CN101915825A - Simulation test device and test method for grassed swales - Google Patents
Simulation test device and test method for grassed swales Download PDFInfo
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- CN101915825A CN101915825A CN2010102502574A CN201010250257A CN101915825A CN 101915825 A CN101915825 A CN 101915825A CN 2010102502574 A CN2010102502574 A CN 2010102502574A CN 201010250257 A CN201010250257 A CN 201010250257A CN 101915825 A CN101915825 A CN 101915825A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation test device and a test method for grassed swales. The device comprises a runoff generating device, a runoff flowing device, a runoff collecting device and a monitoring device, wherein the runoff flowing device comprises a V-shaped slot and an angle adjusting structure for adjusting included angles between the longitudinal slope of the V-shaped slot and the two side faces of the V-shaped slot; the two side faces of the V-shaped slot are provided with a plurality of sampling holes; the bottom of the V-shaped slot is provided with a supporting structure; the V-shaped slot is filled with soil; and the surface of the soil is provided with a surface treatment layer. Testing water with different contaminant concentrations is prepared and different hydraulic loads and flow rates are set according to the purposes of the tests; and the influence of different earth surface measures on the utilization efficiency of the grassed swales and the runoff contaminant regulation can be known from the observation of soil moisture and the monitoring of surface water quality and contaminant concentration of soil solution. Thus the device and the method have great significance for water conservation and municipal rainfall runoff contamination.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of city rainfall rainwash pollution ecology control system that is used for, relate in particular to a kind of grass planting ditch simulation test device and experimental technique.
Background technology
The city precipitation runoff pollutes the runoff that is meant in precipitation process rainwater and formation thereof the urban ground (as shopping centre, residential district, parking lot etc.) of flowing through, and assembles a series of polluters (as organism, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal etc.) and directly enters the water body non-point pollution that water body causes by unwatering system.Rainfall rainwash in city pollutes the key factor that has become Urban Water Environment pollution and ecological degradation in the world, is the third-largest pollution source in river and lake.And meanwhile, shortage of water resources has become worldwide problem, and countries in the world all utilize technology actively developing rainwater resource.The grass planting ditch can not only be prevented and treated the rainfall rainwash and pollute, and can make full use of rainwater resource.At present, though manual simulation's experimental provision and method are one of main method of grass planting ditch regulation and control rainwater rainwash pollution mechanism and rainwater utilization effect, the concrete apparatus and method of all not implemented.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a kind of grass planting ditch simulation test device, this device can be simulated the actual rainwater rainwash grass planting ditch process of flowing through, and can analyze the grass planting ditch to face of land runoff pollution thing removal effect with to the rainwater resource utilization ratio by this test unit.
Substance of the present invention comprises that flow through device, runoff gathering-device and monitoring device four parts of footpath stream generation apparatus, runoff form.Under different rainfall runoff pollutant levels, hydraulic load and flow rate regime, simulating nature rainwash condition, rainwash flows through runoff flows through behind the device, different simulation face of land measures influence in the device flowed through by runoff, the migration of runoff pollution thing transforms, rainwater is then redistributed, and monitors the influence degree of different surface measure as can be known to grass planting ditch rainwater utilization efficient and runoff pollution thing regulating action by soil moisture observation and top layer water quality and soil liquid pollutant levels.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that grass planting ditch simulation test device of the present invention is achieved is: comprise footpath stream generation apparatus, runoff flow through device, runoff gathering-device and monitoring device; Described footpath stream generation apparatus is made of water pipe, water tank and the stirrer that is arranged in the described water tank; The described runoff device of flowing through comprises a V-type elongated slot, is used for adjusting the angle adjustment mechanism of angle between described V-type elongated slot head fall and the V-arrangement elongated slot two sides, the two sides of described V-type elongated slot are provided with a plurality of thief holes, the bottom of described V-type elongated slot is provided with supporting construction, be filled with soil in the described V-type elongated slot, on soil surface, be provided with surface-treated layer; Described runoff gathering-device comprises runoff bucket and the level sensor that is arranged in the described runoff bucket; Described monitoring device comprises a plurality of soil moisture sensors of being arranged in the described soil, be arranged on soil liquid sampler in the described thief hole, all with the continuous data collection processor of described soil moisture sensor and described level sensor, the Water Test Kits that is connected with described soil liquid sampler.
A kind of grass planting ditch of the present invention analogue experiment method, the step of utilizing above-mentioned grass planting ditch simulation test device to experimentize is: at first, according to experiment purpose, prepare the experimental water of different pollutant levels, experimental water after the configuration is positioned in the water tank, sets different hydraulic load and flow velocity; Behind the Open valve, experimental water flows into the V-type elongated slot, and described data collection processor is distributed in a plurality of described soil moisture sensor in the V-type elongated slot soil and is arranged on changing value and the runoff bucket SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS DURING value that level sensor in the described runoff bucket is dynamically collected region of interest soil moisture in the soil by what be attached thereto; Above-mentioned soil moisture changing value and SEA LEVEL VARIATION value are imported computer system, and utilize EXCEL of statistical software or SPSS to analyze, draw the soil infiltration rainfall; Meanwhile, utilize soil liquid sampler to gather water sample, utilize described Water Test Kits to measure, finally obtain every technical indicator of different sampling spot runoff pollution things.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is manual simulation's test unit and method, it monitors the influence degree of different surface measure as can be known to grass planting ditch rainwater utilization efficient and runoff pollution thing regulating action by soil moisture observation and top layer water quality and soil liquid pollutant levels, is of great significance thereby using water wisely polluted with control city rainfall rainwash.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is that grass planting ditch simulation test device of the present invention constitutes synoptic diagram.
Main description of reference numerals in the Figure of description:
1. the footpath stream generation apparatus 2. runoffs device 19.V type elongated slot of flowing through
3. runoff gathering-device 7. thief holes 9. surface-treated layers
11. level sensor 12. soil moisture sensors 13. soil liquid sampler
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done to describe in further detail.
Referring to accompanying drawing, grass planting ditch simulation test device of the present invention is made up of flow through device 2 and runoff gathering-device 3 and monitoring device 4 four parts of footpath stream generation apparatus 1, runoff.
Described footpath stream generation apparatus 1 is made of water pipe, water tank 5 and the stirrers 6 that are arranged in the described water tank 5, described water tank 5 is highly to be 1m, radius is the drum of 0.4m, this drum is provided with a rising pipe, flowmeter 16 and valve 17 are set on the described rising pipe, realize runoff rate increase and decrease by control valve 17, by the runoff of flowmeter 16 and rising pipe cross-sectional area and demarcation flow through area convert runoff velocity and hydraulic load.
The described runoff device 2 of flowing through comprises a V-type elongated slot 19, is used for adjusting the angle adjustment mechanism of angle between described V-type elongated slot 19 head falls and the V-arrangement elongated slot two sides, the width suitable for reading of described V-type elongated slot 19 is 0.5m-5m, length is 1-100m, highly be 0.4m-2.75m, described angle adjustment mechanism is one to be arranged on the adjusting rotating disk 18 on the supporting construction 8, the head fall that this adjusting rotating disk is controlled described V-type elongated slot 19 is 0-30%, and the angle between V-arrangement elongated slot 19 two sides is 40 °-180 °.The two sides of described V-type elongated slot 19 are provided with a plurality of thief holes 7, the bottom of described V-type elongated slot 19 is provided with supporting construction 8, be filled with soil in the described V-type elongated slot 19, be provided with surface-treated layer 9 on soil surface, described surface-treated layer 9 is topsoil anatonosis processing layers, strengthen any or several combination denitrogenate in phosphorus processing layer and the grass planting layer.
Described runoff gathering-device 3 comprises runoff bucket 10 and the level sensor 11 that is arranged in the described runoff bucket 10.
Described monitoring device 4 comprise be arranged on runoff flow through a plurality of soil moisture sensors 12 in the soil in the device, be arranged on a plurality of soil liquid sampler 13 in the described thief hole 7 of diverse location, all with the continuous data collection processor 14 of described soil moisture sensor 12 and described level sensor 11, the Portable, multiple parameter Water Test Kits 15 that is connected with described soil liquid sampler 13.Wherein, soil moisture sensor 12 is vertically arranged along the V-type elongated slot, and is consistent with the installation site of soil liquid sampler 13.Can clearly be seen that from accompanying drawing the flow through layout of device 2 and runoff gathering-device 3 of described footpath stream generation apparatus 1, runoff is that described footpath stream generation apparatus 1 and described runoff gathering-device 3 are arranged in the flow through two ends of device 2 V-type elongated slots 19 of described runoff.
The present invention can set under different rainfall runoff pollutant levels, hydraulic load and the flow rate regime, simulating nature rainwash condition, rainwash flows through runoff among the present invention flows through behind the device 2, different simulation face of land measures influence in the device 2 flowed through by runoff, the migration of runoff pollution thing transforms, rainwater is then redistributed, by the monitoring of soil moisture observation and top layer water quality and soil liquid pollutant levels, the different surface measure is to the influence degree of grass planting ditch rainwater utilization efficient and runoff pollution thing regulating action as can be known.
Use the experimental technique step of grass planting ditch simulation test device as follows:
At first, according to experiment purpose, prepare the experimental water of different pollutant levels, experimental water after the configuration is positioned in the water tank 5, set different hydraulic load and flow velocity, that is: realize runoff rate increase and decrease by control valve 17, by the runoff of flowmeter 16 and rising pipe cross-sectional area and demarcation flow through area convert runoff velocity and hydraulic load.
Behind the Open valve 17, experimental water flows into V-type elongated slot 19, and described data collection processor 14 is distributed in a plurality of described soil moisture sensor 12 in the V-type elongated slot soil and is arranged on changing value and the runoff bucket 10 SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS DURING values that level sensor 11 in the described runoff bucket 10 is dynamically collected region of interest soil moisture in the soil by what be attached thereto;
Above-mentioned soil moisture changing value and SEA LEVEL VARIATION value are imported computer system, and utilize EXCEL of statistical software or SPSS to analyze, draw the soil infiltration rainfall; Meanwhile, utilize soil liquid sampler 13 to gather water sample, utilization Portable, multiple parameter Water Test Kits 15 is measured, the final every technical indicator that obtains different sampling spot runoff pollution things, the top layer run-off is taken advantage of floorage to deduct contained quantity of sand and mud again by the water level in the runoff bucket 10 and is calculated and draw.
Embodiment:
Runoff in the grass planting ditch simulation test device of the present invention device of flowing through, wherein, the basic size of V-type elongated slot 19 is: (wide * length * height) 0.75m * 10m * 0.65m, and the angle of V-type elongated slot two sides is 60 °, its head fall, that is: the gradient of its length direction and horizontal direction is 2%.The V-type elongated slot is made by two iron plates, links to each other with loose-leaf between the iron plate of two sides, thereby forms the V-type elongated slot.The soil of loading in the V-type elongated slot is loamy clay, and the top layer processing layer 9 on the soil surface is the grass planting layer, and this grass planting layer is made of the annual bluegrass+Festuca Arundinacea of plantation.Being arranged on a plurality of soil moisture sensors 12 in the soil is that 5 Britain produce ML2x soil moisture sensors, and it is that start point distance is from being respectively 1m, 3m, 5m, 7m, 9m place vertically and to be positioned at described footpath stream generation apparatus end that described 5 soil moisture sensors are arranged on along the V-type elongated slot.Simultaneously, described data collection processor 14 selects for use Britain to produce the DL-2e data acquisition unit.Use Germany and produce the water level that HM21 level sensor 11 is measured runoff bucket 10.The a plurality of soil liquid sampler 13 utilization Holland that are used for the pollutant monitoring of rainwater rainwash produce 5 of Rhizon soil liquid sampler, and its position is identical with above-mentioned soil moisture sensor.Water Test Kits 15 selects for use Germany to produce Photolab S12 Portable, multiple parameter Water Test Kits.
According to the pollutant levels configuration experimental water of following setting, wherein: total suspended matter 200mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 140mg/L, total nitrogen 5mg/L, total phosphorus 1.5mg/L; The setting hydraulic load is 0.00133m/min, and flow velocity is 1.768m/min, and discharge time is 10min; Finish experimentation according to the previous experiments step, the result is: through the soil moisture run-off enter in the soil that converts is 30kg, and the runoff run-off that device flows through of flowing through is 50kg, the about 20kg of the run-off of loss, and rainwater utilization is 60% so.Meanwhile, utilize Water Test Kits that the water outlet pollutant levels are analyzed and can get total suspended matter 80mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 70mg/L, total nitrogen 2.95mg/L, total phosphorus 0.83mg/L, the grass planting ditch is respectively total suspended matter 60%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 50%, total nitrogen 41%, total phosphorus 45% to the runoff pollutants removal rate as calculated.
Although top invention has been described in conjunction with figure; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment only is schematic; rather than it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; under the situation that does not break away from aim of the present invention, can also make a lot of distortion, these all belong within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. grass planting ditch simulation test device comprises footpath stream generation apparatus (1), it is characterized in that: also comprise runoff flow through device (2), runoff gathering-device (3) and monitoring device (4);
Described footpath stream generation apparatus (1) is by water pipe, water tank (5) and be arranged on interior stirrer (6) formation of described water tank (5);
The described runoff device (2) of flowing through comprises a V-type elongated slot (19), is used for adjusting the angle adjustment mechanism of angle between described V-type elongated slot (19) head fall and the V-arrangement elongated slot two sides, the two sides of described V-type elongated slot (19) are provided with a plurality of thief holes (7), the bottom of described V-type elongated slot (19) is provided with supporting construction (8), be filled with soil in the described V-type elongated slot (19), on soil surface, be provided with surface-treated layer (9);
Described runoff gathering-device (3) comprises runoff bucket (10) and is arranged on level sensor (11) in the described runoff bucket (10);
Described monitoring device (4) comprises a plurality of soil moisture sensors (12) of being arranged in the described soil, be arranged on soil liquid sampler (13) in the described thief hole (7), all with the continuous data collection processor (14) of described soil moisture sensor (12) and described level sensor (11), the Water Test Kits (15) that is connected with described soil liquid sampler (13).
2. according to the described grass planting ditch of claim 1 simulation test device, it is characterized in that: described water tank (5) is highly to be 1m, and radius is the drum of 0.4m, and this drum is provided with a rising pipe, and flowmeter (16) and valve (17) are set on the described rising pipe.
3. according to the described grass planting ditch of claim 1 simulation test device, it is characterized in that: described surface-treated layer (9) is topsoil anatonosis processing layer, strengthen any or several combination denitrogenate in phosphorus processing layer and the grass planting layer.
4. according to the described grass planting ditch of claim 1 simulation test device, it is characterized in that: described angle adjustment mechanism is one to be arranged on the adjusting rotating disk (18) on the supporting construction (8), the head fall that this adjusting rotating disk is controlled described V-type elongated slot (19) is 0-30%, and the angle between V-arrangement elongated slot (19) two sides is 40 °-180 °.
5. according to the described grass planting ditch of claim 1 simulation test device, it is characterized in that: the width suitable for reading of described V-type elongated slot (19) is 0.5m-5m, and length is 1-100m, highly is 0.4m-2.75m.
6. according to the described grass planting ditch of claim 1 simulation test device, it is characterized in that: described Water Test Kits (15) is the Portable, multiple parameter Water Test Kits.
7. a grass planting ditch analogue experiment method is characterized in that, the step of utilizing grass planting ditch simulation test device according to claim 1 to experimentize is as follows:
At first,, prepare the experimental water of different pollutant levels, the experimental water after the configuration is positioned in the water tank (5), set different hydraulic load and flow velocity according to experiment purpose;
Behind the Open valve (17), experimental water flows into V-type elongated slot (19), and described data collection processor (14) is distributed in a plurality of described soil moisture sensor (12) in the V-type elongated slot soil and is arranged on changing value and runoff bucket (10) the SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS DURING value that level sensor (11) in the described runoff bucket (10) is dynamically collected region of interest soil moisture in the soil by what be attached thereto;
Above-mentioned soil moisture changing value and SEA LEVEL VARIATION value are imported computer system, utilize statistical software to draw the soil infiltration rainfall; Meanwhile, utilize soil liquid sampler (13) to gather water sample, utilize described Water Test Kits (15) to measure, finally obtain every technical indicator of different sampling spot runoff pollution things.
8. according to the described grass planting ditch of claim 7 analogue experiment method, wherein, set different hydraulic load and flow velocity, be to realize runoff rate increase and decrease, by the runoff of flowmeter (16) and rising pipe cross-sectional area and demarcation flow through area convert runoff velocity and hydraulic load by control valve (17).
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CN102590474A (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2012-07-18 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Fine water erosion simulation test device for slope channel system, and test method for fine water erosion simulation test device |
CN103105480A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-05-15 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Simulation test method for measuring runoff energy dissipation and sediment retention effect of ditch bed vegetations of gulch |
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CN104483465A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-01 | 上海交通大学 | Ecological grassed swale simulation experiment device and experiment operating method thereof |
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CN104483465A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-01 | 上海交通大学 | Ecological grassed swale simulation experiment device and experiment operating method thereof |
CN104730224A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-06-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Experimental device and method for influence of coal mining on overland runoff under valley terrain |
CN105092792A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-11-25 | 北京科技大学 | Device for movably testing pollutant intercepting efficiency of riverside band |
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CN106404612A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-02-15 | 安徽省环境科学研究院 | Soil runoff infiltration region tester |
CN110174505A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-27 | 贵州师范大学 | It is a kind of for the runoff pond of Karst Rocky Desertification Region and its installation and application |
CN111579451A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-25 | 南京理工大学 | Method for intercepting urban initial surface runoff by improving soil infiltration capacity |
CN111599261A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-08-28 | 河南城建学院 | Urban runoff simulation system based on low-impact development |
CN113063694A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-02 | 贵州大学 | Testing device and method for soil sputtering characteristics of engineering excavation side slope |
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