CN110632277A - Method and device for measuring sand conveying capacity of concentrated water flow - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring sand conveying capacity of concentrated water flow Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of soil erosion, and relates to a method and a device for measuring concentrated water flow sand conveying capacity, wherein the device comprises a flow stabilizing box (a), a main sand supply soil tank (b), a measuring section, an outlet (e), an adjustable gradient platform (f), a metering pump (h) and a water source container (i), and the fixed end of the adjustable gradient platform (f) is fixed on a horizontal plane; the measuring section comprises a supplementary sand and soil supply groove (c) and a sand and soil conveying groove (d); the lower end of the main sand and soil supply groove (b) is connected with the upper end of the supplementary sand and soil supply groove (c), and the upper end of the main sand and soil supply groove (b) is connected with the flow stabilizing box (a); the water source container (i) is connected with the flow stabilizing box (a) through a pipeline, and a metering pump (h) is arranged on the pipeline; soil is filled in the main sand and soil supply groove (b), the supplementary sand and soil supply groove (c) and the sand and soil conveying groove (d); after being conveyed to the flow stabilizing box (a) for stabilization by the metering pump (h), the water flows through the main sand and soil supply groove (b), the supplementary sand and soil supply groove (c) and the channels on the sand and soil conveying groove (d) in sequence and flows out from the outlet (e).
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil erosion, and particularly relates to a method and a device for measuring sand conveying capacity of concentrated water flow.
Background
The water flow sand conveying capacity refers to the maximum sand conveying rate of water flow under a specific hydrodynamic condition and is a core input parameter of most soil erosion models based on physical processes.
The flow rate and the hydraulic gradient change range of the concentrated water flow in the fine ditch and the shallow ditch in the slope farmland are both large. Particularly, the concentrated water flow in the shallow trench has a close coupling relation between the water flow erosion and the sand conveying process due to large erosion energy and complex hydrodynamic conditions, so that the direct measurement of the sand conveying capacity of the concentrated water flow is difficult in laboratories and under field conditions. On the other hand, the concept of water flow sand conveying capacity has clear physical significance. Therefore, according to the physical concept, the development of a direct measurement method and theory for the sand transportation capacity of the concentrated water flow has important scientific significance.
At present, in the research of a method for directly measuring the sand conveying capacity of water flow, silt is mainly added into the water flow, then the silt flushing condition is observed at a sand conveying section, and whether the sand content of the water flow reaches the sand conveying capacity is judged. The method for adding silt mainly comprises the steps of adding mud and directly and intensively mixing silt into water flow. In the sand adding method, due to the limitation of the sand supply capacity of the equipment, the mud slurry method is only suitable for measuring the sand conveying capacity of the water flow with small gradient and small flow; the silt is directly and intensively mixed with the water flow to influence the silt conveying process of the water flow, and the measured silt conveying capacity is larger.
In summary, the main defects of the current method for directly measuring the sand transporting capacity are the objective standard and method for judging whether the state of the erosion and deposition balance is achieved, and how to use the judgment as feedback information to adjust the sand supply amount, so that the erosion and deposition tend to be balanced. In addition, the existing measuring method is mainly suitable for the fine channel flow and the slope flow with small flow and energy, and the methods are not suitable for measuring the sand conveying capacity of the shallow channel water flow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for measuring the sand conveying capacity of concentrated water flow. Aiming at the requirements of the centralized water flow sand conveying capacity measurement in the soil erosion research and the current situation that no method is suitable for measuring the centralized water flow sand conveying capacity at present, the device and the method provide erosion sand supply and adjust the sand supply amount of the erosion sand supply section by adopting a negative feedback method according to the sediment erosion and conveying conditions of the shallow trench of the measurement section from the physical significance of the concept of the centralized water flow sand conveying capacity, so that the sand supply amount of the main sand supply section gradually approaches the sand conveying capacity, and the deficient sediment is supplemented by eroding the upper stream of the shallow trench of the measurement section, and the sediment content of the water flow at the outlet of the measurement section is the water flow sand conveying capacity under the hydraulic working condition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a measure device of concentrated rivers defeated husky ability, the device includes stationary flow case a, main sand-supplying soil groove b, measures section, export e, adjustable slope platform f, measuring pump h and water source container i, wherein:
the adjustable slope platform f comprises a fixed end and a free end, the fixed end of the adjustable slope platform f is fixed on a horizontal plane, and a first included angle is formed between the adjustable slope platform f and the horizontal plane;
the measuring section comprises a supplementary sand and soil supply groove c and a sand and soil conveying groove d; the bottom parts of the supplementary sand and soil supply tank c and the sand and soil conveying tank d are directly fixed on the adjustable-gradient platform f; the lower end of the sand conveying groove d is close to the fixed end of the adjustable gradient platform f, and the upper end of the sand conveying groove d is connected with the lower end of the supplementary sand supply groove c;
the lower end of the main sand and soil supply groove b is connected with the upper end of the supplementary sand and soil supply groove c, and the upper end of the main sand and soil supply groove b is connected with the flow stabilizing box a; a second included angle is formed between the bottom of the main sand and soil supply groove b and the gradient adjustable platform f; the upstream part in the main sand supply groove b is partially covered with erosion preventing materials;
the outlet e is arranged at the lower end of the sand conveying soil tank d;
the water is stored in a water source container i, the water source container i is connected with a flow stabilizing box a through a pipeline, and a metering pump h is arranged on the pipeline;
soil is filled in the main sand and soil supply groove b, the supplementary sand and soil supply groove c and the sand and soil conveying groove d, and a channel is arranged on the soil; and after being conveyed to the flow stabilizing box a for stabilization by the metering pump h, the water flows out of the outlet e through the main sand and soil supply tank b, the supplementary sand and soil supply tank c and the channels on the sand and soil conveying tank d in sequence.
The middle bottom surface of the adjustable gradient platform f is provided with a hydraulic oil cylinder g.
And the free end of the adjustable gradient platform f is lifted through the extension and retraction of the hydraulic oil cylinder g, so that the angle of the first included angle is adjusted.
The degree of the second included angle is 10 degrees.
A method of measuring the ability of concentrated water to transport sand using the apparatus, comprising the steps of:
adjusting the gradient of the adjustable gradient platform f, namely the angle of the first included angle; adjusting the flow of the metering pump h to complete the setting of the measured gradient and the concentrated water flow; partially covering an upstream channel of a main sand supply groove b by using an erosion preventing material, wherein the length of the channel which is not covered by the erosion preventing material in the main sand supply groove b is the length of an erodable part;
1. flushing with water, and continuously taking a plurality of sand-containing water flow samples at the outlet e of the measuring section after the water flow is stable; stopping water supply, and observing a measuring section channel;
2. if the C1 working condition appears, namely the channels of the replenishing sand and soil supply groove C and the sand and soil conveying groove d are not obviously eroded, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b is reduced until the channels of the replenishing sand and soil supply groove C and the sand and soil conveying groove d are obviously eroded, namely the C3 working condition appears, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b at the moment is taken as the initial length M, and the step 3 is carried out;
if the C2 working condition appears, namely the supplementary sand and soil supply groove C appears obvious erosion phenomenon, the channel of the sand conveying groove d does not appear obvious erosion phenomenon, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b is also reduced until the supplementary sand and soil supply groove C and the channel of the sand conveying groove d both appear obvious erosion phenomenon, namely the C3 working condition appears, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b at the moment is taken as the initial length M, and the step 3 is carried out;
if the C3 working condition appears, taking the length of the eroded part in the main sand supply groove b at the moment as the initial length M, and entering the step 3;
3. based on the initial length M, with M1The length of the corroded part in the main sand and soil supply tank b is gradually increased, water flushing is continued, and a measuring section channel is observed;
the length of the eroded part in the main sand-soil supply groove b is M in initial length, and the increase amplitude is M1The increasing times is n, the total increasing length is nM1；
4. If the length of the erodable part in the main sand supply groove b is increased by the n-1M1The C3 condition occurs while increasing the nth M1When the working condition C2 appears, namely the replenishing sand and soil supply groove C has obvious erosion phenomenon, and the channel of the sand and soil transporting groove d has no obvious erosion phenomenon, the sediment content measured by the sediment-containing water flow sample received at the outlet e of the measuring channel is the water flow sand transporting capacity under the hydraulic working condition;
5. if the length of the erodable part in the main sand supply groove b is increased by the n-1M1The C3 condition occurs while increasing the nth M1When the C1 working condition appears, namely the channel of the replenishing sand and soil supply groove C and the sand and soil conveying groove d does not have obvious erosion phenomenon, the C2 working condition is reached through the following steps:
5.1, on the basis of the length of the part which can be eroded in the main sand and soil supply groove b when the last C3 working condition appears, reducing the increasing amplitude to a half, gradually increasing the length of the part which can be eroded in the main sand and soil supply groove b, continuously flushing by discharging water, and observing a measuring section channel;
5.2, stopping if the C2 working condition occurs, wherein the sediment content measured by the sediment-containing water flow sample received at the outlet e of the measuring channel is the water flow sand conveying capacity under the hydraulic working condition; if the C1 condition is present, the method returns to step 5.1 and continues with steps 5.1 and 5.2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method and the device for measuring the sand conveying capacity of the concentrated water flow realize the accurate measurement of the sand conveying capacity of the concentrated water flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring the sand conveying capacity of concentrated water flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship trend between the sand erosion rate and the channel length of each sand supply section in the method for measuring the sand conveying capacity of the concentrated water flow of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the trend of the relationship between the working conditions and the channel length of each sand supply section in the method for measuring the sand conveying capacity of the concentrated water flow.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
a. flow stabilizing box b. main sand supply soil tank
c. Replenishing sand and soil supply groove d. sand and soil conveying groove
e. Platform with adjustable gradient at outlet f
g. H. metering pump of hydraulic oil cylinder
i. Water source container
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a device for measuring sand conveying capacity of concentrated water flow comprises a flow stabilizing box a, a main sand and soil supply tank b, a measuring section, an outlet e, an adjustable gradient platform f, a metering pump h and a water source container i, wherein:
the adjustable gradient platform f comprises a fixed end and a free end, the fixed end of the adjustable gradient platform f is fixed on a horizontal plane, a hydraulic oil cylinder g is arranged on the bottom surface of the middle of the adjustable gradient platform f, and a first included angle is formed between the adjustable gradient platform f and the horizontal plane. And the free end of the adjustable gradient platform f is lifted through the extension and retraction of the hydraulic oil cylinder g, so that the angle of the first included angle is adjusted.
The measuring section comprises a supplementary sand and soil supply tank c and a sand and soil conveying tank d. The bottom parts of the supplementary sand and soil supply tank c and the sand and soil conveying tank d are directly fixed on the adjustable-gradient platform f. The lower end of the sand conveying groove d is close to the fixed end of the adjustable gradient platform f, and the upper end of the sand conveying groove d is connected with the lower end of the supplementary sand supply groove c.
The lower end of the main sand and soil supply groove b is connected with the upper end of the supplementary sand and soil supply groove c, and the upper end of the main sand and soil supply groove b is connected with the flow stabilizing box a. And a second included angle is formed between the bottom of the main sand and soil supply groove b and the adjustable gradient platform f. Preferably, the degree of the second included angle is 10 °. And the upstream part in the main sand supply groove b is partially covered with erosion preventing materials.
The outlet e is arranged at the lower end of the sand conveying soil tank d.
The water is stored in a water source container i, the water source container i is connected with a flow stabilizing box a through a pipeline, and a metering pump h is arranged on the pipeline.
Soil is filled in the main sand and soil supply groove b, the supplementary sand and soil supply groove c and the sand and soil conveying groove d, and a channel is arranged on the soil. And after being conveyed to the flow stabilizing box a for stabilization by the metering pump h, the water flows out of the outlet e through the main sand and soil supply tank b, the supplementary sand and soil supply tank c and the channels on the sand and soil conveying tank d in sequence.
The measurement principle of the invention is as follows:
as shown in FIG. 2, the main sand-supplying trough b has a channel length L1The length of the measuring section, namely the supplemental sand and soil supply groove c and the sand and soil conveying groove d is L2. Because the main sand and soil supply groove b is lifted by an additional angle, namely a second angle, relative to the measuring section, when the water flow flows through the main sand and soil supply groove b, the sand and sand erosion rate of the water flow is larger than that of the measuring section, and the sand erosion and supply capacity of the water flow is enhanced. Because the main sand and soil supply groove b is lifted by a second angle relative to the measuring section, the erosion sand supply amount of the main sand and soil supply groove b can enable the sand content of the water flow to be close to but not more than the sand conveying capacity (STC) when the water flow enters the measuring section. The silt water flow flowing out of the main silt supply groove b passes through the upstream part of the measuring section, namely the silt supply groove c, and then passes through erosion to supplement deficient silt, and when the outlet e of the measuring section is close, the sand content of the water flow can reach the sand conveying capacity of the water flow.
The process of the sand content measured by the apparatus for measuring the sand transporting capacity of concentrated water flow according to the present invention as a function of the trench length is shown in fig. 3. The working conditions in the figure are as follows:
1. the C1 working condition is that the channel of the supplemental sand and soil supply tank C and the channel of the sand and soil conveying tank d are not obviously eroded. The reason for this kind of working condition is that the erodible ditch length in the main sand-soil supply tank b is too long, the erosion sand from the main sand-soil supply tank b will exceed the sand transportation capability of the water flow, under the measuring gradient, the excess sand needs the long ditch length to deposit, the needed ditch length sometimes exceeds the upper limit of the current technology and economy; if a shorter measuring ditch length is adopted, the water flow sand conveying capacity obtained through measurement is larger.
2. The C3 working condition is that obvious erosion phenomenon appears on the channels of the supplemental sand supply tank C and the sand conveying tank d. The reason for this kind of working condition is that the length of the erodable ditch in the main sand-soil supply tank b is too short, so the deficit of the water flow between the sand eroded by the main sand-soil supply tank b and the sand conveying capacity of the water flow is large, and the deficit can not be eliminated by the supplementary erosion of the water flow in the measuring section, and if the short measuring ditch length is adopted, the sand conveying capacity of the water flow obtained by measurement is small.
3. The C2 working condition is that obvious erosion phenomenon appears in the supplemental sand supply soil tank C, and obvious erosion phenomenon does not appear in the sand conveying soil tank d channel. The reason for this behavior is that the main sand and soil supply tank b of the proper length can erode the channel length, sand is supplied by the concentrated water flow, when the water flow enters the measuring section channel, the sand content of the water flow is close to but less than the sand conveying capacity of the water flow, the sand and soil supply tank c is supplemented by erosion to supplement the lacking sand and sand through the upstream of the measuring section, and the sand content of the sand and soil conveying tank d reaches the sand conveying capacity of the water flow at the downstream of the measuring section channel.
Therefore, the principle of judging whether the sand content of the water flow reaches the sand conveying capacity by measuring the sediment erosion condition of the section is as follows: the erosion silt amount of the water flow in the main silt supply groove b is close to but not more than the water flow silt conveying capacity, when the water flow enters the measuring section, the deficient silt is supplemented through erosion, and the water flow silt conveying capacity is achieved at the downstream of the measuring section. The judgment rule is as follows: and the upstream of the measuring section, namely the supplemental sand and soil supply groove c, is obviously eroded, and the downstream of the measuring section, namely the sand and soil conveying groove d, is not eroded.
In actual measurements, variability is very large due to soil not being an ideal homogeneous medium. The direct occurrence of the condition C2 or C3 may be an artifact, and only if all three of the above conditions occur, it can be confirmed that all three conditions actually occur.
The method for measuring the sand conveying capacity of the concentrated water flow comprises the following steps:
the device for measuring the sand conveying capacity of the concentrated water flow is used for adjusting the gradient of the adjustable gradient platform f, namely the angle of the first included angle. And adjusting the flow of the metering pump h to finish the setting of the measured gradient and the concentrated water flow. The erosion preventing material is adopted to partially cover the upstream channel of the main sand supply groove b, and the length of the channel which is not covered by the erosion preventing material in the main sand supply groove b is the length of the erodable part.
1. Flushing with water, and continuously taking a plurality of sand-containing water flow samples at the outlet e of the measuring section after the water flow is stable; stopping water supply, and observing a measuring section channel;
2. if the C1 working condition appears, namely the channels of the replenishing sand and soil supply groove C and the sand and soil conveying groove d are not obviously eroded, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b is reduced until the channels of the replenishing sand and soil supply groove C and the sand and soil conveying groove d are obviously eroded, namely the C3 working condition appears, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b at the moment is taken as the initial length M, and the step 3 is carried out;
if the C2 working condition appears, namely the supplementary sand and soil supply groove C appears obvious erosion phenomenon, the channel of the sand conveying groove d does not appear obvious erosion phenomenon, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b is also reduced until the supplementary sand and soil supply groove C and the channel of the sand conveying groove d both appear obvious erosion phenomenon, namely the C3 working condition appears, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b at the moment is taken as the initial length M, and the step 3 is carried out;
if the C3 working condition appears, taking the length of the eroded part in the main sand supply groove b at the moment as the initial length M, and entering the step 3;
3. based on the initial length M, with M1The length of the corroded part in the main sand and soil supply tank b is gradually increased, water flushing is continued, and a measuring section channel is observed;
the length of the eroded part in the main sand-soil supply groove b is M in initial length, and the increase amplitude is M1The number of times of increase is n, and the total length of increase is n × M1；
4. If the length of the erodable part in the main sand supply groove b is increased by the n-1M1The C3 condition occurs while increasing the nth M1When the working condition C2 appears, namely the replenishing sand and soil supply groove C has obvious erosion phenomenon, and the channel of the sand and soil transporting groove d has no obvious erosion phenomenon, the sediment content measured by the sediment-containing water flow sample received at the outlet e of the measuring channel is the water flow sand transporting capacity under the hydraulic working condition;
5. if the length of the erodable part in the main sand supply groove b is increased by the n-1M1The C3 condition occurs while increasing the nth M1When the C1 working condition appears, the sand and soil supply groove C and the sand and soil conveying groove d are supplementedAnd if no obvious erosion phenomenon occurs in the road, the following steps are carried out until the C2 working condition occurs:
5.1, on the basis of the length of the part which can be eroded in the main sand and soil supply groove b when the last C3 working condition appears, reducing the increasing amplitude to a half, gradually increasing the length of the part which can be eroded in the main sand and soil supply groove b, continuously flushing by discharging water, and observing a measuring section channel;
5.2, stopping if the C2 working condition occurs, wherein the sediment content measured by the sediment-containing water flow sample received at the outlet e of the measuring channel is the water flow sand conveying capacity under the hydraulic working condition; if the C1 condition is present, the method returns to step 5.1 and continues with steps 5.1 and 5.2.
Examples
The process of measuring the sand transporting capacity under the working condition is described below by taking the slope of 5 degrees and the flow rate of 32L/min as an example.
By using the device for measuring the sand conveying capacity of the concentrated water flow, the length of a main sand supply soil tank b is 6m, the length of a supplementary sand supply soil tank c is 4m, and the length of a sand conveying soil tank d is 2 m. Test soil is filled in the experimental soil tank layer by layer according to the set soil volume weight of 1.2g/cm3, and a channel with the section of 10cm multiplied by 10cm is excavated and trimmed along the center line of the soil tank. And adjusting the gradient of the adjustable gradient platform f to be 5 degrees. And adjusting the flow of the metering pump h, setting the flow to be 32L/min, and finishing the setting of the measured gradient and the concentrated water flow. The erosion preventing material is adopted to partially cover the upstream channel of the main sand supply groove b, the covering length is 2m, and the channel length which is not covered by the erosion preventing material in the main sand supply groove b is 4m and is the length of the erodable part.
1. And (4) flushing, and after the water flow is stable, continuously taking a plurality of sand-containing water flow samples at the outlet e of the measuring section. Stopping water supply, and observing a measuring section channel;
2. at the moment, the C1 working condition appears, namely the channels of the replenishing sand and soil supply groove C and the sand and soil conveying groove d are not obviously eroded, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b is reduced until the channels of the replenishing sand and soil supply groove C and the sand and soil conveying groove d are obviously eroded, namely the C3 working condition appears, and the length 2m of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b at the moment is taken as the initial length.
3. On the basis of the initial length of 2m, the length of the corroded part in the main sand and soil supply tank b is gradually increased by the increasing amplitude of 1m, water flushing is continued, and the measuring section channel is observed.
4. When the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove b is 3m, the C2 working condition appears, namely the obvious erosion phenomenon appears in the supplementary sand and soil supply groove C, and the obvious erosion phenomenon does not appear in the channel of the sand and soil transporting groove d, the sediment content measured by the sand-containing water flow sample received at the outlet e of the measuring channel is the water flow sand transporting capacity under the hydraulic working condition, and is 1.91kg s-1m-1。
By adopting the measuring method, the sand conveying capacity of the water flow with the water flow rate of 32, 64, 128 and 256L/min and the gradient of 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees and 20 degrees is measured, and the measuring results are shown in tables 1 and 2. Measurements were performed 4 times at each hydraulic condition and showed very high repeatability.
TABLE 1 Trench Length, m, of Main Sand segment d finally used in the measurement
TABLE 2 Water flow Sand transport Capacity measured under different Hydraulic conditions
Note: relative Standard Deviation (RSD) in parentheses
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a measure device of concentrated rivers sand conveying ability which characterized in that: the device includes stationary flow case (a), main sand supply groove (b), measures section, export (e), adjustable slope platform (f), measuring pump (h) and water source container (i), wherein:
the adjustable gradient platform (f) comprises a fixed end and a free end, the fixed end of the adjustable gradient platform (f) is fixed on a horizontal plane, and a first included angle is formed between the adjustable gradient platform (f) and the horizontal plane;
the measuring section comprises a supplementary sand and soil supply groove (c) and a sand and soil conveying groove (d); the bottom parts of the supplementary sand and soil supply groove (c) and the sand and soil conveying groove (d) are directly fixed on the gradient-adjustable platform (f); the lower end of the sand conveying groove (d) is close to the fixed end of the adjustable gradient platform (f), and the upper end of the sand conveying groove (d) is connected with the lower end of the supplementary sand supply groove (c);
the lower end of the main sand and soil supply groove (b) is connected with the upper end of the supplementary sand and soil supply groove (c), and the upper end of the main sand and soil supply groove (b) is connected with the flow stabilizing box (a); a second included angle is formed between the bottom of the main sand and soil supply groove (b) and the adjustable gradient platform (f); the upstream part in the main sand-supplying soil groove (b) is partially covered with erosion-preventing materials;
the outlet (e) is arranged at the lower end of the sand conveying soil tank (d);
the water is stored in a water source container (i), the water source container (i) is connected with the flow stabilizing box (a) through a pipeline, and a metering pump (h) is arranged on the pipeline;
soil is filled in the main sand and soil supply groove (b), the supplementary sand and soil supply groove (c) and the sand and soil conveying groove (d), and a channel is arranged on the soil; after being conveyed to the flow stabilizing box (a) for stabilization by the metering pump (h), the water flows through the main sand and soil supply groove (b), the supplementary sand and soil supply groove (c) and the channels on the sand and soil conveying groove (d) in sequence and flows out from the outlet (e).
2. The apparatus for measuring the sand transporting capacity of concentrated water stream according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom surface of the middle part of the gradient adjustable platform (f) is provided with a hydraulic oil cylinder (g).
3. The apparatus for measuring the sand transporting capacity of concentrated water stream according to claim 2, wherein: and the free end of the gradient-adjustable platform (f) is lifted through the extension and retraction of the hydraulic oil cylinder (g), so that the angle of the first included angle is adjusted.
4. The apparatus for measuring the sand transporting capacity of concentrated water stream according to claim 1, wherein: the degree of the second included angle is 10 degrees.
5. A method for measuring the sand transporting capacity of a concentrated water stream using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the gradient of the gradient-adjustable platform (f), namely the angle of the first included angle; adjusting the flow of the metering pump (h) to complete the setting of the measured gradient and the concentrated water flow; partially covering an upstream channel of a main sand and soil supply groove (b) by using an erosion preventing material, wherein the length of the channel which is not covered by the erosion preventing material in the main sand and soil supply groove (b) is the length of an erodable part;
1. flushing with water, and continuously taking a plurality of sand-containing water flow samples at the outlet (e) of the measuring section after the water flow is stable; stopping water supply, and observing a measuring section channel;
2. if the C1 working condition appears, namely the channels of the replenishing sand and soil supply groove (C) and the sand and soil conveying groove (d) do not have obvious erosion phenomenon, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove (b) is reduced until the channels of the replenishing sand and soil supply groove (C) and the sand and soil conveying groove (d) have obvious erosion, namely the C3 working condition appears, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove (b) at the moment is taken as the initial length M, and the step is carried out in step 3;
if the C2 working condition appears, namely the supplementary sand and soil supply groove (C) has obvious erosion phenomenon, the channel of the sand conveying groove (d) has no obvious erosion phenomenon, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove (b) is also reduced until the supplementary sand and soil supply groove (C) and the channel of the sand conveying groove (d) have obvious erosion phenomenon, namely the C3 working condition appears, the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove (b) at the moment is taken as the initial length M, and the step 3 is carried out;
if the C3 working condition appears, taking the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove (b) at the moment as the initial length M, and entering the step 3;
3. based on the initial length M, with M1The length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove (b) is gradually increased by the increasing range, water flushing is continuously carried out, and a measuring section channel is observed;
the length of the eroded part in the main sand and soil supply groove (b) has an initial length of M and an increase of M1The number of times of increase is n, and the total length of increase is n × M1；
4. If the length of the erodible part in the main sand and soil supply groove (b) is increased by the n-1M1The C3 condition occurs while increasing the nth M1When the working condition of C2 appears, namely the replenishing sand and soil supply groove C has obvious erosion phenomenon, and the channel of the sand and soil transporting groove (d) has no obvious erosion phenomenon, the sediment content measured by the sand-containing water flow sample received at the outlet (e) of the measuring channel is the water flow sand transporting capacity under the hydraulic working condition;
5. if the length of the erodible part in the main sand and soil supply groove (b) is increased by the n-1M1The C3 condition occurs while increasing the nth M1When the C1 working condition appears, namely the supplemental sand supply groove (C) and the sand conveying groove (d) have no obvious erosion phenomenon, the C2 working condition is reached through the following steps:
5.1, on the basis of the length of the part which can be eroded in the main sand-soil supply groove (b) when the last C3 working condition appears, reducing the increasing amplitude to a half, gradually increasing the length of the part which can be eroded in the main sand-soil supply groove (b), continuously flushing by discharging water, and observing a channel of the measuring section;
5.2, stopping if the C2 working condition occurs, wherein the sediment content measured by the sediment-containing water flow sample received at the outlet e of the measuring channel is the water flow sand conveying capacity under the hydraulic working condition; if the C1 condition is present, the method returns to step 5.1 and continues with steps 5.1 and 5.2.
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