CN108629055B - Method for forecasting silt return amount of sandy inland waterway based on saturated sediment transport principle - Google Patents
Method for forecasting silt return amount of sandy inland waterway based on saturated sediment transport principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A sandy inland waterway silt return amount forecasting method based on a saturated sediment transport principle comprises the following steps of 1, dividing a silt return calculation unit; 2. counting the actually measured silt flushing amount in each unit; 3. establishing a two-dimensional water flow model, verifying, and calculating the on-way water level, the flow speed and the flow direction; 4. substituting the calculated result in the step 3 and the median particle size of the substrate into a bed load sand transporting rate formula, and counting the net sand transporting amount; 5. comparing and verifying the actually measured silt flushing amount and the net sand transporting amount, and adjusting the calculation parameters of a fixed bed load sand transporting rate formula to ensure that the actually measured values and the spatial distribution thereof are matched with the calculated values; 6. and (4) forecasting the back silt amount of the proposed channel according to the step 4 by adopting the water level, the flow speed and the flow direction of each unit after the engineering calculated in the step 3 and adopting the sand transportation rate formula parameters determined in the step 5. The method is simple and efficient, overcomes the defects that field bottom sand observation and indoor simulation are difficult to avoid in the past bottom sand siltation prediction, and enriches the forecasting method of inland waterway siltation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for calculating the silt returning amount of an inland waterway in the field of water transportation, in particular to a method for forecasting the silt returning amount of a sandy inland waterway based on a saturated sand transportation principle.
Background
The problem of channel back-silting is always a key technical problem for channel construction and maintenance and is also a focus of attention of port channel engineers. Many scholars at home and abroad develop a great deal of research work around channel back silting through means such as field observation and indoor research, and the main research methods can be divided into four types: semi-empirical semi-theoretical formula, field observation, physical model, mathematical model. Because field observation and physical model research are long in time consumption and large in investment, and the sediment mathematical model has limited precision for sediment desilting estimation, the desilting estimation by using a semi-theoretical semi-empirical formula is favored by port channel engineers.
At present, most of the commonly used silt-back forecasting formulas at home and abroad are developed on the basis of open silt, muddy coast ports and channel engineering, the contribution of suspended sand falling silt to channel silt back is mainly considered, the bottom sand silt back under the combined action of waves and flows is considered by a few formulas, and the application range is river mouths and outer sea channels. The movement form of silt returned from a sandy inland waterway channel mainly takes bottom sand transportation as a main mode, and because a bottom sand measurement technology is immature and the movement theory is unclear, a forecasting formula and a forecasting method for the returned silt of the inland waterway channel are still in an exploration stage at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the defect that suspended sand sedimentation is mainly considered in the conventional channel silt back forecasting formula, is suitable for forecasting the silt back amount of the inland channel, wherein the riverbed bottom is sandy (silt, fine sand and medium sand), the sediment movement mode mainly comprises bottom sand transportation, and the calculation efficiency and the calculation precision can meet the engineering requirements.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The invention comprises the following steps:
and 4, calculating the net sand transportation amount of each back silting calculation unit: determining the median particle size of the riverbed bottom along the course of the channel according to the measured data, substituting the calculation result of the step 3 and the median particle size of the riverbed bottom into an Engelund-Hanson bed load sand transportation rate formula (4) based on a saturated sand transportation principle, calculating the bed load sand transportation rate of the boundary of each back-silting calculation unit, and counting the net sand transportation amount of each back-silting calculation unit in a time domain;
therefore, the whole process of forecasting the silt returning amount of the sandy inland waterway based on the saturated sand transportation principle is completed.
In step 3, the control equations of the planar two-dimensional water flow mathematical model are respectively:
wherein:
，
，
，
，
(ii) a a1, b1, c1, a2, b2 and c2 are functions of coordinates x and y of a coordinate rectangular coordinate system; xi and eta are coordinates of an arbitrary curve coordinate system;
is water level; u and v are flow velocity components along the normal directions of eta and xi respectively; h is water depth; c is a metabolic factor; f is the Coriolis coefficient;
in the step 4, the Engelund-Hanson bed load sand-transporting rate formula is as follows:
wherein: f. ofResistance deviceIs a coefficient of resistance; k is a radical of1、k2Is a dimensionless coefficient; phibThe dimensionless sand transportation strength is phibIs a function of
Wherein g isbIs single width sand conveying rate, gammasIs the volume weight of silt, gammaWD is the median diameter of the silt; theta is the dimensionless water flow intensity, and a function of theta is
Wherein R is the hydraulic radius and i is the slope.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method is based on the saturated sediment transport principle, coupled with a water flow mathematical model and an Engelund-Hanson bed load sediment transport rate formula, can forecast the channel sediment return amount, is simple and efficient in calculation method, overcomes the defects that field sediment observation and indoor simulation are difficult to avoid in the past sediment return prediction, is particularly suitable for the sandy inland channel with easily washed and easily sunk sediment, and enriches the inland channel sediment return prediction method.
2. The invention adopts the measured terrain data to carry out erosion verification and adjusts the calculation parameters of the sand transportation rate formula, thereby ensuring the forecasting precision of the back silt amount of the channel and meeting the requirement of channel engineering construction.
The method is suitable for forecasting the back silt amount of the inland waterway, wherein the riverbed bottom is sandy (silt, fine sand and medium sand), and the movement form of the silt is mainly the bottom sand transportation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for forecasting the amount of silt in a sandy inland waterway based on a saturated silt transportation principle.
FIG. 2 is an example of the present invention: and the erosion and deposition change schematic diagram of the deepwater channel back-silting calculation unit at the Tongzhou sand river section at the lower reaches of the Yangtze river.
FIG. 3 is a graphic illustration of the Tongzhou sand two-dimensional water flow mathematical model range.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sand transporting rate change process of the upper and lower sections of the unit.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the sand transport rate variation process of the left and right sections in the unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention includes the steps of:
and 4, calculating the net sand transportation amount of each back silting calculation unit: determining the median particle size of the riverbed bottom along the course of the channel according to the measured data, substituting the calculation result of the step 3 and the median particle size of the riverbed bottom into an Engelund-Hanson bed load sand transportation rate formula (4) based on a saturated sand transportation principle, calculating the bed load sand transportation rate of the boundary of each back-silting calculation unit, and counting the net sand transportation amount of each back-silting calculation unit in a time domain;
The specific process of the step 1 is as follows: and dividing the proposed channel into a plurality of back-silting calculation units by combining the terrain conditions of the river channel, the on-way hydrodynamic conditions, the median particle size of the bottom material of the river bed, the erosion-silting variation characteristics, possible engineering schemes and the like.
The specific process of the step 2 is as follows: carrying out erosion and deposition analysis on a proposed channel area according to two adjacent topographic maps of a research area, and counting the net erosion amount or deposition amount of each unit;
in step 3, the control equations of the planar two-dimensional water flow mathematical model are respectively:
wherein:
，
，
，
，
(ii) a a1, b1, c1, a2, b2 and c2 are functions of coordinates x and y of a coordinate rectangular coordinate system; xi and eta are coordinates of an arbitrary curve coordinate system;
is water level; u, u,v is the flow velocity component along the normal direction of eta and xi respectively; h is water depth; c is a metabolic factor; f is the Coriolis coefficient.
In the step 4, the Engelund-Hanson bed load sand-transporting rate formula adopted by the invention is as follows:
wherein: f. ofResistance deviceIs a coefficient of resistance; k is a radical of1、k2Is a dimensionless coefficient; phibThe dimensionless sand transportation strength is phibIs a function of
Wherein g isbIs single width sand conveying rate, gammasIs the volume weight of silt, gammaWD is the median diameter of the silt; theta is the dimensionless water flow intensity, and a function of theta is
Wherein R is the hydraulic radius and i is the slope.
In the step 5, the Engelund-Hanson bed load sand transport rate formula (4) comprises two coefficients k1、k2For initial calculation, k1Recommended value is 0.1, k2Recommended value is 2.5; when the sand conveying rate formula parameters are adjusted, k is preferentially adjusted1When the verification results are relatively different (the allowable deviation of general terrain scouring verification is +/-30%), k can be adjusted simultaneously1、k2，k2The variation range is 2.0-3.0.
The specific process of the step 6 is as follows: and (3) calculating the water level, the flow speed and the flow direction of each back-silting calculation unit along the course of the channel after the engineering (the renovation engineering and the dredging engineering) by using the plane two-dimensional water flow mathematical model established in the step (3), and forecasting the back-silting amount of the channel according to the step (4) by using the calculation parameters of the sand transportation rate formula (4) determined in the step (5).
Therefore, the whole process of forecasting the silt returning amount of the sandy inland waterway based on the saturated sand transportation principle is completed.
The core idea of the present invention is embodied in said step 4: the actual sand transportation rate and the water flow sand transportation capacity can be obtained by calculating the net sand transportation rate at the periphery of a certain unit of the channel at a certain moment, and the back-silting amount of the unit can be obtained by continuously calculating for a certain time (a month or a year).
The following is an example of the application of the invention to a deepwater channel of a Tongzhou sand river section at the downstream of the Yangtze river.
The thirteen polder are lifted up from the sand river reach the Yangzhou downstream, and the gore is descended to six jing, so that the S-shaped polder is formed, and the total length is about 39 km. The width of the inlet and outlet river is relatively narrow, about 5.7km, the middle part is widened, and the maximum river width reaches 10 km. The concrete implementation steps of the invention are described by combining the first-stage engineering example of the deep-water channel of 12.5 meters below Nanjing of Yangtze river.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present invention comprises the following steps:
according to the natural conditions of the river channel and possible engineering schemes, a first-stage engineering channel of a deep-water channel of 12.5 meters below Nanjing of the Yangtze river is divided into a plurality of statistical desilting calculation units, taking a unit A and a unit B as examples, the units respectively represent the areas of terrain scouring and silting in the channel, and the positions of the units are shown in FIG. 2.
carrying out erosion and deposition analysis according to topographic maps of 7 months and 9 months in 2012, wherein the natural scouring amount of the unit A is 32.5 ten thousand square per month and the natural deposition amount of the unit B is 68.3 ten thousand square per month in the period from 7 months to 9 months in 2012.
a two-dimensional water flow mathematical model from the river to the Yangtze river mouth is established, the length of the model is about 230km, the width of the model is about 140km, and the model area is shown in figure 3 in detail. And (3) selecting actual measurement hydrological data from 7 to 9 months in 2012 for model verification, and performing full-channel water flow numerical simulation after verification results of the units A and B meet the precision requirement specified by the technical specification (JTJ/T232-98) of river channel and port water flow sediment simulation.
And 4, calculating the net sand transportation amount of each back silting calculation unit:
according to the measured hydrological data, the median particle size of the bottom materials of the riverbeds in the navigation channel is about 0.15mm, the calculated results of the water level, the flow speed and the flow direction calculated in the step 3 are substituted into the Engelund-Hanson bed load sand transporting rate formula to calculate the bed load sand transporting rate of the boundary of each back-silting calculating unit, the algebraic sum is obtained to obtain the net sand transporting rate of each back-silting calculating unit, the net sand transporting amount of each back-silting calculating unit in the time domain is counted, and the process of the bed load sand transporting rate of the unit A changing along with time is shown in a figure 4 and a figure 5.
according to the step 4, the net sand transportation amount of the unit A is calculated to be-22.7 ten thousand square/month (a negative value indicates that the output sand amount in the unit is larger than the input sand amount and the terrain in the channel is flushed) in 7-9 months in 2012, the net sand transportation amount of the unit B is calculated to be 58 ten thousand square/month (a positive value indicates that the output sand amount in the unit is smaller than the input sand amount and the terrain in the channel is silted), compared with the statistical result of the step 2, the difference between the scouring amount calculated by the unit A and the actual measurement value is about 20 percent, the difference between the silting amount calculated by the unit B and the return silting amount is about 15 percent, the difference between the calculated value of the visible silting amount and the actual measurement value is not large, the terrain silting verification precision required by the relevant specifications is met, the calculation parameters in the formula of the sand transportation rate are not required to be adjusted, and the k recommended by the Engelund-Hanson transition mass sand transportation rate formula1、k2And forecasting the back silt amount.
and (3) calculating the water level, the flow speed and the flow direction of each calculation unit along the course of the channel after the first-stage engineering implementation of the deep-water channel with the depth of 12.5 meters below Nanjing of Yangtze river is carried out by adopting the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model established in the step (3), and forecasting the annual silt return amount of the channel unit B by about 200 ten thousand squares according to the step (4) by utilizing the sand transportation rate formula parameters determined in the step (5).
According to the channel maintenance data from 7 months to 2015 months 6 months in 2014 to 2014 in the first project commissioning period, the maintenance amount of a unit B year is calculated to be about 265.6 ten thousand squares, the error between the forecasted channel silt return amount and the channel maintenance amount in the commissioning period is about 25%, and the difference between the maintenance amount and the silt return amount forecast value is acceptable by considering that the channel maintenance adopts a mode of dredging along with silt.
Claims (5)
1. A method for forecasting the silt return amount of a sandy inland waterway based on a saturated sand conveying principle comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing a back silting calculation unit: dividing a proposed channel into a plurality of back-silting calculation units according to the natural conditions of the river channel and the engineering scheme;
step 2, counting the actually measured silt flushing amount in each back-silting calculation unit: carrying out erosion and deposition analysis by adopting the actually measured topographic data, and counting the net erosion amount or deposition amount in each back-deposition calculating unit;
step 3, establishing a plane two-dimensional water flow mathematical model, verifying, and calculating the water level, the flow rate and the flow direction of each back-silting calculation unit along the course of the channel: establishing a plane two-dimensional water flow mathematical model according to topographic measurement and hydrological test data of a research area, solving the plane two-dimensional water flow mathematical model by adopting a numerical method, calibrating and verifying parameters of the plane two-dimensional water flow mathematical model by utilizing actually-measured hydrological data, and carrying out water flow numerical simulation after a verification result meets the precision requirement specified by river channel and port water flow sediment simulation technical rules;
and 4, calculating the net sand transportation amount of each back silting calculation unit: determining the median particle size of the riverbed bottom along the course of the channel according to the measured data, substituting the calculation result of the step 3 and the median particle size of the riverbed bottom into an Engelund-Hanson bed load sand transportation rate formula (4) based on a saturated sand transportation principle, calculating the bed load sand transportation rate of the boundary of each back-silting calculation unit, and counting the net sand transportation amount of each back-silting calculation unit in a time domain;
step 5, setting the calculation parameters of the bed load sand transport rate formula: comparing and verifying the measured silt flushing amount in the desilting calculation unit counted in the step 2 and the net sediment transport amount calculated in the step 4, and adjusting the calculation parameters of the bed load sediment transport rate formula (4) to enable the measured values and the spatial distribution thereof to be matched with the calculated values;
step 6, forecasting the back silt amount of the proposed channel: calculating the water level, the flow velocity and the flow direction of each siltation calculation unit after the renovation project and the dredging project by adopting the step 3, and forecasting the siltation amount of the proposed channel according to the step 4 by utilizing the calculation parameters of the bed load sediment transport rate formula (4) determined in the step 5;
in step 3, the control equations of the planar two-dimensional water flow mathematical model are respectively:
wherein:
，
，
， 
，
(ii) a a1, b1, c1, a2, b2 and c2 are functions of coordinates x and y of a coordinate rectangular coordinate system; xi and eta are coordinates of an arbitrary curve coordinate system;
is water level; u and v are flow velocity components along the normal directions of eta and xi respectively; h is water depth; c is the book of deceasedA coefficient; f is the Coriolis coefficient;
in the step 4, the Engelund-Hanson bed load sand-transporting rate formula is as follows:
wherein: f. ofResistance deviceIs a coefficient of resistance; k is a radical of1、k2Is a dimensionless coefficient; phibThe dimensionless sand transportation strength is phibIs a function of
Wherein g isbIs single width sand conveying rate, gammasIs the volume weight of silt, gammaWD is the median diameter of the silt; theta is the dimensionless water flow intensity, and a function of theta is
Wherein R is the hydraulic radius and i is the slope.
2. The method for forecasting the amount of silt back in the sandy inland waterway based on the saturated sand transportation principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific process of the step 1 is as follows: and dividing the proposed channel into a plurality of back-silting calculation units by combining the terrain conditions of the river channel, the on-way hydrodynamic conditions, the median particle size of the bottom material of the river bed, the erosion-silting variation characteristics and the engineering scheme.
3. The method for forecasting the amount of silt back in the sandy inland waterway based on the saturated sand transportation principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific process of the step 2 is as follows: and carrying out erosion and deposition analysis on the proposed channel area according to two adjacent topographic maps of the research area, and counting the net erosion amount or deposition amount of each back-silting calculation unit.
4. The method for forecasting the amount of silt back in the sandy inland waterway based on the saturated sand transportation principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in said step 5, for the initializationWhen calculating, the coefficient k in the Engelund-Hanson bed load sand transport rate formula (4)1Recommended value is 0.1, k2Recommended value is 2.5; the timing of calculating the parameter rate by the sand transport rate formula is adjusted by priority1When the deviation of the local shape erosion and deposition verification result is more than +/-30%, k is adjusted simultaneously1、k2，k2The variation range is 2.0-3.0.
5. The method for forecasting the amount of silt back in the sandy inland waterway based on the saturated sand transportation principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific process of the step 6 is as follows: and (3) calculating the water level, the flow speed and the flow direction of each siltation calculation unit along the course of the channel after the renovation project and the dredging project by using the plane two-dimensional water flow mathematical model established in the step (3), and forecasting the siltation amount of the proposed channel according to the step (4) by using the calculation parameters of the bed load sand transportation rate formula (4) determined in the step (5).
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| CN111008459B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-09-28 | 天津大学 | River channel water sand erosion and deposition evolution simulation method integrating artificial neural network and water sand transmission mechanism |
| CN111915085B (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-03-09 | 四川大学 | Prediction method for bed load sand transportation rate in river bed surface coarsening process |
| CN112484960B (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2022-11-04 | 上海河口海岸科学研究中心 | Method for measuring, calculating and determining bed load sand transport rate |
| CN113221366B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2023-01-31 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Method and system for calculating dynamic sediment transport water amount of river channel |
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| CN116108773B (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-06-20 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Simulation prediction method for silt back-siltation of water intake open channel under influence of flexible dirt blocking net |
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