CN111105600A - Cutting slope stability dynamic monitoring and early warning system and method based on rainfall condition - Google Patents
Cutting slope stability dynamic monitoring and early warning system and method based on rainfall condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting slope stability dynamic monitoring and early warning system and method based on rainfall conditions, wherein a first fixed pile is embedded in the top of each grade of slope of a cutting slope to be monitored, a second fixed pile is embedded at the toe of each grade of slope, a guide wheel is arranged at the turning position of the slope surface of the slope, one end of a lead is fixedly connected with the first fixed pile, the lead sequentially bypasses each guide wheel along the slope surface, the other end of the lead is fixedly connected with the second fixed pile, and a high-precision displacement monitoring sensor is connected to the lead corresponding to the slope surface of each grade of slope; the middle part of the whole cutting slope to be monitored is provided with a rainfall monitoring device; the system also comprises a data acquisition transceiver, a numerical analysis and data statistics module, an early warning analysis platform and an early warning report platform. The method and the system dynamically monitor the parameters of the cutting slope in real time, have high data stability, and improve the early warning accuracy and timeliness by early warning the landslide possibly generated in the follow-up process of the slope in combination with the future weather condition, thereby being time-saving, labor-saving, safer and more economical.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and relates to a cutting slope stability dynamic monitoring and early warning system and method based on rainfall conditions.
Background
The highway transportation is flexible and changeable, the transportation volume is large, the speed is high, but the breadth of our country is wide, the terrain and geological conditions are complex, and the highway geological disasters such as debris flow, landslide and the like caused by rainfall occur frequently, so that the life and property safety of people are threatened seriously, and huge losses are brought to the development of the transportation industry and social economy. The cutting side slope is an important component of highway engineering, whether the cutting side slope is stable under adverse weather conditions is an important factor for guaranteeing highway transportation safety, and therefore the method has important engineering significance and practical significance for dynamic monitoring and disaster early warning of the cutting side slope.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art: the traditional method for monitoring the slope stability on site by adopting a total station or other similar site manual work has the advantages of more accurate test result, long monitoring period, high labor consumption, unsafe manual test in the highway operation period and incapability of dynamically monitoring the slope stability in time under the extremely severe weather condition.
Chinese patent document CN104655101A discloses a high-precision wire type full-section slope stability monitoring and early warning system in 2015, 5.27.a wire is used to connect a displacement sensor and a stress sensor, the sensor monitoring data are all derived from the deformation of the wire, the source of the monitoring data is repeated, the deformation of the wire is greatly affected by weather conditions, artificial damage and other factors (such as strong wind, rain, snow or hail weather), and accurate judgment can not be made on the authenticity source of the wire deformation. Meanwhile, in the method, a lead is used for measuring the displacement of the full section, when one level of slope generates large displacement and the rest multiple levels of slopes generate small displacement, the whole monitoring system can cause the phenomenon of failure of the monitoring result, and the stable state of the slope is directly judged by monitoring the displacement and the tensile force with certain uncertainty.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a dynamic monitoring and early warning system for the stability of a cutting slope under a rainfall condition, which can dynamically monitor the parameters of the cutting slope in real time, has high stability of monitoring data, and can early warn landslides possibly generated in the follow-up process of the slope by combining the future weather conditions, thereby improving the early warning accuracy and timeliness, saving time and labor, being safer and more economical, providing important theoretical support for rapid slope protection reinforcement before the arrival of natural disasters, and solving the problems in the prior art.
The invention also aims to provide a dynamic monitoring and early warning method for the stability of the cutting slope under the rainfall condition.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that a dynamic monitoring and early warning system for the stability of a cutting slope under rainfall condition is characterized in that a first fixed pile is embedded at the top of each grade of the cutting slope to be monitored, a second fixed pile is embedded at the foot of each grade of the slope, a guide wheel is arranged at the turning position of the slope surface, one end of a lead is fixedly connected with the first fixed pile, the lead sequentially bypasses each guide wheel along the slope surface, the other end of the lead is fixedly connected with the second fixed pile, the lead is parallel to the corresponding slope surface, and a high-precision displacement monitoring sensor is connected to the lead corresponding to the slope surface of each grade of the slope and used for monitoring the actual displacement of each grade of the slope;
the middle part of the whole cutting slope to be monitored is provided with a rainfall monitoring device for monitoring the rainfall of the slope;
the monitoring and early warning system further comprises:
the data acquisition transceiver is used for receiving the monitoring data of the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor and the rainfall monitoring device and sending the monitoring data to the early warning analysis platform;
the numerical analysis and data statistics module is used for fitting according to the displacement of each grade of side slope of the cutting side slope to be monitored, the rainfall of the side slope and the safety coefficient of the side slope to obtain a model coefficient and sending the model coefficient to the early warning analysis platform;
and the early warning analysis platform is used for inputting the real-time monitored slope actual displacement and slope rainfall into the slope stability prediction model, determining the actual safety coefficient of the slope and sending early warning information through the early warning report platform.
Furthermore, a connecting section between each grade of side slope of the cutting side slope to be monitored is a platform.
Furthermore, a groove-shaped protective cover is arranged above the lead and the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor.
Furthermore, the guide wheels are fixed at corresponding positions on the side slope through guide wheel fixing piles respectively.
Furthermore, the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor is 3-5cm away from the surface of the side slope.
Further, the first fixing piles are buried in a stable and safe area of the top of each grade of slope.
Further, the data acquisition transceiver is installed near the rainfall monitoring device.
Further, the first fixing pile and the second fixing pile are both concrete cast piles.
A dynamic monitoring and early warning method for the stability of a cutting slope under a rainfall condition is provided, and the dynamic monitoring and early warning system for the stability of the cutting slope under the rainfall condition is adopted and specifically carried out according to the following steps:
s1, taking an original soil sample from each grade of the cutting slope to be monitored in the engineering site, and obtaining relevant physical and mechanical parameters of the soil body of the cutting slope to be monitored through an indoor test; selecting a representative cross section on the cutting slope to be monitored as a monitoring section, determining the size of the monitoring section, and drawing a monitoring section diagram to obtain a slope model;
s2, determining the slope top stability safety distance Ls of each grade of slope according to the engineering terrain, geology, the type and the protection form of the cutting slope to be monitored, embedding a first fixing pile in an area exceeding the slope top stability safety distance Ls, embedding a second fixing pile at the slope foot of each grade of slope, arranging guide wheels at the slope turning position of the slope, fixedly connecting one end of a lead with the first fixing pile, sequentially bypassing each guide wheel along the slope, fixedly connecting the other end of the lead with the second fixing pile, keeping the lead parallel to the corresponding slope, and connecting a high-precision displacement monitoring sensor on the lead corresponding to the slope of each grade of slope; the middle part of the whole cutting slope to be monitored is provided with a rainfall monitoring device; the system comprises a data acquisition transceiver, an early warning analysis platform and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition transceiver is used for receiving monitoring data of a high-precision displacement monitoring sensor and a rainfall monitoring device and sending the monitoring data to the early warning analysis platform; the data acquisition transceiver records the temperature of the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor during installation, compares the temperature difference between the installation and the data acquisition, and then multiplies the thermal expansion coefficient of the wire to calculate the deformation of the wire caused by the influence of the temperature and correct the deformation of the wire actually monitored by the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor;
s3, performing numerical simulation modeling and calculation on the cutting slope to be monitored through a numerical analysis and data statistics module; the numerical analysis and data statistics module comprises a rock-soil stress deformation analysis module, a seepage flow analysis module and a slope stability estimation module; inputting a side slope model of the cutting side slope to be monitored, a side slope compression modulus and rainfall into a rock-soil stress deformation analysis module to obtain stress and deformation of each section of the side slope model; inputting a slope model of a cutting slope to be monitored and a slope permeability coefficient into a seepage analysis module to obtain the pore water pressure of each section of the slope model; the rock-soil stress deformation analysis module and the seepage analysis module jointly calculate to obtain a model of change of slope deformation and pore water pressure along with time, the model of change of slope deformation and pore water pressure along with time is input into a slope stability estimation module, simultaneously, a slope model, physical and mechanical parameters and each grade of slope displacement of the cutting slope to be monitored are input into a slope stability analysis module to obtain safety coefficients of a unit soil body in the horizontal direction and the normal direction, the safety coefficient and the least safe slip surface of the cutting slope to be monitored are obtained through a finite element calculation and analysis module, further, numerical simulation is carried out on a large number of different rainfall values, each grade of slope displacement values and the safety coefficient corresponding to the cutting slope to be monitored, rules of slope change along with time under different conditions are obtained, and a database is formed;
s4, carrying out mathematical statistics analysis on the obtained database through a data analysis method, and fitting the rainfall numerical value, the displacement numerical value of each grade of slope and the safety factor corresponding to the cutting slope to be monitored to obtain a pre-estimated model Fs (a)0(x0)+a1(x1)+a2(x2)+a3(x3)+a4(x4)+…+an(xn) + b model parameters, where Fs represents the safety factor of the cutting slope, x0Indicating the amount of rainfall, x, of the cutting slope to be monitored1Representing the displacement, x, of the grade 1 slope2Displacement … …, x representing grade 2 slopenRepresenting the displacement of the nth grade slope, a0～anAnd b both represent model parameters;
s5, inputting the real-time monitored slope actual displacement and slope rainfall into a slope stability prediction model by the early warning analysis platform, and determining the actual safety coefficient of the slope; grading the stability of the current cutting slope according to the safety coefficient of the cutting slope, and sending out early warning information through an early warning report platform; and taking the slope safety coefficient corresponding to no rainfall as the upper limit of the grade-1 early warning value, taking the slope safety coefficient corresponding to the rainfall as the upper limit of the grade-2 early warning value, taking the lowest value allowed by the cutting slope safety coefficient as the lower limit of the grade-4 early warning value, and taking the average value of the upper limit of the grade-2 early warning value and the lower limit of the grade-4 early warning value as the upper limit of the grade-3 early warning value.
Further, in step S3:
the rock-soil stress deformation analysis module is used for calculating the relationship among the seepage velocity, the permeability coefficient, the unit water weight, the water content and the time of the unit soil body through Darcy's law differential equation of the unit soil body, and the formula is as follows:
and the seepage analysis module is used for calculating the Darcy law in the unsaturated soil body through the Darcy law to judge the relation among unit volume flow, total permeability coefficient and total head gradient: q ═ k · i, where q is the unit volume flow rate; k is the total permeability coefficient; i is the total head gradient;
the slope stability pre-estimation module is used for calculating the safety and stability of the slope based on a strip division method and a limit balance theory, firstly dividing the slope surface into soil mass units in the vertical direction, and then calculating the safety factors of the divided soil mass units in the horizontal direction and the normal direction according to the formulas (1) to (2):
normal moment balance safety factor Fm：
Horizontal static balance safety factor Ff：
In the formula:
c' -effective cohesion;
phi' — effective friction angle;
u-pore water pressure;
n-the normal force of the bottom of the soil strip;
Wx-the weight of the xth loam;
d, concentrated load;
β -conversion factor;
r is the distance from the center of the sliding arc to the sliding arc;
x is the distance from the center of the sliding arc to the center of the soil strip;
f, the vertical distance from the center of the sliding arc to the normal plane of the bottom of the soil strip;
d-moment of concentrated load;
omega-slope top stress included angle;
a is the inclination angle of the earth surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. monitoring data of the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor and the rainfall monitoring device are received through the data acquisition transceiver and are sent to the early warning analysis platform through wireless transmission; the numerical analysis and data statistics module carries out combined calculation and analysis on finite element numerical simulation, weather conditions and slope rock-soil body parameters to obtain a database between slope deformation and rainfall, and model coefficients of a slope stability prediction model are obtained through data fitting software based on the obtained database and are sent to an early warning analysis platform; the early warning analysis platform determines the actual safety coefficient of the side slope through the side slope stability estimation model, carries out early warning classification, sends out early warning information through the early warning report platform, is strong in global performance, can comprehensively consider the actual conditions of the side slope under different conditions, and greatly improves the accuracy of real-time early warning.
2. The high-precision displacement monitoring sensors on the side slopes at all levels are independently arranged with the conducting wires, so that the actual displacement of the side slopes at all levels can be accurately measured, the accuracy of monitoring and early warning is improved, and the problem that a monitoring system fails due to different displacement of the side slopes at all levels is solved; meanwhile, the protective cover is additionally arranged on the surface of the side slope, so that the influence of severe weather and other factors on monitoring data can be greatly reduced.
3. The data acquisition transceiving module adopted by the invention can transmit the field data into the slope early warning platform in real time, and the result is judged after the rapid calculation, so that the stability of the slope can be monitored in real time remotely and the early warning can be carried out, and the method has timeliness and dynamic tracking performance compared with the traditional mode of judging the result through expert experience or manually calculating after manual measurement. Because the side slope collapse is always generated instantly, the monitoring and early warning process of the invention has high timeliness and strong dynamic tracking performance, and gains time for relevant personnel to make a sufficient response scheme before the side slope collapse.
4. The traditional field monitoring mode has the defects of large work repetition and large labor consumption, and after the highway is driven by a vehicle, the slope is manually monitored, so that great hidden danger exists for the personal safety of measuring personnel; the invention realizes the combination of relevant theories and field monitoring data in the slope engineering, saves time and labor, is safer and more economic, and the layout of components is concentrated in the construction period and only needs to be laid once, thereby saving larger economic cost caused by repeated measurement and overcoming the defects of the traditional monitoring method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an early warning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the graded monitoring of the cutting slope according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a slope sensor arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of a slope sensor arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a pore water pressure plot of a slope at 1 mm/day of rainfall conditions in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a surface diagram of the most unsafe glide of the slope under rainfall conditions of 1 mm/day in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1, a first fixed pile, 2, a lead, 3, a guide wheel fixed pile, 4, a high-precision displacement monitoring sensor, 5, a guide wheel, 6, a rainfall monitoring device, 7, a data acquisition transceiver, 8, a protective cover, 9, a second fixed pile, 10, a numerical analysis and data statistics module, 11, an early warning analysis platform and 12, an early warning report platform.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, based on a dynamic monitoring and early warning system for the stability of a cutting slope under rainfall conditions, as shown in fig. 1-3, a first fixed pile 1 is embedded at the top of each grade of slope of the cutting slope to be monitored, the first fixed pile 1 is embedded in a stable and safe area of the top of each grade of slope, a second fixed pile 9 is embedded at the toe of each grade of slope, and both the first fixed pile 1 and the second fixed pile 9 are concrete cast piles; the turning part of the slope surface of the side slope is provided with a guide wheel 5, the guide wheel 5 is fixed at the corresponding position on the side slope through a guide wheel fixing pile 3, one end of a lead 2 is fixedly connected with a first fixing pile 1, the lead 2 sequentially bypasses each guide wheel 5 along the slope surface, the other end of the lead 2 is fixedly connected with a second fixing pile 9, the lead 2 is parallel to the corresponding slope surface, and the lead 2 corresponding to the slope surface of each level of the side slope is connected with a high-precision displacement monitoring sensor 4 for monitoring the actual displacement of each level of the side slope; and the whole cutting slope to be monitored is fully paved by analogy in turn. The high-precision displacement monitoring sensor 4 is 3-5cm away from the surface of the side slope, and the deformation of the lead 2 is monitored through the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor 4, so that the displacement of each stage of side slope is monitored in real time.
The rainfall monitoring device 6 is installed at the middle part of the whole cutting slope to be monitored and is used for monitoring the rainfall of the slope and avoiding the damage or the interference of road driving and slope top sundries. The rainfall monitoring device 6 comprises a rainfall measuring cylinder and a data meter.
The data acquisition transceiver 7 is used for receiving the monitoring data of the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor 4 and the rainfall monitoring device 6 and sending the monitoring data to the early warning analysis platform 11; the data acquisition transceiver 7 comprises a data acquisition and transmission main board, a transmission antenna, a power supply, a hardware protection device and the like. The data acquisition transceiver 7 is arranged near the rainfall monitoring device 6, so that construction is facilitated.
And the numerical analysis and data statistics module 10 is used for obtaining a model coefficient according to rule fitting of slope displacement, slope rainfall and slope safety factor of each level of the cutting slope to be monitored, and sending the model coefficient to the early warning analysis platform 11.
And the early warning analysis platform 11 is used for inputting the real-time monitored slope actual displacement and slope rainfall into the slope stability prediction model, determining the actual safety coefficient of the slope, and sending early warning information through the early warning report platform 12.
As shown in fig. 4, a groove-shaped protective cover 8 is arranged above the lead 2 and the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor 4, so that the interference of the external environment is prevented, and the influence of severe weather and other factors on the monitoring data is greatly reduced; data monitored by the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor 4 and the rainfall monitoring device 6 are sent to the data acquisition transceiver 7, and the data acquisition transceiver 7 performs statistical processing on the data and sends the data to the early warning analysis platform 11.
The connecting section between each grade of slope of waiting to monitor cutting slope is the platform, because the connecting section between each grade of slope is the platform, just can probably take place the displacement when the side slope takes place serious landslide in theory, need not to monitor the displacement of this connecting section in side slope stability monitoring, can not influence the monitoring early warning result. In the embodiment of the invention, the high-precision displacement monitoring sensors 4 on the side slopes at all levels are independently arranged with the leads 2, so that the mutual influence between the side slopes at all levels is prevented, the actual displacement of the side slopes at all levels can be accurately measured, the accuracy of monitoring and early warning is improved, and the problem of failure of a monitoring system caused by different side slopes is avoided.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a dynamic monitoring and early warning method for the stability of a cutting slope under rainfall conditions, which is shown in figure 1 and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking an original soil sample from each grade of the cutting slope to be monitored in the engineering site, and obtaining relevant physical and mechanical parameters (density, cohesive force, internal friction angle, permeability coefficient, deformation modulus and the like) of the soil body of the cutting slope to be monitored through indoor tests (particle screening, liquid-plastic limit measurement, direct shear test and the like); selecting a representative cross section on the cutting slope to be monitored as a monitoring section, determining the size of the monitoring section, and drawing a monitoring section diagram to obtain a slope model;
s2, determining a slope top stability safety distance Ls (Ls is less than or equal to 5m) of each grade of side slope according to the engineering terrain, the geology, the type and the protection form of the side slope to be monitored, embedding a first fixing pile 1 in an area exceeding the slope top stability safety distance Ls, embedding a second fixing pile 9 at the slope foot of each grade of side slope, arranging a guide wheel 5 at the slope turning position, fixedly connecting one end of a lead 2 with the first fixing pile 1, sequentially bypassing each guide wheel 5 along the slope surface by the lead 2, fixedly connecting the other end of the lead 2 with the second fixing pile 9, keeping the lead 2 parallel to the corresponding slope surface, and connecting a high-precision displacement monitoring sensor 4 on the lead 2 corresponding to the slope surface of each grade of side slope for monitoring the actual displacement of each grade of side slope; the middle part of the whole cutting slope to be monitored is provided with a rainfall monitoring device 6 for monitoring the rainfall of the slope; a data acquisition transceiver 7 is installed and used for receiving the monitoring data of the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor 4 and the rainfall monitoring device 6 and sending the monitoring data to an early warning analysis platform 11; the data acquisition transceiver 7 records the temperature of the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor 4 during installation, compares the temperature difference between the installation and the data acquisition, multiplies the thermal expansion coefficient of the wire 2 to calculate the deformation of the wire 2 caused by the temperature influence, corrects the deformation of the wire 2 actually monitored by the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor 4, and highly matches the monitored data with the actual deformation. Each grade of side slope can be equipped with many wires 2 that are parallel to each other along the slope extending direction according to actual conditions, especially needs to arrange wire 2 on the domatic that the domatic shape takes place great change.
S3, performing numerical simulation modeling and calculation on the cutting slope to be monitored through the numerical analysis and data statistics module 10;
the numerical analysis and data statistics module 10 comprises a rock-soil stress deformation analysis module, a seepage flow analysis module and a slope stability estimation module;
the rock-soil stress deformation analysis module is used for calculating the relationship among the seepage velocity, the permeability coefficient, the unit water weight, the water content and the time of the unit soil body through Darcy's law differential equation of the unit soil body, and the formula is as follows:
and the seepage analysis module is used for calculating the Darcy law in the unsaturated soil body through the Darcy law to judge the relation among unit volume flow, total permeability coefficient and total head gradient: q ═ k · i, where q is the unit volume flow rate; k is the total permeability coefficient; i is the total head gradient.
The slope stability pre-estimation module is used for calculating the safety stability of the slope based on a strip division method and a limit balance theory, firstly, dividing the slope surface into strip soil body units in the vertical direction, as shown in fig. 6, wherein the horizontal coordinate is the horizontal distance of the section of the slope in the graph, and the vertical coordinate is the elevation of the slope, and then calculating the safety coefficients of the strip soil body units in the horizontal direction and the normal direction according to a limit balance theoretical equation, an equation (1) and an equation (2):
normal moment balance safety factor Fm：
Horizontal static balance safety factor Ff：
c' -effective cohesion;
phi' — effective friction angle;
u-pore water pressure;
n-the normal force of the bottom of the soil strip;
Wx-the weight of the xth loam;
d, concentrated load;
β -conversion factor;
r is the distance from the center of the sliding arc to the sliding arc;
x is the distance from the center of the sliding arc to the center of the soil strip;
f, the vertical distance from the center of the sliding arc to the normal plane of the bottom of the soil strip;
d-moment of concentrated load;
omega-slope top stress included angle;
a is the inclination angle of the earth surface.
Inputting a side slope model of the cutting side slope to be monitored, a side slope compression modulus and rainfall into a rock-soil stress deformation analysis module to obtain stress and deformation of each section of the side slope model;
inputting a side slope model (comprising the geometric shape of the side slope and the size of the monitored section) of the cutting side slope to be monitored and a side slope permeability coefficient into a seepage analysis module to obtain the pore water pressure of each section of the side slope model;
the rock-soil stress deformation analysis module and the seepage analysis module jointly calculate to obtain a model of change of slope deformation and pore water pressure along with time, the model of change of slope deformation and pore water pressure along with time is input into a slope stability estimation module, simultaneously, a slope model of the cutting slope to be monitored, physical and mechanical parameters (such as cohesive force and internal friction angle) and slope displacement of each stage are input into a slope stability analysis module to obtain safety coefficients of a unit soil body in the horizontal direction and the normal direction, and the safety coefficients and a most unsafe slip surface of the cutting slope to be monitored are obtained through a finite element calculation and analysis module; and then carrying out numerical simulation on a large number of different rainfall values (collecting rainfall of the local calendar year), each grade of slope displacement value and the slope safety coefficient corresponding to the cutting slope to be monitored to obtain the rule that the slope safety coefficient changes along with time under different conditions, forming a database, and providing a data bluebook for the subsequent estimation model.
S4, carrying out mathematical statistics analysis on the established database through a data analysis method, and fitting the rainfall numerical value, the displacement numerical value of each grade of slope and the safety factor corresponding to the cutting slope to be monitored to obtain a pre-estimated model Fs (a)0(x0)+a1(x1)+a2(x2)+a3(x3)+a4(x4)+…+an(xn) + b model parameters, where Fs represents the safety factor of the cutting slope, x0Indicating the amount of rainfall, x, of the cutting slope to be monitored1Representing the displacement, x, of the grade 1 slope2Displacement … …, x representing grade 2 slopenRepresenting the displacement of the nth grade slope; a is0～anAnd b represents model parameters (correction coefficients corresponding to the independent variables);
the safety coefficient of the side slope, the rainfall and the change rule of displacement are represented by the pre-estimated model, the safety coefficient of the side slope under different rainfall conditions in reality is quickly obtained, subjective colors judged by human experience are avoided, and objective judgment and early warning of side slope stability early warning are facilitated; the response time of the early warning system can be shortened, and the accuracy of real-time early warning can be greatly improved.
S5, inputting the real-time monitored slope actual displacement and slope rainfall into a slope stability prediction model by the early warning analysis platform 11, and determining the actual safety coefficient of the slope; according to the existing standard and the dynamic monitoring and early warning model of the road slope geological disaster, the stability of the current cutting slope is graded according to the safety factor of the cutting slope, and early warning information is sent out through the early warning report platform 12.
The method comprises the steps that a slope safety factor corresponding to no rainfall is taken as an upper limit of a grade 1 early warning value (the safety is taken when the slope safety factor is larger than a value), a slope safety factor corresponding to rainfall is taken as 1 mm/day (light rain) is taken as an upper limit of a grade 2 early warning value (the safety is taken when the slope safety factor is larger than the value), Fs is taken as 1.1 and is taken as a lower limit of a grade 4 early warning value (a dangerous grade) in combination with a standard, an average value of the upper limit of the grade 2 early warning value and the lower limit of the grade 4 early warning value is taken as an upper limit of a grade 3 early warning value, Fs is taken as 1.1 and is taken as a lowest value allowed by a safety factor of a cutting slope, and the ranges of the grade 3 early warning value (a warning grade) and; meanwhile, because the slope stability is influenced by various factors (such as rainfall and displacement), a single-factor and multi-factor early warning model corresponding to the early warning level is provided according to the specification, the single-factor model only considers the relation between rainfall or displacement and the safety coefficient, and the multi-factor model comprehensively considers the influence of the rainfall and the displacement on the safety coefficient; the judging method comprises the following steps: if the early warning value of the single-factor early warning model is in level 1 (safety level) or level 2 (attention level), the safety state of the side slope is further judged through the multi-factor early warning model, if the early warning level of the multi-factor model is also between level 1 and level 2, the side slope is judged to be in the safety state, and the early warning level is judged to be level 2 by integrating the single factor and the multi-factor; and finally judging that the early warning grade is consistent with the multi-factor model grade if the multi-factor model early warning grade is 3 grade or 4 grade. When the early warning level of the model reaches 3 levels (warning level) or 4 levels (danger level), the alarm device of the early warning report platform 12 can be automatically triggered according to the single-factor early warning result, danger early warning can be sent out in advance, and related personnel can have more sufficient response time to make corresponding protective measures.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first and second groups of the functional groups are combined,
the monitoring scheme of a certain five-grade slope is shown in figure 2, and the natural density of soil is as follows: 2.55g/cm3Cohesion 50kPa, permeability coefficient: 5X 10-9m/s, compression modulus 11MPa, and the matrix suction function of the slope soil body is shown in FIG. 5:
under the condition that the rainfall is 1 mm/day, the monitoring and early warning method provided by the embodiment of the invention is adopted, and the stability analysis modeling and numerical calculation results of the side SLOPE under the rainfall condition are carried out through SEEP software and SLOPE software in GeoStadio software, as shown in the following figure. The determined slope safety factor is 1.316 as shown in fig. 6.
A large amount of rainfall values (rainfall collected over the local years), each grade of slope displacement values and the slope safety coefficient corresponding to the cutting slope to be monitored are subjected to numerical simulation through the numerical analysis and data statistics module 10, so that rules of different rainfall and changes of the slope safety coefficient along with time are obtained, and a database is formed, wherein the rules are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 database (part) of lowest safety factor of cutting slope to be monitored
Performing data statistical analysis on the established database by a data analysis method to measure rainfallFitting the quantity value, the displacement value of each grade of slope and the safety coefficient corresponding to the cutting slope to be monitored to obtain a pre-estimated model Fs (the equation a)0(x0)+a1(x1)+a2(x2)+a3(x3)+a4(x4)+…+a5(x5) + b model parameter a0、a1、a2、a3、a4、a5And b are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 model parameters
According to existing norm and highway slope geological disaster dynamic monitoring and early warning model, the stability of the current cutting slope is graded according to the safety factor of the cutting slope, and the classification is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 early warning ranking
| Early warning level | Level of security | The safety factor Fs satisfies the condition |
| First-level warning | Security | Fs≥1.316 |
| Two-stage early warning | Attention is drawn to | 1.2≤Fs＜1.29 |
| Three-level early warning | Warning | 1.15≤Fs<1.2 |
| Four-stage warning | Danger of | 1.10≤Fs<1.15 |
According to the embodiment of the invention, based on the dynamic monitoring and early warning system for the stability of the cutting slope under the rainfall condition, the monitoring data is less influenced by factors such as climate and the like; through transmitting the on-site measured value to the rock-soil stress deformation analysis module, the seepage flow analysis module and the slope stability estimation module, calculating through the modules, the accuracy of judging the slope stability is greatly improved, the slope stability coefficient can be determined more safely and effectively, a formula among displacement, rainfall and the slope safety coefficient can be found by applying a mathematical statistics method, the complexity of early warning is greatly reduced, the early warning accuracy and timeliness are greatly improved, and the method is more economical and safe compared with the on-site manual monitoring and traditional early warning methods.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cutting slope stability dynamic monitoring and early warning system based on rainfall conditions is characterized in that a first fixed pile (1) is embedded at the top of each grade of slope of a cutting slope to be monitored, a second fixed pile (9) is embedded at the toe of each grade of slope, a guide wheel (5) is arranged at the slope turning position, one end of a wire (2) is fixedly connected with the first fixed pile (1), the wire (2) sequentially bypasses each guide wheel (5) along the slope, the other end of the wire (2) is fixedly connected with the second fixed pile (9), the wire (2) is parallel to the corresponding slope, and a high-precision displacement monitoring sensor (4) is connected to the wire (2) corresponding to the slope of each grade of slope and used for monitoring the actual displacement of each grade of slope;
the middle part of the whole cutting slope to be monitored is provided with a rainfall monitoring device (6) for monitoring the rainfall of the slope;
the monitoring and early warning system further comprises:
the data acquisition transceiver (7) is used for receiving the monitoring data of the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor (4) and the rainfall monitoring device (6) and sending the monitoring data to the early warning analysis platform (11);
the numerical analysis and data statistics module (10) is used for fitting according to the displacement of each grade of side slope of the cutting side slope to be monitored, the rainfall of the side slope and the safety coefficient of the side slope to obtain a model coefficient and sending the model coefficient to the early warning analysis platform (11);
and the early warning analysis platform (11) is used for inputting the real-time monitored slope actual displacement and slope rainfall into the slope stability prediction model, determining the actual safety coefficient of the slope and sending early warning information through the early warning report platform (12).
2. The system of claim 1, wherein a connection section between each stage of the cutting slopes to be monitored is a platform.
3. The dynamic monitoring and early warning system for the stability of the cutting slope under the rainfall condition according to the claim 1, wherein a groove-shaped protective cover (8) is arranged above the lead (2) and the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor (4).
4. The system for dynamically monitoring and warning the stability of the cutting slope under the rainfall condition according to the claim 1, wherein the guide wheels (5) are fixed at corresponding positions on the slope through guide wheel fixing piles (3).
5. The dynamic monitoring and early warning system for the stability of the cutting slope under the rainfall condition according to claim 1, wherein the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor (4) is 3-5cm away from the surface of the slope.
6. The system for dynamically monitoring and early warning the stability of the cutting slope under the rainfall condition according to the claim 1, wherein the first fixing pile (1) is buried in a stable and safe area of the top of each grade of slope.
7. The dynamic monitoring and early warning system for the stability of the cutting slope under the rainfall condition according to claim 1, wherein the data collecting and transmitting device (7) is installed near the rainfall monitoring device (6).
8. The system for dynamically monitoring and warning the stability of the cutting slope under rainfall conditions according to claim 1, wherein the first fixing pile (1) and the second fixing pile (9) are both concrete cast piles.
9. A dynamic monitoring and early warning method for the stability of a cutting slope under rainfall conditions is characterized in that the dynamic monitoring and early warning system for the stability of the cutting slope under rainfall conditions, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 7, is adopted and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking an original soil sample from each grade of the cutting slope to be monitored in the engineering site, and obtaining relevant physical and mechanical parameters of the soil body of the cutting slope to be monitored through an indoor test; selecting a representative cross section on the cutting slope to be monitored as a monitoring section, determining the size of the monitoring section, and drawing a monitoring section diagram to obtain a slope model;
s2, determining a slope top stability safety distance Ls of each grade of side slope according to the engineering terrain, geology, the type and the protection form of the cutting side slope to be monitored, embedding a first fixing pile (1) in an area exceeding the slope top stability safety distance Ls, embedding a second fixing pile (9) at the slope foot of each grade of side slope, arranging guide wheels (5) at the turning position of the slope surface, fixedly connecting one end of a lead (2) with the first fixing pile (1), sequentially bypassing each guide wheel (5) along the slope surface, fixedly connecting the other end of the lead (2) with the second fixing pile (9), keeping the lead (2) parallel to the corresponding slope surface, and connecting a high-precision displacement monitoring sensor (4) on the lead (2) corresponding to the slope surface of each grade of side slope; the middle part of the whole cutting slope to be monitored is provided with a rainfall monitoring device (6); a data acquisition transceiver (7) is installed and used for receiving the monitoring data of the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor (4) and the rainfall monitoring device (6) and sending the monitoring data to an early warning analysis platform (11); the data acquisition transceiver (7) records the temperature of the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor (4) during installation, compares the temperature difference between the installation and the data acquisition, multiplies the thermal expansion coefficient of the lead (2) to calculate the deformation of the lead (2) caused by the temperature influence, and corrects the deformation of the lead (2) actually monitored by the high-precision displacement monitoring sensor (4);
s3, performing numerical simulation modeling and calculation on the cutting slope to be monitored through a numerical analysis and data statistics module (10); the numerical analysis and data statistics module (10) comprises a rock-soil stress deformation analysis module, a seepage flow analysis module and a slope stability estimation module; inputting a side slope model of the cutting side slope to be monitored, a side slope compression modulus and rainfall into a rock-soil stress deformation analysis module to obtain stress and deformation of each section of the side slope model; inputting a slope model of a cutting slope to be monitored and a slope permeability coefficient into a seepage analysis module to obtain the pore water pressure of each section of the slope model; the rock-soil stress deformation analysis module and the seepage analysis module jointly calculate to obtain a model of change of slope deformation and pore water pressure along with time, the model of change of slope deformation and pore water pressure along with time is input into a slope stability estimation module, simultaneously, a slope model, physical and mechanical parameters and each grade of slope displacement of the cutting slope to be monitored are input into a slope stability analysis module to obtain safety coefficients of a unit soil body in the horizontal direction and the normal direction, the safety coefficient and the least safe slip surface of the cutting slope to be monitored are obtained through a finite element calculation and analysis module, further, numerical simulation is carried out on a large number of different rainfall values, each grade of slope displacement values and the safety coefficient corresponding to the cutting slope to be monitored, rules of slope change along with time under different conditions are obtained, and a database is formed;
s4, carrying out mathematical statistic analysis on the obtained database by a data analysis method, and carrying out rainfall numerical value, each grade of slope displacement numerical value and waiting for treatmentMonitoring the safety factor corresponding to the cutting slope, fitting to obtain a pre-estimated model Fs (the equation a)0(x0)+a1(x1)+a2(x2)+a3(x3)+a4(x4)+…+an(xn) + b model parameters, where Fs represents the safety factor of the cutting slope, x0Indicating the amount of rainfall, x, of the cutting slope to be monitored1Representing the displacement, x, of the grade 1 slope2Displacement … …, x representing grade 2 slopenRepresenting the displacement of the nth grade slope, a0～anAnd b both represent model parameters;
s5, inputting the real-time monitored slope actual displacement and slope rainfall into a slope stability prediction model by the early warning analysis platform (11) to determine the actual safety coefficient of the slope; grading the stability of the current cutting slope according to the safety coefficient of the cutting slope, and sending out early warning information through an early warning report platform (12); and taking the slope safety coefficient corresponding to no rainfall as the upper limit of the grade-1 early warning value, taking the slope safety coefficient corresponding to the rainfall as the upper limit of the grade-2 early warning value, taking the lowest value allowed by the cutting slope safety coefficient as the lower limit of the grade-4 early warning value, and taking the average value of the grade-2 early warning value upper limit and the grade-4 early warning value lower limit as the grade-3 early warning value upper limit.
10. The dynamic monitoring and early warning method for the stability of the cutting slope based on rainfall condition of claim 9, wherein in the step S3:
the rock-soil stress deformation analysis module is used for calculating the relationship among the seepage velocity, the permeability coefficient, the unit water weight, the water content and the time of the unit soil body through Darcy's law differential equation of the unit soil body, and the formula is as follows:
and the seepage analysis module is used for calculating the Darcy law in the unsaturated soil body through the Darcy law to judge the relation among unit volume flow, total permeability coefficient and total head gradient: q ═ k · i, where q is the unit volume flow rate; k is the total permeability coefficient; i is the total head gradient;
the slope stability pre-estimation module is used for calculating the safety and stability of the slope based on a strip division method and a limit balance theory, firstly dividing the slope surface into soil mass units in the vertical direction, and then calculating the safety factors of the divided soil mass units in the horizontal direction and the normal direction according to the formulas (1) to (2):
normal moment balance safety factor Fm：
Horizontal static balance safety factor Ff：
In the formula:
c' -effective cohesion;
phi' — effective friction angle;
u-pore water pressure;
n-the normal force of the bottom of the soil strip;
Wx-the weight of the xth loam;
d, concentrated load;
β -conversion factor;
r is the distance from the center of the sliding arc to the sliding arc;
x is the distance from the center of the sliding arc to the center of the soil strip;
f, the vertical distance from the center of the sliding arc to the normal plane of the bottom of the soil strip;
d-moment of concentrated load;
omega-slope top stress included angle;
a is the inclination angle of the earth surface.
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