions of the fixed plate of the cylinder 304 of the water head controller 3. The telescopic support rod 402 is hinged on the fixed panel 401 through screws. The telescopic support rod 402 can rotate around the screws and can also be telescopically adjusted to adjust the length. The maximum length is 100cm. The lower part is sharp and can be inserted into the soil and can be adapted to different terrains. Adjust the support condition according to the conditions, and maintain the level according to the level 403 on the balance bracket 4.

Referring to Figures 6 and 7, the ring cutter 5 includes a ring cutter soil taking body 501, a ring cutter outer cylinder 502, and a ring cutter outer cylinder fixed panel 503. The soil-taking body 501 is a common soil-taking ring knife, with a volume of 100cm ³ and an inner diameter of 5.046cm. The inner diameter of the ring cutter outer cylinder 502 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the soil fetching ring cutter body 501, which is 5.5cm. There is a metal orifice plate at the bottom. There is a layer of coarse sand with a thickness of 2cm above the metal orifice plate. There is a dense mesh above the coarse sand. The metal The hole diameter of the orifice plate and dense mesh is 1mm. There is a rectangular ring cutter outer cylinder fixed panel 503 on the upper part of the ring cutter outer cylinder 502. There are screw holes at the four corners, corresponding to the four screw holes in the center of the fixed panel 401.

The working principle of the portable ring knife penetration test device in mountainous areas of this utility model: the water supply measuring cylinder 1 provides continuous water supply, and the water head level control of different designs is realized by adjusting the height of the water inlet hard pipe 301 of the water head controller 3, and through the float inlet valve 303 controls the water level rise and fall in real time. When the water level in the water head controller 3 infiltrates through the ring knife 5 and the water level drops, the float inlet valve 303 opens due to the pressure difference, and the water in the water supply measuring cylinder 1 enters the cylinder 304 through the water inlet hard pipe 301. When the water level rises When the design water head level is reached, the float inlet valve 303 is closed and water inflow is stopped. By reading the data changes of water supply cylinder 1 and liquid accumulation cylinder 6 within a fixed time interval, the soil infiltration rate and exudation rate of the ring cutter can be calculated respectively.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a portable ring knife penetration test method in mountainous areas, which is carried out using the above test device and includes the following steps:

Step 1: Select the soil acquisition site in the field, use the ring cutter 5 to take the undisturbed soil, and put it vertically into the ring cutter outer cylinder 502 for later use;

Step 2: Insert the 1cm cylinder wall exposed below the cylinder 304 of the water head controller 3 from the top of the balance bracket 4 into the round hole of the fixed panel 401, so that the bottom of the cylinder wall is in contact with the top of the waterproof sealing ring 404, and the inner walls of the two are in the same position. on a flat surface, and align the four screw holes of the cylinder fixed panel 305 with the four screw holes in the center of the fixed panel 401;

Step 3: Install the soil-absorbing ring cutter body 501 into the ring-knife outer cylinder 502, with the tip facing downward, press the dense mesh, and then put the soil-boring ring knife body 501 1cm higher than the ring-knife outer cylinder fixed panel 503 Insert the circular hole of the fixed panel 401 from the bottom of the balance bracket 4, make the top of the ring knife wall of the soil-collecting ring cutter body 501 contact the bottom of the waterproof sealing ring 404, the inner walls of the two are on the same plane, and make the outer cylinder of the ring cutter The four screw holes of the fixed panel 503 are aligned with the four screw holes in the center of the fixed panel 401;

Step 4: Connect the water head controller 3, the ring cutter 5 containing the undisturbed soil and the fixed panel 401 of the balance bracket 4 with butterfly bolts, so that the waterproof sealing ring 404 is between the bottom of the cylinder wall 304 and the soil ring cutter body The top of the 501 ring knife wall is tightly pressed in the middle to prevent water leakage;

Step 5: Hang the fluid accumulation cylinder 6 on the screws 405 on both sides of the balance bracket 4 through the rope, so that the fluid accumulation cylinder 6 is located below the ring knife 5, adjust the retractable support rod 402 of the balance bracket 4, and observe the level 403 to fix the panel. 401 level;

Step 6: According to the specific water head, adjust the height of the water inlet hard pipe 301 of the water head controller 3 so that the water level controlled by the float inlet valve 303 is equal to the water level corresponding to the design water head. Fill the water supply measuring cylinder 1 with water so that the water head controller 3 The water level reaches the water level corresponding to the design head, and the water level of water supply measuring cylinder 1 is maintained at a high water level, recorded as L0, and the time is recorded as T0 = 0, and then the fixed time interval is recorded as Tn, and the water level change reading of water supply measuring cylinder 1 is recorded as Lnin, and the infiltration The rate calculation formula is Vin=Lnin/Tn;

Step 7: The time when the tester collects the first drop of water from the liquid accumulation cylinder 6 is recorded as Ts. The fixed time interval is recorded as Tn. The water level change reading in the liquid accumulation cylinder 6 is recorded as Lnout. The calculation formula for the leakage rate is V=Lnout/Tn. ;The monitoring time interval can be adjusted according to requirements, generally calculated as 10s-15s;

Step 8: When the data to be monitored stabilizes around a fixed value, end the experiment after monitoring for a period of time, use a clamp to clamp hose 2 to stop water supply; loosen the butterfly bolts fixing panel 401, and remove the ring knife 5. Use the soil ring cutter body 501 to drain the water in the water head controller, replace it with another undisturbed soil sample, and repeat steps one to seven to test the infiltration rate and exudation rate of another undisturbed soil sample.

The above are only specific implementations of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes within the technical scope disclosed by the present utility model. Or replacement, all should be covered within the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. Mountain area portable cutting ring infiltration test device, its characterized in that: including water supply graduated flask (1), hose (2), water head controller (3), balance support (4), cutting ring (5), hydrops graduated flask (6), water head controller (3) are connected with water supply graduated flask (1) through hose (2), water head controller (3), cutting ring (5) are fixed in balance support (4), balance support (4) include fixed panel (401), locate the round hole at fixed panel (401) middle part and install in install waterproof sealing circle (404) in the round hole, water head controller (3)'s bottom is connected through waterproof sealing circle (404) with cutting ring (5) top, hydrops graduated flask (6) are located cutting ring (5) below, water head controller (3) are used for receiving water supply of water supply graduated flask (1) and control water level and reach the corresponding water level of design water head, and water head controller (3), the internal diameter of cutting ring (5) and hydrops graduated flask (6) is the same, water head controller (3) and the scale mark of the water head height on the section of thick bamboo wall of hydrops graduated flask (6).

2. The mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test device according to claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the water supply measuring cylinder (1) is 5.046cm, the scale range of scale marks on the cylinder wall is not less than 30cm, the minimum scale is not more than 1cm, and the capacity is not less than 0.5L.

3. The mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test device according to claim 1, wherein: the water head controller (3) comprises a water inlet hard tube (301), a water inlet hard tube bracket (302), a floating ball water inlet valve (303) and a cylinder body (304), wherein the water inlet hard tube bracket (302) is fixed on the balance bracket (4) through a butterfly bolt, the water inlet hard tube (301) is fixed on the water inlet hard tube bracket (302) through the butterfly bolt, the water inlet hard tube (301) is adjustable in height, the top and the bottom of the cylinder body (304) are both in an opening design, the floating ball water inlet valve (303) is connected to the water inlet hard tube (301), so that the floating ball water inlet valve (303) corresponds to different scales on the cylinder body (304), and different water head adjustment is realized.

4. A mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the scale on the cylinder wall of the cylinder body (304) starts to measure from the bottom of the cylinder wall, the measuring range is not less than 30cm, and the minimum scale is not more than 1cm.

5. The mountain area portable ring cutter infiltration test apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein: a cylinder fixing panel (305) is arranged outside the cylinder wall at the position 1.5cm above the bottom of the cylinder (304), and the height of the cylinder wall below the cylinder fixing panel is 1cm.

6. A mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the floating ball water inlet valve (303) is a differential pressure type floating ball water inlet valve, and the maximum outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the barrel (304).

7. The mountain portable ring cutter infiltration test device according to claim 1, wherein: the balance bracket (4) comprises a fixed panel (401), a telescopic supporting rod (402), a level meter (403), a waterproof sealing ring (404) and a screw (405); the fixed panel (401) is rectangular, the diameter of a round hole in the center of the fixed panel (401) is slightly larger than the outer diameter of a cylinder body (304) and a soil taking ring cutter body (501) of the water head controller (3), four corners of the round hole are hinged with 4 telescopic supporting rods (402) through butterfly bolts, the level meter (403) is fixed on the fixed panel (401), and the telescopic supporting rods (402) are hinged on the fixed panel (401) through screws.

8. The mountain portable ring cutter infiltration testing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the cutting ring (5) comprises a soil taking cutting ring body (501), a cutting ring outer cylinder body (502) and a cutting ring outer cylinder body fixing panel (503), wherein an undisturbed soil body to be measured is placed in the soil taking cutting ring body (501), the lower end is a tip part, and the upper part of the cutting ring outer cylinder body (502) is a rectangular cutting ring outer cylinder body fixing panel (503) which is fixedly connected with the fixing panel (401) through a butterfly bolt; the lower part of the ring cutter outer cylinder body (502) is provided with coarse sand which is uniformly distributed, a dense mesh net is arranged above the coarse sand, a metal pore plate is arranged below the coarse sand, the diameter of the metal pore plate is the same as the inner diameter of the soil taking ring cutter body (501), and the pore diameters of the dense mesh net and the metal pore plate are not more than 1mm.