CN102481374A - 具有免疫调节剂的pH敏感释放的靶向合成纳米载体 - Google Patents
具有免疫调节剂的pH敏感释放的靶向合成纳米载体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及靶向细胞中作用位点的合成纳米载体的组合物、以及相关方法,这些细胞例如抗原递呈细胞(APC),并且包括以一种pH敏感方式从合成纳米载体离解的免疫调节剂。还披露了多种组合物和方法,这些组合物和方法涉及胶囊化不稳定的免疫调节剂的合成纳米载体,这些免疫调节剂以一种pH敏感的方式从这些合成纳米载体解离。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求在美国临时申请61/217129、61/217117、61/217124、和61/217116的35U.S.C.§119下的权益,这几项申请中的每一件都是2009年5月27日提交的,其中每一件的内容都通过引用以其全文结合在此。
发明领域
发明领域本发明涉及靶向细胞中作用位点的合成纳米载体的组合物、以及相关方法,这些细胞例如抗原递呈细胞(APC),并且包括以一种pH敏感方式从合成纳米载体解离的免疫调节剂。本发明额外涉及保护不稳定的免疫调节剂,借助它们在合成纳米载体中的胶囊化。
发明背景
免疫调节剂被用于在受试者中产生免疫应答。免疫系统的刺激,它包括先天性免疫和获得性免疫之一或全部,是一种可以导致宿主的保护性亦或不良生理结果的复杂现象。近年对先天性免疫的机制已经存在增加的兴趣,它被认为启动并支持获得性免疫。这一兴趣部分地出于近期发现的称为Toll样受体(TLR)的高度保守模式识别受体蛋白的一个家族,这些受体被认为涉及先天性免疫,作为用于病原相关分子模式(PAMP)的受体。
因此对于调节先天性免疫有用的组合物和方法是具有很大兴趣的,因为它们可以影响对涉及炎症、过敏症、哮喘、感染、癌、以及免疫缺陷等症状的治疗方法。
有时偶合这样的媒介物至递送载体是有利的。然而,这样的信息还是缺乏:关于这样的媒介物(特别是不稳定的免疫调节剂)从递送载体的释放如何被控制,以及什么种类的释放提供最佳体内效果。
对于用于递送免疫调节剂的、允许最佳释放的新递送载体连同相关方法存在需要。
发明概述
本发明的多个方面涉及包括合成纳米载体的组合物,这些合成纳米载体包括偶合到合成纳米载体的免疫调节剂,其中根据以下关系,该免疫调节剂从合成纳米载体解离:IArel(4.5)24%/IArel(7.4)24%≥1.2,其中IArel(4.5)24%被定义为在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量除以在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量加上在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,保留在合成纳米载体中的免疫调节剂的重量之和,表示为重量百分数,并且被取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数,并且其中IArel(7.4)24%被定义为在pH=7.4,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量除以在pH=7.4,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量加上在pH=7.4,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,保留在合成纳米载体中的免疫调节剂的重量之和,表示为重量百分数,并且被取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数。
在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂经由免疫调节剂偶合部分偶合到合成纳米载体上。在某些实施方案中,免疫调节剂被胶囊化在合成纳米载体内。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂包括不稳定的免疫调节剂,例如咪唑并喹啉、腺嘌呤衍生物、或包括5’-CG-3’的寡核苷酸,其中C未甲基化并且其中该寡核苷酸包括一个主链,该主链包括一个或多个不稳定的核苷酸间连键。在某些实施方案中,该咪唑并喹啉包括咪唑并喹啉胺、咪唑并吡啶胺、6,7-稠合的环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺、咪唑并喹啉胺、咪喹莫特、或瑞喹莫德。
在一些实施方案中,该寡核苷酸的主链不包括稳定化的化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化主链。在一些实施方案中,该寡核苷酸的主链包括一个未被修饰以结合稳定化学修饰的硫代磷酸酯的主链。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂是一种佐剂。在某些实施方案中,佐剂包括Toll样受体(TLR)激动剂(例如TLR3激动剂、TLR7激动剂、TLR8激动剂、TLR7/8激动剂、或TLR9激动剂。
在一些实施方案中,TLR激动剂是一种免疫刺激核酸(例如免疫刺激DNA或免疫刺激RNA)。在某些实施方案中,免疫刺激核酸是一种含有CpG的免疫刺激核酸,它包括一种或多种稳定化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化主链。在一些实施方案中,佐剂包括一种通用T细胞抗原。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体进一步包括一种B细胞抗原和/或一种T细胞抗原。在某些实施方案中,该合成纳米载体进一步包括一种抗原递呈细胞(APC)靶向特征。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体包括一种或多种可生物降解的聚合物。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂经由免疫调节剂偶合部分偶合到一种或多种可生物降解的聚合物上。在某些实施方案中,可生物降解的聚合物包括聚(丙交酯)、聚(乙交酯)、或聚(丙交酯乙交酯)共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,如使用凝胶渗透色谱法确定的那样,该可生物降解的聚合物具有范围从800道尔顿至10,000道尔顿的重均分子量。在某些实施方案中,免疫调节剂偶合部分包括一个酰胺键。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂偶合部分包括一个酯键。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体包括脂基纳米颗粒、聚合物纳米颗粒,金属纳米颗粒,表面活性剂基乳液,树枝状化合物,巴奇球,纳米线,病毒状颗粒,肽或蛋白基颗粒,包括纳米材料、球状纳米颗粒、立方纳米颗粒、锥形纳米颗粒、长方形纳米颗粒、圆柱形纳米颗粒、或环形纳米颗粒的一种组合的纳米颗粒。
本发明的多个方面涉及包括合成纳米载体的组合物,这些合成纳米载体包括偶合到合成纳米载体的免疫调节剂,其中根据以下关系,该免疫调节剂从合成纳米载体解离:IA(4.5)24/IA(4.5)6≥1.2,其中IA(4.5)24被定义为当合成纳米载体暴露于pH=4.5的体外水环境24小时,取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量,并且其中IA(4.5)6被定义为当合成纳米载体暴露于pH=4.5的体外水环境6小时,取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量。
在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂包括胶囊化在合成纳米载体内的不稳定的免疫调节剂。在某些实施方案中,不稳定的免疫调节剂包括咪唑并喹啉、腺嘌呤衍生物、或包括5’-CG-3’的寡核苷酸,其中C未甲基化并且其中该寡核苷酸包括一个主链,该主链包括一个或多个不稳定的核苷酸间连键。在某些实施方案中,该咪唑并喹啉包括咪唑并喹啉胺、咪唑并吡啶胺、6,7-稠合的环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺、咪唑并喹啉胺、咪喹莫特、或瑞喹莫德。在一些实施方案中,该寡核苷酸的主链不包括稳定化的化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化主链。在一些实施方案中,该寡核苷酸的主链包括一个未被修饰以结合稳定化学修饰的硫代磷酸酯的主链。
本发明的其他方面涉及包括合成纳米载体的组合物,这些合成纳米载体包括偶合到合成纳米载体的免疫调节剂,其中根据以下关系,该免疫调节剂从合成纳米载体解离:6≤IA(4.5)24/IA(4.5)6≥1.2,其中IA(4.5)24被定义为当合成纳米载体暴露于pH=4.5的体外水环境24小时,取作跨合成纳米载体样品平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量,并且其中IA(4.5)6被定义为当合成纳米载体暴露于pH=4.5的体外水环境6小时,取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量。
在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂包括胶囊化在合成纳米载体内的不稳定的免疫调节剂。在一些实施方案中,不稳定的免疫调节剂包括咪唑并喹啉、腺嘌呤衍生物、或包括5’-CG-3’的寡核苷酸,其中C未甲基化并且其中该寡核苷酸包括一个主链,该主链包括一个或多个不稳定的核苷酸间连键。在某些实施方案中,该咪唑并喹啉包括咪唑并喹啉胺、咪唑并吡啶胺、6,7-稠合的环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺、咪唑并喹啉胺、咪喹莫特、或瑞喹莫德。
在一些实施方案中,该寡核苷酸的主链不包括稳定化的化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化主链。在一些实施方案中,该寡核苷酸的主链包括一个未被修饰以结合稳定化学修饰的硫代磷酸酯的主链。在某些实施方案中,免疫调节剂经由免疫调节剂偶合部分偶合到合成纳米载体上。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂被胶囊化在合成纳米载体内。
在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂是一种佐剂。在某些实施方案中,佐剂包括Toll样受体(TLR)激动剂(例如TLR3激动剂、TLR7激动剂、TLR8激动剂、TLR7/8激动剂、或TLR9激动剂。在某些实施方案中,TLR激动剂是一种免疫刺激核酸(例如免疫刺激DNA或免疫刺激RNA)。
在一些实施方案中,免疫刺激核酸是一种含有CpG的免疫刺激核酸,它包括一种或多种稳定化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化主链。在某些实施方案中,佐剂包括一种通用T细胞抗原。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体进一步包括一种B细胞抗原和/或一种T细胞抗原。
在一些实施方案中,该合成纳米载体进一步包括一种抗原递呈细胞(APC)靶向特征。在某些实施方案中,合成纳米载体包括一种或多种可生物降解的聚合物。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂经由免疫调节剂偶合部分偶合到一种或多种可生物降解的聚合物上。在某些实施方案中,可生物降解的聚合物包括聚(丙交酯)、聚(乙交酯)、或聚(丙交酯乙交酯)共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,如使用凝胶渗透色谱法确定的那样,该可生物降解的聚合物具有范围从800道尔顿至10,000道尔顿的重均分子量。在某些实施方案中,免疫调节剂偶合部分包括一个酰胺键。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂偶合部分包括一个酯键。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体包括脂基纳米颗粒、聚合物纳米颗粒,金属纳米颗粒,表面活性剂基乳液,树枝状化合物,巴奇球,纳米线,病毒状颗粒,肽或蛋白基颗粒,包括纳米材料、球状纳米颗粒、立方纳米颗粒、锥形纳米颗粒、长方形纳米颗粒、圆柱形纳米颗粒、或环形纳米颗粒的一种组合的纳米颗粒。在某些实施方案中,本发明相关的组合物进一步包括一种药学上可以接受的赋形剂。
本发明的其他方面涉及包括一种疫苗的组合物,该疫苗包括任何本发明相关的组合物。
本发明的其他方面涉及包括将本发明相关的任何组合物给予受试者的方法。在一些实施方案中,组合物以有效诱导或增强免疫应答的量存在。在一些实施方案中,受试者患有癌、传染病、非自身免疫性代谢病、退行性疾病、或依赖症。
附图简要说明
图1证明了在pH 7.4、37℃条件下,从合成纳米载体配制品释放瑞喹莫德(R848)。
图2证明了在pH 4.5、37℃条件下,从合成纳米载体配制品释放R848。
图3证明了在pH 7.4和pH 4.5,在24小时条件下,从合成纳米载体配制品释放R848。
图4示出与用不具有含CpG免疫刺激核酸的合成纳米载体的抗体诱导水平(组1)比较,用具有含CpG免疫刺激核酸的合成纳米载体的抗体诱导水平(组2和3)。
图5示出用释放磷酸二酯、非-硫代的含CpG免疫刺激核酸或硫代的含CpG免疫刺激核酸的合成纳米载体的抗体诱导水平。
图6示出用按不同速率释放R848的纳米载体的抗体诱导水平。
图7示出由携带封存的磷酸二酯(PO)CpG的合成纳米载体(指定为NC-Nic/PO-CpG)诱导的抗体水平。
图8示出在pH4.5,封存的PO-CpG从合成纳米载体的释放与在pH7.5的对比。数据证明通过胶囊化,不稳定的免疫调节剂(例如PO-CpG)被保护在合成纳米载体内。在pH 4.5(例如在内含体/溶酶体中),这样一种不稳定的媒介物可以在希望的作用点释放,同时在pH 7.4(例如在内含体/溶酶体外的一般pH值)发生低水平的释放。
详细说明
在详细说明本发明以前,已理解本发明并不局限于具体举例说明的材料或工艺参数,因为这些当然可以变化。还已理解在此使用的术语只是为了说明本发明的具体实施方案的目的,并不旨在限制使用可替代的术语来说明本发明。
在此引用的所有出版物、专利和专利申请,无论在前或在后,都出于所有目的通过引用以其全文结合在此。
如在本说明书和附加权利要求中使用的那样,单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”包括复数指示物,除非该内容清楚地另外指明。例如,引用“一种聚合物”包括两种或更多种这样的分子的混合物,引用“一种溶剂”包括两种或更多种这样的溶剂的混合物,引用“一种粘合剂”包括两种或更多种这样的材料的混合物,并且以此类推。
序论
在感兴趣的细胞,特别是抗原递呈细胞的作用点,提供一种更直接地释放免疫调节剂的方式方面,本发明是有用的,它会导致有益的免疫应答和/或减少脱靶效应和毒性,因为免疫调节剂的释放多数会在感兴趣的细胞的作用点。对于递送佐剂,这具有特别的兴趣。控制释放特性第一次给感兴趣的免疫细胞提供递送免疫调节剂的受控方式,并且允许在免疫系统上的更精确的干涉,包括在延长的时段释放免疫调节剂的能力。所有这些导致一个非常可调的系统以获得免疫调节剂的最佳释放,这样它将主要在所希望的细胞的作用点释放。
本发明的诸位发明人已经进一步认识到通过将不稳定的免疫调节剂胶囊化在本发明的合成纳米载体内,将不稳定的免疫调节剂偶合在本发明的合成纳米载体内,并且提供了递送不稳定的免疫调节剂至感兴趣的免疫细胞的受控方式,优选地在一个延长的时段,导致不稳定的免疫调节剂的靶向递送,同时最小化免疫调节剂的脱靶效应,特别是与免疫调节剂的全身给药相关的脱靶效应。此外,这一方法还增强了具有短的消除半衰期的不稳定的免疫调节剂的性能,该免疫调节剂可能另外不具有希望水平的药理学活性。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及某些寡核苷酸。最近,已经存在很多说明某些类型的核酸分子(包括CpG核酸、富含GU的ssRNA和双链RNA)的免疫刺激作用的报告。值得注意的是,最近报告了Toll样受体9(TLR9)识别细菌DNA和含有一个CpG基序的寡核苷酸,其中胞嘧啶是未甲基化的。Hemmi H等人(2000)Nature 408:740-5;Bauer S.et al.(2001)Proc Natl AcadSci USA 98:9237-42。在多个美国专利(例如美国专利号6,194,388;6,207,646;6,239,116;和6,218,371),以及公开的国际专利申请(例如W098/37919、W098/40100、W098/52581、和W099/56755)中已经广泛说明了含有CpG的寡核苷酸在免疫调节上的作用。完整的免疫刺激剂核酸可以是未甲基化的或部分可以是未甲基化的,但是至少5′-CG-3′的C是未甲基化的。
天然DNA寡核苷酸含有被在细胞外环境中发现的核酸酶迅速切割的磷酸二酯键。Yu,D.,等人,Potent CpG oligonucleotides containingphosphodiester linkages:in vitro and in vivo immunostimulatory properties.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2002.297(1):p.83-90(“Yu et al.”);Heeg,K.,等人,Structural requirements for uptake and recognition of CpGoligonucleotides.Int J Med Microbiol,2008.298(1-2):p.33-8(“Heeg et al.”).这样的天然寡核苷酸可以被认为是不稳定的免疫调节剂。因此,在文献中已经广泛报告了通过用硫代磷酸酯基团取代磷酸二酯连接基团,化学地稳定这些键的方法。参见美国专利6811975-Phosphorothioate OligonucleotidesHaving Modified Internucleoside Linkages。
作为疫苗佐剂,含有硫代磷酸酯CpG的寡核苷酸已经被全身给药。Yu等人。然而,稳定的CpG寡核苷酸的全身给药可以导致脱靶免疫刺激效应,例如一般的炎症、淋巴细胞的非特异活化、以及类似流感的症状。Haas,T.,等人,Sequence independent interferon-alpha induction by multimerizedphosphodiester DNA depends on spatial regulation of Toll-like receptor-9activation in plasmacytoid dendritic cells.Immunology,2009.126(2):p.290-8(“Haas et al.”).因此,在实践本发明中,这样的寡核苷酸可以被有用地结合,如在以下更详细地说明的那样。
本发明的诸位发明人已经意外地并且令人惊讶地发现,通过实践在此披露的本发明,可以克服以上提到的问题和限制。特别是,本发明的诸位发明人已经意外地发现可能与相关方法一起提供一种组合物,包括:包括偶合到合成纳米载体上的免疫调节剂的合成纳米载体;其中该免疫调节剂,优选是不稳定的免疫调节剂,根据以下关系从合成纳米载体解离:
IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2;
其中IArel(4.5)t%被定义为在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量除以在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量加上在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,保留在合成纳米载体中的免疫调节剂的重量之和,表示为重量百分数,并且被取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数;并且其中IArel(7.4)t%被定义为在pH=7.4,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量除以在pH=7.4,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量加上在pH=7.4,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,保留在合成纳米载体中的免疫调节剂的重量之和,表示为重量百分数,并且被取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数;并且其中t为2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、28、或30小时。
在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂,优选是不稳定的免疫调节剂,根据以下关系从合成纳米载体解离:IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.3,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.4,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.5,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.6,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.7,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.8,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.9,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥2,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥2.2,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥2.5,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥2.7,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥3,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥3.5,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥4,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥4.5,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥5,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥5.5,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥6,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥6.5,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥7,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥7.5,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥8,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥8.5,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥9,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥9.5,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥10,IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥10.5,or IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥11,其中IArel(4.5)t%,IArel(7.4)t%,并且t如以上定义的那样。
在其他实施方案中,免疫调节剂,优选是不稳定的免疫调节剂,根据以下关系从合成纳米载体解离:2≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,2.5≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,3≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,3.5≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,4≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,4.5≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,5≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,6≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,7≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,8≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,9≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥1.2,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥2,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥2.5,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥3,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥3.5,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥4,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥4.5,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥5,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥6,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥7,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥8,10≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥9,3≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥2,4≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥3,5≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥4,6≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥5,7≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥6,8≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥7,or 9≤IArel(4.5)t%/IArel(7.4)t%≥8,其中IArel(4.5)t%,IArel(7.4)t%,并且t如以上定义的那样。在一些实施方案中,t是24小时。
因此,本发明涉及包括在中性和酸性pH以显著不同的速率释放免疫调节剂的合成纳米载体的组合物和方法。在递送免疫调节剂中,为了具有最有效的作用,希望使得多数免疫调节剂在它们可以具有希望的作用的APC内释放。在以游离态注射免疫调节剂时,或者在它们从APC外的合成纳米颗粒释放时,只有小部分免疫调节剂找到它们通往APC的路,同时剩余的通过身体扩散,其中免疫刺激会更少并且会导致有害效果。在此提供的本发明的合成纳米载体优先地被APC接收。在被APC接收时,假定合成纳米载体被内吞到内含体/溶酶体区室,那里pH变得更酸,和细胞外的中性pH相反。在这些条件下,免疫调节剂表现出从合成纳米载体(例如从免疫调节剂偶合部分)的pH敏感的解离并且从合成纳米载体释放。然后免疫调节剂与内含体/溶酶体相关受体自由地相互作用,并且刺激希望的免疫应答。在或约中性pH下,或者在或约生理pH(即pH=7.4)的实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体具有免疫调节剂的更低释放的特性,但是对于它靶向免疫调节剂至合成纳米载体靶向的APC的内含体/溶酶体区室,在或约4.5的pH的增加的释放是希望的。
通过很多方法中的任何一种,免疫调节剂可以被偶合到合成纳米载体。一般地,偶合可以是免疫调节剂和合成纳米载体之间的键合的结果。该键合可以导致免疫调节剂被附着到合成纳米载体表面和/或被包含(胶囊化)在合成纳米载体内。然而在一些实施方案中,由于合成纳米载体的结构,免疫调节剂被合成纳米载体胶囊化而不是键合到合成纳米载体。
在由于免疫调节剂和合成纳米载体之间的键合而发生偶合时,经由一个免疫调节剂偶合部分发生偶合。免疫调节剂偶合部分可以是任何部分,免疫调节剂通过它被键合到合成纳米载体上。这样的部分包括共价键(例如酰胺键或酯键),连同键合(共价地或非共价地)免疫调节剂至合成纳米载体的分离分子。这样的分子包括连接物或聚合物或它们的单元。例如,免疫调节剂偶合部分可以包括免疫调节剂(例如一种免疫刺激核酸)静电结合的一种带电聚合物。如另一个实例,免疫调节剂偶合部分可以包括免疫调节剂共价结合的一种聚合物或其单元。
在一些实施方案中,该聚合物或其单元包括聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、或聚醚、或其单元。在其他实施方案中,该聚合物或其单元包括聚(乙二醇)(PEG)、聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(乳酸-乙醇酸)共聚物、或聚己酸内酯、或其单元。在一些实施方案中,优选该聚合物是生物可降解的。因此,在这些实施方案中,优选如果该聚合物包括聚醚(例如聚(乙二醇)或其单元),那么该聚合物包括聚醚和生物可降解聚合物的嵌段共聚物,这样该聚合物是生物可降解的。在其他实施方案中,该聚合物并不单独包括聚醚或其单元(例如聚(乙二醇)或其单元)。因此如在此提供的免疫调节剂偶合部分可以包括一个以上提到的聚合物或其单元(例如一种丙交酯或乙交酯)。
在一些实施方案中,对于用作合成纳米载体的一部分,在pH=7.4并且在25℃下,在此提供的化合物或结合物的聚合物在水中是不可溶的,是生物可降解的,或者同时具有这二者。在其他实施方案中,在pH=7.4并且在25℃下,该聚合物在水中是不可溶的,但是在pH=4.5并且在25℃下是可溶的。仍在其他实施方案中,在pH=7.4并且在25℃下,该聚合物在水中是不可溶的,但是在pH=4.5并且在25℃下是可溶的并且生物可降解的。在其他实施方案中,如使用凝胶渗透色谱法确定的那样,任何在此提供的聚合物可以具有约800Da至10,000Da(例如2,000Da)的重均分子量。
在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂可以是一种佐剂(例如咪唑并喹啉)。咪唑并喹啉包括多种化合物,例如咪喹莫特和瑞喹莫德(也称为R848)。这样的佐剂可以被偶合到如以上提到的聚合物上。如一个实例,瑞喹莫德可以被结合到约2000Da的聚乳酸(PLA)聚合物上。在体外释放研究中,这样的一个实施方案证明在pH从7.4跌至4.5时,R848的释放增加了3-至6-倍。表1列出了测试的颗粒的组合物。这些包括了胶囊化R848的两种配制品,2种具有通过R848胺共价偶合到R848的PLA的配制品,四种具有共价偶合到R848(经由一种开环作用方法)的PLA的配制品。在所有配制品中,在更低pH值,R848的释放显著增加。胶囊化的释放速率远远快于结合的释放速率,并且在这些结合方法之间的释放速率中也存在差异。
表1具有共价R848的配制品靶
*C=共价R848;E=R848的胶囊化
虽然以上实例是用PLA,但是免疫调节剂(例如R848)可以被偶合到其他聚合物或其单元(例如以上和此处的其他地方提供的那些),包括聚丙交酯乙交酯(PLGA)嵌段共聚物或其单元。免疫调节剂(例如R848)可以通过一个酰胺键或酯键被偶合到这样的聚合物或其单元上。在此处的其他地方和实例中提供了用于影响这样的偶合的方法的实例。
本发明的诸位发明人已经意外地发现可能与相关方法一起提供一种组合物,包括:
包括偶合到合成纳米载体上的免疫调节剂的合成纳米载体;其中该免疫调节剂,优选是不稳定的免疫调节剂,根据以下关系从合成纳米载体解离:
IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2;
其中IA(4.5)t1被定义为在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t1小时,被取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量;并且其中IA(4.5)t2被定义为在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t2小时,被取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量;并且其中t1为4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、28或30小时;t2为2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、或28小时;并且t1>t2。在一些实施方案中,t1是24小时,并且t2是6小时。
在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂,优选是不稳定的免疫调节剂,根据以下关系从合成纳米载体解离:IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.5,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥2,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥2.5,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥3,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥3.5,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥4,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥4.5,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥5,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥6,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥7,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥8,IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥9,或IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥10;其中IA(4.5)t1、IA(4.5)t2、t1、和t2如以上定义的那样。在一些实施方案中,t1是24小时,并且t2是6小时。
在其他实施方案中,免疫调节剂,优选是不稳定的免疫调节剂,根据以下关系从合成纳米载体解离:10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥2,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥2.5,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥3,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥3.5,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥4,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥4.5,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥5,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥6,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥7,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥8,10≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥9,9≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,8≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,7≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,6≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,5≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,4.5≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,4≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,3.5≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,3≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,2.5≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,2≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,1.5≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,3≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥2,4≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥3,5≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥4,6≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥5,7≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥6,8≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥7,or 9≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥8;其中IA(4.5)t1、IA(4.5)t2、t1、和t2如以上定义的那样。在一些实施方案中,t1是24小时,并且t2是6小时。
本发明的合成纳米载体还已经显示表现出增大对特异性抗原的体液免疫反应的特性。已经发现提高了这样的增大的体液免疫反应,在一些实施方案中,具有免疫调节剂的更快释放。在一个实施方案中,免疫调节剂是一种含有CpG的免疫刺激核酸,并且含有CpG的免疫刺激核酸被胶囊化在合成纳米载体内。在体外研究中,进一步往下在实例中说明,发现含有CpG的免疫刺激核酸从合成纳米载体的最佳释放产生了对烟碱的提高的体液免疫反应,它还被偶合到合成纳米载体上。在一些实施方案中,发现这样的最佳释放导致对抗原的抗体应答的更佳增大。
最佳释放是免疫调节剂从合成纳米载体解离,产生希望的一个或多个效果的最佳水平。在一些实施方案中,希望的效果是希望的水平的速发免疫反应(即,在给予合成纳米载体以后很快发生的一种反应)。一般地,速发免疫反应是一种在秒、分钟、或几个小时级别上测量的反应。在其他实施方案中,希望的效果是在几个小时以后发生的希望的水平的免疫应答。仍在其他实施方案中,希望的效果是持续一个延长时段(例如1、2、5、10、15或更多小时)的希望的水平的免疫应答。在其他实施方案中,延长的时段是1、2、5、10、15、20、25、30或更多天数。在进一步的实施方案中,延长的时段是1、2、5、10或更多月。在进一步的实施方案中,延长的时段是1、2、5、10或更多年。在一些实施方案中,提供最佳释放的合成纳米载体的组合物是其中免疫调节剂根据以上关系之一从合成纳米载体解离的一种组合物。
在实施方案中,免疫调节剂,优选是不稳定的免疫调节剂,以满足以下关系的中间速率从合成纳米载体解离:6≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,5≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,4≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,3≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,2≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.2,6≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥2,6≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥2.5,6≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥3,6≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥3.5,6≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥4,6≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥5,4≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.5,3.5≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.5,3≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.5,2.5≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥1.5,5≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥2,4≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥2,或3≤IA(4.5)t1/IA(4.5)t2≥2;其中IA(4.5)t1、IA(4.5)t2、t1、和t2如以上定义的那样。在一些实施方案中,t1是24小时,并且t2是6小时。
如另一实例,瑞喹莫德被胶囊化在合成纳米载体内。在体外研究中,进一步往下在实例中说明,发现包含在合成纳米载体内的瑞喹莫德增大了针对也偶合到合成纳米载体的烟碱的体液免疫反应。还发现瑞喹莫德从合成纳米载体的中间释放是最佳的,因为它导致比瑞喹莫德的快或慢释放更高水平的抗体诱导。
因此,在此提供的合成纳米载体还可以包括一种或多种抗原。这些抗原可以是B细胞抗原或T细胞抗原或这二者的一个组合。这样的抗原可以被偶合到合成纳米载体上,这样在一些实施方案中,它们存在于合成纳米载体表面上、胶囊化在合成纳米载体内或这二者并存。在实施方案中,免疫调节剂增大了对这样的抗原的免疫应答。如以上提到的那样,抗原还可以被偶合到合成纳米载体上。然而在其他实施方案中,例如抗原未偶合到合成纳米载体上。在一些这些实施方案中,这样的抗原可以被同时给予受试者。仍在其他这些实施方案中,这样的抗原未被同时给予受试者。
定义
“佐剂”是指并不构成特异性抗原,但是促进对抗原的免疫应答的强度和持续时间的试剂。这样的佐剂可以包括,但并不局限于模式识别受体(例如Toll样受体、RIG-1和NOD样受体)的刺激剂、矿物盐(例如明矾,与肠道细菌(例如大肠杆菌、明尼苏达沙氏杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、或弗氏志贺菌)的单磷酰脂质(MPL)A结合的明矾或分别与(AS04)、以上提到的细菌的MPL A特异结合的明矾)、皂苷(例如QS-21、Quil-A)、ISCOMs、ISCOMATRIXTM、乳液(例如MF59TM、ISA 51和ISA 720)、AS02(QS21+角鲨烯+)、脂质体和脂质体配制品(例如AS01)、合成的或特别制备的微颗粒和微载体(例如淋病奈瑟菌(N.gonorrheae)、沙眼衣原体和其他细菌的细菌衍生的外膜泡(OMV))、或壳聚糖颗粒、贮存形成剂(例如嵌段共聚物)、特异性修饰或制备的肽(例如胞壁酰二肽)、氨基烷基氨基葡糖苷4-磷酸盐(例如RC529)、或蛋白质(例如细菌类毒素或毒素片段)。在实施方案中,佐剂包括用于模式识别受体(PRR)(包括但并不局限于Toll样受体(TLR),特别是TLR2、3、4、5、7、8、9和/或其组合)的激动剂。在其他实施方案中,佐剂包括用于Toll样受体3的激动剂、用于Toll样受体7和8的激动剂、或用于Toll样受体9的激动剂;优选这些列举的佐剂包括咪唑并喹啉;例如瑞喹莫德(也称为R848);腺嘌呤衍生物(例如在美国专利6,329,381(Sumitomo Pharmaceutical Company)中披露的那些);免疫刺激DNA;或免疫刺激RNA。在特定的实施方案中,合成纳米载体合并了作为佐剂化合物的对于toll样受体(TLR)7&8的激动剂(“TLR 7/8激动剂”)。它的效用是Tomai等人的美国专利6,696,076中披露的TLR 7/8激动剂化合物,包括但是不局限于咪唑并喹啉胺、咪唑并吡啶胺、6,7-稠合环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺、以及1,2-桥接咪唑并喹啉胺。优选佐剂包括咪喹莫特和瑞喹莫德。在特定的实施方案中,佐剂可以是DC表面分子CD40的激动剂。在某些实施方案中,合成纳米载体合并了促进DC成熟(需要有效启动幼稚T细胞)并且产生细胞因子的佐剂,例如类型I干扰素,它依次刺激针对希望的抗原的抗体和细胞毒性的免疫应答。在实施方案中,佐剂还可以包括免疫刺激RNA分子(例如但并不局限于dsRNA或聚I:C(TLR3刺激剂)、和/或在F.Heil等人,“Species-Specific Recognition ofSingle-Stranded RNA via Toll-like Receptor 7 and 8”Science 303(5663),1526-1529(2004);J.Vollmer等人,“Immune modulation by chemicallymodified ribonucleosides and oligoribonucleotides”WO 2008033432 A2;A.Forsbach等人,“Immunostimulatory oligoribonucleotides containing specificsequence motif(s)and targeting the Toll-like receptor 8 pathway”WO2007062107A2;E.Uhlmann等人,“Modified oligoribonucleotide analogswith enhanced immunostimulatory activity”U.S.Pat.Appl.Publ.US2006241076;G.Lipford等人,“Immunostimulatory viral RNAoligonucleotides and use for treating cancer and infections”WO 2005097993A2;G.Lipford等人,“Immunostimulatory G,U-containingoligoribonucleotides,compositions,and screening methods”WO 2003086280A2中披露的那些。在一些实施方案中,佐剂可以是TLR-4激动剂(例如细菌的脂多糖(LPS)、VSV-G、和/或HMGB-1。在一些实施方案中,佐剂可以包括TLR-5激动剂(例如鞭毛蛋白、或它的一部分或衍生物),包括但并不局限于在美国专利6,130,082、6,585,980、和7,192,725中披露的那些。在特定的实施方案中,合成纳米载体合并了用于Toll样受体(TLR)-9的配体(例如包括5’-CG-3’基序的免疫刺激寡核苷酸分子,其中C是未甲基化的),它诱导类型I干扰素分泌,并且刺激T细胞和B细胞活化,导致增加的抗体生产和细胞毒性的T细胞应答(Krieg等人,CpG motifs in bacterial DNAtrigger direct B cell activation.Nature.1995.374:546-549;Chu等人,CpGoligodeoxynucleotides act as adjuvants that switch on T helper 1(Th1)immunity.J.Exp.Med.1997.186:1623-1631;Lipford等人,CpG-containingsynthetic oligonucleotides promote B and cytotoxic T cell responses to proteinantigen:a new class of vaccine adjuvants.Eur.J.Immunol.1997.27:2340-2344;Roman等人,Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function asT helper-1-promoting adjuvants.Nat.Med.1997.3:849-854;Davis等人,CpG DNA is a potent enhancer of specific immunity in mice immunized withrecombinant hepatitis B surface antigen.J.Immunol.1998.160:870-876;Lipford等人,Bacterial DNA as immune cell activator.Trends Microbiol.1998.6:496-500)。在一些实施方案中,佐剂可以是从坏死细胞释放的促炎刺激物(例如尿酸盐晶体)。在一些实施方案中,佐剂可以是补体级联的活化组分(例如CD21、CD35、等)。在一些实施方案中,佐剂可以是免疫复合物的活化组分。这些佐剂还包括补体受体激动剂(例如结合到CD21或CD35上的分子)。在一些实施方案中,该补体受体激动剂诱导了合成纳米载体的内源补体调理素作用。在一些实施方案中,佐剂是细胞因子,它是由细胞释放的小的蛋白或生物因子(在5kD-20kD的范围内),并且具相关于细胞-细胞相互作用、通讯以及其他细胞的行为的特定效应。在一些实施方案中,该细胞因子受体激动剂是小分子、抗体、融合蛋白、或适体。
“给予”或“给药”是指以一种药理学上有用的方式,将药物提供给患者。
“APC靶向特征”是指本发明的合成纳米载体所包括的一个或多个部分,这一个或多个部分靶向合成纳米载体至专职抗原递呈细胞(“APCs”)(例如但并不局限于树突细胞、SCS巨噬细胞、滤泡树突细胞、以及B细胞)。在实施方案中,APC靶向特征可以包括一个或多个免疫特征表面和/或多个靶向部分,这些靶向部分将已知靶结合在APCs上。在实施方案中,APC靶向特征可以包括存在于合成纳米载体表面上的一个或多个B细胞抗原。在实施方案中,APC靶向特征还可以包括选择的一个或多个尺寸的这些合成纳米颗粒用来通过APCs促进摄入。
在实施方案中,用于在巨噬细胞(“Mphs”)上的已知靶的靶向部分包括特异性地结合任何实体(例如蛋白、脂类、碳水化合物、小分子、等)的任何靶向部分,这些实体显著表达和/或存在于巨噬细胞上(即被膜下窦-Mph标记)。示例性的SCS-Mph标记包括,但并不局限于,CD4(L3T4,W3/25,T4);CD9(p24,DRAP-1,MRP-1);CD11a(LFA-1α,αL整联蛋白链);CD11b(αM整联蛋白链,CR3,Mo1,C3niR,Mac-1);CD11c(αX整联蛋白,p150,95,AXb2);CDw12(p90-120);CD13(APN,gp150,EC 3.4.11.2);CD14(LPS-R);CD15(X-半抗原,Lewis,X,SSEA-1,3-FAL);CD15s(唾液酰LewisX);CD15u(3′磺基Lewis X);CD15su(6磺基唾液酰Lewis X);CD16a(FCRIIIA);CD16b(FcgRIIIb);CDw17(乳糖酶基神经鞘氨醇,LacCer);CD18(整联蛋白β2,CD11a,b,cβ-亚基);CD26(DPP IV ectoeneyme,ADA结合蛋白);CD29(血小板GPIIa,β-1整联蛋白,GP);CD31(PECAM-1,Endocam);CD32(FCγRII);CD33(gp67);CD35(CR1,C3b/C4b受体);CD36(GpIIIb,GPIV,PASIV);CD37(gp52-40);CD38(ADP-核糖基环化酶,T10);CD39(ATP脱氢酶,NTP脱氢酶-1);CD40(Bp50);CD43(涎蛋白,增白细胞蛋白);CD44(EMCRII,H-CAM,Pgp-1);CD45(LCA,T200,B220,Ly5);CD45RA;CD45RB;CD45RC;CD45RO(UCHL-1);CD46(MCP);CD47(gp42,IAP,OA3,神经纤毛蛋白);CD47R(MEM-133);CD48(Blast-1,Hulym3,BCM-1,OX-45);CD49a(VLA-1α,α1整联蛋白);CD49b(VLA-2α,gpla,α2整联蛋白);CD49c(VLA-3α,α3整联蛋白);CD49e(VLA-5α,α5整联蛋白);CD49f(VLA-6α,α6整联蛋白,gplc);CD50(ICAM-3);CD51(整联蛋白α,VNR-α,V玻连蛋白-Rα);CD52(CAMPATH-1,HE5);CD53(OX-44);CD54(ICAM-1);CD55(DAF);CD58(LFA-3);CD59(1F5Ag,H19,保护素,MACIF,MIRL,P-18);CD60a(GD3);CD60b(9-O-乙酰基GD3);CD61(GP IIIa,β3整联蛋白);CD62L(L-选择素,LAM-1,LECAM-1,MEL-14,Leu8,TQ1);CD63(LIMP,MLA1,gp55,NGA,LAMP-3,ME491);CD64(FcγRI);CD65(神经酰胺,VIM-2);CD65s(唾液酸化的-CD65,VIM2);CD72(Ly-19.2,Ly-32.2,Lyb-2);CD74(Ii,恒定链);CD75(唾液掩蔽的乳糖胺);CD75S(α2,6唾液酸化的乳糖胺);CD80(B7,B7-1,BB1);CD81(TAPA-1);CD82(4F9,C33,IA4,KAI1,R2);CD84(p75,GR6);CD85a(ILT5,LIR2,HL9);CD85d(ILT4,LIR2,MIR10);CD85j(ILT2,LIR1,MIR7);CD85k(ILT3,LIR5,HM18);CD86(B7-2/B70);CD87(uPAR);CD88(C5aR);CD89(IgA Fc受体,FcαR);CD91(α2M-R,LRP);CDw92(p70);CDw93(GR11);CD95(APO-1,FAS,TNFRSF6);CD97(BL-KDD/F12);CD98(4F2,FRP-1,RL-388);CD99(MIC2,E2);CD99R(CD99Mab限制的);CD100(SEMA4D);CD101(IGSF2,P126,V7);CD102(ICAM-2);CD111(PVRL1,HveC,PRR1,Nectin 1,HIgR);CD112(HveB,PRR2,PVRL2,粘合素2);CD114(CSF3R,G-CSRF,HG-CSFR);CD115(c-fms,CSF-1R,M-CSFR);CD116(GMCSFRα);CDw119(IFNγR,IFNγRA);CD120a(TNFRI,p55);CD120b(TNFRII,p75,TNFR p80);CD121b(类型2IL-1R);CD122(IL2Rβ);CD123(IL-3Rα);CD124(IL-4Rα);CD127(p90,IL-7R,IL-7Rα);CD128a(IL-8Ra,CXCR1,(暂时重命名为CD181));CD128b(IL-8Rb,CSCR2,(暂时重命名为CD182));CD130(gp130);CD131(公共β亚基);CD132(公共γ链,IL-2Rγ);CDw136(MSP-R,RON,p158-ron);CDw137(4-1BB,ILA);CD139;CD141(血栓调节素,胎儿调节素);CD147(Basigin,EMMPRIN,M6,OX47);CD148(HPTP-η,p260,DEP-1);CD155(PVR);CD156a(CD156,ADAM8,MS2);CD156b(TACE,ADAM17,cSVP);CDw156C(ADAM10);CD157(Mo5,BST-1);CD162(PSGL-1);CD164(MGC-24,MUC-24);CD165(AD2,gp37);CD168(RHAMM,IHABP,HMMR);CD169(唾液酸粘附素,涎免凝集素-1);CD170(涎免凝集素5);CD171(L1CAM,NILE);CD172(SIRP-1α,MyD-1);CD172b(SIRPβ);CD180(RP105,Bgp95,Ly64);CD181(CXCR1,(以前称为CD128a));CD182(CXCR2,(以前称为CD128b));CD184(CXCR4,NPY3R);CD191(CCR1);CD192(CCR2);CD195(CCR5);CDw197(CCR7(是CDw197));CDw198(CCR8);CD204(MSR);CD205(DEC-25);CD206(MMR);CD207(胰岛蛋白);CDw210(CK);CD213a(CK);CDw217(CK);CD220(胰岛素R);CD221(IGF1 R);CD222(M6P-R,IGFII-R);CD224(GGT);CD226(DNAM-1,PTA1);CD230(朊病毒蛋白(PrP));CD232(VESP-R);CD244(2B4,P38,NAIL);CD245(p220/240);CD256(APEIL,TALL2,TNF(配体)超家族,成员13);CD257(BLYS,TALL1,TNF(配体)超家族,成员13b);CD261(TRAIL-R1,TNF-R超家族,成员10a);CD262(TRAIL-R2,TNF-R超家族,成员10b);CD263(TRAIL-R3,TNBF-R超家族,成员10c);CD264(TRAIL-R4,TNF-R超家族,成员10d);CD265(TRANCE-R,TNF-R超家族,成员11a);CD277(BT3.1,B7家族:嗜乳脂蛋白3);CD280(TEM22,ENDO180);CD281(TLR1,TOLL-样受体1);CD282(TLR2,TOLL-样受体2);CD284(TLR4,TOLL-样受体4);CD295(LEPR);CD298(ATP1B3,Na KATP酶,β3亚基);CD300a(CMRF-35H);CD300c(CMRF-35A);CD300e(CMRF-35L1);CD302(DCL1);CD305(LAIR1);CD312(EMR2);CD315(CD9P1);CD317(BST2);CD321(JAM1);CD322(JAM2);CDw328(涎免凝集素7);CDw329(涎免凝集素9);CD68(gp 110,巨涎蛋白(Macrosialin));和/或甘露糖受体;其中在括号中列出的名字代表可替代的名字。
在实施方案中,用于在树突细胞(“DCs”)上的已知靶的靶向部分包括特异性地结合任何实体(例如蛋白、脂类、碳水化合物、小分子、等)的任何靶向部分,这些实体显著表达和/或存在于DCs上(即一种DC标记)。示例性的DC标记包括,但并不局限于,CD1a(R4,T6,HTA-1);CD1b(R1);CD1c(M241,R7);CD1d(R3);CD1e(R2);CD11b(αM整联蛋白链,CR3,Mo1,C3niR,Mac-1);CD11c(αX整联蛋白,p150,95,AXb2);CDw117(乳糖酶基神经鞘氨醇,LacCer);CD19(B4);CD33(gp67);CD 35(CR1,C3b/C4b受体);CD 36(GpIIIb,GPIV,PASIV);CD39(ATP脱氢酶,NTP脱氢酶-1);CD40(Bp50);CD45(LCA,T200,B220,Ly5);CD45RA;CD45RB;CD45RC;CD45RO(UCHL-1);CD49d(VLA-4α,α4整联蛋白);CD49e(VLA-5α,α5整联蛋白);CD58(LFA-3);CD64(FcγRI);CD72(Ly-19.2,Ly-32.2,Lyb-2);CD73(Ecto-5’nucloticlase);CD74(Ii,恒定链);CD80(B7,B7-1,BB1);CD81(TAPA-1);CD83(HB15);CD85a(ILT5,LIR3,HL9);CD85d(ILT4,LIR2,MIR10);CD85j(ILT2,LIR1,MIR7);CD85k(ILT3,LIR5,HM18);CD86(B7-2/B70);CD88(C5aB);CD97(BL-KDD/F12);CD101(IGSF2,P126,V7);CD116(GM-CSFRα);CD120a(TMFRI,p55);CD120b(TNFRII,p75,TNFRp80);CD123(IL-3Rα);CD139;CD148(HPTP-η,DEP-1);CD150(SLAM,IPO-3);CD156b(TACE,ADAM17,cSVP);CD157(Mo5,BST-1);CD167a(DDR1,trkE,cak);CD168(RHAMM,IHABP,HMMR);CD169(唾液酸黏附素,涎免凝集素-1);CD170(涎免凝集素-5);CD171(L1CAM,MLE);CD172(SIRP-1α,MyD-1);CD172b(SIRPβ);CD180(RP105,Bgp95,Ly64);CD184(CXCR4,NPY3R);CD193(CCR3);CD196(CCR6);CD197(CCR7(wsCDw197));CDw197(CCR7,EBI1,BLR2);CD200(OX2);CD205(DEC-205);CD206(MMR);CD207(胰岛蛋白);CD208(DC-LAMP);CD209(DCSIGN);CDw218a(IL18Rα);CDw218b(IL8Rβ);CD227(MUC1,PUM,PEM,EMA);CD230(朊病毒蛋白(PrP));CD252(OX40L,TNF(配体)超家族,成员4);CD258(LIGHT,TNF(配体)超家族,成员14);CD265(TRANCE-R,TNF-R超家族,成员11a);CD271(NGFR,p75,TNFR超家族,成员16);CD273(B7DC,PDL2);CD274(B7H1,PDL1);CD275(B7H2,ICOSL);CD276(B7H3);CD277(BT3.1,B7家族:嗜乳脂蛋白3);CD283(TLR3,TOLL-样受体3);CD289(TLR9,TOLL-样受体9);CD295(LEPR);CD298(ATP1B3,Na K ATP酶β3亚基);CD300a(CMRF-35H);CD300c(CMRF-35A);CD301(MGL1,CLECSF14);CD302(DCL1);CD303(BDCA2);CD304(BDCA4);CD312(EMR2);CD317(BST2);CD319(CRACC,SLAMF7);CD320(8D6);以及CD68(gp110,巨涎蛋白);II类MHC;BDCA-1;涎免凝集素-H;其中在括号中列出的名字代表可替代的名字。
在实施方案中,可以通过特异性地结合任何实体(例如蛋白、脂类、碳水化合物、小分子、等)的任何靶向部分完成靶向,这些实体显著表达和/或存在于B细胞上(即B细胞标记)。示例性的B细胞标记包括,但并不局限于,CD1c(M241,R7);CD1d(R3);CD2(E-花环R,T11,LFA-2);CD5(T1,Tp67,Leu-1,Ly-1);CD6(T12);CD9(p24,DRAP-1,MRP-1);CD11a(LFA-1α,αL整联蛋白链);CD11b(αM整联蛋白链,CR3,Mo1,C3niR,Mac-1);CD11c(αX整联蛋白,P150,95,AXb2);CDw17(乳糖胺,LacCer);CD18(整联蛋白β2,CD11a,b,cβ-亚基;CD19(B4);CD20(B1,Bp35);CD21(CR2,EBV-R,C3dR);CD22(BL-CAM,Lyb8,涎免凝集素-2);CD23(FceRII,B6,BLAST-2,Leu-20);CD24(BBA-1,HSA);CD25(Tac抗原,IL-2Rα,p55);CD26(DPP IVectoeneyme,ADA结合蛋白);CD27(T14,S152);CD29(血小板GPIIa,β-1整联蛋白,GP);CD31(PECAM-1,Endocam);CD32(FCγRII);CD35(CR1,C3b/C4b受体);CD37(gp52-40);CD38(ADP核糖基环化酶,T10);CD39(ATP脱氢酶,NTP脱氢酶-1);CD40(Bp50);CD44(ECMRII,H-CAM,Pgp-1);CD45(LCA,T200,B220,Ly5);CD45RA;CD45RB;CD45RC;CD45RO(UCHL-1);CD46(MCP);CD47(gp42,IAP,OA3,抗人神经菌毛素);CD47R(MEM-133);CD48(Blast-1,Hulym3,BCM-1,OX-45);CD49b(VLA-2α,gpla,α2整联蛋白);CD49c(VLA-3α,α3整联蛋白);CD49d(VLA-4α,α4整联蛋白);CD50(ICAM-3);CD52(CAMPATH-1,HES);CD53(OX-44);CD54(ICAM-1);CD55(DAF);CD58(LFA-3);CD60a(GD3);CD62L(L-选择素,LAM-1,LECAM-1,MEL-14,Leu8,TQ1);CD72(Ly-19.2,Ly-32.2,Lyb-2);CD73(Ecto-5′-核苷酸酶);CD74(Ii,恒定链);CD75L(唾液掩蔽的乳糖胺);CD75S(α2,6唾液酸化的乳糖胺);CD77(Pk抗原,BLA,CTH/Gb3);CD79a(Igα,MB1);CD79b(Igβ,B29);CD80;CD81(TAPA-1);CD82(4F9,C33,IA4,KAI1,R2);CD83(HB15);CD84(P75,GR6);CD85j(ILT2,LIR1,MIR7);CDw92(p70);CD95(APO-1,FAS,TNFRSF6);CD98(4F2,FRP-1,RL-388);CD99(MIC2,E2);CD100(SEMA4D);CD102(ICAM-2);CD108(SEMA7A,JMH血型抗原);CDw119(IFNγR,IFNγRa);CD120a(TNFRI,p55);CD120b(TNFRII,p75,TNFR p80);CD121b(类型2IL-1R);CD122(IL2Rβ);CD124(IL-4Rα);CD130(gp130);CD132(公共γ链,IL-2Rγ);CDw137(4-1BB,ILA);CD139;CD147(Basigin,EMMPRIN,M6,OX47);CD150(SLAM,IPO-3);CD162(PSGL-1);CD164(MGC-24,MUC-24);CD166(ALCAM,KG-CAM,SC-1,BEN,DM-GRASP);CD167a(DDR1,trkE,cak);CD171(L1CMA,NILE);CD175s(唾液酰-Tn(S-Tn));CD180(RP105,Bgp95,Ly64);CD184(CXCR4,NPY3R);CD185(CXCR5);CD192(CCR2);CD196(CCR6);CD197(CCR7(was CDw197));CDw197(CCR7,EBI1,BLR2);CD200(OX2);CD205(DEC-205);CDw210(CK);CD213a(CK);CDw217(CK);CDw218a(IL18Rα);CDw218b(IL18Rβ);CD220(胰岛素R);CD221(IGF1 R);CD222(M6P-R,IGFII-R);CD224(GGT);CD225(Leu13);CD226(DNAM-1,PTA1);CD227(MUC1,PUM,PEM,EMA);CD229(Ly9);CD230(朊病毒蛋白(Prp));CD232(VESP-R);CD245(p220/240);CD247(CD3Zeta链);CD261(TRAIL-R1,TNF-R超家族,成员10a);CD262(TRAIL-R2,TNF-R超家族,成员10b);CD263(TRAIL-R3,TNF-R超家族,成员10c);CD264(TRAIL-R4,TNF-R超家族,成员10d);CD265(TRANCE-R,TNF-R超家族,成员11a);CD267(TACI,TNF-R超家族,成员13B);CD268(BAFFR,TNF-R超家族,成员13C);CD269(BCMA,TNF-R超家族,成员16);CD275(B7H2,ICOSL);CD277(BT3.1.B7家族:嗜乳脂蛋白3);CD295(LEPR);CD298(ATP1B3 Na KATP酶β3亚基);CD300a(CMRF-35H);CD300c(CMRF-35A);CD305(LAIR1);CD307(IRTA2);CD315(CD9P1);CD316(EW12);CD317(BST2);CD319(CRACC,SLAMF7);CD321(JAM1);CD322(JAM2);CDw327(涎免凝集素6,CD33L);CD68(gp 100,巨涎蛋白);CXCR5;VLA-4;II类MHC;表面IgM;表面IgD;APRL;和/或BAFF-R;其中在括号中列出的名字代表可替代的名字。标记的实例包括在其他地方提供的那些。
在一些实施方案中,可以通过特异性地结合任何实体(例如蛋白、脂类、碳水化合物、小分子、等)的任何靶向部分完成B细胞靶向,这些实体显著表达和/或存在于经活化的B细胞上(即活化的B细胞标记)。示例性的活化的B细胞标记包括,但并不局限于,CD1a(R4,T6,HTA-1);CD1b(R1);CD15s(唾液酰Lewis X);CD15u(3′磺基Lewis X);CD15su(6磺基-唾液酰Lewis X);CD30(Ber-H2,Ki-1);CD69(AIM,EA1,MLR3,gp34/28,VEA);CD70(Ki-24,CD27配体);CD80(B7,B7-1,BB1);CD86(B7-2/B70);CD97(BLKDD/F12);CD125(IL-5Rα);CD126(IL-6Rα);CD138(多配体聚糖-1,硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖);CD152(CTLA-4);CD252(OX40L,TNF(配体)超家族,成员4);CD253(TRAIL,TNF(配体)超家族,成员10);CD279(PD1);CD289(TLR9,TOLL-样受体9);以及CD312(EMR2);其中在括号中列出的名字代表可替代的名字。标记的实例包括在其他地方提供的那些。
“B细胞抗原”是指天然地或者可以被构建为被B细胞识别的任何抗原,并且触发(天然地或如本领域中已知那样被构建)在B细胞中的免疫应答(例如被B细胞上的B细胞受体特异性识别的抗原)。在一些实施方案中,是T细胞抗原的抗原也是B细胞抗原。在其他实施方案中,T细胞抗原并不也是B细胞抗原。B细胞抗原包括,但并不局限于蛋白、肽、小分子、以及碳水化合物。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原是非蛋白抗原(即不是蛋白或肽抗原)。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原是与传染物相关的碳水化合物。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原是与传染物相关的糖蛋白或糖肽。这些传染物可以是细菌、病毒、真菌、原生动物、寄生虫或朊病毒。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原是免疫原性差的抗原。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原是滥用的物质或其一部分。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原是上瘾的物质或其一部分。上瘾的物质包括,但并不局限于烟碱、麻醉剂、止咳剂、镇静剂、以及安神剂。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原是毒素(例如来自化学武器或天然来源的毒素)或污染物。B细胞抗原还可以是危险的环境因素。在其他实施方案中,B细胞抗原是异体抗原、变应原、接触性致敏原、退行性疾病抗原、半抗原、传染病抗原、癌抗原、特应性疾病抗原、上瘾的物质、异种抗原、或代谢病酶或其酶产物。
“可生物降解的聚合物”是指在引入受试者体内时,随时间降解的聚合物。生物可降解的聚合物包括但并不局限于聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚缩酮、或聚酰胺。这样的聚合物可以包括聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(乳酸乙醇酸)共聚物、或聚己酸内酯。在一些实施方案中,该生物可降解的聚合物包括聚醚的嵌段共聚物(例如聚(乙二醇))、以及聚酯、聚碳酸酯、或聚酰胺、或其他生物可降解的聚合物。在实施方案中,该生物可降解的聚合物包括聚(乙二醇)和聚(乳酸)的嵌段共聚物、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(乳酸乙醇酸)共聚物、或聚己酸内酯。然而在一些实施方案中,该生物可降解的聚合物并不包括聚醚(例如聚(乙二醇)),或单独由聚醚组成。一般地,在pH=7.4并且在25℃下,对于用作合成纳米载体的一部分,该生物可降解的聚合物在水中是不可溶的。在实施方案中,如使用凝胶渗透色谱法确定的那样,该生物可降解的聚合物具有范围从约800道尔顿至约50,000道尔顿的重均分子量。在一些实施方案中,如使用凝胶渗透色谱法确定的那样,该重均分子量是从约800道尔顿至约10,000道尔顿,优选从800道尔顿至10,000道尔顿。在其他实施方案中,如使用凝胶渗透色谱法确定的那样,该重均分子量是从1000道尔顿至10,000道尔顿。在一个实施方案中,该可生物降解的聚合物并不包括聚缩酮。
“同时给予”是指以一种时间相关的方式,将两种或更多种药物给予受试者。在实施方案中,通过以相同剂型给予两种或更多种药物,可以发生同时给予。在其他实施方案中,同时给予可以包括给予两种或更多种以不同剂型存在的药物,但是给予是在特定时段内,优选在1个月内,更优选在1周内,仍更优选是在1天内,并且甚至更优选是在1个小时内。
“偶合”或“偶接”或“偶联”(以及类似表述)是附着到或包含在合成纳米载体内。在一些实施方案中,该偶合是共价的。在一些实施方案中,通过一个或多个连接物、聚合物或其单元介导共价偶合。在一些实施方案中,该偶合是非共价的。在一些实施方案中,通过电荷相互作用、亲和相互作用、金属配位、物理吸附、主客体相互作用、疏水相互作用、TT堆积相互作用、氢键相互作用、范德华相互作用、磁相互作用、静电相互作用、偶极-偶极相互作用、和/或它们的组合来介导该非共价偶合。在实施方案中,使用常规技术,在合成纳米载体内的胶囊化的背景中,可能出现该偶合。任何以上提到的偶合可以安排在一个表面上或安排在本发明的合成纳米载体内。
“衍生的”是指从原始的源改变或改性。例如,作为一个非限制性实例,衍生自传染性菌株的肽抗原可以具有取代在原始抗原中发现的天然氨基酸残基的若干非天然氨基酸残基,以上原始抗原是在传染性菌株中发现的。这些改变或改性可以是为了多种原因,包括但并不局限于增加的特异性、更容易的抗原加工、或改进的安全性。
“剂型”是指药物在适合给予受试者的一种介质、载体、媒介物、或装置中。
一种本发明的组合物的“有效量”是对于某些目的有效的量。例如,在该有效量是对于一个治疗目的时,那么该量对于治疗、减轻、改善、救治、延迟其发病、抑制其进展、减少其严重性、和/或减少在此提供的一种疾病、失调、和/或病情的一种或多种症状或特征的发病率是有效的。
“胶囊化”是指胶囊化在合成纳米载体内,优选完全胶囊化在合成纳米载体内。多数或所有胶囊化的物质并不暴露于合成纳米载体外的局部环境。胶囊化不同于吸收,后者将多数或所有物质放置在合成纳米载体表面上,并且使该物质暴露于合成纳米载体外的局部环境。
“表现出一种pH敏感的解离”是指环境pH中的改变显著减少或消除在两个实体(例如免疫调节剂和合成纳米载体或免疫调节剂偶合部分)之间的偶合。在实施方案中,相关的pH敏感的解离可以满足在此提供的任何关系或其组合。
“IArel(4.5)t%”被定义为在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量除以在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量加上在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,保留在合成纳米载体中的免疫调节剂的重量之和,表示为重量百分数,并且被取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数。在实施方案中,t是2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、28、或30小时。在优选实施方案中,t是24小时。
“IArel(7.4)t%”被定义为在pH=7.4,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量除以在pH=7.4,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量加上在pH=7.4,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t小时,保留在合成纳米载体中的免疫调节剂的重量之和,表示为重量百分数,并且被取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数。在实施方案中,t是2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、28、或30小时。在优选实施方案中,t是24小时。
“IA(4.5)t1”被定义为在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t1小时,取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量。“IA(4.5)t2”被定义为在pH=4.5,将合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境t2小时,取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量。t1是4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、28或30小时;t2是2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24、26、或28小时;并且t1>t2。在优选实施方案中,t1是24小时,并且t2是6小时。
‘免疫调节剂”是指调节免疫应答的媒介物。如在此使用的那样,“调节”是指诱导、增强、刺激、或指导免疫应答。这样的媒介物包括刺激(或促进)对抗原的免疫应答的佐剂,但不是抗原或衍生自抗原。在一些实施方案中,该免疫调节剂在合成纳米载体的表面上,和/或合并在合成纳米载体内。在实施方案中,免疫调节剂经由一种聚合物或其单元被偶合到合成纳米载体上。
在一些实施方案中,所有合成纳米载体的免疫调节剂都是彼此相同的。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体包括大量不同类型的免疫调节剂。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体包括多种独自的免疫调节剂,所有这些都是彼此相同的。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体正好包括一个类型的免疫调节剂。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体正好包括两个不同类型的免疫调节剂。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体包括多于两个的不同类型的免疫调节剂。
“免疫调节剂偶合部分”可以是任何部分,免疫调节剂通过它被键合到合成纳米载体上。这样的部分包括共价键(例如酰胺键或酯键),连同键合(共价地或非共价地)免疫调节剂至合成纳米载体的分离分子。这样的分子包括连接物或聚合物或它们的单元。例如,免疫调节剂偶合部分可以包括免疫调节剂(例如一种免疫刺激核酸)静电结合的一种带电聚合物。如另一个实例,免疫调节剂偶合部分可以包括免疫调节剂共价结合的一种聚合物或其单元。在一些实施方案中,该部分包括一种聚酯。在其他实施方案中,该部分包括聚(乙二醇)、聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(乳酸-乙醇酸)共聚物、或聚己酸内酯。该部分还可以包括任何以上聚合物的一个单元,例如丙交酯或乙交酯。
“一种或多种不稳定的免疫调节剂”是指在生理条件下不稳定的免疫调节剂或媒介物,并且退化至它们不再是药理学上有活性的点。在实施方案中,观察到不稳定的免疫调节剂具有小于24小时的全身消除半衰期,优选小于12小时,更优选小于10小时,甚至更优选小于8小时,并且仍更优选小于6小时。在实施方案中,不稳定的免疫调节剂包括咪唑并喹啉、腺嘌呤衍生物、或包括5’-CG-3’的寡核苷酸,其中C未甲基化并且其中该寡核苷酸包括一个主链,该主链包括一个或多个不稳定的核苷酸间连键。在实施方案中,咪唑并喹啉包括咪唑并喹啉胺、咪唑并吡啶胺、6,7-稠合的环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺、咪唑并喹啉胺、咪喹莫特、或瑞喹莫德。
“合成纳米载体的最大尺寸”是指沿合成纳米载体的任何轴测量的纳米载体的最大尺寸。“合成纳米载体的最小尺寸”是指沿合成纳米载体的任何轴测量的合成纳米载体的最小尺寸。例如,对于球形合成纳米载体,合成纳米载体的最大和最小尺寸会是基本相同的,并且会是它的直径的大小。类似地,对于立方体合成纳米载体,合成纳米载体的最小尺寸会是它的高、宽、或长中最小的,同时合成纳米载体的最大尺寸会是它的高、宽、或长中最大的。在一个实施方案中,基于样品中合成纳米载体的总数,样品中至少75%、优选至少80%、更优选至少90%的合成纳米载体的最小尺寸是大于100nm。在一个实施方案中,基于样品中合成纳米载体的总数,样品中至少75%、优选至少80%、更优选至少90%的合成纳米载体的最大尺寸是等于或小于5μm。优选地,基于样品中合成纳米载体的总数,样品中至少75%、优选至少80%、更优选至少90%的合成纳米载体的最小尺寸是等于或大于110nm、更优选等于或大于120nm、更优选等于或大于130nm、并且仍更优选等于或大于150nm。优选地,基于样品中合成纳米载体的总数,样品中至少75%、优选至少80%、更优选至少90%的合成纳米载体的最大尺寸是等于或小于3μm、更优选等于或小于2μm、更优选等于或小于1μm、更优选等于或小于800nm、更优选等于或小于600nm、并且仍更优选等于或小于500nm。在优选的实施方案中,基于样品中合成纳米载体的总数,样品中至少75%,优选至少80%,更优选至少90%的合成纳米载体的最大尺寸是等于或大于100nm、更优选等于或大于120nm、更优选等于或大于130nm、更优选等于或大于140nm、并且仍更优选等于或大于150nm。通过将这些合成纳米载体悬浮在一种液体(通常是水性)介质中,并且使用动态光散射(例如使用一台Brookhaven ZetaPALS仪器)获得合成纳米载体大小的测量值。
“获得的”是指取自原始源,没有改变或改性。例如,在实施方案中,从一个源获得的抗原可以包括在该源发现的原始氨基酸残基序列。在其他实施方案中,从一个源获得的抗原可以包括在该源发现的原始分子结构。
“寡核苷酸”是指一个具有从6至100个核苷酸的核苷酸分子,优选从8至75个核苷酸,更优选从10至50个核苷酸,仍更优选从15至25个核苷酸,甚至仍更优选20个核苷酸。在一个根据本发明的实施方案中,寡核苷酸包括小于100个核苷酸,优选小于50个核苷酸,更优选小于25个核苷酸,并且仍更优选小于10个核苷酸。存在于寡核苷酸所包括的一个5’-CG-3’序列中的任何胞嘧啶核苷酸(“C”)是未甲基化的,存在于部分寡核苷酸(除了在寡核苷酸所包括的5’-CG-3’序列中的)中的C可以是甲基化的,或者可以是未甲基化的。在实施方案中,本发明的寡核苷酸包括一个主链,该主链包括一个或多个不稳定核苷酸间连键(是指在生理条件下不稳定的核苷酸间连键)。“不稳定核苷酸间连键”是指在寡核苷酸所包括的两个核苷酸之间的、未被化学修饰以稳定化主链的连键,或者被化学修饰来使在生理条件下的寡核苷酸的主链去稳定的连键。不稳定核苷酸间连键的实例是磷酸二酯核苷酸间连键。在实施方案中,本发明的寡核苷酸的主链不包括稳定化的化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化主链。在实施方案中,本发明的寡核苷酸的主链包括一个未被修饰以结合稳定化学修饰的硫代磷酸酯的主链。
“药学上可接受的赋形剂”是指一种药理学上无活性的物质,该物质被添加到一种本发明的组合物中来进一步协助该组合物的给药。没有限制,药学上可接受的赋形剂的实例包括碳酸钙、磷酸钙、不同的稀释剂、不同的糖和各种类型的淀粉、纤维素衍生物、明胶、植物油以及聚乙二醇。
“释放速率”是指在体外释放测试中,封存的免疫调节剂从组合物(例如合成纳米载体)流入周围介质的速率。首先,通过置入适当的体外释放介质中,制备合成纳米载体用于释放测试。这一般通过在离心使合成纳米载体成小粒以后交换缓冲剂,并且使用温和条件重建合成纳米载体来实现。通过将样品置于一台适当的温度控制装置中,在37℃开始测定。在不同的时间点移出样品。
通过离心使合成纳米载体成小粒从释放介质分离合成纳米载体。测定从合成纳米载体分散的免疫调节剂的释放介质。使用HPLC测量免疫调节剂以确定免疫调节剂的含量和质量。将包含剩余封存的免疫调节剂的小粒溶解在溶剂中,或用碱水解来从合成纳米载体解脱封存的免疫调节剂。然后还通过HPLC测量包含免疫调节剂的小粒以确定在给定时间点,仍未释放的免疫调节剂的含量和质量。
已经释放至释放介质中的和剩余在合成纳米载体中的免疫调节剂间的质量平衡被关闭。数据表示为释放部分或净释放,都表示为随时间释放的微克数。
“受试者”是指一种动物,包括哺乳动物例如人和灵长目动物;鸟;家养动物或家畜(例如猫、狗、绵羊、山羊、牛、马和猪);实验动物(例如小鼠、大鼠和豚鼠);鱼;以及类似动物。
“一种或多种合成纳米载体”是指在自然界不能找到的并且至少拥有在大小上小于或等于5微米的尺寸的离散物。白蛋白纳米颗粒清楚地包括在合成纳米载体内。
合成纳米载体包括聚合物纳米颗粒。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一种或多种聚合物基质。然而,合成纳米载体还可以包括其他纳米材料,并且可以是例如脂类聚合物纳米颗粒。在一些实施方案中,可以由包被层(例如脂质体、脂质单分子层、微胶粒、等)环绕聚合物基质。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体不是微胶粒。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一个核,该核包括被一个脂质层(例如脂质双分子层、脂质单分子层、等)环绕的聚合物基质。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体的不同元件可以与该聚合物基质偶合。
合成纳米载体可以包括一种或多种脂类。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一种脂质体。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一个脂质双分子层。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一个脂质单分子层。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一种微胶粒。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括被一个脂质层(例如脂质双分子层、脂质单分子层、等)环绕的非聚合物核(例如金属颗粒、量子点、陶瓷颗粒、骨颗粒、病毒性颗粒、蛋白、核酸、碳水化合物、等)。
合成纳米载体可以包括脂基纳米颗粒、金属纳米颗粒、表面活性剂基乳液、树枝状化合物、巴奇球,纳米线、病毒状颗粒、肽或蛋白基颗粒(例如白蛋白纳米颗粒)。合成纳米载体可以具有多种不同的形状,包括但并不局限于球形、立方形、锥形、长方形、圆柱形、环形、以及类似形状。根据本发明的合成纳米载体包括一个或多个表面。可以适合用于实践本发明的示例性的合成纳米载体包括:(1)Gref等人的美国专利5,543,158中披露的生物可降解纳米颗粒,(2)Saltzman等人的美国专利申请20060002852公开的聚合物纳米颗粒,(3)DeSimone等人的美国专利申请20090028910公开的石版印刷构建的纳米颗粒,(4)Andrian等人的WO 2009/051837的披露,或(5)Penades等人的公开的美国专利申请2008/0145441中披露的纳米颗粒。
根据本发明的合成纳米载体具有等于或小于约100nm、优选地等于或小于100nm的最小尺寸,并不包括具有使补体活化的羟基的表面,或者可替代地包括基本由不是使补体活化的羟基的部分组成的表面。在一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的合成纳米载体具有等于或小于约100nm、优选地等于或小于100nm的最小尺寸,并不包括实质上使补体活化的表面,或者可替代地包括基本由不实质上活化补体的部分组成的表面。在更优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的合成纳米载体具有等于或小于约100nm、优选地等于或小于100nm的最小尺寸,并不包括使补体活化的表面,或者可替代地包括基本由不使补体活化的部分组成的表面。在实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以拥有大于1∶1、1∶1.2、1∶1.5、1∶2、1∶3、1∶5、1∶7、或大于1∶10的长径比。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体是球体或扁球体。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体是扁平的或盘状的。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体是立方体或立方形的。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体是卵形或椭圆形的。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体是圆柱体、椎体、或锥形。
通常希望使用一群在大小、形状、和/或构成方面较一致的合成纳米载体,这样每一合成纳米载体具有类似特性。例如,至少80%、至少90%、或至少95%的合成纳米载体可以具有落在5%、10%或20%的平均直径或平均尺寸内的最小尺寸或最大尺寸。在一些实施方案中,一群合成纳米载体可以关于大小、形状、和/或构成是不均匀的。
合成纳米载体可以是实心的或空心的,并且可以包括一个或多个层。在一些实施方案中,相对于其他一层或多层,每一层具有独特的构成和独特的特性。为了给出但是一个实例,合成纳米载体可以具有一个核/壳结构,其中核是一层(例如一个聚合物核)并且壳是一个第二层(例如一个脂质双分子层或单分子层)。合成纳米载体可以包括多个不同的层。
“T细胞抗原”是指通过T细胞中的免疫应答来识别的并且触发T细胞中的免疫应答的任何抗原(例如,经由递呈结合到I类或II类主要组织相容性复合物分子(MHC)上的、或者结合到CD1复合物上的抗原或其一部分,通过在T细胞或NKT细胞上的T细胞受体来特异性识别的抗原)。在一些实施方案中,是T细胞抗原的抗原也是B细胞抗原。在其他实施方案中,T细胞抗原并不也是B细胞抗原。T细胞抗原一般是蛋白或多肽。T细胞抗原可以是刺激CD8+T细胞应答、CD4+T细胞应答、或二者的抗原。因此,在一些实施方案中,这些T细胞抗原可以有效刺激这两种类型的应答。
在一些实施方案中,T细胞抗原是T辅助细胞抗原,它是通过刺激T细胞辅助细胞,可以产生对无关的B细胞抗原的增强的应答的T细胞抗原。在实施方案中,T辅助细胞抗原可以包括一种或多种衍生自破伤风类毒素、EB病毒、流行性感冒病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、腺病毒、白喉类毒素、或PADRE肽的肽。在其他实施方案中,T辅助细胞抗原包括一种或多种脂类、或糖脂类,包括但并不局限于:α-半乳糖基神经酰胺(α-GalCer)、α-连接的糖鞘脂(来自鞘氨醇单胞菌属)、半乳糖基二酰基甘油(来自伯氏疏螺旋体)、Lypophosphoglycan(来自杜氏利什曼原虫)、和磷脂酰肌醇四甘露糖苷(PIM4)(来自麻风分枝杆菌)。对于作为T辅助细胞抗原有用的添加的脂类和/或糖脂类,参见V.Cerundolo等人,“Harnessing invariant NKT cells in vaccination strategies.”Nature Rev Immun,9:28-38(2009)。在实施方案中,CD4+T细胞抗原可以是从一个来源(例如天然来源)获得的CD4+T细胞抗原的衍生物。在这样的实施方案中,CD4+T细胞抗原序列(例如结合到MHC II的那些肽)可以具有与从该来源获得的抗原的至少70%、80%、90%、或95%的同一性。在实施方案中,T细胞抗原,优选是T辅助细胞抗原,可以偶合到合成纳米载体,或者从合成纳米载体解偶合。
“其单元”是指聚合物的单体单元,该聚合物一般由一系列的连接的单体构成。
“疫苗”是指改进对具体的病原体或疾病的免疫应答的物质的组合物。疫苗典型地包含刺激受试者的免疫系统以识别特异性抗原为外来并且将它从受试者身体消除的因子。疫苗还建立免疫“记忆”,这样如果人被再攻击,那么抗原将被迅速识别并响应。疫苗可以是预防性的(例如阻止由任何病原体引起的未来感染),或治疗的(例如为了治疗癌症,针对肿瘤特异抗原的疫苗)。根据本发明的疫苗可以包括一种或多种在此提供的合成纳米载体或组合物。
制造本发明的化合物、结合物、或合成纳米载体的方法
免疫调节剂可以按任何方式被偶合到合成纳米载体上,这样免疫调节剂从合成纳米载体的解离满足在此提供的解离关系。在以上的其他地方和在实例中提供了用于确定合成纳米载体的免疫调节剂是否满足在此提供的解离关系的方法。
可以使用多种方法将根据本发明的寡核苷酸胶囊化到合成纳米载体中,包括但并不局限于C.Astete等人,“Synthesis and characterization ofPLGA nanoparticles”,J.Biomater.Sci.Polymer Edn,Vol.17,No.3,pp.247-289(2006);K.Avgoustakis“Pegylated Poly(Lactide)andPoly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide)Nanoparticles:Preparation,Properties andPossible Applications in Drug Delivery”,Current Drug Delivery 1:321-333(2004);C.Reis等人,“Nanoencapsulation I.Methods for preparation ofdrug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles”,Nanomedicine 2:8-21(2006)。可以使用适合将寡核苷酸胶囊化到合成纳米载体中的其他方法,无限制地包括在Unger的美国专利6,632,671(2003年10月14日)中披露的方法。
在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂经由免疫调节剂偶合部分(例如一种聚合物或其单元)共价偶合到合成纳米载体上。通常,聚合物或其单元可以按若干方式与免疫调节剂共价偶合。
提供的以下方法或这些方法的任何步骤都是示例性的,并且可以在任何合适的条件下进行。在一些情况下,提供的这些方法的反应或任何步骤可以在溶剂或溶剂的混合物存在的条件下进行。适合用于本发明的溶剂的非限制性实例包括,但并不局限于:对苯甲酚、甲苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、二乙醚、二醇、石油醚、己烷、环己烷、戊烷、二氯甲烷(或亚甲基氯)、氯仿、二噁烷、四氢呋喃(THF)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、三乙胺、乙腈、甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、异丙醇(IPA)、它们的混合物、或类似物质。在一些情况下,该溶剂选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:乙酸乙酯、亚甲基氯、THF、DMF、NMP、DMAC、DMSO、和甲苯、或它们的混合物。
可以在任何合适的温度下进行所提供的方法的反应或任何步骤。在一些情况下,在约室温下(例如约25℃、约20℃、在约20℃和约25℃之间、或类似温度)进行所提供的方法的反应或任何步骤。然而,在一些情况下,可以在低于或高于室温的温度下进行所提供的方法的反应或任何步骤,例如在约-20℃、在约-10℃、在约0℃、在约10℃、在约30℃、约40℃、约50℃、约60℃、约70℃、约80℃、约90℃、约100℃、约120℃、约140℃、约150℃或更高温度。在具体的实施方案中,在0℃和120℃之间的温度进行所提供的方法的反应或任何步骤。在一些实施方案中,可以在多于一个温度下进行所提供的方法的反应或任何步骤(例如在一个第一温度下添加反应物,并且在一个第二温度下搅拌该反应混合物,其中从第一温度至第二温度的转变可以是逐渐的或迅速的)。
可以允许所提供的方法的反应或任何步骤进行任何合适的一段时间。在一些情况下,允许所提供的方法的反应或任何步骤进行约10分钟、约20分钟、约30分钟、约40分钟、约50分钟、约1小时、约2小时、约4小时、约8小时、约12小时、约16小时、约24小时、约2天、约3天、约4天、或更长时间。在一些情况下,可以在一个中间时间移出并分析反应混合物的等分部分以确定所提供的方法的反应或任何步骤的进展。在一些实施方案中,可以在惰性气氛在无水条件下(例如在氮气或氩气气氛、无水溶剂、等条件下)进行所提供的方法的反应或任何步骤。
可以使用普遍已知的技术分离(例如经由蒸馏、柱色谱法、萃取、沉淀、等)和/或分析(例如气液色谱法、高效液相色谱法、核磁共振波谱法、等)反应产物和/或中间产物。在一些情况下,可以例如使用反相高效液相色谱法分析合成纳米载体,以确定免疫调节剂的加载。
这些聚合物可以具有任何合适的分子量。例如这些聚合物可以具有低或高分子量。非限制性的分子量值包括100Da、200Da、300Da、500Da、750Da、1000Da、2000Da、3000Da、4000Da、5000Da、6000Da、7000Da、8000Da、9000Da、10,000Da、或更大。在一些实施方案中,这些聚合物具有约800Da至约10,000Da的重均分子量。可以使用凝胶渗透色谱法确定聚合物的分子量。
以下提供的是并不旨在限制的示例性反应。
方法1
使用在酰胺合成中普遍使用的活化试剂,将一种聚合物(例如PLA、PLGA)或其单元与至少一种酸端基转化为一种反应性酰化剂,例如卤化酰基、酰基咪唑、活性酯、等。
在这一两步法中,分离生成的活化聚合物或其单元(例如PLA、PLGA),并且然后在一种碱存在下,与一种免疫调节剂(例如R848)反应以给出希望的结合物(例如PLA-R848),例如像以下图解示出的那样:
活化试剂可以被用来将聚合物或其单元(例如PLA或PLGA)转化为活化的酰化形式,包括但并不局限于:氰尿酰氟、N,N-四甲基氟代甲酰胺六氟磷酸酯(TFFH);酰基咪唑(例如碳酰二咪唑(CDI))、N,N’-碳酰双(3-甲基咪唑鎓)三氟甲磺酸酯(CBMIT);以及活性酯(例如N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS或HOSu)),在碳二亚胺(例如N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、N-乙基-N’-(3-(二甲氨基)丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)或N,N′-二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC))存在下;N,N′-二丁二酰亚胺碳酸酯(DSC);五氟苯酚,在DCC或EDC或DIC存在下;五氟苯基三氟醋酸酯。
可以分离(例如经由沉淀、萃取、等)活化的聚合物或其单元,和/或在活化以后,在合适的条件(例如在低温,在氩气下)储存,或可以立即使用。活化的聚合物或其单元可以与免疫调节剂在任何合适的条件下反应。在一些情况下,在碱和/或催化剂存在下进行该反应。碱/催化剂的非限制性实例包括二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)和4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)。
方法2
在活化试剂或偶联试剂存在下,将一种具有酸端基的聚合物或其单元(例如具有任何合适的分子量的PLA、PLGA)与一种免疫调节剂(例如R848)反应,这在原位将该聚合物或其单元(例如PLA、PLGA)转化为反应性酰化剂,以给出希望的结合物(例如PLA-R848、PLGA-R848)。
偶联剂或活化剂包括但并不局限于:在碳二亚胺(例如EDC或DCC或DIC)存在下使用的活化剂,例如1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)、1-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三唑(HOAt)、3,4-二氢-3-羟基-4-氧代-1,2,3-苯并三嗪(HO-Dhbt)、N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS或HOSu)、五氟苯酚(PFP);无碳二亚胺的活化剂:鏻盐(例如O-苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(二甲氨基)鏻六氟磷酸盐(BOP)、O-苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(吡咯烷基)鏻六氟磷酸盐(PyBOP)、7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(吡咯烷基)鏻六氟磷酸盐(PyAOP));脲鎓盐类(例如O-苯并三唑-1-基氧基三-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓四氟硼酸盐(TBTU)和六氟磷酸盐(HBTU)、O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸盐(HATU)、O-(1,2-二氢-2-氧代-1-吡啶基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基-脲鎓四氟硼酸盐(TPTU));卤脲和卤鏻盐类(例如二(四亚甲基)氟代甲酰胺六氟磷酸盐(BTFFH)、溴三(二甲氨基)鏻六氟磷酸盐(BroP)、溴三吡咯烷基鏻六氟磷酸盐(PyBroP)和氯三吡咯烷基鏻六氟磷酸盐(PyClop));苯并三嗪衍生物(例如O-(3,4-二氢-4-氧代-1,2,3-苯并三嗪-3-基)N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲鎓四氟硼酸盐(TDBTU)和3-(二乙氧基磷酰基氧)-1,2,3-苯并三嗪-4(3H)-酮(DEPBT))。如在此说明的那样,合适溶剂的非限制性实例包括DMF、DCM、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、等。
方法3
免疫调节剂(例如R848)还可以被偶合到羟基封端的聚合物或其单元上。这样的聚合物或其单元包括聚乙二醇、聚丙交酯、聚丙交酯乙交酯共聚物、聚己酸内酯、以及其他类似聚酯、或其单元。通常,如以下进行反应,使用在内酯开环聚合中使用的催化剂,其中具有一般结构(IV)的酰亚胺将与以上提到的聚合物或其单元的末端羟基反应。生成的反应产物(II)经由酯键将媒介物的酰胺连接到聚合物或其单元上。化学式(IV)和(II)的化合物如下:
其中R1=H、OH、SH、NH2,或者取代的或未取代的烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基、或烷氨基;R2=H、烷基、或取代的烷基;Y=N或C;如果Y=N那么R3不存在;或者如果Y=C,那么R3是H、烷基、取代的烷基、或者与R4结合以与它们所连接的吡啶环上的碳原子形成碳环或杂环;在不与R3结合以与它们所连接的吡啶环上的碳原子形成碳环或杂环时,R4是H、或取代的或未取代的烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基、或烷氨基;R4或者与R3结合以与它们所连接的吡啶环上的碳原子形成碳环或杂环;R5是聚合物或其单元;X=C、N、O、或S;R6和R7每一个独立地是H或被取代;并且R9、R10、R11、和R12每一个独立地是H、卤素、OH、硫、NH2、或取代的或未取代的烷基、芳基、杂环的、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷硫基、芳硫基、烷氨基、或芳氨基。
催化剂包括,但并不局限于膦嗪碱、1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)、1,4,7-三氮杂二环癸烯(TBD)、以及N-甲基-1,4,7-三氮杂二环癸烯(MTDB)。其他催化剂在本领域是已知的并已提供,例如在Kamber等人,Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization,Chem.Rev.2007,107,58-13-5840。合适的溶剂的非限制性实例包括亚甲基氯、氯仿、和THF。
在此示出通过这样一种方法完成的反应的一个具体实例:
其中R5-OH包含两个羟基(例如一种二醇,HO-R5-OH),其中每一个都通过与R848相关的酰亚胺的反应功能化。在一些情况下,HO-R5-OH是一种聚二醇(例如聚(碳酸六甲基酯)二醇或聚己酸内酯二醇。
在其中使用聚二醇的实施方案中,可以用一个保护基团(例如叔丁氧羰基)保护二醇基团之一,因此该聚二醇会是具有化学式HO-R5-OP的化合物,其中P是保护基团。与免疫调节剂进行反应从而形成免疫调节剂-R5-OP结合物之后,该保护基团可以被除去,并且这第二个二醇基团可以与任何合适的试剂(例如PLGA,PLA)反应。
方法4
例如像以下图解示出的那样,在一种催化剂存在下,可以经由一种免疫调节剂(例如R848)与一种聚合物或其单元(例如D/L-丙交酯)的一锅法开环聚合形成结合物(例如R848-PLA):
在一个一步方法中,该免疫调节剂和该聚合物或其单元可以结合到包括一种催化剂的单反应混合物中。可以在合适的温度(例如在约150℃)进行该反应,并且可以使用普遍已知的技术分离生成的结合物。合适的催化剂的非限制性实例包括DMAP和乙基己酸锡。
方法5
例如像以下图解示出的那样,在催化剂存在下,可以经由一种免疫调节剂(例如R848)与一种或多种聚合物或其单元(例如D/L-丙交酯和乙交酯)的两步开环聚合形成结合物:
可以首先结合该聚合物或其单元,并且在一些情况下,加热(例如至135℃)以形成一种溶液。可以添加该免疫调节剂到包括聚合物或其单元的溶液中,随后添加一种催化剂(例如乙基己酸锡)。可以使用普遍已知的技术分离生成的结合物。合适的催化剂的非限制性实例包括DMAP和乙基己酸锡。
在一些实施方案中,该免疫调节剂、抗原、和/或靶向部分可以与聚合物基质共价缔合。在一些实施方案中,由一个连接物介导共价缔合作用。在一些实施方案中,该免疫调节剂、抗原、和/或靶向部分可以与聚合物基质非共价缔合。例如,在一些实施方案中,该免疫调节剂、抗原、和/或靶向部分被胶囊化在聚合物基质内、被聚合物基质环绕、和/或被分散遍及聚合物基质。可替代地或额外地,该免疫调节剂、抗原、和/或靶向部可以通过疏水性相互作用、电荷相互作用、范德华力、等与聚合物基质缔合。
这些免疫调节剂还可以被胶囊化在纳米载体内。如果生成的本发明的合成纳米载体满足在此提供的解离关系,那么因此这些纳米载体可以由pH敏感的任何材料构成。这样的合成纳米载体在本领域是熟知的,并且包括聚缩酮纳米载体,pH敏感的脂质体,酸膨胀的、交联的纳米颗粒(例如Griset等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2009,131,2469-2471的那些),这在它们的初始状态是疏水的,但是在细胞内摄作用时转化为亲水结构(一种水凝胶颗粒),以及聚合物纳米颗粒,例如Griset的那些,论文题目为:Delivery of Paclitaxelvia pH-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Prevention of Lung Cancerand Mesothelioma Recurrence,Ohio State University,2003。pH敏感的合成纳米载体还包括以下那些,它们包括在低于6的pH溶解的聚合物,或在酸性pH膨胀的聚合物。在一些实施方案中,这些合成纳米载体是由非聚缩酮材料构成的。在其他实施方案中,这些合成纳米载体不是微胶粒。
多种多样的聚合物和用于从此形成聚合物基质的方法是常规已知的。通常,一种聚合物基质包括一种或多种聚合物。聚合物可以是天然的或非天然的(合成的)聚合物。聚合物可以是均聚物或包括两种或更多种单体的共聚物。在序列方面,共聚物可以是随机的、嵌段的,或者包括随机序列和嵌段序列的组合。典型地,根据本发明的聚合物是有机聚合物。
适合用于本发明的聚合物的实例包括,但并不局限于聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯(例如聚(1,3-二噁烷-2酮))、聚酐(例如聚(癸二酸酐))、聚羟基酸(例如聚(β-羟基烷酸酯))、聚丙基延胡索酸酯(polypropylfumerate)、聚己内酯、聚酰胺(例如聚己内酰胺)、聚缩醛、聚醚、聚酯(例如聚丙交酯、聚乙二醇)、聚(原酸酯)、聚氰基丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氨酯、聚磷腈、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚脲、聚苯乙烯、聚胺、以及多糖类(例如壳聚糖)。
在一些实施方案中,根据本发明的聚合物包括在21C.F.R.§177.2600下已经由美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)批准用于人的聚合物,包括但并不局限于聚酯(例如聚乳酸、聚(乳酸乙醇酸共聚物)、聚己内酯、聚戊内酯、聚(1,3-二噁烷-2酮));聚酐(例如聚(癸二酸酐));聚醚(例如聚乙二醇);聚氨酯;聚甲基丙烯酸酯;聚丙烯酸酯;以及聚氰基丙烯酸酯。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是亲水的。例如,聚合物可以包括阴离子基团(例如磷酸根、硫酸根、羧酸根);阳离子基团(例如季胺基团);或极性基团(例如羟基、硫醇基团、胺基团)。在一些实施方案中,包括亲水的聚合物基质的合成纳米载体在合成纳米载体内产生亲水环境。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是疏水的。在一些实施方案中,包括疏水的聚合物基质的合成纳米载体在合成纳米载体内产生疏水环境。在合成纳米载体内,选择亲水性或疏水性聚合物可以影响要合并(例如偶合)材料的性质。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以用一个或多个部分和/或官能团改性。根据本发明,可以使用多个部分或官能团。在一些实施方案中,可以用PEG、用碳水化合物、和/或用衍生自多糖类的非环状聚缩醛来将聚合物(Papisov,2001,ACS Symposium Series,786:301)改性。
在一些实施方案中,可以用脂类或脂肪酸基团改性聚合物。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸基团可以是丁酸、己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、或廿四烷酸中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸基团可以是棕榈烯酸、油酸、异油酸、亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳烯酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、或芥酸中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是聚酯,包括共聚物,这些共聚物包括乳酸和乙醇酸单元(例如聚(乳酸乙醇酸共聚物)和聚(聚丙交酯乙交酯共聚物)),在此统称为“PLGA”;以及包括乙醇酸单元的均聚物,在此称为“PGA”,以及乳酸单元(例如聚-L-乳酸、聚-D-乳酸、聚-D,L-乳酸、聚-L-丙交酯、聚-D-丙交酯、以及聚-D,L-丙交酯),在此统称为“PLA”。在一些实施方案中,示例性的聚酯包括,例如多羟基酸;PEG共聚物和丙交酯与乙交酯的共聚物(例如PLA-PEG共聚物、PGA-PEG共聚物、PLGA-PEG共聚物),以及它们的衍生物)。在一些实施方案中,聚酯包括,例如聚酐、聚(原酸酯)、聚(原酸酯)-PEG共聚物、聚(己内酯)、聚(己内酯)-PEG共聚物、聚赖氨酸、聚赖氨酸-PEG共聚物、聚(亚乙基亚胺)、聚(亚乙基亚胺)-PEG共聚物、聚(L-丙交酯赖氨酸共聚物)、聚(丝氨酸酯)、聚(4-羟基-L-脯氨酸酯)、聚[α-(4-氨基丁基)-L-乙醇酸]、以及它们的衍生物。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是PLGA。PLGA是一种生物相容的并且生物可降解的乳酸和乙醇酸的共聚物,并且多种形式的PLGA特征在于乳酸∶乙醇酸的比率。乳酸可以是L-乳酸、D-乳酸、或D,L-乳酸。可以通过改变乳酸∶乙醇酸的比率调整PLGA的降解速率。在一些实施方案中,根据本发明,将使用的PLGA特征在于约85∶15、约75∶25、约60∶40、约50∶50、约40∶60、约25∶75、或者约15∶85约的乳酸∶乙醇酸比率。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是一种或多种丙烯酸聚合物。在某些实施方案中,丙烯酸聚合物包括,例如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸氰基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸氨基烷基酯共聚物、聚(丙烯酸)、聚(甲基丙烯酸)、甲基丙烯酸烷基酰胺共聚物、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸酸酐)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸氨基烷基酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物、聚腈基丙烯酸酯、以及包括一种或多种以上聚合物的组合。该丙烯酸聚合物可以包括具有低含量的季铵基团的丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的充分聚合的共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是阳离子聚合物。通常,阳离子聚合物能够缩合和/或保护核酸(例如DNA、RNA、或它们的衍生物)带负电的链。含有胺的聚合物(例如聚(赖氨酸)(Zauner等人,1998,Adv.Drug Del.Rev.,30:97;以及Kabanov等人,1995,Bioconjugate Chem.,6:7)、聚(亚乙基亚胺)(PEI;Boussif等人,1995,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,1995,92:7297)、以及聚(酰胺基胺)树枝状化合物(Kukowska-Latallo等人,1996,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,93:4897;Tang等人,1996,Bioconjugate Chem.,7:703;以及Haensler等人,1993,Bioconjugate Chem.,4:372))在生理pH下是带正电的,在多种细胞系中与核酸形成离子对,并且介导转染。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是带有阳离子侧链的可降解的聚酯(Putnam等人,1999,Macromolecules,32:3658;Barrera等人,1993,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,115:11010;Kwon等人,1989,Macromolecules,22:3250;Lim等人,1999,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,121:5633;以及Zhou等人,1990,Macromolecules,23:3399)。这些聚合物的实例包括聚(L-丙交酯L-赖氨酸共聚物)(Barrera等人,1993,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,115:11010)、聚(丝氨酸酯)(Zhou等人,1990,Macromolecules,23:3399)、聚(4-羟基-L-脯氨酸酯)(Putnam等人,1999,Macromolecules,32:3658;以及Lim等人,1999,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,121:5633)、以及聚(4-羟基-L-脯氨酸酯)(Putnam等人,1999,Macromolecules,32:3658;以及Lim等人,1999,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,121:5633)。
在本领域,这些和其他聚合物的特性以及用于制备它们的方法是熟知的(参见,例如美国专利6,123,727;5,804,178;5,770,417;5,736,372;5,716,404;6,095,148;5,837,752;5,902,599;5,696,175;5,514,378;5,512,600;5,399,665;5,019,379;5,010,167;4,806,621;4,638,045;以及4,946,929;Wang等人,2001,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,123:9480;Lim等人,2001,J.Am.Chem.Sov.,123:2460;Langer,2000,Acc.Chem.Res.,33:94;Langer,1999,J.Control.Release,62:7;以及Uhrich等人,1999,Chem.Rev.,99:3181)。更一般地,在ConciseEncyclopedia of Polymer Science and Polymeric Amines and AmmoniumSalts,Ed.by Goethals,Pergamon Press,1980中;在Principles ofPolymerization by Odian,John Wiley & Sons,Fourth Edition,2004中;在Contemporary Polymer Chemistry by Allcock et al.,Prentice-Hall,1981中;在Deming et al.,1997,Nature,390:386中;以及在美国专利6,506,577、6,632,922、6,686,446、以及6,818,732中说明了用于合成某些合适的聚合物的多种方法。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是直链的或分支的聚合物。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是树枝状化合物。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是实质上彼此交联的。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以实质上不交联。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以根据本发明进行使用而不经过交联步骤。进一步理解,本发明的化合物合成纳米载体可以包括嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物、共混物、混合物、和/或任何以上及其他聚合物的加合物。本领域的那些技术人员将认识到,在此列出的聚合物代表根据本发明可以使用的聚合物的示例性的、而不是全面的清单。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括金属颗粒、量子点、陶瓷颗粒、等。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以任选地包括一种或多种两亲实体。在一些实施方案中,两亲实体可以促进产生具有增加的稳定性、改进的均匀性、或增加的粘度的合成纳米载体。在一些实施方案中,两亲实体可以与脂质膜(例如脂质双分子层、脂质单分子层、等)的内表面相关。根据本发明,在本领域已知的很多两亲实体可以适合用于制造合成纳米载体。这样的两亲实体包括,但并不局限于,磷酸甘油酯;磷脂酰胆碱;二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC);二油烯基磷脂酰基乙醇胺(DOPE);二油烯基氧丙基三乙基铵(DOTMA);二油酰基磷脂酰胆碱;胆固醇;胆固醇酯;二酰基甘油;二酰基甘油琥珀酸酯;二磷脂酰基甘油(DPPG);十六烷醇;脂肪醇(例如聚乙二醇(PEG));聚氧乙烯-9-月桂基醚;表面活性脂肪酸(例如棕榈酸或油酸);脂肪酸;脂肪酸甘油单酯;脂肪酸甘油二酯;脂肪酸酰胺;脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯甘氨胆酸酯;脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯聚山梨醇酯20聚山梨醇酯60聚山梨醇酯65聚山梨醇酯80聚山梨醇酯85聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯;表面活性素;poloxomer;脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯(例如脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯);卵磷脂;溶血卵磷脂;磷脂酰丝氨酸;磷脂酰肌醇;鞘磷脂;磷脂酰乙醇胺(脑磷脂);心磷脂;磷脂酸;脑苷脂;双十六烷基磷酸酯;二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油;硬脂酰胺;十二烷胺;十六烷胺;乙酰基棕榈酸酯;蓖麻油酸甘油酯;十八酸十六烷基酯;肉豆蔻酸异丙酯;四丁酚醛(tyloxapol);聚(乙二醇)5000磷脂酰乙醇胺;聚(乙二醇)400-单硬脂酸酯;磷脂;具有高表面活性剂特性的合成的和/或天然的洗涤剂;脱氧胆酸酯;环糊精;离液序列高的盐;离子对试剂;以及它们的组合。两亲实体组分可以是不同两亲实体的混合物。本领域的那些技术人员将认识到,这是具有表面活性剂活性的物质的示例性的、而不是全面的清单。在产生根据本发明将被使用的合成纳米载体中可以使用任何两亲实体。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以任选地包括一种或多种碳水化合物。碳水化合物可以是天然的或合成的。碳水化合物可以是衍生的天然碳水化合物。在某些实施方案中,碳水化合物包括单糖或二糖,包括但并不局限于葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、核糖、乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、海藻糖、纤维二糖(cellbiose)、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸、葡糖胺、半乳糖胺、以及神经氨酸。在某些实施方案中,碳水化合物是一种多糖,包括但并不局限于支链淀粉、纤维素、微晶纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟基纤维素(HC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、右旋糖酐、环葡聚糖、糖原、淀粉、羟乙基淀粉、角叉菜聚糖、多聚糖(glycon)、直链淀粉、壳聚糖、N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖、褐藻胶和海藻酸、淀粉、甲壳质、肝素、魔芋、葡萄甘露聚糖(glucommannan)、石脐素、肝素、透明质酸、凝胶多糖、以及黄原胶。在某些实施方案中,该碳水化合物是一种糖醇,包括但并不局限于甘露醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、以及乳糖醇。
可以使用多种多样的本领域已知的方法制备合成纳米载体。例如,可以通过如纳米沉淀、使用流体通道的流动聚焦、喷雾干燥、单和双乳液溶剂蒸发、溶剂萃取、相分离、研磨、微乳液步骤、微型品制造、纳米制造、牺牲层、简单和复杂凝聚法的方法,以及本领域的那些普通技术人员熟知的其他方法形成合成纳米载体。可替代地或额外地,已经说明了用于单分散半导体,传导性的、磁性的、有机的、以及其他纳米材料的水性和有机溶剂合成(Pellegrino等人,2005,Small,1:48;Murray等人,2000,Ann.Rev.Mat.Sci.,30:545;以及Trindade等人,2001,Chem.Mat.,13:3843)。在文献中已经说明了附加方法(参见,例如Doubrow,Ed.,“Microcapsules and Nanoparticlesin Medicine and Pharmacy,”CRC Press,Boca Raton,1992;Mathiowitz等人,1987,J.Control.Release,5:13;Mathiowitz等人,1987,Reactive Polymers,6:275;以及Mathiowitz等人,1988,J.Appl.Polymer Sci.,35:755,以及还有美国专利5578325和6007845)。
在某些实施方案中,通过纳米沉淀工艺或喷雾干燥来制备合成纳米载体。可以改变在制备合成纳米载体中使用的条件以产生具有希望的大小和特性(例如疏水性、亲水性、外部形态学、“粘性”、形状、等)的颗粒。制备合成纳米载体的方法和使用的条件(例如溶剂、温度、浓度、空气流速、等)可以取决于有待偶合到合成纳米载体上的材料和/或该聚合物基质的构成。
如果通过任何以上方法制备的颗粒具有在希望的范围外的大小范围,那么可以按大小分类这些颗粒,例如使用一个筛。
可以按多种不同的方式达到偶合,并且可以是共价的或非共价的。这些偶合可以安排在一个表面上或安排在本发明的纳米载体内。本发明的合成纳米载体的元件(例如免疫特征表面所包括的部分、靶向部分、聚合物基质、以及类似物质)可以直接彼此偶合,例如通过一个或多个共价键,或者可以借助一个或多个连接物进行偶合。可以从Saltzman等人的公开美国专利申请2006/0002852、DeSimone等人的公开美国专利申请2009/0028910、或Murthy等人的公开国际专利申请WO/2008/127532A1改变官能化合成纳米载体的附加方法。
根据本发明,可以使用任何合适的连接物。连接物可以用于形成酰胺键、酯键、二硫键、等。连接物可以含有碳原子或杂原子(例如氮、氧、硫、等)。在一些实施方案中,连接物是脂肪族的或杂脂肪族的连接物。在一些实施方案中,该连接物是聚烷基连接物。在某些实施方案中,该连接物是聚醚连接物。在某些实施方案中,该连接物是聚乙烯连接物。在某些特定实施方案中,该连接物是聚乙二醇(PEG)连接物。
在一些实施方案中,该连接物是可切割的连接物。为了给出但是一些实例,可切割的连接物包括蛋白酶可切割的肽连接物、核酸酶敏感的核酸连接物、脂肪酶敏感的脂质连接物、糖苷酶敏感的碳水化合物连接物、pH敏感的连接物、低氧敏感的连接物、可以光切割的连接物、不耐热的连接物、可以酶切割的连接物(例如可以酯酶切割的连接物)、超声波敏感的连接物、可以X射线切割的连接物、等。在一些实施方案中,该连接物不是可切割的连接物。
多种方法可以用于偶合连接物或合成纳米载体的其他元件与该合成纳米载体。一般的策略包括被动吸附(例如经由静电相互作用)、多价螯合作用、特异性结合对的成员之间的高亲和力非共价结合、共价键形成、等(Gao等,2005,Curr.Op.Biotechnol.,16:63)。在一些实施方案中,可以使用点击化学来缔合材料与合成纳米载体。
可以采用非共价特异结合相互作用。例如,可以用生物素官能化一种颗粒、亦或一种生物分子,该生物素具有其他被链霉亲和素官能化的物质。这两部分彼此非共价特异性结合并且具有高亲和力,因此缔合颗粒和生物分子。可以类似地使用其他特异性结合对。可替代地,组氨酸标记的生物分子可以与结合镍-次氮基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)的颗粒缔合。
对于关于偶合的额外综合信息,参见期刊Bioconjugate Chemistry,由American Chemical Society出版,Columbus OH,PO Box 3337,Columbus,OH,43210;“Cross-Linking,”Pierce Chemical Technical Library,在Pierce网址和1994-95 Pierce Catalog中的初次出版中可得,以及其中引用的参考文献;Wong SS,Chemistry of Protein Conjugation and Cross-linking,CRCPress Publishers,Boca Raton,1991;以及Hermanson,G.T.,BioconjugateTechniques,Academic Press,Inc.,San Diego,1996。
已理解可以按任何合适的方式制造这些本发明的组合物,并且本发明绝不局限于可以使用在此说明的方法生产的组合物。选择适当方法可以要求关注相关的具体部分的特性。
药物组合物和使用方法
根据本发明的组合物包括与药学上可接受的赋形剂结合的本发明的合成纳米载体。可以使用常规药学制造和配料技术制造该组合物,以达到有用的剂型。在一个实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体悬浮在无菌盐溶液中,用于与防腐剂一起注射。
在一些实施方案中,在无菌条件下制造本发明的合成纳米载体,或将其最终灭菌。这可以确保生成的组合物是无菌的并且非传染性的,因此在与非无菌组合物比较时改进了安全性。这提供了有价值的安全措施,特别是当接受合成纳米载体的受试者具有免疫缺陷、遭受感染,和/或对感染敏感时。在一些实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体可以被冻干并储存在悬浮液中、或作为冻干的粉末,这取决于针对不失活的延长时段的配制策略。
本发明的组合物可以通过多种给药途径给予,包括但并不局限于:皮下的、肌内、真皮内的、口服、肠胃外的、鼻内的、经粘膜的、直肠;眼的、经皮的、经皮肤的、或者通过这些途径的组合。
在此说明的组合物和方法可以用于诱导、增强、刺激、调节、或指导免疫应答。在此说明的组合物和方法可以用于诊断、预防和/或治疗病情,例如癌、传染病、代谢病、退行性疾病、炎性疾病、免疫疾病、或其他失调和/或病情。在此说明的组合物和方法还可以用于预防或治疗依赖症,例如对烟碱或那可丁的依赖症。在此说明的组合物和方法还可以用于预防和/或治疗由于暴露于毒素、危险物质、环境毒素、或其他有害媒介物而导致的病情。
实例
实例1:制备活化聚合物
将PLA(dl-聚丙交酯)(来自Boehringer-Ingelheim的ResomerR202H,0.21mmol/g的KOH当量酸值,特性粘度:(iv):0.21dl/g)(10g,2.1mmol,1.0eq)溶解在二氯甲烷(DCM)(35mL)中。添加EDC(2.0g,10.5mmol,5eq)和NHS(1.2g,10.5mmol,5eq)。用超声处理的助剂溶解这些固体。在室温下搅拌生成的溶液6天。浓缩该溶液以除去多数DCM,并且将剩余物添加至250mL的乙醚和5mL的MeOH的溶液中,以沉淀出活化的PLA-NHS酯。除去溶剂并且用醚(2x200mL)洗涤该聚合物两次,并且在真空下干燥以给出PLA-NHS活化酯,为一种白色泡沫状固体(回收约8g,使用H NMR来证实NHS酯的存在)。在使用前,在低于-10℃冷冻箱中,在氩气下储存该PLA-NHS酯。
可替代地,可以取代DCM,在DMF、THF、二噁烷或CHCl3中进行该反应。可以使用DCC取代EDC(在从醚沉淀PLA-NHS酯前,过滤出生成的DCC-脲)。EDC或DCC和NHS的量可以在2-10eq的PLA的范围内。
以相同的方式,将具有0.33dl/g的iv并且酸值为0.11mmol/g的PLA或PLGA(Resomer RG653H,65%丙交酯-35%乙交酯,iv:0.39dl/g并且酸值0.08mmol/g)或PLGA(Resomer RG752H,75%丙交酯-25%乙交酯,iv:0.19dl/g并且酸值为0.22mmol/g)转化为对应的PLA-NHS或PLGA-NHS活化酯,并且在使用前,在低于-10℃冷冻箱中,在氩气下储存。
实例2:制备活化聚合物
在10mL的干乙腈中溶解PLA(R202H,0.21mmol/g的酸值)(2.0g,0.42mmol,1.0eq)。添加N,N’-二琥珀酰亚胺碳酸酯(DSC)(215mg,1.26mmol,3.0eq)和催化剂量的4-(N,N-二甲氨基)吡啶(DMAP)。在氩气下,搅拌生成的混合物1天。浓缩生成的溶液至几乎干燥。然后添加剩余物至40mL的醚中以沉淀出用醚(2x30mL)洗涤两次的聚合物,并且在真空下干燥以给出PLA-NHS活化酯(1H NMR示出NHS酯的量在约80%)。
实例3:制备活化聚合物
在25mL的无水DCM和2.5mL的无水DMF中溶解PLA(R202H)(5.0g,1.05mmol)。添加DCC(650mg,3.15mmol,5.0eq)和五氟苯酚(PFP)(580mg,3.15mmol,5.0eq)。在室温下搅拌生成的溶液6天,并且然后浓缩以除去DCM。生成的剩余物被添加至250mL的醚中以沉淀出用醚(2x100mL)洗涤的活化PLA聚合物,并且在真空下干燥以给出PLA-PFP活化酯,为一种白色泡沫状固体(4.0g)。
实例4:结合免疫调节剂
在氩气下,在2mL的干DMF中溶解PLA-NHS(1.0g)、R848(132mg,0.42mmol)、和二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.073mL,0.42mmol)。在50℃-60℃加热生成的溶液2天。冷却该溶液至室温并且添加40mL的去离子(DI)水以沉淀出聚合物产物。然后用DI水(40mL)和醚(2x40mL)洗涤该聚合物,并且在30℃,在真空下干燥以给出R848-PLA结合物,为一种白色泡沫状固体(0.8g,H NMR示出R848经由酰胺键结合至PLA)。R848在聚合物上的结合(加载)程度通过如下HPLC分析证实:称出重量的聚合物在THF/MeOH中溶解,并且用15%NaOH处理。通过与标准曲线比较的HPLC,分析生成的水解聚合物产物的R848的量。
实例5:结合免疫调节剂
在氩气下,在2mL的干DMF中溶解PLA-NHS(1.0g,0.21mmol,1.0eq)、R848(132mg,0.42mmol,2.0eq)、DIPEA(0.15mL,0.84mmol,4.0eq)和DMAP(25mg,0.21mmol,1.0eq)。在50℃-60℃加热生成的溶液2天。冷却该溶液至室温并且添加40mL的去离子(DI)水以沉淀出聚合物产物。然后用DI水(40mL)和醚(2x40mL)洗涤该聚合物,并且在30℃,在真空下干燥以给出PLA-R848结合物,为一种白色泡沫状固体(0.7g,20mg的聚合物在0.2mL的THF、0.1mL的MeOH和0.1mL的15%NaOH的溶液中水解)。通过反相高效液相色谱法分析(C18柱,流动相A:在水中0.1%TFA,流动相B:在CH3CN中0.1%TFA,梯度)确定在聚合物上的R848的量为约35mg/g。
实例6:结合免疫调节剂
在4mL的干DMF中溶解PLA(R202H)(2.0g,0.42mmol,1.0eq)、DCC(260mg,1.26mmol,3.0eq)、NHS(145mg,1.26mmol,3.0eq)、R848(200mg,0.63mmol,1.5eq)、DMAP(77mg,0.63mmol,1.5eq)和DIPEA(0.223mL,1.26mmol,3.0eq)。在50℃-55℃加热该混合物3天。冷却该混合物至室温并且用DCM稀释。过滤掉DCC-脲,并且浓缩滤液以除去DCM。将在DMF中的生成的剩余物添加至水(40mL)中以沉淀出用水(40mL)、醚/DCM(40mL/4mL)和醚(40mL)洗涤的聚合物产物。在30℃,在真空下干燥后,获得希望的PLA-R848结合物,为一种白色泡沫状固体(1.5g)。
实例7:结合免疫调节剂
在4mL的干DMF中溶解PLA(R202H)(2.0g,0.42mmol,1.0eq)、EDC(242mg,1.26mmol,3.0eq)、HOAt(171mg,1.26mmol,3.0eq)、R848(200mg,0.63mmol,1.5eq)和DIPEA(0.223mL,1.26mmol,3.0eq)。在50℃-55℃加热该混合物2天。冷却该溶液至室温,并且添加至水(40mL)中以沉淀出用水(40mL)、醚/MeOH(40mL/2mL)和醚(40mL)洗涤的聚合物产物。在4mL的DCM中溶解橙色聚合物,并且添加生成的溶液至40mL的醚中以沉淀出没有主要橙色的聚合物。用醚(40mL)洗涤浅色聚合物。在30℃,在真空下干燥后,获得希望的PLA-R848结合物,为一种浅褐色泡沫状固体(1.5g)。
实例8:结合免疫调节剂
在2mL的干DMF中溶解PLA(R202H)(1.0g,0.21mmol,1.0eq)、EDC(161mg,0.84mmol,4.0eq)、HOAt.H2O(65mg,0.42mmol,2.0eq)、R848(132mg,0.42mmol,2.0eq)和DIPEA(0.150mL,0.84mmol,4.0eq)。在50℃-55℃加热该混合物2天。冷却该溶液至室温并且添加至水(40mL)中以沉淀出聚合物产物。在2mL的DCM中溶解该橙色聚合物并且添加生成的溶液至40mL的醚中以沉淀出用水/丙酮(40mL/2mL)和醚(40mL)洗涤的聚合物。在30℃,在真空下干燥后,获得希望的PLA-R848结合物,为一种灰白色泡沫状固体(1.0g,基于HPLC分析并且通过1H NMR证实,在聚合物上加载的R848为约45mg/g)。以相同的方式,制备PLGA(75%丙交酯)-R848和PLGA(50%丙交酯)-R848。
实例9:结合免疫调节剂
向装备有搅拌棒和冷凝器的双颈圆底烧瓶添加咪唑并喹啉瑞喹莫德(R-848、218mg,6.93X10-4摩尔)、D/L丙交酯(1.0g,6.93X10-3摩尔)和无水硫酸钠(800mg)。在55℃,真空下干燥该烧瓶和内容物8小时。在冷却后,然后用氩气冲洗该烧瓶并且添加甲苯(50mL)。在设定在120℃的油浴中搅拌该反应直至丙交酯已经溶解,然后经由移液管添加乙基己酸锡(19mg,15μL)。然后在氩气下持续加热16小时。冷却后,用醚(200mL)稀释该反应,并且然后用水洗涤(200mL)该溶液。在硫酸镁上干燥该溶液,过滤并在真空下蒸发以给出880mg粗聚乳酸-R-848结合物。使用在亚甲基氯中的10%甲醇作为洗脱液,在硅石上用色谱法分析粗聚合物。收集含有该结合物的部分,并且蒸发以给出纯化的结合物。在高真空下将其干燥以提供结合物,为一种产量为702mg(57.6%)的固体泡沫。通过整合该喹啉的芳香族质子的NMR信号,并且将它与乳酸CH质子的整合强度比较,确定该结合物的分子量为约2KD。GPC示出该结合物含有小于5%的游离R848。
实例10:制备低MW PLA-R848结合物
在室温,在氩气下搅拌在EtOAc(120mL)中的PLA-CO2H(平均MW:950,DPI:1.32;5.0g,5.26mmol)和HBTU(4.0g,10.5mmol)的溶液45分钟。添加化合物R848(1.65g,5.26mmol),随后添加DIPEA(5.5mL,31.6mmol)。在室温下搅拌该混合物6h,并且然后在50℃-55℃搅拌15h。在冷却后,用EtOAc(150mL)稀释该混合物,并且用1%柠檬酸溶液(2x40mL)、水(40mL)和盐水溶液(40mL)洗涤。在Na2SO4(10g)上干燥该溶液并且浓缩至凝胶状剩余物。然后添加甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)(150mL)并且从溶液中沉淀出该聚合物结合物。然后用MTBE(50mL)洗涤该聚合物,并且在室温,在真空下干燥2天,为一种白色泡沫(5.3g,通过GPC,平均MW为1200,PDI:1.29;通过HPLC,R848加载为20%)。
实例11:制备低MW PLA-R848结合物
在室温,在氩气下搅拌在EtOAc(120mL)中的PLA-CO2H(平均MW:1800,DPI:1.44;9.5g,5.26mmol)和HBTU(4.0g,10.5mmol)的溶液45分钟。添加化合物R848(1.65g,5.26mmol),随后添加DIPEA(5.5mL,31.6mmol)。在室温下搅拌该混合物6h,并且然后在50℃-55℃搅拌15h。在冷却后,用EtOAc(150mL)稀释该混合物,并且用1%柠檬酸溶液(2x40mL)、水(40mL)和盐水溶液(40mL)洗涤。在Na2SO4(10g)上干燥该溶液并且浓缩至凝胶状剩余物。然后添加甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)(150mL)并且从溶液中沉淀出该聚合物结合物。然后用MTBE(50mL)洗涤该聚合物,并且在室温,在真空下干燥2天,为一种白色泡沫(9.5g,通过GPC,平均MW为1900,PDI:1.53;通过HPLC,R848加载为17%)。
实例12:经由酰亚胺开环作用结合R848至PCADK
根据在Pulendran等人,WO 2008/127532中提供的、在以下步骤1说明的方法,以下实例说明了一种聚缩酮PCADK的合成。
在连接短程蒸馏头的50mL双颈烧瓶中合成PCADK。首先,在6.82mL的乙酸乙酯中溶解5.5mg的重结晶的对甲苯磺酸(0.029mmol,Aldrich,St.Louis,MO),并且添加至30mL苯溶液(保持在100℃),它含有1,4-环己烷二甲醇(12.98g,90.0mmol,Aldrich)。允许乙酸乙酯汽化,并且添加蒸馏的2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(10.94mL,90.0mmol,Aldrich)至苯溶液,引发聚合反应。在6小时内,每小时经由一个计量漏斗随后添加额外剂量的2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(5mL)和苯(25mL)至该反应,以补偿蒸发掉的2,2-二甲氧基丙烷和苯。8小时后,通过添加500μL三乙胺停止反应。通过在冷己烷(储存在-20℃)中沉淀,随后进行真空过滤,分离该聚合物。通过装备有紫外线分光光度检测器的凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)(Shimadzu,Kyoto,Japan)确定PCADK的分子量。在1ml/min的流速下,将THF用作流动相。将来自Polymer Laboratories(Amherst,MA)的聚苯乙烯标准用于建立分子量校准曲线。在所有随后的实验中,这一化合物用于产生PCADK颗粒。
经由酰亚胺开环作用,根据以下示出的步骤2,可以将R848结合至具有6000分子量的PCADK的末端醇基。
步骤1:制备PCADK
步骤2:结合PCADK至R848
在步骤2,在100mL亚甲基氯中溶解来自步骤1的聚合物(12g,2.0x10-3摩尔),并且添加R848的内酰胺(3.3g,8.0x10-3摩尔)。搅拌这一浆料,同时以单独的一份添加1,5,7-三氮杂二环-[4,4,0]-5-癸烯(TBD,0.835g,6X10-3摩尔)。在室温下搅拌过夜后,形成澄清溶液。用亚甲基氯(100mL)稀释该溶液,并且用5%柠檬酸洗涤该溶液。在硫酸钠上干燥这一溶液,在这以后,过滤并在真空下蒸发。在高真空下干燥后,获得11.3克(81%)的聚合物。在酸中水解一部分,并且确定R848含量为按重量计9%。
实例13:经由酰亚胺开环作用结合R848至聚己酸内酯二醇
酰亚胺开环作用被用于附连R854至具有2000分子量的聚己酸内酯二醇的末端醇基。从Aldrich Chemical Company购买聚己酸内酯二醇,Cat.#189421,并且具有以下结构:
聚己酸内酯二醇-R854结合物具有以下结构:
在25mL亚甲基氯中溶解该聚合物(5g,2.5x10-3摩尔),并且添加R854的内酰胺(2.4g,5.0x10-3摩尔)。搅拌这一浆料,同时以单独的一份添加1,5,7-三氮杂二环-[4,4,0]-5-癸烯(TBD,0.557g,4X10-3摩尔)。在室温下搅拌15分钟后,形成澄清淡黄色溶液。用亚甲基氯(100mL)稀释该溶液,并且用5%柠檬酸洗涤该溶液。在硫酸钠上干燥这一溶液,在这以后,过滤并在真空下蒸发。在高真空下干燥后,获得5.2克(70%)的聚合物。在酸中水解一部分,并且确定R848含量为按重量计18.5%。
实例14:经由酰亚胺开环作用结合R848至聚(碳酸六亚甲基酯)二醇
酰亚胺开环作用被用于附连R848至具有2000分子量的聚(碳酸六亚甲基酯)二醇的末端醇基。从Aldrich Chemical Company购买聚(碳酸六亚甲基酯)二醇,Cat#461164,并且具有以下结构:
HO-[CH2(CH2)4CH2OCO2]nCH2(CH2)4CH2-OH.
聚(碳酸六亚甲基酯)二醇-R848结合物具有以下结构:
在25mL亚甲基氯中溶解该聚合物(5g,2.5x10-3摩尔),并且添加R848的内酰胺(2.06g,5.0x10-3摩尔)。搅拌这一浆料,同时以单独的一份添加1,5,7-三氮杂二环-[4,4,0]-5-癸烯(TBD,0.557g,4X10-3摩尔)。在室温下搅拌过夜后,形成澄清淡黄色溶液。用亚甲基氯(100mL)稀释该溶液,并且用5%柠檬酸洗涤该溶液。在硫酸钠上干燥这一溶液,在这以后,过滤并在真空下蒸发。在高真空下干燥后,获得5.9克(84%)的聚合物。NMR用于确定R848含量,确定R848含量为21%。
实例15:使用一种乙基己酸锡催化剂的咪唑并喹啉的聚乳酸结合物
向装备有搅拌棒和冷凝器的双颈圆底烧瓶添加咪唑并喹啉瑞喹莫德(R-848、100mg,3.18X10-4摩尔)、D/L丙交酯(5.6gm,3.89X10-2摩尔)和无水硫酸钠(4.0g)。在50℃,真空下干燥该烧瓶和内容物8小时。然后用氩气冲洗该烧瓶并且添加甲苯(100mL)。在设定在120℃的油浴中搅拌该反应直至所有丙交酯已经溶解,然后经由移液管添加乙基己酸锡(75mg,60μL)。然后在氩气下持续加热16小时。在冷却以后,添加水(20mL)并且持续搅拌30分钟。用添加的甲苯(200mL)稀释该反应,并且然后用水洗涤(200mL)。然后依次用含有5%浓盐酸的10%氯化钠溶液(200mL)洗涤该甲苯溶液,随后用饱和碳酸氢钠(200mL)洗涤。TLC(硅石,在亚甲基氯中的10%甲醇)示出该溶液不含有游离的R-848。在硫酸镁上干燥该溶液,过滤并在真空下蒸发以给出3.59克聚乳酸-R-848结合物。在碱中水解一部分聚合物,并且通过HPLC检查R-848含量。通过与R-848浓度相对HPLC反应的标准曲线比较,确定该聚合物含有4.51mg R-848每克聚合物。通过GPC确定该聚合物的分子量为约19,000。
实例16:咪唑并喹啉的低分子量聚乳酸结合物
向装备有搅拌棒和冷凝器的双颈圆底烧瓶添加咪唑并喹啉瑞喹莫德(R-848、218mg,6.93X10-4摩尔)、D/L丙交酯(1.0g,6.93X10-3摩尔)和无水硫酸钠(800mg)。在55℃,真空下干燥该烧瓶和内容物8小时。在冷却后,然后用氩气冲洗该烧瓶并且添加甲苯(50mL)。在设定在120℃的油浴中搅拌该反应直至丙交酯已经溶解,然后经由移液管添加乙基己酸锡(19mg,15μL)。然后在氩气下持续加热16小时。冷却后,用醚(200mL)稀释该反应,并且然后用水洗涤(200mL)该溶液。在硫酸镁上干燥该溶液,过滤并在真空下蒸发以给出880mg粗聚乳酸-R-848结合物。使用在亚甲基氯中的10%甲醇作为洗脱液,在硅石上用色谱法分析粗聚合物。收集含有该结合物的部分,并且蒸发以给出纯化的结合物。在高真空下将其干燥以提供结合物,为一种产量为702mg(57.6%)的固体泡沫。通过整合该喹啉的芳香族质子的NMR信号,并且将它与乳酸CH质子的整合强度比较,确定该结合物的分子量为约2KD。GPC示出该结合物含有小于5%的游离R848。
实例17:咪唑并喹啉的低分子量聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物结合物
向装备有搅拌棒和冷凝器的双颈圆底烧瓶添加咪唑并喹啉瑞喹莫德(R-848,436mg,1.39X10-3摩尔)、乙交酯(402mg,3.46X10-3摩尔)、D/L丙交酯(2.0g,1.39X10-2摩尔)和无水硫酸钠(1.6g)。在55℃,真空下干燥该烧瓶和内容物8小时。在冷却后,然后用氩气冲洗该烧瓶并且添加甲苯(60mL)。在设定在120℃的油浴中搅拌该反应直至所有R848、乙交酯和丙交酯已经溶解,并且然后经由移液管添加乙基己酸锡(50mg,39μL)。然后在氩气下持续加热16小时。在冷却后,用乙酸乙酯(200mL)稀释该反应,并且用水洗涤(200mL)该溶液。在硫酸镁上干燥该溶液,过滤并在真空下蒸发以给出粗PLGA-R-848结合物。使用在亚甲基氯中的10%甲醇作为洗脱液,在硅石上用色谱法分析粗聚合物。收集含有该结合物的部分,并且蒸发以给出纯化的结合物。在高真空下将其干燥以提供结合物,为一种产量为1.55g(54.6%)的固体泡沫。通过整合该喹啉的芳香族质子的NMR信号,并且将它与乳酸CH质子的整合强度比较,确定该结合物的分子量为约2KD。GPC示出该结合物含有不可检出的游离R848。
实例18:使用一种二异丙氨基锂催化作用的咪唑并喹啉的聚乳酸结合
在使用前,咪唑并喹啉(R-848)、D/L丙交酯和相关玻璃器皿都在50℃,在真空下干燥8小时。向装备有搅拌棒和冷凝器的圆底烧瓶添加R-848(33mg,1.05X10-4摩尔)、和干甲苯(5mL)。加热它至回流以溶解所有的R-848。在氮气下搅拌该溶液,并且冷却至室温以提供精细分散的R-848悬浮液。向这一悬浮液添加二异丙氨基锂溶液(在THF中2.0M,50μL,1.0x10-4摩尔),此后在室温下持续搅拌5分钟。在氮气下,经由注射器将已经形成的淡黄色溶液添加至D/L丙交酯热(120℃)溶液(1.87g,1.3x10-2摩尔)。移去加热,并且在室温下搅拌该淡黄色溶液一小时。用亚甲基氯(200mL)稀释该溶液,并且然后用1%盐酸(2x50mL)洗涤它,随后用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(50mL)洗涤。在硫酸镁上干燥该溶液,过滤并在真空下蒸发以给出聚乳酸-R-848结合物。TLC(硅石,在亚甲基氯中的10%甲醇)示出该溶液不含有游离的R-848。在亚甲基氯(10mL)中溶解聚合物并且将这一溶液滴入搅拌的己烷(200mL)中。通过倾析法分离沉淀的聚合物,并且在真空下干燥以给出1.47克聚乳酸-R-848结合物,为一种白色固体。在碱中水解一部分聚合物,并且通过HPLC检查R-848含量。通过与R-848浓度相对HPLC反应的标准曲线比较,确定该聚合物含有10.96mg R-848每克聚合物。
实例19:附着免疫调节剂至低MW PLA
在二氯甲烷(DCM)(35mL)中溶解具有MW5000的PLA(D/L-聚丙交酯)(10.5g,2.1mmol,1.0eq)。添加EDC(2.0g,10.5mmol,5eq)和NHS(1.2g,10.5mmol,5eq)。在室温下搅拌生成的溶液3天。浓缩该溶液以除去多数DCM,并且将剩余物添加至250mL的乙醚和5mL的MeOH的溶液中,以沉淀出活化的PLA-NHS酯。除去溶剂并且用醚(2x200mL)洗涤该聚合物两次,并且在真空下干燥以给出PLA-NHS活化酯,为一种白色泡沫状固体(回收约8g,可以使用1H NMR证实NHS酯的存在)。在使用前,在低于-10℃冷冻箱中,在氩气下储存该PLA-NHS酯。
可替代地,可以取代DCM,在DMF、THF、二噁烷或CHCl3中进行该反应。可以使用DCC取代EDC(在从醚沉淀PLA-NHS酯前,过滤出生成的DCC-脲)。EDC或DCC和NHS的量可以在2-10eq的PLA的范围内。
实例20:附着免疫调节剂至低MW PLGA
以与以上提供的用于聚合物活化的相同方式,将具有50%至75%乙交酯的低MW PLGA转化为对应PLGA-NHS活化酯,并且在使用前,在低于-10℃冷冻箱中,在氩气下储存。
实例21:在催化剂存在下,R848与D/L-丙交酯的一锅法开环聚合
缓慢加热在2mL无水甲苯中的R848(0.2mmol,63mg)、D/L-丙交酯(40mmol,5.8g)和4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)(50mg,0.4mmol)的混合物至150℃(油浴温度),并且保持在这一温度18h(在3hr以后,无R848剩余)。冷却该混合物至环境温度,并且用水(50mL)骤冷生成的混合物以沉淀出生成的聚合物,R848-PLA。然后依次用每次45mL的MeOH、iPrOH、和乙醚洗涤该聚合物。在30℃,在真空下干燥该聚合物以给出灰白色膨突固体(5.0g)。通过在CDCl3中的1H NMR证实聚合物结构。通过反相高效液相色谱法,用THF/MeOH中的2N NaOH aq处理小样品的聚合物以确定在聚合物上加载的R848。加载的R848为3mg每克聚合物(0.3%加载-理论上的27.5%)
实例22:R848与D/L-丙交酯和乙交酯的两步开环聚合
在氩气下,加热D/L-丙交酯(10.8g,0.075摩尔)和乙交酯(2.9g,0.025摩尔)混合物至135℃。一旦所有材料已经融化并且生成澄清溶液,添加R848(1.08g,3.43X10-3摩尔)。在135℃,在缓慢的氩气流下搅拌这一溶液一小时。添加乙基己酸锡(150μL)并且持续加热4小时。冷却以后,将固体淡褐色块溶解在亚甲基氯(250mL)中,并且用5%酒石酸溶液(2x200mL)洗涤该溶液。在硫酸镁上干燥该亚甲基氯溶液,过滤,并且然后在真空下浓缩。在亚甲基氯(20mL)中溶解剩余物,并且在搅拌下添加2-丙醇(250mL)。通过倾析2-丙醇分离分开的聚合物,并且在高真空下干燥。NMR示出该聚合物是具有4000的分子量的71.4%丙交酯和28.6%乙交酯。通过NMR,加载的R848接近理论值。
实例23:制备PLGA-R848结合物
在室温,在氩气下搅拌在无水EtOAc(160mL)中的PLGA(Lakeshores聚合物,MW约5000,7525DLG1A,酸值0.7mmol/g,10g,7.0mmol)和HBTU(5.3g,14mmol)混合物50分钟。添加化合物R848(2.2g,7mmol),随后添加二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(5mL,28mmol)。在室温下搅拌该混合物6h,并且然后在50℃-55℃过夜(约16h)。在冷却后,用EtOAc(200mL)稀释该混合物,并且用饱和NH4Cl溶液(2x40mL)、水(40mL)和盐水溶液(40mL)洗涤。在Na2SO4(20g)上干燥该溶液并且浓缩至凝胶状剩余物。然后添加异丙醇(IPA)(300mL)并且从溶液中沉淀出该聚合物结合物。然后用IPA(4x50mL)洗涤该聚合物以除去残留试剂,并且在35℃-40℃,在真空下干燥3天,为一种白色粉末(10.26g,通过GPC,MW为5200,通过HPLC,R848加载为12%)。
实例24:制备PLGA-854A结合物
在室温,在氩气下搅拌在无水EtOAc(20mL)中的PLGA(Lakeshores聚合物,MW约5000,7525DLG1A,酸值0.7mmol/g,1.0g,7.0mmol)和HBTU(0.8g,2.1mmol)混合物45分钟。添加化合物845A(0.29g,0.7mmol),随后添加二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.73mL,4.2mmol)。在室温下搅拌该混合物6h,并且然后在50℃-55℃过夜(约15h)。在冷却后,用EtOAc(100mL)稀释该混合物,并且用饱和NH4Cl溶液(2x20mL)、水(20mL)和盐水溶液(20mL)洗涤。在Na2SO4(10g)上干燥该溶液并且浓缩至凝胶状剩余物。然后添加异丙醇(IPA)(40mL)并且从溶液中沉淀出该聚合物结合物。然后用IPA(4x25mL)洗涤该聚合物以除去残留试剂,并且在35℃-40℃,在真空下干燥2天,为一种白色粉末(1.21g,通过GPC,MW为4900,通过HPLC,854A加载为14%)。
实例25:制备PLGA-BBHA结合物
在室温,在氩气下搅拌在无水EtOAc(30mL)中的PLGA(Lakeshores聚合物,MW约5000,7525DLG1A,酸值0.7mmol/g,1.0g,7.0mmol)和HBTU(0.8g,2.1mmol)混合物30分钟。添加在2mL干DMSO中的化合物BBHA(0.22g,0.7mmol),随后添加二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.73mL,4.2mmol)。在室温下搅拌该混合物20h。添加额外量的HBTU(0.53g,1.4mmol)和DIPEA(0.5mL,2.8mmol),并且在50℃-55℃加热该混合物4h。在冷却后,用EtOAc(100mL)稀释该混合物,并且用饱和NH4Cl溶液(20mL)、水(2x20mL)和盐水溶液(20mL)洗涤。在Na2SO4(10g)上干燥该溶液并且浓缩至凝胶状剩余物。然后添加异丙醇(IPA)(35mL)并且从溶液中沉淀出该褐色聚合物结合物。然后用IPA(2x20mL)洗涤该聚合物以除去残留试剂,并且在35℃-40℃,在真空下干燥2天,为一种褐色粉末(1.1g)。
实例26:结合R848至聚甘氨酸,一种聚酰胺
通过Aliferis等人的方法(Biomacromolecules,5,1653,(2004)),使用6-氨基己酸苯甲基酯(Aldrich cat#S33465),通过甘氨酸N-羧酸酐(Aldrichcat#369772)的开环聚合制备叔丁氧羰基(tBOC)保护的聚甘氨酸羧酸(I)。端氨基的保护,如t-BOC氨基甲酸酯,随后在钯碳上氢化以除去苯甲基酯,完成BOC保护的聚甘氨酸羧酸(I)的合成。
在室温,在氩气下,搅拌在无水DMF(100mL)中的BOC保护的聚甘氨酸羧酸的混合物(5gm,MW=2000,2.5x10-3摩尔)和HBTU(3.79gm,1.0x10-2摩尔)50分钟。然后添加R848(1.6gm,5.0X10-3摩尔),随后添加二异丙基乙胺(4mL,2.2x10-2摩尔)。在RT搅拌该混合物6h,并且然后在50℃-55℃过夜(约16h)。冷却后,在真空下蒸发DMF并且在EtOAc(100mL)中研磨剩余物。通过过滤分离该聚合物,并且然后用2-丙醇(4x25mL)洗涤该聚合物以除去残留试剂,并且在35℃-40℃,在真空下干燥3天。分离该聚合物,为一种灰白色固体,产量为5.1g(88%)。可以通过NMR确定R848加载为10.1%。
使用三氟乙酸除去t-BOC保护基,并且通过常规方法,将生成的聚合物接枝到具有羧基端基的PLA。
实例27:制备聚甘氨酸/R848聚合物的一种PLGA结合物
步骤1:在三氟乙酸(25mL)中溶解t-BOC保护的聚甘氨酸/R848结合物(5g),并且在50℃加热这一溶液一小时。冷却后,在真空下除去三氟乙酸,并且在乙酸乙酯(25mL)中研磨剩余物。通过过滤分离该聚合物,并且用2-丙醇很好地洗涤。在真空下干燥后,获得4.5克的聚合物,为一种灰白色固体。
步骤2:在RT,在氩气下搅拌在无水DMF(100mL)中的PLGA(Lakeshores聚合物,MW约5000,7525DLG1A,酸值0.7mmol/g,10g,7.0mmol)和HBTU(5.3g,14mmol)混合物50分钟。添加来自以上溶解在干DMF(20mL)中的聚合物(1.4g,7mmol),随后添加二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(5mL,28mmol)。在RT搅拌该混合物6h,并且然后在50℃-55℃过夜(约16h)。冷却后,在真空下蒸发DMF,并且在亚甲基氯(50mL)中溶解剩余物。通过添加2-丙醇(200mL)沉淀该聚合物。通过倾析法分离该聚合物,并且然后用2-丙醇(4x50mL)洗涤以除去残留试剂,并且然后在35℃-40℃,在真空下干燥过夜。获得9.8g(86%)的嵌段共聚物。
实例28:制备PLGA-2-丁氧基-8-羟基-9-苯甲基腺嘌呤结合物
在RT,在氩气下搅拌在无水EtOAc(30mL)中的PLGA(Lakeshores聚合物,MW约5000,7525DLG1A,酸值0.7mmol/g,1.0g,7.0mmol)和HBTU(0.8g,2.1mmol)混合物30分钟。添加在2mL干DMSO中的化合物(I)(0.22g,0.7mmol),随后添加二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.73mL,4.2mmol)。在室温下搅拌该混合物20h。添加额外量的HBTU(0.53g,1.4mmol)和DIPEA(0.5mL,2.8mmol),并且在50℃-55℃加热该混合物4h。在冷却后,用EtOAc(100mL)稀释该混合物,并且用饱和NH4Cl溶液(20mL)、水(2x20mL)和盐水溶液(20mL)洗涤。在Na2SO4(10g)上干燥该溶液并且浓缩至凝胶状剩余物。然后添加异丙醇(IPA)(35mL)并且从溶液中沉淀出该褐色聚合物结合物。然后用IPA(2x20mL)洗涤该聚合物以除去残留试剂,并且在35℃-40℃,在真空下干燥2天,为一种褐色粉末(1.0g)。
实例29:制备PLGA-2,9-二苄基-8-羟基腺嘌呤结合物
在RT,在氩气下搅拌在无水EtOAc(30mL)中的PLGA(Lakeshores聚合物,MW约5000,7525DLG1A,酸值0.7mmol/g,1.0g,7.0mmol)和HBTU(0.8g,2.1mmol)混合物30分钟。添加在2mL干DMSO中的化合物(II)(0.24g,0.7mmol),随后添加二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.73mL,4.2mmol)。在RT下搅拌该混合物20h。添加额外量的HBTU(0.53g,1.4mmol)和DIPEA(0.5mL,2.8mmol),并且在50℃-55℃加热该混合物4h。在冷却后,用EtOAc(100mL)稀释该混合物,并且用饱和NH4Cl溶液(20mL)、水(2x20mL)和盐水溶液(20mL)洗涤。在Na2SO4(10g)上干燥该溶液并且浓缩至凝胶状剩余物。然后添加异丙醇(IPA)(35mL)并且从溶液中沉淀出该褐色聚合物结合物。然后用IPA(2x20mL)洗涤该聚合物以除去残留试剂,并且在35℃-40℃,在真空下干燥2天,为一种褐色粉末(1.2g)。
实例30:使用酰亚胺开环作用来附连2-戊基-8-羟基-9-苄基腺嘌呤至分子量2000的聚(碳酸六亚甲基酯)二醇的末端醇基
从Aldrich Chemical Company购买聚(碳酸六亚甲基酯)二醇,Cat#461164。
聚(碳酸六亚甲基酯)二醇:
HO-[CH2(CH2)4CH2OCO2]nCH2(CH2)4CH2-OH
聚(碳酸六亚甲基酯)二醇-8-氧代腺嘌呤结合物:
在25mL亚甲基氯中溶解该聚合物(5g,2.5x10-3摩尔),并且添加2-戊基-8-羟基-9-苄基腺嘌呤的内酰胺(2.05g,5.0x10-3摩尔)。搅拌这一浆料,同时以单独的一份添加1,5,7-三氮杂二环-[4,4,0]-5-癸烯(TBD,0.557g,4x10-3摩尔)。在室温下搅拌过夜后,形成澄清淡黄色溶液。用亚甲基氯(100mL)稀释该溶液,并且用5%柠檬酸洗涤该溶液。在硫酸钠上干燥这一溶液,在这以后,过滤并在真空下蒸发。在高真空下干燥后,获得5.5克(78%)的聚合物。使用NMR来确定苄基腺嘌呤含量为18%。
实例31:烟碱-PEG-PLA结合物
按以下步骤合成3-烟碱-PEG-PLA聚合物:
首先,将来自的具有3.5KD分子量的单氨基聚(乙二醇)(0.20gm,5.7X10-5摩尔)和过量的4-羧基可替宁(0.126gm,5.7X10-4摩尔)溶解于二甲基甲酰胺(5.0mL)中。搅拌该溶液并且添加二环己基碳二亚胺(0.124gm,6.0X10-4摩尔)。在室温下搅拌这一溶液过夜。添加水(0.10mL)并且继续搅拌额外的15分钟。通过过滤除去二环己基脲的沉淀,并且在真空下蒸发滤液。在亚甲基氯(4.0mL)中溶解剩余物并且将这一溶液添加到乙醚(100mL)中。在冰箱中冷却该溶液2小时,并且通过过滤分离沉淀的聚合物。在用乙醚洗涤以后,在高真空下干燥该固体白色聚合物。产量为0.188gm。不经进一步纯化,将这一聚合物用于下一步。
在氮气下将该可替宁/PEG聚合物(0.20gm,5.7X10-5摩尔)溶解于干四氢呋喃(10mL)中,并且搅拌该溶液,同时添加在四氢呋喃中的氢化铝锂溶液(1.43mL的2.0M,2.85X10-3摩尔)。添加氢化铝锂引起该聚合物沉淀为凝胶状块。在缓慢流的氮气下,加热该反应至80℃,并且允许四氢呋喃蒸发。然后在80℃下加热剩余物2小时。冷却以后,小心添加水(0.5mL)。一旦氢释放已经停止,添加在亚甲基氯中的10%甲醇(50mL),并且搅拌该反应混合物直至该聚合物溶解。通过牌硅藻土(从EMD Inc.可得,如545,区域#CX0574-3)过滤这一混合物,并且将滤液在真空下蒸干。在亚甲基氯(4.0mL)中溶解剩余物并且将这一溶液缓慢添加到乙醚(100mL)中。聚合物分离为白色絮凝固体,并且通过离心分离。在用乙醚洗涤以后,在真空下干燥该固体。产量为0.129gm。
接下来,将PEG/烟碱聚合物(0.081gm,2.2X10-5摩尔)、D/L丙交酯(0.410gm,2.85X10-3摩尔)和无水硫酸钠(0.380gm)加料至一个装备有搅拌棒和回流冷凝器的100mL圆底烧瓶。在55℃,在真空下干燥这些反应物8小时。然后用氩气冷却并冲洗该烧瓶并且然后添加干燥的甲苯(10mL)。将该烧瓶置于设定在120℃的油浴中,并且一旦丙交酯已经溶解,添加乙基己酸锡(5.5mg,1.36X10-5摩尔)。允许该反应在120℃继续进行16小时。在冷却至室温以后,添加水(15mL)并且持续搅拌30分钟。添加亚甲基氯(200mL),并且在分液漏斗中搅动以后,允许这些相沉降。分离亚甲基氯层,并且在无水硫酸镁上干燥。在过滤以除去干燥剂以后,在真空下蒸发滤液以给出作为一种无色泡沫的聚合物。在四氢呋喃(10mL)中溶解该聚合物,并且在搅拌下将这一溶液缓慢添加到水(150mL)中。通过离心分离沉淀的聚合物,并且在亚甲基氯(10mL)中溶解该固体。在真空下除去亚甲基氯,并且在真空下干燥剩余物。3-烟碱-PEG-PLA聚合物产量为0.38gm。
实例32:合成纳米载体配制品
为了胶囊化佐剂配制品,根据Gerster等人的美国专利5,389,640的实例99中提供的合成,合成瑞喹莫德(aka R848)。
通过以上提供的方法将R848结合至PLA,并且通过NMR证实PLA结构。
根据实例31制备PLA-PEG-烟碱结合物。
购买PLA(Boehringer Ingelheim Chemicals,Inc.,2820 NorthNormandy Drive,Petersburg,VA 23805)。从VWR scientific购买聚乙烯醇(Mw=11KD-31KD,85-89%水解)。从Bachem Americas Inc.(3132Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505.区域#4064565)获得卵清蛋白肽323-339。
以上材料用于制备以下溶液:
1.在亚甲基氯中瑞喹莫德(R848)10mg/mL并且PLA100mg/mL,或者在亚甲基氯中PLA-R848结合物100mg/mL
2.在亚甲基氯中的PLA-PEG-烟碱100mg/mL
3.在亚甲基氯中的PLA100mg/mL
4.在水中的卵清蛋白肽323-33910或69mg/mL
5.在水中的聚乙烯醇50mg/mL。
在小管形瓶中结合溶#1(0.25至0.75mL)、溶液#2(0.25mL)、溶液#3(0.25至0.5mL)和溶液#4(0.1mL),并且使用一台Branson数字超声波仪250在50%振幅声处理该混合物40秒。向这一乳液添加溶液#5(2.0mL),并且使用一台Branson数字超声波仪250在35%振幅声处理40秒,形成第二乳液。添加这一乳液至一个含有磷酸盐缓冲溶液(30mL)的烧杯,并且在室温下搅拌这一混合物2小时以形成纳米载体。
为了洗涤这些颗粒,将一部分纳米载体分散体(7.4mL)转移至一个离心管中,并且在5,300g旋转一小时,除去上清液,并且在7.4mL的磷酸盐缓冲盐水中重新悬浮小粒。重复该离心步骤,并且在2.2mL的磷酸盐缓冲盐水中重新悬浮小粒,用于约10mg/mL的最终纳米颗粒分散体。
实例33:具有多种初级乳液的复乳液
材料
从Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505)购买的卵清蛋白肽323-339,已知是卵清蛋白蛋白质的T细胞表位的一种17氨基酸肽。
根据美国专利6,608,201提供的方法合成瑞喹莫德(aka R848)。
根据以上提供的方法,将PLA-R848瑞喹莫德结合至具有约2,500Da的分子量的PLA。
根据以上提供的方法,将PLGA-R848瑞喹莫德结合至具有约4,100Da的分子量的PLGA。
从Oligos Etc(9775SW Commerce Circle C-6,Wilsonville,or 97070)购买具有全硫代磷酸化的主链的、具有钠平衡离子的PS-1826DNA寡核苷酸,具有核苷酸序列5′-TCC ATG ACG TTC CTG ACG TT-3′。
从Oligos Etc(9775SW Commerce Circle C-6,Wilsonville,or 97070)购买具有磷酸二酯主链的、具有钠平衡离子的PO-1826DNA寡核苷酸,具有核苷酸序列5′-TCC ATG ACG TTC CTG ACG TT-3′。
从SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211.产品编号100DL 2A)购买的具有0.21dL/g的固有粘度的PLA。
从SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211.产品编号100DL 7A)购买的具有0.71dL/g的固有粘度的PLA。
从Boehringer Ingelheim Chemicals,Inc.(Petersburg,VA.产品编号R202H)购买的具有0.19dL/g的固有粘度的PLA。
根据以上提供的方法制备具有约18,500至22,000Da的分子量的PLA-PEG-烟碱。
根据以上提供的方法制备(合成)具有约15,000Da的分子量的PLA-PEG-R848。
从J.T.Baker(产品型号U232-08)购买的聚乙烯醇(Mw=11,000-31,000,87-89%水解)。
使用具有多种初级乳液的复乳液方法生产各批次。下表引用溶液溶液后缀(例如在溶液#1栏中B表明使用溶液#1B)和使用的溶液体积。
溶液1A:在稀释盐酸水溶液中的卵清蛋白肽323-33935mg/mL。在室温,通过在0.13N盐酸溶液中溶解卵清蛋白肽制备该溶液。
溶液1B:在稀释盐酸水溶液中的卵清蛋白肽323-33970mg/mL。在室温,通过在0.13N盐酸溶液中溶解卵清蛋白肽制备该溶液。
溶液2A:在亚甲基氯中的0.21-IV PLA75mg/mL和PLA-PEG-烟碱25mg/ml。在室温,通过首先制备两种分开的溶液制备该溶液:在纯亚甲基氯中0.21-IV PLA100mg/mL和在纯亚甲基氯中PLA-PEG-烟碱100mg/mL。添加用于每一部分PLA-PEG-烟碱溶液的三部分PLA溶液制备最终溶液。
溶液2B:在亚甲基氯中的0.71-IV PLA75mg/mL和PLA-PEG-烟碱25mg/ml。在室温,通过首先制备两种分开的溶液制备该溶液:在纯亚甲基氯中0.71-IV PLA100mg/mL和在纯亚甲基氯中PLA-PEG-烟碱100mg/mL。添加用于每一部分PLA-PEG-烟碱溶液的三部分PLA溶液制备最终溶液。
溶液2C:在亚甲基氯中的0.19-IV PLA75mg/mL和PLA-PEG-烟碱25mg/ml。在室温,通过首先制备两种分开的溶液制备该溶液:在纯亚甲基氯中0.19-IV PLA100mg/mL和在纯亚甲基氯中PLA-PEG-烟碱100mg/mL。添加用于每一部分PLA-PEG-烟碱溶液的三部分PLA溶液制备最终溶液。
溶液3A:在净化水中的寡核苷酸(PS-1826亦或PO-1826)200mg/ml。在室温下,通过在净化水中溶解寡核苷酸制备该溶液。
溶液4A:与溶液#2A相同。
溶液4B:与溶液#2B相同。
溶液4C:与溶液#2C相同。
溶液5A:在100mM pH8磷酸盐缓冲液中聚乙烯醇50mg/mL。
制备两种分开的初级油包水乳液。通过在小压力管中合并溶液1和溶液2制备W1/O2,并且使用一台Branson数字超声波仪250在50%振幅超声处理40秒。通过在小压力管中合并溶液3和溶液4制备W3/O4,并且使用一台Branson数字超声波仪250在50%振幅超声处理40秒。通过合并0.5ml的每一种初级乳液(W1/O2和W3/O4)和溶液5制备具有两种内乳液([W1/O2,W3/O4]/W5)乳液的第三乳液,并且使用Branson数字超声波仪250在30%振幅超声处理40秒至60秒。
将该第三乳液添加至一个含有70mM磷酸盐缓冲溶液(30mL)的烧杯,并且在室温搅拌2小时,来允许亚甲基氯蒸发并且允许形成纳米载体。通过转移纳米载体悬浮液至离心管并且在13,823g旋转一小时来洗涤一部分纳米载体,除去上清液,并且在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中重新悬浮小粒。重复该洗涤步骤,并且在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中重新悬浮小粒,用于约10mg/mL的最终纳米载体分散体。
通过HPLC分析确定该纳米载体中寡核苷酸和肽的量。
实例34:标准复乳液
材料
如在以上实例33中提供的那样。
使用标准复乳液方法生产各批次。下表引用溶液溶液后缀(例如在溶液#1栏中B表明使用溶液#1B)和使用的溶液体积。
溶液1A:在去离子水中的卵清蛋白肽323-33969mg/mL。通过缓慢添加卵清蛋白肽至水中同时在室温混合制备该溶液。
溶液1B:在稀释盐酸水溶液中的卵清蛋白肽323-33970mg/mL。在室温,通过在0.13N盐酸溶液中溶解卵清蛋白肽制备该溶液。
溶液1C:在净化水中的寡核苷酸(PS-1826)50mg/ml。在室温下,通过在净化水中溶解寡核苷酸制备该溶液。
溶液1D:在稀释盐酸水溶液中的卵清蛋白肽323-33917.5mg/mL。通过在室温在0.13N盐酸溶液中溶解卵清蛋白肽70mg/ml,并且然后用3份净化水每一份起始溶液稀释该溶液制备溶液。
溶液2A:在室温制备的在纯亚甲基氯中的R84810mg/ml和0.19-IV PLA100mg/mL。
溶液2B:在室温制备的在纯亚甲基氯中的PLA-R848100mg/ml。
溶液2C:在室温制备的在纯亚甲基氯中的PLGA-R848100mg/ml。
溶液2D:在室温制备的在纯亚甲基氯中的PLA-PEG-R848100mg/ml。
溶液3A:在室温制备的在纯亚甲基氯中的PLA-PEG-烟碱100mg/ml。
溶液4A:在室温制备的在纯亚甲基氯中的0.19-IV PLA100mg/mL。
溶液5A:在去离子水中的聚乙烯醇50mg/mL。
溶液5B:在100mM pH8磷酸盐缓冲液中聚乙烯醇50mg/mL。
通过在小压力管中合并溶液1和溶液2、溶液3、和溶液4制备油包水(W/O)初级乳液,并且使用一台Branson数字超声波仪250在50%振幅超声处理40秒。通过添加溶液5至该初级乳液制备水/油/水(W/O/W)复乳液,并且使用Branson数字超声波仪250在30%至35%振幅超声处理40秒。
将该复乳液添加至一个含有磷酸盐缓冲溶液(30mL)的烧杯,并且在室温搅拌2小时,来允许亚甲基氯蒸发并且允许形成纳米载体。通过转移纳米载体悬浮液至离心管并且在5,000至9,500RPM旋转一小时来洗涤一部分纳米载体,除去上清液,并且在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中重新悬浮小粒。重复该洗涤步骤,并且在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中重新悬浮小粒,用于约10mg/mL的最终纳米载体分散体。
实例35:确定媒介物的量
用于R848和肽(例如卵清蛋白肽、人类肽、TT2pDT5t)的方法
在装备有Agilent Zorbax SB-C18柱(3.5m。75x4.6mm。柱温=40℃(零件号866953-902))的Agilent 1100系统上,在适当波长(λ=254nm用于R848以及215nm用于卵清蛋白肽)使用反相高效液相色谱法测量R848(免疫刺激剂)和卵清蛋白肽(T细胞抗原)的量,使用95%水/5%乙腈/0.1%TFA的流动相A(MPA)和90%乙腈/10%水/0.09%TFA的流动相B(MPB)(梯度:在7分钟内B=5%至45%;至9分钟渐变至95%B;至9.5分钟退回5%B,并且保持平衡至结束。总运行时间为13分钟,流速为1mL/min)。
用于CpG的方法
在装备有Waters XBridge C-18(2.5微米颗粒,50x4.6mm ID(零件号186003090),柱温600℃)的Agilent 1100系统上,在260nm使用反相高效液相色谱法测量CpG(免疫刺激剂)的量,使用在100mM TEA-乙酸缓冲液中的2%乙腈的、pH约8.0的流动相A,和如90%乙腈、10%水的流动相B(在5%B平衡柱,在8.5分钟内增加至55%B,然后至12分钟渐变至90%B。在一分钟内B的浓度迅速减少至5%并且平衡直至停止时间,16分钟。流速为1mL/min直至本方法结束,16分钟)。
用于烟碱类似物的方法
在装备有Waters X-Bridge C-18(5微米颗粒,100x4.6mm ID,柱温在400℃)的Agilent 1100系统上,在254nm使用反相高效液相色谱法测量烟碱类似物,使用95%水/5%乙腈/0.1%TFA的流动相A(MPA)和90%乙腈/10%水/0.09%TFA的流动相B(MPB)(梯度:在5%B平衡柱,在14分钟内增加至45%B。然后从14至20分钟渐变至95%B。流动相B浓度迅速退回5%并且重新平衡直至本方法结束。本方法的流速保持在0.5ml/min,总运行时间25分钟)。取决于颗粒大小,离心该NC悬浮液14000rpm约15-30分钟。在搅拌下,用200uL浓NH4OH(8M)处理收集的小粒2h,直至溶液转为澄清。添加200uL的1%TFA来中和该混合物溶液,这使该小粒溶液的体积达到200uL。用MPA(或水)稀释等分部分的50uL的溶液至200uL,并且如以上在HPLC上分析以确定存在于小粒中的量。
在纳米载体中的胶囊化的游离R848
离心0.5mL的NC悬浮液14000rpm约15分钟。用0.3mL的乙腈溶解收集的小粒并且简单离心14000rpm以除去任何残留的不溶物。用4倍当量体积的MPA进一步稀释该澄清溶液并在以上说明的反相高效液相色谱法上测定。
在纳米载体中胶囊化的CpG
取决于颗粒大小,来自该制造的330uL的NC悬浮液(在PBS中约10mg/mL悬浮液)在14000rpm旋转减慢15至30分钟。用500uL的水重新悬浮收集的小粒并且超声处理30分钟以完全分散这些颗粒。然后在600℃下加热NC10分钟。添加额外的200uL的1N NaOH至该混合物,再加热5分钟,其中混合物变得澄清。在14000rpm简单离心水解的NC溶液。然后制造用水最终2x稀释的澄清溶液,并且在以上说明的反相高效液相色谱法上测定。
胶囊化的T细胞抗原(例如卵清蛋白肽、或人类肽,TT2pDT5t)
来自该制造的330uL的NC悬浮液(在PBS中约10mg/mL悬浮液)在14000rpm旋转减慢15至30分钟。添加100uL的乙腈至这些小粒以溶解NC的聚合组分。振荡并超声处理该混合物1至5分钟。添加100uL 0.2%TFA至该混合物来提取这些肽,并且再超声处理5分钟以确保分解这些聚集体。在14000rpm离心该混合物15分钟来分离任何不溶解的材料(例如聚合物)。取出50uL等分部分的用150uL的MPA(或水)稀释的上清液,并且在以上说明的反相高效液相色谱法上测定。
在纳米载体中结合的烟碱类似物(B细胞抗原)的量
旋转减慢1.5mL的NC悬浮液14000rpm约15分钟,使用150uL的浓NH4OH(8M)水解这些小粒约2-3h直至溶液转为澄清。添加150uL的2%TFA(水性)溶液至该小粒混合物来中和该溶液。用200uL的水稀释100uL等分部分的该混合物,并且在以上说明的反相高效液相色谱法上测定,并且基于使用在该制造中使用的PLA-PEG-烟碱的前体(PEG-烟碱)建立的标准曲线定量。
实例36:释放速率测试
在37℃,如下进行T细胞抗原、卵清蛋白肽和佐剂、R848从在PBS(100mM,pH=7.4)和柠檬酸盐缓冲液(100mM,pH=4.5)中的合成纳米载体(纳米颗粒)的释放:
分析方法:在装备有一个Agilent Zorbax SB-C18柱(3.5μm。75x4.6mm。柱温=40℃(零件号866953-902))的Agilent 1100系统上,在λ=215nm,使用反相高效液相色谱法测量释放的R848和卵清蛋白肽的量,使用98%水/2%乙腈/0.1%TFA的流动相A(MPA)和90%乙腈/10%水/0.09%TFA的流动相B(MPB),具有梯度:在7分钟内B=5%至45%;至9分钟渐变至95%B;至结束重新平衡。运行时间13分钟。流=1mL/min。
如在表1中示出的那样,在纳米颗粒中存在的R848和卵清蛋白肽的总量。然后用PBS稀释测试合成纳米载体的水悬浮液至4.4mL的最终蓄积量。
(A)在PBS(pH=7.4)中的体外释放速率测量:
对于T0样品,立即从每一NP样品除去200μL等分部分,并且使用一台微量离心机(模型:Galaxy 16),在微量离心管中离心14000rpm。除去100μL的上清液并且在HPLC流动相A(MPA)中稀释至200μL,并且在反相高效液相色谱法上测定R848和卵清蛋白肽释放的量。
对于时间点测量:将9x200μL的每一样品添加至微量离心管(对于非结合的3x200),并且将300μL的37℃PBS添加至每一以上等分部分,并且立即将这些样品置于37℃烘箱中。在以下时间点:24hr、48hr、96hr和144hr(对于结合的R848)或2h、16h和24h(对于非结合的(胶囊化的)R848),离心这些样品,并且如以上对于T0样品那样测定释放的R848和卵清蛋白肽的量。
(B)在柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH=4.5)中的体外释放速率测量:
对于T0样品,从每一样品除去200μL等分部分,并且离心6000rpm 20分钟,并且除去上清液。在200uL的柠檬酸盐缓冲液中重新悬浮剩余纳米颗粒,并且离心14000rpm 15分钟。除去100uL的上清液并且用MPA稀释至200uL,并且如以上那样测定R848和肽。
对于时间点测量:将9x200uL的每一样品添加至微量离心管(对于非结合的3x200),并且离心20分钟6000rpm,并且除去上清液。然后在500uL的柠檬酸盐缓冲液重新悬浮剩余NPs,并且置于37℃烘箱中。在以下时间点:24hr、48hr、96hr和144hr(对于结合的R848)或2h、16h和24h(对于非结合的(胶囊化的)R848),离心这些样品,并且如以上对于T0样品那样测定释放的R848和卵清蛋白肽的量。
为了完成来自以上在PBS和柠檬酸盐缓冲液中的测量的质量平衡,不断混合并用200uL的浓NH4OH(8M)处理来自每一样品的剩余小粒(只有结合的R848样品)3h。在该混合物沉降以后,添加200uL的1%TFA来使该小粒的总体积达到400uL。用MPA稀释等分部分的50uL的溶液至200uL,并且如以上那样在HPLC上分析以确定在体外释放至接近质量平衡后,剩余在该小粒中的R848和卵清蛋白肽的量。对于非结合的样品,用在乙腈中的TFA稀释该样品,并且如以上那样测定R848和肽。
在图1-3中总结了这些结果。
材料和方法-
HPLC-Agilent 1100。λ=215nm。柱温=40℃
柱-Agilent Zorbax SB-C18,3.5μm。75x4.6mm。(零件号866953-902)
C18保护柱
流动相A(MPA) -98%水/2%乙腈/0.1%TFA
流动相B(MPB) -90%乙腈/10%水/0.09%TFA
梯度:在7分钟内B=5%至45%;至9分钟渐变至95%;至结束重新平衡。运行时间13分钟。流速=1mL/min。
PBS-100mM,pH=7.4。
柠檬酸盐缓冲液100mM,pH=4.5。
烘箱-
微量离心机-Galaxy 16
微量离心管
超声波仪
移液管-20μL,200μL,1000μL可调整的
HPLC级水-EMD-#WX0008-1。
NH4OH-约8M。Mallinkcrodt。
TFA,0.2%。Prep 4/27/09。
TFA,1%。Prep 5/13/09。
温度计
SAMPLES-“6-1”和“6-2”具有封存的R848。所有剩余的都具有结合的R848。估算值基于生成自“62”系列的加载。
表2.估算的在合成纳米载体中的R848和卵清蛋白肽:
样品体积略低于计划值。为了确保对于所有时间点可得的足够材料,添加以下体积的PBS至样品来使它们都达到4.4mL。
表3.
步骤-
1)T=0样品制备
a.PBS
i.从每一样品除去200μL等分部分。微量离心14000rpm。除去上清液。
ii.在MPA中稀释上清液100μL>200μL。(DF=2)。
iii.测定肽和R848。
b.柠檬酸盐
i.从每一样品除去200μL等分部分。微量离心6000rpm 20分钟。除去上清液。
ii.添加200uL的柠檬酸盐缓冲液并且充分重新悬浮。
iii.微量离心14000rpm 15分钟。除去上清液。
iv.在MPA中稀释上清液100μL>200μL。(DF=2)。
v.测定肽和R848。
2)PBS IVR
a.添加9x200μL的每一样品至微量离心管。(对于非结合的3x200)
b.对每一等分部分添加300μL的37℃PBS。
c.立即将样品置于37℃烘箱。
3)柠檬酸盐IVR
a.添加9x200μL的每一样品至微量离心管。(对于非结合的3x200)
b.离心20分钟6000rpm。
c.除去上清液。
d.添加500μL的柠檬酸盐缓冲液至每一管,并且充分重新悬浮。
e.将样品置于37℃烘箱。
4)对于批次1-4和8,在以下时间点移开样品(参见步骤6):
a.结合的
i.24hr
ii.48hr(2天)
iii.96hr(4天)
iv 144hr(6天)
v.基于以上数据的其他时间点TBD。
b.非结合的
i.2hr
ii.16hr
iii.24hr
5)对于批次6和7,在以下时间点移开样品:
a.PBS
i.24hr
ii.48hr(2天)
iii.96hr(4天)
iv.144hr(6天)
v.基于以上数据的其他时间点TBD。
b.柠檬酸盐
i.2hr
ii.16hr
iii.24hr
iv.48hr(2天)
v.72hr(3天)
vi.96hr(4天)
vii.120hr(5天)
viii.基于以上数据的其他时间点TBD。
6)取样如下:
a.微量离心14000rpm 15分钟。
b.除去上清液。
c.在MPA中稀释上清液100μL至200μL。(DF=2)。
7)测定肽和R848。这将提供在每一时间点释放的量。
为了完成质量平衡,进行以下步骤:
8)添加200uL NH4OH至剩余小粒(只有结合的)。
9)简单振荡并超声处理至分散。
10)添加搅拌棒。允许静置直至澄清(至少3小时)。
11)添加200uL的1%TFA(总小粒体积=400μL)。
12)在MPA中稀释50μL至200μL。用HPLC分析来确定在小粒中剩余的肽和R848。(DF=4)。
13)对于结合的批次,用典型的AcN/TFA法测定肽和R848。
实例37:释放速率测试
按以下方法确定在37℃,在磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液(PBS)(100mM,pH=7.4)和柠檬酸盐缓冲液(100mM,pH=4.5)中,抗原(例如卵清蛋白肽、T细胞抗原)和免疫刺激剂(例如R848、CpG)从合成纳米载体的释放:
通过经离心和重新悬浮,交换希望的量的从该制造获得的测试合成纳米载体的水悬浮液(例如在PBS中约10mg/mL)至相同体积的适当释放介质(柠檬酸盐缓冲液100mM),达到R848从由结合的R848和卵清蛋白肽构成的纳米载体释放。
在PBS(pH=7.4)中的体外释放速率测量
取决于颗粒大小,一般离心在微量离心管中的1mL的PBS悬浮液NC14000rpm从15-30分钟。然后用等体积的流动相A(MPA)或水稀释收集的上清液,并且在反相高效液相色谱法上测定在储存期间释放的R848的量。在1mL的PBS中重新悬浮剩余小粒至均匀的悬浮液,并且在不断轻轻搅拌下置于37℃温箱。
对于T0样品,在将NC悬浮液置于37℃温箱以前,立即从NC悬浮液移出150μL等分部分,并且在微量离心管中,使用微量离心机(模型:Galaxy 16)离心14000rpm。除去100μL的上清液并且在HPLC流动相A(MPA)或水中稀释至200μL,并且在反相高效液相色谱法上测定释放的R848和卵清蛋白肽的量。
对于时间点测量,从37℃NC样品悬浮液移出150μL等分部分,离心这些样品,并且以与T0样品相同的方式测定释放的R848和卵清蛋白的量。在6h、24h测试释放的R848和卵清蛋白肽用于日常监测,与额外的2h、48h、96h和144h用于完整的释放曲线建立。
在柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH=4.5)中的体外释放速率测量
施用100mM柠檬酸钠缓冲液(pH=4.5)来交换原始NC储存溶液(例如PBS)代替PBS缓冲液,pH=7.4。为了完成来自以上在PBS和柠檬酸盐缓冲液中的测量的质量平衡,用100uL的NH4OH(8M)处理来自每一时间点的剩余小粒2h(或更长),同时搅拌直至溶液转为澄清。添加100uL的1%TFA来中和该混合物,这使该小粒溶液的体积达到200uL。用MPA(或水)稀释等分部分的50uL的混合物至200uL,并且如以上那样在HPLC上分析以确定在体外释放至接近质量平衡后,剩余在该小粒中的未释放的R848的量。对于非结合的样品,用在乙腈中的TFA稀释该样品,并且如以上那样测定R848。
确定CpG的释放类似于按照制备和检测时间点的R848和卵清蛋白肽的测量。然而,通过以上说明的反相高效液相色谱方法测定在释放介质中的CpG的量。
实例38:用携带CpG佐剂的NC-Nic免疫
按2周间隔(第0、14和28天),用100μg的NC-Nic免疫具有五只小鼠的组三次(皮下地,后肢)。NC-Nic是在外表面上表现出烟碱的纳米载体的一种组合物,并且对于除了组1的所有组小鼠,携带CpG-1826(硫代的)佐剂,它以不同的速率从这些纳米载体释放。根据以上提供的方法制备这些纳米载体。然后在第26和40天测量血清抗烟碱抗体。在图4中示出,如在针对聚赖氨酸-烟碱的标准ELISA中测量,抗烟碱抗体的EC50。
将含有卵清蛋白肽和聚合物的NC-Nic w/o CpG-1826给予组1的小鼠,它的75%是PLA和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic。将含有卵清蛋白肽、聚合物的NC-Nic给予组2的小鼠,它的75%是PLA和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,以及3.2%CpG-1826;在24小时的释放速率:4.2μg CpG每mg的NC。将含有聚合物的NC-Nic给予组3的小鼠,它的75%是PLA和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,以及3.1%CpG-1826;在24小时的释放速率:15μg CpG每mg的NC。在4.5的pH确定释放。
在图4中示出的结果证明对于针对NC-相关抗原的免疫应答,封存佐剂至纳米载体中是有益的,并且,此外,证明与由具有更慢释放速率的CpG佐剂(一种TLR9激动剂)的NC诱导的免疫应答相比,在24小时,更高释放速率的来自纳米载体(NC)内的封存的CpG佐剂产生升高的免疫应答。
实例39:用携带两种形式的CpG佐剂的NC-Nic免疫
按4周间隔(第0、和28天),用100μg的NC-Nic免疫具有五只小鼠的组两次(皮下地,后肢),并且然后在第12、24和40天测量血清抗烟碱抗体。NC-Nic是在外表面上表现出烟碱的纳米载体的一种组合物,并且携带两种形式的CpG-1826佐剂之一。根据以上提供的方法制备这些纳米载体。在图5中示出,如在针对聚赖氨酸-烟碱的标准ELISA中测量,抗烟碱抗体的EC50。
将含有卵清蛋白肽、聚合物的NC-Nic给予组1的小鼠,它的75%是PLA和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,以及6.2%CpG-1826(硫代的);在24小时的释放速率:16.6μg CpG每mg的NC。将含有卵清蛋白肽、聚合物的NC-Nic给予组2的小鼠,它的75%是PLA和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,以及7.2%CpG-1826(硫代的);在24小时的释放速率:13.2μg CpG每mg的NC。将含有卵清蛋白肽、聚合物的NC-Nic给予组3的小鼠,它的75%是PLA和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,以及7.9%CpG-1826(磷酸二酯或PO,非硫代的);在24小时的释放速率:19.6μg CpG每mg的NC。将含有卵清蛋白肽、聚合物的NC-Nic给予组4的小鼠,它的75%是PLA和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,以及8.5%CpG-1826(PO,非硫代的);在24小时的释放速率:9.3μg CpG每mg的NC。在4.5的pH确定释放。
图5中示出的结果证明封存的佐剂(CpG,TLR9)从纳米载体的释放速率影响针对NC-结合抗原(烟碱)的抗体的产生,同时在24小时表现出更高释放速率的纳米载体诱导更强的体液免疫反应(组1>组2和组3>组4)。不论使用的CpG形式,这都是真实的(更稳定,硫代的或者更不稳定,非硫代的)。
实例40:用携带R848的NC-Nic免疫
按2周间隔(第0、14和28天),用100μg的NC-Nic免疫具有五只小鼠的组三次(皮下地,后肢),并且然后在第26、40和54天测量血清抗烟碱抗体。根据以上提供的方法制备这些纳米载体。在图6中示出,如在针对聚赖氨酸-烟碱的标准ELISA中测量,抗烟碱抗体的EC50。
将含有卵清蛋白肽和聚合物的NC-Nic给予组1的小鼠,它的75%是PLA和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,但是没有佐剂。将含有卵清蛋白肽、聚合物的NC-Nic给予组2的小鼠,它的75%是PLA和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,以及1.0%R848;在2小时释放它的92%,并且在6小时释放多于96%。将含有卵清蛋白肽、聚合物的NC-Nic给予组3的小鼠,它的75%是PLA-R848和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,以及1.3%R848,在6小时释放它的29.4%,并且在24小时释放67.8%。将含有卵清蛋白肽、聚合物的NC-Nic给予组4的小鼠,它的75%是PLA-R848和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,以及1.4%R848,在6小时释放它的20.4%,并且在24小时释放41.5%。将含有卵清蛋白肽、聚合物的NC-Nic给予组5的小鼠,它的25%是PLA-PEG-R848,50%PLA,和25%是PLA-PEG-Nic,以及0.7%R848;在24小时释放小于它的1%。在4.5的pH确定释放。
在图6中示出的结果证明包含在NC中的R848佐剂(一种TLR 7/8激动剂)增强针对NC-相关抗原的体液免疫反应(组2-5>>组1)。此外,R848的快释放(组2)亦或慢释放(组5)没有提高免疫应答至与以中间速率的NC释放R848相同的水平(组3≈组4>组2≈组5)。
实例41:用携带封存的PO CpG的NC-Nic免疫
按2周间隔(第0、14和28天),用100μg的NC-Nic(表现出在外表面上的烟碱的纳米载体)免疫具有五只小鼠的组三次(皮下地,后肢),该NC-Nic具有封存的PO-CpG或不含有与游离PO-CpG混合的封存的PO-CpG。根据以上提供的方法制备这些合成纳米载体。然后在第26和40天在全部两个组中测量血清抗烟碱抗体。在图7中示出,如在针对聚赖氨酸-烟碱的标准ELISA中确定抗烟碱抗体的EC50。
用具有1826PO-CpG和来自胶囊化的卵白蛋白(Ov-II)的MHC-II辅助细胞肽的NC-Nic(6.6%PO-CpG;2.3%Ov-II)免疫组1的小鼠。用NC-Nic免疫组2的小鼠,该NC-Nic具有0.7%的与20μg的游离1826PO-CpG混合的封存的Ov-II。
该实验证明在纳米载体(NC)内封存的PO-CpG产生体液免疫反应,它优于在约3倍更高剂量的游离PO-CpG与NC混合而没有封存PO-CpG时诱导的免疫反应(组1中的抗体效价>组2中的抗体效价)。
Claims (59)
1.一种组合物,包括:
合成纳米载体,包括一种偶合到该合成纳米载体上的免疫调节剂;
其中该免疫调节剂根据以下关系从该合成纳米载体解离:
IArel(4.5)24%/IArel(7.4)24%≥1.2;
其中IArel(4.5)24%被定义为在pH=4.5,将该合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量除以在pH=4.5,将该合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量加上在pH=4.5,将该合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,保留在该合成纳米载体中的免疫调节剂的重量之和,表示为重量百分数,并且被取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数;并且
其中IArel(7.4)24%被定义为在pH=7.4,将该合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量除以在pH=7.4,将该合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,释放的免疫调节剂的重量加上在pH=7.4,将该合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,保留在该合成纳米载体中的免疫调节剂的重量之和,表示为重量百分数,并且被取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂经由一个免疫调节剂偶合部分偶合到该合成纳米载体上。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂被胶囊化在该合成纳米载体内。
4.如权利要求3所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂包括一种不稳定的免疫调节剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的组合物,其中该不稳定的免疫调节剂包括一种咪唑并喹啉、一种腺嘌呤衍生物、或包括5’-CG-3’的一种寡核苷酸,其中C未甲基化并且其中该寡核苷酸包括一个主链,该主链包括一个或多个不稳定的核苷酸间连键。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其中该咪唑并喹啉包括一种咪唑并喹啉胺、一种咪唑并吡啶胺、一种6,7-稠合的环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺、一种咪唑并喹啉胺、咪喹莫特、或瑞喹莫德。
7.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其中该寡核苷酸的主链不包括稳定化的化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化该主链。
8.如权利要求7所述的组合物,其中该寡核苷酸的主链包括一个未被修饰以结合稳定化学修饰的硫代磷酸酯的主链。
9.如权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂是一种佐剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其中该佐剂包括一种Toll样受体(TLR)激动剂。
11.如权利要求10所述的组合物,其中该TLR激动剂是一种TLR3激动剂、TLR7激动剂、TLR8激动剂、TLR7/8激动剂或一种TLR9激动剂。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的组合物,其中该TLR激动剂是一种免疫刺激核酸。
13.如权利要求12所述的组合物,其中该免疫刺激核酸是一种免疫刺激DNA或免疫刺激RNA。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的组合物,其中该免疫刺激核酸是一种含有CpG的免疫刺激核酸,它包括一种或多种稳定化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化该主链。
15.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其中该佐剂包括一种通用T-细胞抗原。
16.如权利要求1-15中任意一项所述的组合物,其中这些合成纳米载体进一步包括一种B细胞抗原和/或一种T细胞抗原。
17.如权利要求1-16中任意一项所述的组合物,其中这些合成纳米载体进一步包括一种抗原递呈细胞(APC)靶向特征。
18.如权利要求1-17中任意一项所述的组合物,其中这些合成纳米载体包括一种或多种可生物降解的聚合物。
19.如权利要求18所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂经由该免疫调节剂偶合部分偶合到这一种或多种可生物降解的聚合物上。
20.如权利要求18或19所述的组合物,其中该可生物降解的聚合物包括聚(丙交酯)、聚(乙交酯)、或聚(丙交酯乙交酯)共聚物。
21.如权利要求18-20中任意一项所述的组合物,其中如使用凝胶渗透色谱法确定的那样,这些可生物降解的聚合物具有范围从800道尔顿至10,000道尔顿的重均分子量。
22.如权利要求2和9-21中任意一项所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂偶合部分包括一个酰胺键。
23.如权利要求2和9-21中任意一项所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂偶合部分包括一个酯键。
24.如权利要求1-23中任意一项所述的组合物,其中这些合成纳米载体包括脂基纳米颗粒,聚合物纳米颗粒,金属纳米颗粒,表面活性剂基乳液,树枝状化合物,巴奇球,纳米线,病毒状颗粒,肽或蛋白基颗粒,包括纳米材料、球状纳米颗粒、立方纳米颗粒、锥形纳米颗粒、长方形纳米颗粒、圆柱形纳米颗粒、或环形纳米颗粒的一种组合的纳米颗粒。
25.一种组合物,包括:
合成纳米载体,包括一种偶合到该合成纳米载体上的免疫调节剂;
其中该免疫调节剂根据以下关系从该合成纳米载体解离:
IA(4.5)24/IA(4.5)6≥1.2;
其中IA(4.5)24被定义为在pH=4.5,将该合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量;并且
其中IA(4.5)6被定义为在pH=4.5,将该合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境6小时,取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量。
26.如权利要求25所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂包括胶囊化在该合成纳米载体内的一种不稳定的免疫调节剂。
27.如权利要求26所述的组合物,其中该不稳定的免疫调节剂包括一种咪唑并喹啉、一种腺嘌呤衍生物、或包括5’-CG-3’的一种寡核苷酸,其中C未甲基化并且其中该寡核苷酸包括一个主链,该主链包括一个或多个不稳定的核苷酸间连键。
28.如权利要求27所述的组合物,其中该咪唑并喹啉包括一种咪唑并喹啉胺、一种咪唑并吡啶胺、一种6,7-稠合的环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺、一种咪唑并喹啉胺、咪喹莫特、或瑞喹莫德。
29.如权利要求27所述的组合物,其中该寡核苷酸的主链不包括稳定化的化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化该主链。
30.如权利要求29所述的组合物,其中该寡核苷酸的主链包括一个未被修饰以结合稳定化学修饰的硫代磷酸酯的主链。
31.一种组合物,包括:
合成纳米载体,包括一种偶合到该合成纳米载体上的免疫调节剂;
其中该免疫调节剂根据以下关系从该合成纳米载体解离:
6≤IA(4.5)24/IA(4.5)6≥1.2;
其中IA(4.5)24被定义为在pH=4.5,将该合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境24小时,取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量;并且
其中IA(4.5)6被定义为在pH=4.5,将该合成纳米载体暴露于体外水环境6小时,取作跨合成纳米载体样品的平均数的释放的免疫调节剂的重量。
32.如权利要求31所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂包括胶囊化在该合成纳米载体内的一种不稳定的免疫调节剂。
33.如权利要求32所述的组合物,其中该不稳定的免疫调节剂包括一种咪唑并喹啉、一种腺嘌呤衍生物、或包括5’-CG-3’的一种寡核苷酸,其中C未甲基化并且其中该寡核苷酸包括一个主链,该主链包括一个或多个不稳定的核苷酸间连键。
34.如权利要求33所述的组合物,其中该咪唑并喹啉包括一种咪唑并喹啉胺、一种咪唑并吡啶胺、一种6,7-稠合的环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺、一种咪唑并喹啉胺、咪喹莫特、或瑞喹莫德。
35.如权利要求33所述的组合物,其中该寡核苷酸的主链不包括稳定化的化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化该主链。
36.如权利要求35所述的组合物,其中该寡核苷酸的主链包括一个未被修饰以结合稳定化学修饰的硫代磷酸酯的主链。
37.如权利要求25或31所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂经由一个免疫调节剂偶合部分偶合到该合成纳米载体上。
38.如权利要求25或31所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂被胶囊化在该合成纳米载体内。
39.如权利要求25、31、或37所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂是一种佐剂。
40.如权利要求39所述的组合物,其中该佐剂包括一种Toll样受体(TLR)激动剂。
41.如权利要求40所述的组合物,其中该TLR激动剂是一种TLR3激动剂、TLR7激动剂、TLR8激动剂、TLR7/8激动剂或一种TLR9激动剂。
42.如权利要求40或41所述的组合物,其中该TLR激动剂是一种免疫刺激核酸。
43.如权利要求42所述的组合物,其中该免疫刺激核酸是一种免疫刺激DNA或免疫刺激RNA。
44.如权利要求42或43所述的组合物,其中该免疫刺激核酸是一种含有CpG的免疫刺激核酸,它包括一种或多种稳定化学修饰,这些修饰的功能是在生理条件下稳定化该主链。
45.如权利要求39所述的组合物,其中该佐剂包括一种通用T-细胞抗原。
46.如权利要求25-45中任意一项所述的组合物,其中该合成纳米载体进一步包括一种B细胞抗原和/或一种T细胞抗原。
47.如权利要求25-46中的任意一项所述的组合物,其中该合成纳米载体进一步包括一种抗原递呈细胞(APC)靶向特征。
48.如权利要求25-47中任意一项所述的组合物,其中这些合成纳米载体包括一种或多种可生物降解的聚合物。
49.如权利要求48所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂经由该免疫调节剂偶合部分偶合到这一种或多种可生物降解的聚合物上。
50.如权利要求48或49所述的组合物,其中该可生物降解的聚合物包括聚(丙交酯)、聚(乙交酯)、或聚(丙交酯乙交酯)共聚物。
51.如权利要求48-50中任意一项所述的组合物,其中如使用凝胶渗透色谱法确定的那样,这些可生物降解的聚合物具有范围从800道尔顿至10,000道尔顿的重均分子量。
52.如权利要求37和39-51中任意一项所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂偶合部分包括一个酰胺键。
53.如权利要求37和39-51中任意一项所述的组合物,其中该免疫调节剂偶合部分包括一个酯键。
54.如权利要求25-53中任意一项所述的组合物,其中这些合成纳米载体包括脂基纳米颗粒,聚合物纳米颗粒,金属纳米颗粒,表面活性剂基乳液,树枝状化合物,巴奇球,纳米线,病毒状颗粒,肽或蛋白基颗粒,包括纳米材料、球状纳米颗粒、立方纳米颗粒、锥形纳米颗粒、长方形纳米颗粒、圆柱形纳米颗粒、或环形纳米颗粒的一种组合的纳米颗粒。
55.如权利要求1-54中任意一项所述的组合物,进一步包括一种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
56.一种组合物,包括一种疫苗,该疫苗包括如权利要求1-55中任意一项所述的组合物。
57.一种方法,包括:
将如权利要求1-56中任意一项所述的组合物给予一个受试者。
58.如权利要求57所述的方法,其中该组合物以一个有效诱导或增强免疫应答的量存在。
59.如权利要求58所述的方法,其中该受试者患有癌、一种传染病、一种非自身免疫性代谢病、一种退行性疾病、或一种依赖症。
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