CN201883409U - Manually-bent diversion trench of river work dynamic bed model of heavily silt-carrying river - Google Patents
Manually-bent diversion trench of river work dynamic bed model of heavily silt-carrying river Download PDFInfo
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- CN201883409U CN201883409U CN2010206095943U CN201020609594U CN201883409U CN 201883409 U CN201883409 U CN 201883409U CN 2010206095943 U CN2010206095943 U CN 2010206095943U CN 201020609594 U CN201020609594 U CN 201020609594U CN 201883409 U CN201883409 U CN 201883409U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a manually-bent diversion trench of a river work dynamic bed model of a heavily silt-carrying river, which adopts a diversion trench form with fixed boundaries. The diversion trench is formed by connecting an inlet dynamic bed transition section, an inlet fixed bed transition section, a diversion trench inlet section, a diversion trench inlet transition section, a diversion trench straight connecting section, a diversion trench outlet transition section, a diversion trench outlet section, an outlet fixed bed transition section and an outlet dynamic bed transition section in sequence; and potential energy, which is added by the added gradient between an inlet and an outlet of the diversion trench, is equal to energy consumed by flow when flowing through the diversion trench. The manually-bent diversion trench can overcome the limit of insufficient length of the model without changing the scale of the model.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of heavily silt-carrying river river conservancy worker movable bed model guiding gutter of manually transferring, this device be a kind of when test site length not enough, when being difficult to lay whole section of model according to prototype river course tendency, if the test site width allows, guaranteeing under the former streamflow waterpower rule permanence condition of simulation section the modelling technology of being turned and lay by suitable angle in the section below a certain suitable section in simulation section.
Background technology
The river course system be the river under certain geographical environment and social environment, by its intrinsic self-law through long-term differentiation with adjust formed a kind of natural feature unit.Therefore, comprise that all characteristic element such as the trend in river and the orientation of river development all is the regularity performance of going to river and flowing through journey at specific natural environment.Obviously, in simulated test, if artificially transferred in the river course, and don't destroy original river waterpower rule, this will be a technical problem that theoretical property is very strong.
From present present Research, research to this problem is very rarely seen, only have Tsing-Hua University's water conservancy lie in 1976 described in " people turns round and the application of lightweight sand in the river model test " and the Primary Study achievement, its research is to carry out in conjunction with a river model test of certain section, upper river mountain area.This achievement in research has certain inspiration meaning for further carrying out manually the transfer research of method of river conservancy worker's movable bed model.But its research also has some obvious weak points, is mainly: (1) lacks the theory analysis foundation, does not propose concrete design principle and method for designing; (2) do not consider the cross direction profiles problem of flow velocity and sand content.For the riverbed dashed the violent test reach of the differentiation of becoming silted up, the uniformity of the husky key element cross direction profiles of water was very important; (3) mean sediment concentration and flow velocity are all only being represented the checking of having carried out single vertical line on the section, and the vertical line mean sediment concentration only selected a flow level, and the conforming problem of cross direction profiles of mean sediment concentration and flow velocity can not be described; (4) the transfer river-bed deformation of importing and exporting section and the consistency analysis of other key element.In addition, the riverbed, section of its research is more stable, and fringe conditions is simpler relatively.
Therefore, in order further to promote manually the transfer research of method for designing of river conservancy worker's movable bed model, demand urgently carrying out system research from design theory, design principles and method for designing, especially for this class sand content height of picture the Yellow River, the violent river of river-bed deformation, carry out modelling in this respect, have more key technology problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and the river model of manually transferring under a kind of, situation that width is relatively more rich not enough in model place length is provided, the heavily silt-carrying river river conservancy worker movable bed model that requires the model water movement parameter before and after the turnover the to remain unchanged guiding gutter of manually transferring.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that a kind of artificial turnover guiding gutter of heavily silt-carrying river river conservancy worker movable bed model, it is characterized in that: adopt to have the guiding gutter form of fixed boundary, guiding gutter is by import movable bed changeover portion, import fixed bed changeover portion, the guiding gutter inducer, guiding gutter import turn section, the straight linkage section of guiding gutter, guiding gutter outlet turn section, the guiding gutter outlet section, outlet fixed bed changeover portion, outlet movable bed changeover portion connects to form successively, and the additional ratio between guiding gutter import and guiding gutter outlet falls the potential energy that is increased and equals the energy that current are flowed through and consumed in the guiding gutter process.
Import movable bed changeover portion connects the upstream and is connected section and guiding gutter import, and its effect is to eliminate the local scour of upstream movable bed test section and fixed bed import department hole; The guiding gutter import is the section that current flow into, and its effect is to make current enter guiding gutter from here also to begin thus current are imposed additional gradient; Import fixed bed changeover portion is used to connect guiding gutter import and guiding gutter inducer, and its effect is to finish the transition of import to guiding gutter bar canal, makes the current that enter enter each bar canal of guiding gutter with the state that is tending towards equal uniform flow smooth-goingly; The guiding gutter inducer is used to connect import fixed bed changeover portion and guiding gutter import turn section, its effect is the tributary that the total stream in the import fixed bed changeover portion is divided into several guiding gutter bar canals, make current steadily to be sent to guiding gutter import turn section, keep the uniformity of the husky cross direction profiles of water according to the husky cross direction profiles characteristics of the water of guiding gutter import; Guiding gutter import turn section is used to connect guiding gutter inducer and the straight linkage section of guiding gutter, its effect is that the current in the guiding gutter are manually turned back by certain angle, makes model accurately finish whole artificial turnover and make in advance and preparing tentatively being adjusted into aspect the angle according to the requirement of test site; The straight linkage section of guiding gutter is used to connect guiding gutter import turn section and guiding gutter outlet turn section, and its effect is artificial turnover suitably to be adjusted to satisfy the demand that the downstream is connected section and downstream model test section rational deployment at the place width according to the requirement of test site; Guiding gutter outlet turn section is used to connect straight linkage section of guiding gutter and guiding gutter outlet section, and its effect is to make the current in the guiding gutter finish final turnover, cooperates guiding gutter import turn section to turn back current jointly to reach the requirement of design turning angle; The guiding gutter outlet section is used to connect guiding gutter outlet turn section and outlet fixed bed changeover portion, and its effect is to make the smooth-going outlet fixed bed changeover portion that transits to of the current of finishing artificial turnover; Outlet fixed bed changeover portion is used to connect guiding gutter outlet section and outlet movable bed changeover portion, and its effect is smooth-going the confluxing of current that makes in each guiding gutter bar canal, thereby keeps the uniformity of the husky cross direction profiles of whole current water in guiding gutter import and guiding gutter exit; Guiding gutter outlet is the section of current bleeder, and its effect is to make the current bleeder and stop current being applied additional than falling from here of finishing artificial turnover; Outlet movable bed changeover portion is used for connecting outlet fixed bed changeover portion and is connected section with the downstream, its effect is a scour hole of eliminating downstream movable bed test section and fixed bed exit, make the current of the guiding gutter of flowing through to be connected the smooth-going downstream model that enters of the hydraulic elements regularity of distribution of section with the upstream, realize influencing each other and restricting of segment model up and down.
The utlity model has following good effect:
Major advantage of the present utility model is: in the practice of model testing, when the section of simulation is longer, tend to run into because of the too short situation that is difficult to lay according to preferable design guide model in model testing place.For this reason, the way of having to mostly take to select to dwindle model plane guide is solved, obviously, this method is with the similitude of giving up the model aspect and to reduce simulation precision be cost, the utility model can guarantee under the former streamflow waterpower rule permanence condition of simulation section, a kind of modelling technology with turning and lay by suitable angle in the section below a certain suitable section in simulation section can solve the not enough restriction of model chief's degree under without the situation of transformation model guide.
The result of the artificial turnover of river conservancy worker's movable bed model is the channel length that has increased the simulation section artificially, has changed the fringe conditions of local section.Therefore, in modelling, if do not carry out particular processing, what the waterpower rule of every current key element that model reflected and fluviomorphological process in river will be with prototypes is different fully, and this has also just lost the meaning of simulation.Thereby manually the transfer fundamental requirement of design of river model is to guarantee that artificial turnaround section imports and exports the uniformity of the water movement rule of section, and has similitude with prototype.In addition, for river conservancy worker's movable bed muddy water model testing, also should guarantee the uniformity of turnaround section import and export section current transportability of sediments, i.e. current sand holding ability S in curved section
*Constant along journey, that is
dS
*/dx＝0 (1)
X is a distance in the formula.In other words, designed artificial turnover bend should be able to satisfy in the husky process of whole test water, and washing away or depositing of silt do not taken place under every grade of flow and the corresponding sand content condition.
In theory, the characteristics of motion and the mechanics rule that make current import and export section in artificial turnaround section satisfy conforming requirement, and the flow energy that just should keep curved section to import and export section part equates.But, owing to having increased flow process artificially and having turned artificially, will inevitably increase the drag losses of current, cause the energy consumption of current to increase.Therefore, this increases the interior flow energy of curved section with regard to requiring by artificial mode, in order to compensate because of overcoming various resistance energy needed.According to the general principle of energy, the energy that is increased should satisfy following formula: Δ E=E
2-E
1+ E
f(2)
Δ E is the artificial energy that water body increased in turnaround section in the formula; E
2-E
1For fluid can change to exporting the interior of section from the turnaround section import; E
fFor fluid overcomes various resistance institute's works (or energy consumption).With whole curved section serves as to break away from body to consider, if not increasing fluid energies, can think so by changing approach such as pressure, temperature, with regard to the period on average, interior can not can changing, i.e. E
2=E
1(3)
Then formula (2) is Δ E=E
f(4)
According to the basic demand of artificial turnover design, the flow energy that promptly curved section is imported and exported section equates and keeps water flow dynamic energy or current transportability of sediments in the curved section constant, so, also should satisfy the principle of uniform distribution to the curved section energy that inner fluid increased, and is exactly
ΔE
1＝ΔE
2＝ΔE
3…＝ΔE
i i＝1，2…n (5)
Subscript 1 in the formula, and 2...i represents will the section of bending to be divided into the numbering of several small sections.In other words, increase the mode that the artificial fluid energy that changes in the bending section can not take to concentrate energization.Know that by fluid dynamic principle for arbitrary small section, (relatively) energy that the unit volume fluid is had equals (relatively) potential energy and kinetic energy sum, that is:
Δ Z in the formula
iIt is the drop of the small section of i; V
iIt is the mean flow rate of the small section of i.
On average consider to have from the period:
In the formula, t represents the time; Segment length when T is; C is a constant.Formula (7) shows that in a certain amount of time, for the fluid of unit volume, intrasystem energy adjustment is a balance, i.e. potential energy γ Δ Z
iIncrease or reduce, inevitable with its kinetic energy
Reduce or increase.Obviously, make
Constant, current must be to increase potential energy γ Δ Z for overcoming the people for causing the flow process lengthening and the caused additional drag of turning
iLoss be cost.Thereby for reaching this equilibrium relation, and for satisfying above-mentioned designing requirement, the mode that has also just limited artificial increase energy should be the potential energy that increases current.Adjusting the form and the big I of adjustment amount of potential energy is determined by relevant governing equation.
If the ratio in former river course is reduced to i
0, current are E by artificial turnaround section import (or going up linking) section to the energy loss that exports (or being connected down) section
f, so, can make its longitudinal plan (Fig. 2).According to aforementioned analysis, the potential energy height Δ Z that the turnover bend increases should equal the energy consumption E that artificial turnover is added
fCorresponding head loss height Δ h
e, formula (4) can be written as
ΔZ＝Δh
e (8)
Artificial turnaround section is consistent with the hydraulic elements that is connected section up and down in former river course, and then requiring the current in the turnaround section is equal uniform flow, and so, the potential energy height among Fig. 2 should meet following relation
Z＝Z
0+ΔZ
Write as energy domatic formula, i=i is then arranged
0+ Δ i (9)
In the formula, i is total gradient of turnaround section; i
0Be the former slope of river; Δ i is for falling because of the caused additional ratio of artificial turnover.Easily know by formula (8), if the energy loss E in the artificial turnaround section
fPairing ratio is reduced to J
f, Δ i=J then
f(10)
It is additional than the threshold of falling that Δ i in the formula (10) should be artificial bend.Contrast formula (4) or formula (8) are known, in artificial bend, overcome the energy consumption of various resistances for compensating flow, can solve than the form of falling by adjusting bend, the controlled condition more whole than falling tone is to guarantee that its potential energy that increases is equivalent to the energy consumption that current are increased in artificial bend, or adds than degradation and can loss-rate fall in artificial.
In general, the resistance that is subjected in flow process of current mainly contains grains of sand resistance, bed ripples resistance, riverbank boundary resistance, channel geometry resistance and artificial structure's resistance.But for the artificial bend current, if will guarantee that it is equal uniform flow, can not occur the distortion of becoming silted up of dashing of bed surface in the bend, need to guarantee the stability on border, so, suffered resistance should be mainly along journey boundary resistance loss and canal bending attitude drag losses, promptly
Ef＝(α+ζ)V
2/2g (11)
α, ζ are respectively along journey boundary-drag coefficient and coefficient of partial resistance in the formula.
In theory, after having determined the desired turning form in turning length and place (as corner), can carry out the design of artificial turnaround section by formula (10), formula (11).But, in design, also should make the Changing Pattern of resistance to water-flow in test flow level scope in the artificial bend have higher uniformity at the Changing Pattern of respective streams magnitude with the current that are connected the section up and down as far as possible, otherwise, just may make the water surface curve of turnaround section be connected the not consistent of section with upstream and downstream.So, in general, preferably make the variation of drag losses under each test flow level in the turnaround section little, promptly should be by take to be avoided its drag losses to become the dynamic parameter of a sensitivity as far as possible such as measure such as the turning section boundary handling.Like this, be actually the establishment of having satisfied following formula, i.e. h
On=h
Down+ Δ h
e(12)
In the formula, h
On, h
DownBe respectively the energy head of turnaround section upstream and downstream linking section part.Solemnity (12) is set up, and the water surface curve of upstream and downstream section just can obtain being connected naturally, can not occur significantly transferring or bad break.
In fact, the artificial bend by formula (10) design also can satisfy the requirement of formula (1) naturally.Because formula (10) has guaranteed " energy constant " of current in the artificial bend scope, simultaneously, separate the current of having controlled in the bend with the connection of formula (9) and be in even stream mode.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is artificial turnover guiding gutter layout plan.
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal plan of artificial turn section.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of artificial turnover guiding gutter of heavily silt-carrying river river conservancy worker movable bed model is characterized in that: adopt to have the guiding gutter form of fixed boundary,
Guiding gutter is by import movable bed changeover portion 1, guiding gutter import 2, import fixed bed changeover portion 3, guiding gutter inducer 4, guiding gutter import turn section 5, the straight linkage section 6 of guiding gutter, guiding gutter outlet turn section 7, guiding gutter outlet section 8, outlet fixed bed changeover portion 9, guiding gutter outlet 10 and outlet movable bed changeover portion 11 connect to form successively, the additional ratio that the outlet of guiding gutter import 2 and guiding gutter is 10 falls the potential energy that is increased and equals the energy that current are flowed through and consumed in the guiding gutter process, wherein bed surface and limit wall use the cement, flyash mortar to harden, the guiding gutter abutment wall uses hard plastic plate to separate, and guiding gutter is divided into six bar canals with identical hard plastic plate.
Import movable bed changeover portion 1 connects the upstream and is connected section and guiding gutter import 2, and its effect is to eliminate the local scour of upstream movable bed test section and fixed bed import department hole; Guiding gutter import 2 is sections that current enter, and its effect is to make current enter guiding gutter from here also to begin thus current are imposed additional gradient, and guiding gutter has a gradient from here; Import fixed bed changeover portion 3 connects guiding gutter import 2 and guiding gutter inducer 4, and its effect is to finish the transition of import to guiding gutter, makes the current that enter enter each bar canal of guiding gutter with the state that is tending towards equal uniform flow smooth-goingly; Guiding gutter inducer 4 connects import fixed bed changeover portion 3 and guiding gutter import turn section 5, its effect is the tributary that the total stream in the import fixed bed changeover portion 3 is divided into several guiding gutter bar canals, make current steadily to be sent to guiding gutter import turn section 5 according to the husky cross direction profiles characteristics of the water of guiding gutter import 2, keep the husky cross direction profiles uniformity of water, be provided with in the guiding gutter inducer 4 with identical hard plastic plate and be divided into six bar canals; Guiding gutter import turn section 5 connects guiding gutter inducer 4 and the straight linkage section 6 of guiding gutter, its effect is that the current in the guiding gutter are manually turned back by certain angle, makes model accurately finish whole artificial turnover and make in advance and preparing tentatively being adjusted into aspect the angle according to the requirement of test site; The straight linkage section 6 of guiding gutter connects guiding gutter import turn section 5 and guiding gutter outlet turn section 6, and its effect is artificial turnover suitably to be adjusted to satisfy the demand that the downstream is connected section and downstream model test section rational deployment at the place width according to the requirement of test site; Guiding gutter outlet turn section 7 connects straight linkage section 6 of guiding gutter and guiding gutter outlet section 8, and its effect is to make the current in the guiding gutter finish final turnover, cooperates guiding gutter import turn section 5 to turn back current jointly to reach the requirement of design turning angle; Guiding gutter outlet section 8 connects guiding gutter outlet turn section 7 and outlet fixed bed changeover portion 9, and its effect is to make the smooth-going outlet fixed bed changeover portion 9 that transits to of the current of finishing artificial turnover; Outlet fixed bed changeover portion 9 connects guiding gutter outlet section 8 and outlet movable bed changeover portion 11, and its effect is smooth-going the confluxing of current that makes in each guiding gutter, thereby keeps the husky cross direction profiles of whole current water to export the uniformity at 10 places at guiding gutter import 2 and guiding gutter; Guiding gutter outlet 10 is sections of current bleeder, and its effect is to make the current bleeder and stop current being applied additional than falling from here of finishing artificial turnover; Outlet movable bed changeover portion 11 connects outlet fixed bed changeover portion 9 and is connected section with the downstream, its effect is a scour hole of eliminating downstream movable bed test section and fixed bed exit, make the current of the guiding gutter of flowing through to be connected the smooth-going downstream model that enters of the hydraulic elements regularity of distribution of section with the upstream, realize influencing each other and restricting of segment model up and down.
Claims (2)
1. the artificial turnover guiding gutter of a heavily silt-carrying river river conservancy worker movable bed model, it is characterized in that: adopt to have the guiding gutter form of fixed boundary, guiding gutter is by import movable bed changeover portion (1), guiding gutter import (2), import fixed bed changeover portion (3), guiding gutter inducer (4), guiding gutter import turn section (5), the straight linkage section of guiding gutter (6), guiding gutter outlet turn section (7), guiding gutter outlet section (8), outlet fixed bed changeover portion (9), guiding gutter outlet (10) and outlet movable bed changeover portion (11) connect to form successively, additional ratio between import and export falls the potential energy that is increased and equals the energy that current are flowed through and consumed in the guiding gutter process, wherein bed surface and limit wall use the cement, flyash mortar to harden, the guiding gutter abutment wall uses hard plastic plate to separate, and guiding gutter is divided into six bar canals with identical hard plastic plate.
2. the artificial turnover guiding gutter of heavily silt-carrying river river conservancy worker movable bed model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: import movable bed changeover portion (1) connects the upstream and is connected section and guiding gutter import (2), eliminate the local scour hole of upstream movable bed test section and fixed bed import department, guiding gutter import (2) is the section that current enter, and current enter guiding gutter from here and begin thus current are imposed additional gradient; Import fixed bed changeover portion (3) connects guiding gutter import (2) and guiding gutter inducer (4), finishes the transition of import to guiding gutter, and the current that enter enter guiding gutter with the state that is tending towards equal uniform flow smooth-goingly; Guiding gutter inducer (4) connects import fixed bed changeover portion (3) and guiding gutter import turn section (5), total stream that import fixed bed changeover portion (3) is interior is divided into the tributary in several guiding gutters, current can steadily be sent to guiding gutter import turn section (5) according to the husky cross direction profiles characteristics of the water of guiding gutter import (2), keep the husky cross direction profiles uniformity of water; Guiding gutter import turn section (5) connects guiding gutter inducer (4) and the straight linkage section of guiding gutter (6), current in the guiding gutter are manually turned back by certain angle, make model accurately finish whole artificial turnover and make in advance and preparing tentatively being adjusted into aspect the angle according to the requirement of test site; The straight linkage section of guiding gutter (6) connects guiding gutter import turn section (5) and guiding gutter outlet turn section (6), artificial turnover is suitably adjusted to satisfy the demand that the downstream is connected section and downstream model test section rational deployment at the place width according to the requirement of test site; Guiding gutter outlet turn section (7) connects straight linkage section of guiding gutter (6) and guiding gutter outlet section (8), makes the current in the guiding gutter finish final turnover, cooperates guiding gutter import turn section (5) to turn back current jointly to reach the requirement of design turning angle; Guiding gutter outlet section (8) connects guiding gutter outlet turn section (7) and outlet fixed bed changeover portion (9), makes the smooth-going outlet fixed bed changeover portion (9) that transits to of the current of finishing artificial turnover; Outlet fixed bed changeover portion (9) connects guiding gutter outlet section (8) and outlet movable bed changeover portion (11), make smooth-going the confluxing of current in each guiding gutter, thereby keep the husky cross direction profiles of whole current water to export the uniformity that (10) are located in guiding gutter import (2) and guiding gutter; Guiding gutter outlet (10) is the section of current bleeder, makes the current bleeder and stop current being applied additional than falling from here of finishing artificial turnover; Outlet movable bed changeover portion (11) connects outlet fixed bed changeover portion (9) and is connected section with the downstream, eliminate the scour hole in downstream movable bed test section and fixed bed exit, make the current of the guiding gutter of flowing through to be connected the smooth-going downstream model that enters of the hydraulic elements regularity of distribution of section with the upstream, realize influencing each other and restricting of segment model up and down.
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| CN2010206095943U CN201883409U (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2010-11-17 | Manually-bent diversion trench of river work dynamic bed model of heavily silt-carrying river |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102002925A (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-04-06 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Artificially turning method of sandy river engineering project mobile bed model and artificially turning diversion trench |
-
2010
- 2010-11-17 CN CN2010206095943U patent/CN201883409U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102002925A (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-04-06 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Artificially turning method of sandy river engineering project mobile bed model and artificially turning diversion trench |
| CN102002925B (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-07-04 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Artificially turning method of sandy river engineering project mobile bed model and artificially turning diversion trench |
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|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20110629 Termination date: 20141117 |
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