CN106526125A - Dual-varying-slope erosion groove and interflow determining instrument and determining method thereof - Google Patents
Dual-varying-slope erosion groove and interflow determining instrument and determining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106526125A CN106526125A CN201610901403.2A CN201610901403A CN106526125A CN 106526125 A CN106526125 A CN 106526125A CN 201610901403 A CN201610901403 A CN 201610901403A CN 106526125 A CN106526125 A CN 106526125A
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- soil
- interflow
- soil erosion
- erosion groove
- groove
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-varying-slope erosion groove and interflow determining instrument and a determining method thereof. A model fixing support formed by welding a lower soil erosion groove, an upper soil erosion groove and a steel frame is arranged, and the upper and lower bottom ends of the model fixing support are each connected with a lifting device. The upper soil erosion groove and the lower soil erosion groove are connected through a plastic transition belt. The soil erosion groove is divided into a left part and a right part through a soil erosion groove partition plate, and the lower soil erosion groove is connected with an interflow collector and a surface flow collector. The invention further relates to the determining method adopting the dual-varying-slope erosion groove and interflow determining instrument in the soil water erosion process; by adopting the instrument, slope surface micro-topographies of different concave-convex forms can be constructed; by determining interflow, surface flow, sediment, slope surface erosion morphology, the number and sizes of rills and other important parameters, quantitative analysis can be performed on the rules of occurrence and development of soil water erosion in the whole precipitation process, and the application range is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil erosion monitoring, more specifically refer to it is a kind of it is double become slope etching tank and interflow determining instrument and its
Assay method.
Background technology
Slope Soil Erosion Process and water regime are one of requisite contents in water and soil conservation disciplinary study, so
And, relatively important sex chromosome mosaicism of the different runoff components during slope water erosion does not cause enough attention, and traditional is domatic
Soil erosion process measurement focuses mostly in terms of face erosion and rill erosion, is primarily upon rainwash this hydrologic process, ignores
Impact of the interflow to erosion process.Interflow can produce shadow by affecting soil aperture water pressure to soil anti-shear strength
Ring, the hydraulic gradient potential difference during survey is oozed can change the resistance that soil particle departs from soil matrix, while to stripped
Carried into the grogs in interflow.The research of runoff plots equipment predominantly stayed in adopting for slope surface runoff in the past
Collection, it is impossible to determine interflow flow, easily produces larger error, affects the precision of Soil erosion measurement.Interflow is formed
The quantitative study and calculating of process relatively lags behind, so that it cannot carrying out the research of deep refinement to slope water erosion process.Meanwhile,
The erosion caused by sloping surfaces test model is required to adjust the gradient, although department pattern reaches this requirement, with scientific research
Deepen continuously, slope pattern is required also to become increasingly complex, increasing research needs to convert domatic rough pattern, so as to
The domatic impact to soil water erosion process of the different rough patterns of analysis, so a kind of pair of design becomes slope etching tank and interflow is determined
Instrument is necessary.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of runoff plots that can arrange domatic different rough patterns according to requirement of experiment, solution
The observation problem of rainwash and the interflow of having determined, so that provide a kind of change slope erosion measurement instrument.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution：
Double change slopes etching tank and interflow determining instrument, including at least two section Soil erosion grooves；All Soil erosion grooves set
Put point-blank, constitute Soil erosion groove chain；The cavity that Soil erosion groove is upper end open, the Soil erosion are saved often
Groove, connects between neighboring soil etching tank；All Soil erosion groove two ends are respectively connected with elevation and subsidence regulating device, the lift adjustment
Device is used for adjusting the height at the Soil erosion groove two ends respectively；The bottom land of the Soil erosion groove is provided with Soil erosion
Trench bottom baffle plate, is provided with space, the soil between the Soil erosion trench bottom baffle plate and the Soil erosion groove bottom land
Interflow collection hole array is provided with etching tank bottom baffle, and the interflow collection hole array gathers hole group by interflow
Into；
The outer face of the Soil erosion groove of described Soil erosion groove chain one end be erosion measurement plate, the erosion measurement
Interflow is provided with plate determines hole array；The interflow determines hole array and is made up of interflow measure hole；Described erosion is surveyed
The lateral surface of fixed board is provided with interflow catcher.
Further, Soil erosion groove demarcation strip is provided with all Soil erosion grooves, and the Soil erosion groove separates
Plane residing for plate is parallel with Soil erosion groove closure；The Soil erosion groove is separated by the Soil erosion groove demarcation strip
For two equal parts of volume；Erosion measurement plate described in the Soil erosion groove divides is two parts, and a part is
Rainwash deflector, another part are interflow assay plate；Interflow on the rainwash deflector determines hole whole
Sealing, is connected with rainwash collecting tank on the outside of the rainwash deflector upper end, the rainwash collecting tank is connected with
Rainwash catcher.
Further, the Soil erosion groove is provided with two sections, respectively underlying soil etching tank, top Soil erosion
Groove；The underlying soil etching tank is the erosion measurement plate away from the end face of the top Soil erosion groove；The bottom soil
Earth etching tank bottom land rotates connection, the underlying soil etching tank groove with the top Soil erosion groove bottom land by being connected capstan winch
Bottom is provided with plastic cement intermediate zone with the junction of the top Soil erosion groove bottom land, and the plastic cement intermediate zone is used for sealing described
Soil at connection capstan winch.
Model fixed support that the elevation and subsidence regulating device includes being arranged on ground, lower hydraulic elevator, top liquid
Pressure elevator；The connection capstan winch is connected with the movable end of lower hydraulic elevator, the fixation of the lower hydraulic elevator
That what is held is connected with the model fixed support；The top Soil erosion groove away from below described connection capstan winch one end with it is described
The movable end of top hydraulic lifter is connected, and the fixing end of the top hydraulic lifter is connected with the fixed support；
The underlying soil etching tank is away from being provided with support capstan winch, the underlying soil etching tank below described connection capstan winch one end
Rotated with the model fixed support by the support capstan winch and be connected.
Further, the interflow catcher is arranged at intervals with least two interflow outlet tubes, and the interflow is defeated
Valve is provided with outlet pipe.
Further, the distance between adjacent described interflow collection hole is 2cm, and the interflow collection hole internal diameter is
1cm；It is 2cm that the adjacent interflow determines the distance between hole, and it is 1cm that the interflow determines hole internal diameter；The soil is invaded
High 5～the 10cm in space between erosion trench bottom baffle plate and the Soil erosion groove bottom land.
Further, the Soil erosion groove both sides are provided with antiskid pedal and handrail.
Using double change slopes etching tank and the assay method of interflow determining instrument, comprise the steps：
Step one, from field acquisition pedotheque, according to experimental design, pedotheque is sieved；In the bottom
The above-mentioned pedotheque of layering filling in Soil erosion groove and the top Soil erosion groove；Compacting soil sample, and control soil
Unit weight and initial water content are in the range of experimental design；
Step 2, by the top hydraulic lifter and the lower hydraulic elevator by the underlying soil etching tank
The gradient needed for experimental design and rough pattern are adjusted to the top Soil erosion groove；
Step 3, calibration rainfall intensity, adjustment sprinkler will become slope erosion measurement instrument to default raininess is tested
It is placed in the rainfall region of sprinkler；
Step 4, the opening valve, open sprinkler, start rainfall simulation experiment；
The current that step 5, observation rainwash catcher and interflow catcher flow out, once there is into continuing for stock
Husky current are taken stably, record produces stream moment and rainfall duration；After Soil Slope produce stream it is stable after, collect per 2min an earth's surface and
The stream silt sample of interflow footpath 5 terminates to rainfall, in whole rainfall, measures rainwash and interflow runoff and sediment gross sample
Quality, run-off and sediment yield multiple parameters；
After step 6, rainfall terminate, moisture content, the erosion caused by sloping surfaces form, the quantity of rill after soil rain in measurement etching tank
With size, the soil weight.
Also include respectively from the underlying soil etching tank and the upper, middle and lower of the top Soil erosion groove in step 5
Three positions measure rainwash flow velocity with stain method, observe and record the kenel of colored runoff.
Double change slope etching tanks of the invention and interflow determining instrument major advantage are as follows：Easy to operate, Measure Precision is high, profit
With double change slopes etching tank and the domatic mima type microrelief of the different rough patterns of interflow determining instrument construction such that it is able to realize differently
Shape Soil Under Conditions water erosion process is accurately simulated；By determining interflow in whole rainfall, rainwash, silt, domatic
The important parameters such as erosion form, the quantity of rill and size, can be by the generation development rule of soil water erosion in whole rainfall
Rule carries out quantitative analyses, applied range.Double change slopes etching tank and interflow determining instrument are arranged on model fixed support, side
Just move, it is adaptable to outdoor natural rainfall monitoring experiment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is double top views for becoming slope etching tank and interflow determining instrument of the invention.
Fig. 2 is double side views for becoming slope etching tank and interflow determining instrument of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Soil erosion trench bottom cover plate of the present invention.
In figure：Rainwash catcher 1；Interflow catcher 2；Soil erosion groove under shield 3；Handrail 4；Pedal 5；
Rainwash deflector 6；Soil erosion trench bottom baffle plate 7；Underlying soil etching tank 8；Soil erosion groove demarcation strip 9；Plastic cement mistake
Cross band 10；Model fixed support 11；Lower hydraulic elevator 12；Top hydraulic lifter 13；Top Soil erosion groove 14.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail, but the embodiment should not be construed
Limitation of the present invention, it is only for example, while by illustrate advantages of the present invention will become clearer from it is easy to understand.
As shown in drawings, double change slopes etching tank and interflow determining instrument, including arrange by underlying soil etching tank 8, on
The model fixed support 11 that portion Soil erosion groove 14 and steelframe are welded, described 8 one end of underlying soil etching tank are solid with model
Fixed rack 11 is hinged, and the other end is hinged with lower hydraulic elevator 12, described 14 one end of top Soil erosion groove and lower hydraulic
Elevator 12 is hinged, and the other end is hinged with top hydraulic lifter 13；The top Soil erosion groove 14 is corroded with underlying soil
Groove 8 is connected by plastic cement intermediate zone 10, and the Soil erosion groove is divided into left and right two parts by Soil erosion groove demarcation strip 9,
It is easy to the sample of parallel check experiment to arrange, the Soil erosion groove both sides are equipped with handrail 4, pedal 5；
8 angle of inclination of underlying soil etching tank can be adjusted by lower hydraulic elevator 12, angle adjustment model
It is trapped among between 0～30 degree；14 angle of inclination of top Soil erosion groove can pass through top hydraulic lifter 12 and lower hydraulic
Elevator 13 is adjusted, and angle adjustment scope is between -30～30 degree；
The afterbody of the underlying soil etching tank 8 is provided with Soil erosion groove under shield 3 and Soil erosion trench bottom gear
Plate 7, the lower section of underlying soil etching tank 8 are connected with interflow catcher 2, be provided with galvanized iron sheet and beat above interflow catcher 2
The rainwash deflector 6 of system, i.e., limit rainwash with the sealing function of rainwash deflector 6 and can only cover ground
Table runoff deflector 6 flows to catcher, realizes rainwash function detached with interflow；The underlying soil etching tank 8 leads to
Cross 6 connecting T-shaped rainwash catcher 1 of rainwash deflector.
Preferably, underlying soil etching tank 8 is long 4m, width 2m, the steel tank of depth 70cm, and top Soil erosion groove 14 is to grow
3m, width 2m, the steel tank of depth 70cm, the Soil erosion groove bottom land are steel plate back cover, are being set at Soil erosion groove bottom land 5cm
Soil erosion trench bottom baffle plate 7 is equipped with, the Soil erosion trench bottom baffle plate is divided into upper and lower two parts, underlying soil etching tank bottom
The a length of 4m of portion's baffle plate, a width of 2m, a length of 3m of top Soil erosion trench bottom baffle plate, a width of 2m, the Soil erosion trench bottom gear
At intervals of 2cm, internal diameter interflow collection hole for 1cm is laid on plate 7 uniformly.
Preferably, interflow catcher 2 is long 50cm, width 2m, the steel tank of depth 70cm, is welded on underlying soil etching tank
Together, separated by Soil erosion groove under shield 3 and soil sample in etching tank, a left side is divided into by Soil erosion groove demarcation strip 9
Right two parts, the lower left corner and the lower right corner of interflow catcher have the interflow outlet tube of internal diameter 2cm, and interflow is defeated
Outlet pipe closes valve by valve switch, when experiment need not survey interflow flow.
Preferably, pedal 5 be long 50cm, the metal skid-proof plate of width 40cm, be fixed on Soil erosion groove both sides, wherein under
Portion Soil erosion groove 8 has each side laid 7 pieces of pedals, and top Soil erosion groove 14 has each side laid 5 pieces of feet
Pedal, 4 points of handrail are two parts, be wherein welded on the outside of underlying soil etching tank pedal for long 4m, the rectangle of high 90cm
Steel handrail, be welded on the outside of the Soil erosion groove pedal of top for long 3m, the rectangle steel handrail of high 90cm.By foot-operated
The setting of plate and handrail, is easy to experiment operator collection in worksite data.
Using above-mentioned double soil water erosion process assay methods for becoming slope etching tank and interflow determining instrument, including following step
Suddenly：
Step one, from field acquisition soil sample, according to experimental design, after sieving, layering filling, compacting in the Soil erosion groove
Experiment soil simultaneously controls the soil weight and initial water content.
Step 2, Soil erosion groove is adjusted to by experiment by top hydraulic lifter 12 and lower hydraulic elevator 13 sets
The gradient and rough pattern needed for meter.
Before step 3, formal rainfall, calibration rainfall intensity, then adjusted to the raininess needed for experiment, by soil water erosion
Process determining instrument is placed in rainfall region.
Step 4, opening interflow catcher valve, and rainwash deflector 6 is covered above interflow catcher 2
It is connected with T-shaped rainwash catcher 1, opens sprinkler, starts rainfall simulation experiment.
Step 5, observation go out head piece and interflow goes out that stock once occurs in head piece continually and steadily takes Sha Shui when rainwash
Stream, record produce stream moment and rainfall duration.After Soil Slope product stream is stable, an earth's surface and interflow runoff mud is collected per 2min
Sand-like terminates to rainfall, in whole rainfall, measures rainwash flow and interflow runoff rate and sediment yield.Rainfall
Cheng Zhong, measures earth's surface from the position of the upper, middle and lower of underlying soil etching tank and top Soil erosion groove three with stain method respectively
Runoff velocity, observes the kenel of runoff with colored a fluid stream method；
After step 6, rainfall terminate, moisture content, the erosion caused by sloping surfaces form, the quantity of rill after soil rain in measurement etching tank
With size, the soil weight.The data that Binding experiment is measured, precisely calculate erosion form, the soil losses way of Soil Slope water erosion
Footpath and erosion amount.
Below do not elaborate and be prior art.
Claims (9)
1. slope etching tank and interflow determining instrument pair are become, it is characterised in that：Including at least two section Soil erosion grooves；All soil
Etching tank is arranged point-blank, constitutes Soil erosion groove chain；The cavity that Soil erosion groove is upper end open is saved often, it is described
Soil erosion groove, connects between neighboring soil etching tank；All Soil erosion groove two ends are respectively connected with elevation and subsidence regulating device, described
Elevation and subsidence regulating device is used for adjusting the height at the Soil erosion groove two ends respectively；The bottom land of the Soil erosion groove is provided with
Soil erosion trench bottom baffle plate (7), is provided between Soil erosion trench bottom baffle plate (7) and the Soil erosion groove bottom land
Space, is provided with interflow collection hole array on Soil erosion trench bottom baffle plate (7), interflow collection hole array by
Interflow collection hole composition；
The outer face of the Soil erosion groove of described Soil erosion groove chain one end is erosion measurement plate, on the erosion measurement plate
It is provided with interflow and determines hole array；The interflow determines hole array and is made up of interflow measure hole；The erosion measurement plate
Lateral surface be provided with interflow catcher (2).
2. according to claim 1 pair becomes slope etching tank and interflow determining instrument, it is characterised in that：All Soil erosions
Soil erosion groove demarcation strip (9) is provided with groove, and plane residing for Soil erosion groove demarcation strip (9) is connected with Soil erosion groove
Connect direction parallel；The Soil erosion groove is divided into two equal parts of volume by Soil erosion groove demarcation strip (9)；
It is two parts that described Soil erosion groove demarcation strip (9) separate the erosion measurement plate, and a part is rainwash deflector (6),
Another part is interflow assay plate；Interflow on rainwash deflector (6) determines hole and all seals, the earth's surface
Rainwash collecting tank is connected with the outside of runoff deflector (6) upper end, and the rainwash collecting tank is connected with rainwash receipts
Storage (1).
3. according to claim 2 pair becomes slope etching tank and interflow determining instrument, it is characterised in that：The Soil erosion
Groove is provided with two sections, respectively underlying soil etching tank (8), top Soil erosion groove (14)；Underlying soil etching tank (8)
It is the erosion measurement plate away from the end face of top Soil erosion groove (14)；Underlying soil etching tank (8) bottom land with
Top Soil erosion groove (14) bottom land rotates connection, underlying soil etching tank (8) bottom land by connecting capstan winch (16)
The junction of top Soil erosion groove (14) bottom land is provided with plastic cement intermediate zone (10), described plastic cement intermediate zone (10) are used
In sealing connection capstan winch (16) the place soil.
4. according to claim 3 pair becomes slope etching tank and interflow determining instrument, it is characterised in that：The lift adjustment
Model fixed support (11) that device includes being arranged on ground, lower hydraulic elevator (12), top hydraulic lifter (13)；
Connection capstan winch (16) is connected with the movable end of lower hydraulic elevator (12), and lower hydraulic elevator (12) are consolidated
Fixed end is connected with model fixed support (11)；Top Soil erosion groove (14) are away from connection capstan winch (16)
It is connected with the movable end of top hydraulic lifter (13) below one end, the fixing end of top hydraulic lifter (13)
It is connected with the fixed support (11)；The lower section of underlying soil etching tank (8) away from described connection capstan winch (16) one end
Support capstan winch (15) is provided with, described underlying soil etching tank (8) are fixed by support capstan winch (15) and the model and propped up
Frame (11) rotates connection.
5. according to the arbitrary described double change slopes etching tank of claim 4 and interflow determining instrument, it is characterised in that：In the earth
Flow collector (2) is arranged at intervals with least two interflow outlet tubes, is provided with valve in the interflow outlet tube.
6. according to the arbitrary described double change slopes etching tank of claim 1-5 and interflow determining instrument, it is characterised in that：Adjacent institute
The distance between interflow collection hole is stated for 2cm, the interflow collection hole internal diameter is 1cm；The adjacent interflow determines hole
The distance between be 2cm, it is 1cm that the interflow determines hole internal diameter；Soil erosion trench bottom baffle plate (7) and the soil
High 5～the 10cm in space between etching tank bottom land.
7. according to claim 6 pair becomes slope etching tank and interflow determining instrument, it is characterised in that：The Soil erosion
Groove both sides are provided with antiskid pedal and handrail.
8. using the assay method of double change slopes etching tank and interflow determining instrument described in claim 5, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：
Step one, from field acquisition pedotheque, according to experimental design, pedotheque is sieved；In the underlying soil
The above-mentioned pedotheque of layering filling in etching tank (8) and the top Soil erosion groove (14)；Compacting soil sample, and control soil
Earth unit weight and initial water content are in the range of experimental design；
Step 2, the underlying soil is invaded by top hydraulic lifter (12) and the lower hydraulic elevator (13)
Erosion groove (8) and the top Soil erosion groove (14) are adjusted to the gradient needed for experimental design and rough pattern；
Step 3, calibration rainfall intensity, adjustment sprinkler will become slope erosion measurement instrument and are placed in default raininess is tested
The rainfall region of sprinkler；
Step 4, the opening valve, open sprinkler, start rainfall simulation experiment；
The current that step 5, observation rainwash catcher (1) and interflow catcher (2) flow out, once there is into holding for stock
Continuous stably to take husky current, record produces stream moment and rainfall duration；After Soil Slope product stream is stable, an earth's surface is collected per 2min
Terminate to rainfall with interflow runoff and sediment sample, in whole rainfall, measure rainwash flow and interflow runoff rate
And sediment yield；
After step 6, rainfall terminate, moisture content, the erosion caused by sloping surfaces form, the quantity of rill and chi after soil rain in measurement etching tank
The very little, soil weight.
9. the assay method of change slope erosion measurement instrument according to claim 8, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Also include in step 5 respectively from underlying soil etching tank (8) and the top Soil erosion groove (14) it is upper, in,
Lower three positions measure rainwash flow velocity with stain method, observe and record the kenel of colored runoff.
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| CN201610901403.2A CN106526125A (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | Dual-varying-slope erosion groove and interflow determining instrument and determining method thereof |
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| CN201610901403.2A CN106526125A (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | Dual-varying-slope erosion groove and interflow determining instrument and determining method thereof |
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| CN109425722A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-03-05 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of runoff of sloping field and corrode sink experimental provision |
| CN107677791A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-02-09 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Rainfall and traffic vibration synergy slope unstability physical model test device |
| CN110244019A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-09-17 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of runoff laboratory vehicle and the soil water go out to flow observation system |
| CN110375668A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-25 | 西北农林科技大学 | Loess Surface mima type microrelief Surface Reconstruction based on point cloud data |
| CN111796075A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-10-20 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Terrace-structured device for simulating slope surface water and soil loss and non-point source pollution |
| CN112289112A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-29 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Variable slope type runoff field water erosion simulation teaching system and measuring method |
| CN112289112B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-12-14 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Changeable slope formula runoff field water erosion simulation teaching system |
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