CN103105480A - Simulation test method for measuring runoff energy dissipation and sediment retention effect of ditch bed vegetations of gulch - Google Patents
Simulation test method for measuring runoff energy dissipation and sediment retention effect of ditch bed vegetations of gulch Download PDFInfo
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- CN103105480A CN103105480A CN2013100310253A CN201310031025A CN103105480A CN 103105480 A CN103105480 A CN 103105480A CN 2013100310253 A CN2013100310253 A CN 2013100310253A CN 201310031025 A CN201310031025 A CN 201310031025A CN 103105480 A CN103105480 A CN 103105480A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation test method for measuring runoff energy dissipation and a sediment retention effect of ditch bed vegetations of a gulch. The simulation test method comprises the following steps of: 1. arranging 5 parallel ditch beds, planting the vegetations into part of the ditch beds, extending the vegetations from the bottoms of the ditch beds towards the upstream to form a vegetation zone, arranging a flow stabilization basin in the upstream directions of the ditch beds, and arranging a monitoring section for every 2m along the length of a water flow direction of each ditch bed; 2. performing a water drainage test for twice or three times by using the flow stabilization basin, monitoring the change of the runoff sediment content of each ditch bed under the influence of the vegetations for every 10 minutes on the monitoring section, and monitoring the flow speed, the runoff depth and the runoff width of runoff passing through the sections at one time; and 3. after the water drainage test is performed at each time, repairing the terrain, and then performing the test for the next time. By the test method, a gulch growth process under different vegetation growth modes and different vegetation coverage degrees can be simulated; and a dissipation mechanism for the runoff energy and a sedimentation reduction and retention theory of conditions of the vegetations in the gulch can be detected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Agro-ecology test method, be specifically related to a kind ofly measure coombe ditch bed vegetation to the simulation experiment method of runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect.
Background technology
Coombe typically refers to the souring due to ephemeral drainage, the zanjon that forms in the hillside fields.Ravinement is a kind of important soil erosion pattern, and its accelerated soil erosion speed causes serious land deterioration.Simultaneously, coombe is grown aggravation earth's surface fragmentation process, affects soil cultivating and other soil and utilizes, and threatens the facilities such as road, building.Coombe or the important sources of sediment yield in river basin, Poesen etc. have been summed up the ratio that global 56 regional ravinement amounts account for soil erosion total amount, wherein have the ratio in 43 areas to surpass 30%, have reached the most at high proportion 94%.The research of domestic scholars also shows, in China, comprises that the gully and valley erosion sediment yield of coombe, dissected valley can account for the over half of sediment yield in river basin total amount.Ravinement in recent years becomes a large focus in soil erosion study field gradually, receives more and more scholars' concern.Yet because the coombe growth course is complicated, influence factor is numerous, the experimental simulation difficulty, and the research difficulty is large, and is with respect to the erosion caused by sloping surfaces, also comparatively weak to the mechanism research of ravinement.
Grow the area at coombe, there is material impact in ditch bed vegetation to Runoff Energy and sediment movement, it effectively reduces runoff kinetic energy, the interception runoff and sediment, cause moving on the Sediment Siltation position, ditch bed gradient reduces, and then has affected the speed of ditch head head erosion and the active degree of whole coombe, yet ditch bed vegetation still lacks systematic study to runoff energy dissipating sediment control effect mechanism.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mensuration coombe ditch bed vegetation effectively and reasonably to the simulation experiment method of runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind ofly measure coombe ditch bed vegetation to the simulation experiment method of runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect, comprise the steps:
Step 4, form 60% vegetation cover degree by wiping out vegetation ground in the mode of upper part, then repeating step two, three;
Step 6, form 20% vegetation cover degree by wiping out vegetation ground in the mode of upper part, then repeating step two, three;
Step 7, wipe out whole vegetation ground with the upper part, form 0% vegetation cover degree, then repeating step two, three;
Namely completed and measured coombe ditch bed vegetation to the simulation test of runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect.
Further scheme is: in described step 2, controlling by flowmeter the flow that at every turn discharges water is 5 m
3/ h.
In step 3, landform reparation is referred on the ditch bed, the soil that washes away loss after outflow test is repaired, after repairing on the ditch bed without significantly washing away vestige, and to repair the soil that adopts be native with ditch bed soil types, upper soll layer that character is identical near the ditch bed.
The present invention can try one's best and simulate accurately coombe ditch bed vegetation to runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect, from the length of the zone of vegetation, the difference setting of vegetation cover degree, can reflect the impact of different vegetation states on runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect under actual conditions.In test determination, the mode of vegetation distribution mode for upstream extending from the downstream, this is the normally upstream growth gradually from the downstream due to ditch bed vegetation, therefore this in-situ test does not relate to the soil body and moves, less to the soil structures disturbance, furthermore the vegetation distribution mode is very near actual conditions, so the more traditional simulation laboratory test of this simulation experiment method is more realistic, and acquired results and actual conditions are approached more.
Utilize test method of the present invention, can simulate coombe growth course under different vegetation growth patterns and vegetation cover degree, verify ditch bed vegetation state subduing mechanism and subtracting husky sediment control effect mechanism Runoff Energy, on disclose vegetation on the coombe active degree to affect mechanism significant, improve and act on playing certain replenishing about the elaboration of the growth course of coombe and stabiliser in geomorphology and the soil erosion simultaneously.The test method global design is reasonable, has operability, is suitable for coombe and grows when similar research is carried out in the area and widely popularize.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is simulation test schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is five ditch beds of the present invention and vegetation schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is 5 vegetation cover degree schematic diagram under a certain vegetation distribution pattern in the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind ofly measure coombe ditch bed vegetation to the simulation experiment method of runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect, comprise the steps:
Step 4, form 60% vegetation cover degree by wiping out vegetation ground in the mode of upper part, then repeating step two, three;
Step 6, form 20% vegetation cover degree by wiping out vegetation ground in the mode of upper part, then repeating step two, three;
Step 7, wipe out whole vegetation ground with the upper part, form 0% vegetation cover degree, then repeating step two, three;
Namely completed and measured coombe ditch bed vegetation to the simulation test of runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect.
In step 3, landform reparation is referred on the ditch bed, the soil that washes away loss after outflow test is repaired, after repairing on the ditch bed without significantly washing away vestige, and to repair the soil that adopts be native with ditch bed soil types, upper soll layer that character is identical near the ditch bed.
As shown in Figure 2, be five ditch beds of the present invention and vegetation schematic diagram; And accompanying drawing 3 is 5 vegetation cover degree schematic diagram under the vegetation distribution pattern that has the long zone of vegetation of 16m in the present invention.
The present invention can fairly simple mensuration obtains the relation of enough ditch bed vegetation and runoff energy dissipating sediment trapping effect, and very large utilization and promotional value are arranged.
Claims (3)
1. measure coombe ditch bed vegetation to the simulation experiment method of runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect for one kind, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1,5 parallel ditch beds of layout, the length of ditch edge of bed water (flow) direction is 20m, width is 2m, plant vegetation in part ditch bed, vegetation upstream extends to form the zone of vegetation bottom the ditch bed, and the zone of vegetation is respectively 0 m, 4 m, 8 m, 12 m and 16 m along the length of water (flow) direction, and form 80% vegetation cover degree by wiping out vegetation ground in the mode of upper part, updrift side at the ditch bed is provided with equalization pond, on the length of ditch edge of bed water (flow) direction, is provided with a monitoring section every 2m;
Step 2, utilize equalization pond to carry out the outflow test of 2 to 3 times, controlling the flow that at every turn discharges water is 5 m
3/ h, the flushing time that at every turn discharges water is 1h, on monitoring section, every 10min, collects the runoff sample that passes through this section with plastic bottle, is used for the variation of monitoring Vegetation Effect hyposulculus bed radial flow sediment content; On monitoring section, when every 10min monitoring is once passed through section, flow velocity, depth of runoff, the runoff of runoff are wide simultaneously;
Step 3, after each outflow test, landform is repaired one week of sedimentation after reparation, then carry out next time and test, and guarantee that the outflow test number of times of each ditch bed is identical;
Step 4, form 60% vegetation cover degree by wiping out vegetation ground in the mode of upper part, then repeating step two, three;
Step 5, form 40% vegetation cover degree by wiping out vegetation ground in the mode of upper part, then repeating step two, three;
Step 6, form 20% vegetation cover degree by wiping out vegetation ground in the mode of upper part, then repeating step two, three;
Step 7, wipe out whole vegetation ground with the upper part, form 0% vegetation cover degree, then repeating step two, three;
Namely completed and measured coombe ditch bed vegetation to the simulation test of runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect.
2. measure according to claim 1 coombe ditch bed vegetation to the simulation experiment method of runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, controlling by flowmeter the flow that at every turn discharges water is 5 m
3/ h.
3. measure according to claim 1 coombe ditch bed vegetation to the simulation experiment method of runoff energy dissipating and sediment trapping effect, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, landform reparation is referred on the ditch bed, the soil that washes away loss after outflow test is repaired, after repairing on the ditch bed without significantly washing away vestige, and to repair the soil that adopts be native with ditch bed soil types, upper soll layer that character is identical near the ditch bed.
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| CN105486601A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-13 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for simulating washout of dam overflow surface and test structure model adopted by method |
| CN112284682A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-01-29 | 云南大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating gully head falling acupoint development |
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| CN112284682A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-01-29 | 云南大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating gully head falling acupoint development |
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