CN108535454A - A kind of soil erosion test system and method - Google Patents
A kind of soil erosion test system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108535454A CN108535454A CN201810749380.7A CN201810749380A CN108535454A CN 108535454 A CN108535454 A CN 108535454A CN 201810749380 A CN201810749380 A CN 201810749380A CN 108535454 A CN108535454 A CN 108535454A
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- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 44
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 44
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of soil erosion test system comprising the gradient for being configured to adjust sink in the bottom of sink is arranged in sink, sediment transport equipment, mixing plant, gradient regulating mechanism, the first pond and the second pond, gradient regulating mechanism；First pond is arranged in the lower section of sink outlet, second pond is arranged near the first pond and is connect by communicating pipe with the first pond, mixing plant is arranged in the top of sink, sink is connected with water inlet pipe, the other end of water inlet pipe connects the second pond, second pond is internally provided with muddy water pump, and muddy water pump is provided with the flow control valve for adjusting water flow.The system structure is simple, floor space is small, it can provide condition for analysis overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity and sedimentation, analyse in depth overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity and sedimentation process under different condition, understand that soil erosion process provides experimental condition to be deep.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil erosion fields, and system and method is tested more particularly to a kind of soil erosion.
Background technology
Slope soil erosion is the main source of pollution of area source.Soil Erosion Process Research can be Development of Soil Erosion Models
Key technology is provided and bringing soil erosion under control provides important evidence.Flume test is a weight of slope surface Erosion research
Want means.Existing flume test mostly uses sink top funnel for sand, the not only laborious, stability for husky mode sediment transport for sand
Difference, while there is also security risks.Therefore it is important to change having for sand for guarantee test safety and stablizing for husky mode for sink
Meaning.For this purpose, having developed the sediment transport equipment based on ground sediment transport, and effectively combined with sink, improves the safety of flume test
Coefficient, while also guarantee is provided for sand for stabilization.
Invention content
In order to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, the present invention provides a kind of soil erosion experiment test system and method,
Simple in structure, floor space is small, can provide condition further investigated soil for soil erosion sediment transport and sedimentation experiment and invade
The basic law of erosion process provides service for Model of Soil Erosion research and development and bringing soil erosion under control.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of soil erosion experiment test system comprising sink, sediment transport equipment, stirring are set
Standby, gradient regulating mechanism, the first pond and the second pond, the gradient regulating mechanism are arranged in the bottom of the sink,
It is configured to adjust the gradient of the sink；
First pond is arranged in the lower section of the water outlet of the sink, and second pond is arranged in first water
It is connect near pond and by communicating pipe with first pond,
The top of the sink is arranged the mixing plant, and the sink is connected with water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe it is another
End the second pond of connection, second pond place inside are provided with muddy water pump, and the muddy water pump is provided with for adjusting
The flow control valve of water flow,
The bottom of the sink is provided with ground coarse analog layer, and the exit of the sink is provided with for acquiring
Muddy water sample V-type is open, and the top of the sink is provided with third pond, and the third pond connects the water inlet pipe,
The mixing plant is arranged inside the third pond, the mixing plant include control panel, pedestal and
The end set of agitating shaft, the agitating shaft has multiple spiral blades, is provided on the control panel for adjusting stirring
The gears regulating switch of device-speed,
The gradient regulating mechanism includes elevating mechanism, fixed pulley and chain, and the chain is arranged at the bottom of the sink
Portion simultaneously connects the elevating mechanism across the fixed pulley,
The sediment transport equipment includes sediment transport hopper, motor, controller and sediment delivery pipe, the first end of the sediment delivery pipe
Connecting the sediment transport hopper, the second end of the sediment delivery pipe is arranged above the third pond, and the of the sediment delivery pipe
Two ends are provided with the adjustable opening of size, and the motor is arranged at the top of the sediment delivery pipe and by electric wire and the control
Device connects and is controlled by the controller, and the controller can adjust the frequency of the motor to adjust the defeated of sediment transport equipment
Husky rate, the sediment delivery pipe are internally provided with spiral blade.
Preferably, the spiral blade is arranged in the sediment delivery pipe alternate internal.
Preferably, height of the second end of the sediment delivery pipe apart from ground is controlled by hydraulic jack.
Preferably, the sediment transport hopper is funnel-form, and the bottom of the sediment transport hopper connects the first of the sediment delivery pipe
End, for the sediment transport hopper by piping connection sand basin, the sediment transport hopper is internally provided with pumping installations, the pumping installations with
The controller is connected by means of data line, and the opening is arranged in the bottom of the sediment transport hopper.
Preferably, the adjustable opening of the size includes multiple revolvable blades and blade rotary drive mechanism, institute
Stating blade can rotate under the action of blade rotary drive mechanism to form opening and adjust the big of opening according to rotation angle
Small, the blade rotary drive mechanism connect with the controller communication and is controlled by the controller.
Preferably, the blade rotary drive mechanism is provided with blade angle rotating scale.
Preferably, the adjustable range of the sink gradient is 0-60%.
Preferably, the water flow is less than 6 × 10-3m2/s。
Preferably, the elevating mechanism is manual rocking handle or electronic rocking handle.
Preferably, the present invention also provides a kind of soil erosion test methods comprising following steps：
S1, the adjusting sink gradient make experimental condition reach goal condition, and open stirring and set by valve regulated flow
Standby switch；
S2, the feed inlet opening for opening sediment transport equipment is closed, sediment transport hopper is filled into experiment soil；
S3, controller power source is connected, controller frequency is adjusted to the frequency needed for design silt discharge, and open controller
Switch；
S4, the adjustable opening of the size of sediment transport equipment is adjusted to the size needed for target silt discharge, experiment soil passes through defeated
Sand tube road enters the third pond of sink；
S5, judge whether sedimentary loading meets experiment needs, if sedimentary loading is insufficient, increase opening to increase sedimentary loading, such as still
Experiment needs cannot be met, increase controller frequency, until sedimentary loading meets experiment needs；If sedimentary loading is excessive, reduce opening
Sedimentary loading is reduced, such as still cannot meet the needs, reduces controller frequency to meeting experiment needs；
S6, after the test is first shut off the feed inlet opening of sediment transport equipment, is then shut off controller switches, disconnects control
Device power supply processed closes mixing plant switch.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
The present invention provides a kind of soil erosion test system and method, can stablize for sand, Labor-saving high-efficiency, safety, structure letter
Single, floor space is small, can provide condition for the exploration of soil erosion mechanism.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the sink of the present invention and the vertical view in pond；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the mixing plant of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the adjustable opening of size of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the relationship of the River Sediment Carrying Capacity and flow velocity of the cinnamon soil of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the relationship of the sand holding ability predicted value and measured value of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the relationship of the River Sediment Carrying Capacity and shearing force of the cinnamon soil of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the relationship of the sand holding ability predicted value and measured value of the cinnamon soil of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the relationship of the River Sediment Carrying Capacity and stream power of the cinnamon soil of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the relationship of the sand holding ability predicted value and measured value of the cinnamon soil of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the relationship of the River Sediment Carrying Capacity and unit stream power of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 13 is the relationship of the River Sediment Carrying Capacity and flow of the cinnamon soil of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 14 is the relationship of the River Sediment Carrying Capacity predicted value and measured value of the cinnamon soil of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Below with reference to the attached drawing exemplary embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail, feature and aspect of performance.It is identical in attached drawing
Reference numeral indicate functionally the same or similar element.Although the various aspects of embodiment are shown in the accompanying drawings, remove
It non-specifically points out, it is not necessary to attached drawing drawn to scale.
The present invention provides a kind of soil erosion and tests system, as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3 comprising sink 1, sediment transport equipment 2,
Mixing plant 3, gradient regulating mechanism 4, the first pond 11 and the second pond 12, gradient regulating mechanism 4 are arranged at the bottom of sink 1
Portion is configured to adjust the gradient of sink 1, and the adjustable range of the sink gradient is 0-60%.
First pond 11 is arranged in the lower section of the water outlet of sink 1, and the second pond 12 is arranged near the first pond 11
And connect with the first pond 11 by communicating pipe 13, using being connected communicating pipe 13 between the first pond 11 and the second pond 12
Connect, ensure water recycle and stable water supply.
Mixing plant 3 is arranged in the top of sink 1, and sink 1 is connected with water inlet pipe 14, the other end connection second of water inlet pipe 14
Pond 12,12 place inside of the second pond are provided with muddy water pump 15, and muddy water pump 15 is provided with for adjusting water flow
Flow control valve.
The bottom of sink 1 is provided with ground coarse analog layer, and the exit of sink 1 is provided with for acquiring muddy water sample
The top of V-type opening 16, sink 1 is provided with third pond 17, and third pond 17 connects water inlet pipe 14.By means of muddy water sample V-type
Opening 16 can acquire muddy water sample for being tested manually.
As shown in figure 4, mixing plant 3 is arranged inside third pond 17, mixing plant 3 includes control panel, pedestal 31
And agitating shaft 32, the end set of agitating shaft 32 have multiple spiral blades 33, are provided on control panel and are stirred for adjusting
The gears regulating switch of mixing equipment rate can adjust multiple gears of mixing plant 3 by means of regulation stall regulating switch.
Gradient regulating mechanism includes elevating mechanism, fixed pulley and chain, and chain is arranged in the bottom of sink and across fixed sliding
Wheel connection elevating mechanism, elevating mechanism are manual rocking handle or electronic rocking handle.
Sediment transport equipment 2 is provided with sediment transport hopper 21, sediment delivery pipe 22, motor 101 and controller 10, sediment delivery pipe 22
First end connects sediment transport hopper 21, and the second end of sediment delivery pipe 22 is arranged above third pond 17, and the second of sediment delivery pipe 22
End be husky portion 23 be provided with size it is adjustable opening 105, motor 101 be arranged the top of sediment delivery pipe 22 and by electric wire with
Controller 10 connects and is controlled by controller 10, and controller 10 is capable of the frequency of regulation motor 101 to adjust sediment transport equipment
Silt discharge, sediment delivery pipe 22 are internally provided with spiral blade.Spiral blade 33 is arranged in 22 alternate internal of sediment delivery pipe.
Preferably, height of the second end of sediment delivery pipe 22 apart from ground is controlled by hydraulic jack.
Preferably, sediment transport hopper 21 is funnel-form, the first end of the bottom connection sediment delivery pipe 22 of sediment transport hopper 21, sediment transport
Hopper 21 is by piping connection sand basin, and sediment transport hopper is internally provided with pumping installations, and pumping installations is with controller 10 by means of number
It is connected according to line.
Preferably, as shown in figure 5, the adjustable opening 105 of size is revolved including multiple revolvable blades 1051 and blade
Turn driving mechanism 1052, blade rotary drive mechanism 1052 is internally provided with driving motor, and driving motor is configured to drive
The rotation of blade rotary drive mechanism 1052 is rotated with band movable vane piece, and blade rotary drive mechanism 1052 is provided with blade angle rotation
Scale, driving motor under the control of controller 10 according to blade angle rotating scale band movable vane piece rotary drive mechanism rotate with
The size of opening is adjusted with movable vane piece rotation.Blade 1051 can rotate under the action of blade rotary drive mechanism to be formed
It is open and is adjusted according to the scale of rotation angle the size of opening 1053, blade rotary drive mechanism 1052 is communicated with controller 10
It connects and is controlled by controller 10.
Feed openings size meter full scale is in 4-18mm.Go out the sedimentary loading that husky portion 23 is provided with for detecting sedimentary loading to detect
Sensor 231.
The input terminal of the output end connection controller 10 of sediment transport quantity detection sensor 231, the output end connection of controller 10
The input terminal of motor 101 and openings of sizes regulating mechanism 105, sediment transport quantity detection sensor 231 send sediment transport to controller 10
Amount, controller 10 are internally provided with sedimentary loading lowest threshold and sedimentary loading highest threshold value.
When the sedimentary loading that sediment transport quantity detection sensor 231 detects is less than sedimentary loading lowest threshold, controller 10 is to opening
Mouth size regulating mechanism sends signal increase opening to increase sedimentary loading, and such as sedimentary loading when opening is adjusted to maximum is still below
Sedimentary loading lowest threshold, then the frequency of the increase of controller 10 motor 101 is to increase the sedimentary loading of pumping installations 103, until sediment transport
Amount reaches sedimentary loading lowest threshold；
When the sedimentary loading that sediment transport quantity detection sensor 231 detects is higher than sedimentary loading highest threshold value, controller is to opening
Size regulating mechanism 105 sends signal and reduces opening to reduce sedimentary loading, and such as sedimentary loading when opening is adjusted to minimum is still high
In sedimentary loading highest threshold value, then controller reduces controller frequency, until sedimentary loading reaches sedimentary loading highest threshold value.
Preferably, the end set of water inlet pipe connection water channel has water flow sensor 104, water flow sensor 104 and control
The communication of device 10 processed connects and is controlled by controller 10.
Preferably, for sediment transport hopper 21 by piping connection sand basin, sediment transport hopper 21 is internally provided with pumping installations 103, pump
Device 103 is sent to be connect by means of data line with controller 10, opening 105 is arranged in the bottom of sediment transport hopper.
Preferably, the adjustable range of the sink gradient is 0-60%.
Preferably, water flow is less than 6 × 10-3m2/s。
This system can be used in simulating the soil erosion of different soils, be held under the arm to overland flow flow for analysis different soils characteristic
The influence of Sha Li provides condition, simulates practical soil erosion, can be using soil as test material, in conjunction with the soil on China abrupt slope
The characteristics of earth erosion feature, the consideration soil texture, analyse in depth influence of the different soils characteristic to overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity.
The present invention also provides a kind of soil erosion test methods comprising following steps：
S1, the adjusting sink gradient make experimental condition reach goal condition, and open stirring and set by valve regulated flow
Standby switch；
S2, the feed inlet opening for opening sediment transport equipment, experiment soil is filled by sediment transport hopper；
S3, controller power source is connected, controller frequency is adjusted to the frequency needed for design silt discharge, and open controller
Switch；
S4, the adjustable opening of the size of sediment transport equipment is adjusted to the size needed for target silt discharge, experiment soil passes through defeated
Sand tube road enters the third pond of sink；
S5, judge whether sedimentary loading meets experiment needs, if sedimentary loading is insufficient, increase opening to increase sedimentary loading, such as still
Experiment needs cannot be met, increase controller frequency, until sedimentary loading meets experiment needs；If sedimentary loading is excessive, reduce opening
Sedimentary loading is reduced, such as still cannot meet the needs, reduces controller frequency to meeting experiment needs；
S6, after the test is first shut off the feed inlet opening of sediment transport equipment, is then shut off controller switches, disconnects control
Device power supply processed closes mixing plant switch.
Sediment transport device sediment transport rate after wherein the sediment transport frequency and feeder feed openings of cinnamon soil are adjusted is as shown in table 1 below：
Table 1
Sediment transport device sediment transport rate after wherein husky sediment transport frequency and feeder feed openings are adjusted is as shown in table 2 below：
Table 2
Specific embodiment
For the soil erosion test method of cinnamon soil
S1, the sink gradient is adjusted to experiment value of slope, water flow is adjusted to experiment flow with solenoid valve, goes forward side by side
Row flow measurement opens mixing plant switch, starts sediment transport equipment after flow measurement, adjust sediment transport device frequency and opening is big
It is small, it is continuously increased for native rate, when silt cannot all be taken away by flow, slight deposition occurs, starts River Sediment Carrying Capacity
Measurement, by means of water sand standard specimen collecting device acquire water sand-like.
S2, flow rate of water flow, flow shear, stream power and unit stream power are calculated：
Wherein：The calculation formula of the depth of water is as follows：
V is flow rate of water flow (m/s) in formula, and Q is flow (m3/ s), B is sink width (m), and H is the depth of water (m)；
The calculation formula of flow shear is as follows：
τ=ρ gHS
τ is flow shear (Pa) in formula, and ρ is the density (kg/m of water3), S is the sink gradient (m/m)；
The calculation formula of stream power is as follows：
ω=τ V
ω is stream power (kg/m in formula3)；
The calculation formula of unit stream power is as follows：
P=VS
P is unit stream power (m/s) in formula；
S3, data processing and chart production are carried out to the hydrodynamic parameter of measurement and the River Sediment Carrying Capacity of experiment soil, obtained
To the experiment relationship of native River Sediment Carrying Capacity and different hydrodynamic parameter；
S4, it is directed to cinnamon soil, selects different gradient and flow combination, repeat step S1-S3, carry out 30 groups of experiments, record is every
The relevant parameter of secondary experiment.
Preferably, step S3 specifically includes following steps：
S31, the relationship for being fitted River Sediment Carrying Capacity and flow velocity, and make relation curve；
S32, the relationship for being fitted River Sediment Carrying Capacity and flow shear, and make relation curve；
S33, the relationship for being fitted River Sediment Carrying Capacity and stream power, and make relation curve；
S34, the relationship for being fitted River Sediment Carrying Capacity and the gradient and flow, and make relation curve.
Shown in wherein under the slope flow sand holding ability of cinnamon soil and the fitting formula of flow velocity, the coefficient of determination 0.92.Fig. 5 is provided
The River Sediment Carrying Capacity of cinnamon soil and the relation curve of flow velocity；
TCinnamon soil=6.878V2.571 R2=0.92 (1)
The overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity of cinnamon soil and the relationship of flow velocity can preferably be expressed with power function, and River Sediment Carrying Capacity
Increase with the increase of flow velocity, with the increase of flow velocity, flow velocity increases the influence of the overland flow sand holding ability of cinnamon soil therewith
Greatly.
It will be appreciated from fig. 6 that the sand holding ability predicted value and measured value of the cinnamon soil calculated using above-mentioned formula are substantially distributed in 1:1 line
Near, illustrate that above-mentioned formula can preferably predict the overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity of cinnamon soil.
The fit approach of the relationship of River Sediment Carrying Capacity and flow shear is as follows：
TCinnamon soil=0.275 τ1.445 R2=0.80 (2)
The overland flow sand holding ability of cinnamon soil increases with the increase of flow shear, River Sediment Carrying Capacity and flow shear
Relationship can be expressed with power function, and correlativity is as shown in above-mentioned formula, the coefficient of determination 0.80.The relation curve of the two is such as
Fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 7, the River Sediment Carrying Capacity predicted value and measured value overall distribution of the cinnamon soil calculated using formula are 1:1 line is attached
Closely, partial predictor is less than normal compared with measured value.
River Sediment Carrying Capacity and the fitting formula of stream power relationship are as follows：
TCinnamon soil=0.901 ω0.969
R2=0.83 (3)
The overland flow sand holding ability of cinnamon soil increases with the increase of stream power, overland flow sand holding ability and the flow work(of cinnamon soil
The relationship of rate can be expressed with power function, and fitting formula is formula 3, the coefficient of determination 0.83, relation curve such as Fig. 8 institutes of the two
Show.
From fig. 9, it can be seen that the cinnamon soil sand holding ability predicted value and measured value that are calculated using formula 3 are substantially distributed in 1:1 line
Near, partial predictor is less than normal compared with measured value.
The relationship of River Sediment Carrying Capacity and unit stream power
As shown in Figure 10, the overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity of cinnamon soil and unit stream power are subjected to power function fitting, gained
The coefficient of determination of fitting formula is only 0.28, illustrates not carrying out between the River Sediment Carrying Capacity of cinnamon soil and unit stream power preferably
Fitting.
The relationship of River Sediment Carrying Capacity and flow
Under the conditions of different gradient, the overland flow sand holding ability of cinnamon soil increases with the increase of flow, the overland flow of cinnamon soil
The simulative relation of sand holding ability and flow is as shown in table 3, and Figure 11 is the overland flow sand holding ability and flow of cinnamon soil under the conditions of different gradient
Relation curve.
The relationship (cinnamon soil) of 3 River Sediment Carrying Capacity of table and flow
As shown in Table 3, it is in preferable power letter under the conditions of different gradient, between the River Sediment Carrying Capacity and discharge per unit width of cinnamon soil
Number relationship, the coefficient of determination is 0.98 or more.As shown in Figure 12, under the conditions of same traffic different gradient, River Sediment Carrying Capacity
Difference is smaller, illustrates that the gradient is smaller to the overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity influence of cinnamon soil.
The relationship of River Sediment Carrying Capacity and the gradient
Under the conditions of different flow, the overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity of cinnamon soil increases with the increase of the gradient, the water of cinnamon soil
The simulative relation for flowing sand holding ability and the gradient is as shown in table 4, and Figure 12 gives the overland flow sand holding ability of cinnamon soil and the relationship song of the gradient
Line.As shown in Table 4, it is in preferable power function relationship under the conditions of different flow, between the overland flow sand holding ability and the gradient of cinnamon soil, certainly
Coefficient is determined 0.92 or more.
The relationship (cinnamon soil) of 4 River Sediment Carrying Capacity of table and the gradient
As shown in Figure 12, with the increase of the gradient, the overland flow sand holding ability of different flow increases therewith.With the increasing of the gradient
Greatly, the difference of the overland flow sand holding ability under the conditions of different flow also increases therewith.When flow increases to 1.5L/s or more, cinnamon soil
Slope
Surface current sand holding ability has apparent increase.Illustrate flow to the influence of the overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity of cinnamon soil compared with
Greatly.
The relationship of River Sediment Carrying Capacity and the gradient and flow
R2=0.96 (4)
27 groups of test datas of cinnamon soil experiment found analyze comprehensively after, the overland flow sand holding ability of cinnamon soil and the gradient and
It is in power function relationship, the coefficient of determination 0.96 between flow.Its fitting formula is formula (4).As can be seen from Figure 13, it utilizes
The overland flow sand holding ability predicted value for the cinnamon soil that formula (4) calculates is substantially distributed in 1 with measured value:Near 1 line, illustrate formula (4)
Preferably predict the River Sediment Carrying Capacity of cinnamon soil.
The overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity of cinnamon soil is mainly influenced by flow, and the gradient entry deletion of formula (4) is analyzed comprehensively
27 groups of data of cinnamon soil experiment, can obtain following formula.
R2=0.89 (5)
It is compared with formula (4), the coefficient of determination of formula (5) has dropped 7%, is 0.89.But it is seen from figure 14 that profit
The sand holding ability predicted value and measured value of the cinnamon soil calculated with formula (5) are substantially distributed in 1:Near 1 line, illustrate that formula (5) is predicted
The overland flow River Sediment Carrying Capacity effect of cinnamon soil is preferable.
Finally it should be noted that：Above-described embodiments are merely to illustrate the technical scheme, rather than to it
Limitation；Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：
It can still modify to the technical solution recorded in previous embodiment, or to which part or all technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these modifications or substitutions, it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution various embodiments of the present invention technical side
The range of case.
Claims (10)
1. system is tested in a kind of soil erosion, it is characterised in that：It includes sink, sediment transport equipment, mixing plant, gradient adjusting machine
Structure, the first pond and the second pond, the gradient regulating mechanism are arranged in the bottom of the sink, are configured to adjust institute
State the gradient of sink；
First pond is arranged in the lower section of the sink outlet, and second pond is arranged in the attached of first pond
It is connect closely and with first pond by communicating pipe,
The mixing plant is arranged in the top of the sink, and the sink is connected with water inlet pipe, and the other end of the water inlet pipe connects
The second pond is connect, second pond place inside is provided with muddy water pump, and the muddy water pump is provided with for adjusting flow
The flow control valve of flow,
The bottom of the sink is provided with ground coarse analog layer, and the exit of the sink is provided with for acquiring muddy water
Sample V-type is open, and the top of the sink is provided with third pond, and the third pond connects the water inlet pipe,
The mixing plant is arranged inside the third pond, and the mixing plant includes control panel, pedestal and stirring
The end set of axis, the agitating shaft has multiple spiral blades, is provided on the control panel for adjusting mixing plant
The gears regulating switch of rate,
The gradient regulating mechanism includes elevating mechanism, fixed pulley and chain, the chain be arranged the bottom of the sink simultaneously
The elevating mechanism is connected across the fixed pulley,
The sediment transport equipment includes sediment transport hopper, motor, controller and sediment delivery pipe, the first end connection of the sediment delivery pipe
The second end of the sediment transport hopper, the sediment delivery pipe is arranged above the third pond, the second end of the sediment delivery pipe
It is provided with the adjustable opening of size, the motor is arranged at the top of the sediment delivery pipe and connects by electric wire and the controller
The controller is connect and is controlled by, the controller can adjust the frequency of the motor to adjust the sediment transport of sediment transport equipment
Rate, the sediment delivery pipe are internally provided with spiral blade.
2. system is tested in soil erosion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The spiral blade is in the sediment transport
Pipeline alternate internal is arranged.
3. system is tested in soil erosion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The second end distance of the sediment delivery pipe
The height on ground is controlled by hydraulic jack.
4. system is tested in soil erosion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The sediment transport hopper is funnel-form, institute
The bottom for stating sediment transport hopper connects the first end of the sediment delivery pipe, and the sediment transport hopper is described defeated by piping connection sand basin
Sand material bucket is internally provided with pumping installations, and the pumping installations is connect with the controller by means of data line, and the opening is set
It sets in the bottom of the sediment transport hopper.
5. system is tested in soil erosion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The adjustable opening of size includes more
A revolvable blade and blade rotary drive mechanism, the blade can rotate under the action of blade rotary drive mechanism
To form opening and adjust the size of opening according to rotation angle, the blade rotary drive mechanism connects with the controller communication
It connects and is controlled by the controller.
6. system is tested in soil erosion according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The blade rotary drive mechanism setting
There is blade angle rotating scale.
7. system is tested in soil erosion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The adjustable range of the sink gradient is
0-60 degree.
8. system is tested in soil erosion according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The water flow is less than 6 × 10- 3m2/s。
9. system is tested in soil erosion according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The elevating mechanism be manual rocking handle or
Electronic rocking handle.
10. a kind of method that soil erosion test system according to claim 1 is tested, it is characterised in that：
It includes the following steps：
S1, the adjusting sink gradient make experimental condition reach goal condition, and open mixing plant and open by valve regulated flow
It closes；
S2, the feed inlet opening for opening sediment transport equipment is closed, sediment transport hopper is filled into experiment soil；
S3, controller power source is connected, controller frequency is adjusted to the frequency needed for design silt discharge, and open controller and open
It closes；
S4, the adjustable opening of the size of sediment transport equipment is adjusted to the size needed for target silt discharge, experiment soil passes through sandline
Road enters the third pond of sink；
S5, judge whether sedimentary loading meets experiment needs, if sedimentary loading is insufficient, increases opening to increase sedimentary loading, such as still cannot
Meet experiment needs, increase controller frequency, until sedimentary loading meets experiment needs；If sedimentary loading is excessive, reduce opening to subtract
Few sedimentary loading, such as still cannot meet the needs, and reduce controller frequency to satisfaction experiment needs；
S6, after the test is first shut off the feed inlet opening of sediment transport equipment, is then shut off controller switches, disconnects controller
Power supply closes mixing plant switch.
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Application publication date: 20180914 |