CN102209625A - 着色的扩散片、其制造方法和包括其的制品 - Google Patents
着色的扩散片、其制造方法和包括其的制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102209625A CN102209625A CN2009801445832A CN200980144583A CN102209625A CN 102209625 A CN102209625 A CN 102209625A CN 2009801445832 A CN2009801445832 A CN 2009801445832A CN 200980144583 A CN200980144583 A CN 200980144583A CN 102209625 A CN102209625 A CN 102209625A
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Abstract
本文公开了包括第一聚合物层和第二发泡层的聚合物片材;所述第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连;在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率。本文还公开了一种方法,包括将第一聚合物层置于第二发泡层上形成聚合物片材;所述第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连;在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率。
Description
发明背景
本公开涉及有色扩散片、其制造方法和包括其的制品。
聚合物片材通常用于显示商业标志和可视技术的其它形式。希望这类聚合物片材以高强度显示出这些标志和艺术形式,同时减少照亮该标志的光源的亮度。因此希望该标志具有颜色均匀的漂亮外观。另外,由于聚合物片材暴露在自然环境例如光、雨水、大风等下,因此希望聚合物片材具有高硬度、重量轻、耐气候、具有高的耐冲击性和硬度。
为了使商业标志环境友好,通常使用发光二极管(LED)作为光源。LED消耗比其它光源少的能量并且还提供有效的有色光。因此与其它光源相比,对于一个单位的能量消耗而言它们提供了高亮度。LED的高亮度不幸地造成由这些标志显示的光不均匀。
因此希望使用当与LED结合使用时允许均匀地照亮标志的聚合物片材。
发明内容
本文公开了包括第一聚合物层和第二发泡层的聚合物片材;所述第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连(operative communication);在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率。
本文还公开了一种方法,包括将第一聚合物层置于第二发泡层上形成聚合物片材;所述第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连;在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率。
本文还公开了由所述聚合物片材制造的制品以及通过上述方法制造的制品。
附图简述
图1(a)是包括与第二发泡层物理相连的第一聚合物层的聚合物片材的示例性描绘;
图1(b)是包括与第二发泡层的相对面物理相连的第一聚合物层的聚合物片材的示例性描绘;
图2(a)描绘了其中第一聚合物层包含颜料的聚合物片材的示例性实施方式;
图2(b)描绘了其中聚合物片材的相对面具有耐UV涂层的聚合物片材的示例性实施方式;
图2(c)描绘了聚合物片材的示例性实施方式,其中该聚合物片材具有包含UV吸收添加剂的第三聚合物层;
图2(d)描绘了图2(c)的聚合物片材的示例性实施方式,其中两个第一聚合物层置于第二发泡片材的相对面上。
图2(e)描绘了聚合物片材100的仍然另一个示例性实施方式,其中聚合物片材涂覆有多个UV涂层110和多个第三聚合物层114。
图2(f)描绘了另一个示例性实施方式,其中聚合物片材的一面设置有UV涂层和第三聚合物层,同时相对面上具有第二UV涂层、第二个第一聚合物层和第二个第三聚合物层;
图3描绘了其中聚合物片材上设置有另外的发泡层的另一个示例性实施方式;和
图4是用于13点光均匀性试验的实验装置的示例性描述。
具体实施方式
本文公开了可用于显示商业标志和可视技术的其它形式(下文中为显示器)的允许在大于或等于约9平方厘米的大表面积上均匀照明的聚合物片材。该聚合物片材允许在使用不同照明类型的显示器中均匀照明,这些照明包括白炽照明、荧光照明、高强度放电灯、气体放电灯和包括LED的其它照明形式、固态照明、电致发光照明、化学发光照明等,或者包含至少一种前述照明形式的组合。该聚合物片材是包括彼此工作相连的第一聚合物层和第二发泡层的多层片材。在示例性实施方式中,第一聚合物层的表面置于第二发泡层上并且与其紧密接触。
现在参考图1(a),聚合物片材100包括与第二发泡层106物理相连的第一聚合物层102。如图2中所示,第一聚合物层102可以设置在第二发泡层106的相对面上。图1(b)是包括两个第一聚合物层的聚合物片材的示例性描述。每一个第一聚合物层与第二发泡层的表面物理相连。可在图1(b)中看出,一个第一聚合物层接触第二发泡层106,同时第二个聚合物层接触第二发泡层106。
第一聚合物层102通常包含第一添加剂组合物,所述组合物允许大于或等于约75%的透光率同时对照明源提供足够的遮盖力。第一聚合物层102具有第一表面101和与第一表面101相对的第二表面103。在一种实施方式中,第一聚合物层102的作用是使得能够产生均匀的颜色分布以及提供在整个显示器上的均匀亮度强度分布。第一添加剂组合物中添加剂的例子是光散射添加剂、颜料、光学增白剂、UV添加剂、角位变异构添加剂(angular metamerism additives)、镜像添加剂等,或者包含至少一种前述添加剂的组合。第一聚合物层102可以是光学透明层或者半透明层。
第二发泡层106具有有效散射光的尺寸的泡孔。第二发泡层106具有第一表面105和与第一表面105相对的第二表面107。可在图1中看出,第一聚合物层102的第一表面101设置在第二发泡层106的第二表面107上并且与其紧密接触。第二发泡层106用于充当光扩散层,即它扩散从设置在聚合物片材上的用于照明领域的照明源(例如LED、荧光等)入射的光。第二发泡层106可以是闭孔泡沫体、开孔泡沫体,或者具有开孔和闭孔组合的泡沫体。第二发泡层106可以包含气凝胶、网状泡沫体、复合泡沫体(syntactic foam)等,或者包含至少一种上述泡沫体的组合。
除了上述层外还有其它层,例如包含UV吸收添加剂的第三层、包含UV吸收添加剂和颜料的第四层、提供耐磨性的第五层等。
各个聚合物层(例如第一、第二、第三、第四聚合物层等)可以包含有机聚合物。有机聚合物的例子是热塑性聚合物、热固性聚合物、热塑性聚合物共混物、热固性聚合物共混物,和热塑性聚合物与热固性聚合物的共混物。
热塑性聚合物可以是聚合物、共聚物、三聚物的共混物,或者包含至少一种上述热塑性聚合物的组合。热塑性聚合物也可以是低聚物、均聚物、共聚物、嵌段共聚物、交替嵌段共聚物、无规聚合物、无规共聚物、无规嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物、星型嵌段共聚物、树状体等,或者包含至少一种上述热塑性聚合物的组合。
热塑性聚合物的例子是聚缩醛、聚烯烃、聚丙烯酸类、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚丙烯酸酯、聚芳基砜、聚醚砜、聚苯硫醚、聚氯乙烯、聚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚四氟乙烯、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮、聚醚酮酮、聚苯并噁唑、聚苯酞、聚缩醛、聚酐、聚乙烯基醚、聚乙烯基硫醚、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯酮、聚乙烯基卤化物、聚乙烯腈、聚乙烯酯、聚磺酸酯、聚硫化物、聚硫酯、聚砜、聚磺酰胺、聚脲、聚磷腈、聚硅氮烷、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚氨酯、乙烯丙烯二烯橡胶(EPR)、聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯丙烯、全氟烷氧基乙烯、聚氯三氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯等,或者包含至少一种上述热塑性聚合物的组合。
热塑性聚合物共混物的例子包括:丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯/尼龙、聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯/聚氯乙烯、聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯、聚苯醚/尼龙、聚砜/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯/热塑性氨基甲酸酯、聚碳酸酯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、热塑性弹性体合金、尼龙/弹性体、聚酯/弹性体、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、乙缩醛/弹性体、苯乙烯-马来酸酐/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、聚醚醚酮/聚醚砜、聚醚醚酮/聚醚酰亚胺、聚乙烯/尼龙、聚乙烯/聚缩醛等。
光学透明的有机聚合物共混物也可用于聚合物片材中。优选的有机聚合物共混物是聚碳酸酯(PC)-聚(1,4-环己烷二甲醇-1,4-环己烷二羧酸酯)(PCCD)、PC-聚(环己烷二甲醇-共-对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)(PETG)、PC-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、PC-聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、PC-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、PC-PCCD-PETG、间苯二酚芳基聚酯-PCCD、间苯二酚芳基聚酯-PETG、PC-间苯二酚芳基聚酯、间苯二酚芳基聚酯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、间苯二酚芳基聚酯-PCCD-PETG、包含1,1-(双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)环己烷和双酚A的共聚物等,或者包含至少一种上述物质的组合。
热固性树脂的例子包括聚氨酯、天然橡胶、合成橡胶、环氧树脂、酚树脂、聚酯、聚酰胺、有机硅等,或者包含至少一种上述热固性树脂的组合。可以使用热固性树脂共混物以及热塑性树脂与热固性树脂的共混物。
有机聚合物通常以第一聚合物层总重量的约10-约90重量百分比(wt%)的量使用。有机聚合物通常以大于或等于第一聚合物层总重量的约33wt%,特别地大于或等于约35wt%,并且更特别地大于或等于约40wt%的量使用。此外,有机聚合物通常以小于或等于第一聚合物层总重量的约80wt%,特别地小于或等于约75wt%,并且更特别地小于或等于约70wt%的量使用。
第一聚合物层可以包含光散射剂,光散射剂散射从照明源入射在其上的光。这促进入射光均匀分散在第一聚合物层。合适的光散射剂的例子是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒、甲基丙烯酸酯丁二烯苯乙烯颗粒、二氧化钛、硫酸钡、二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锌等,或者包含至少一种前述颗粒的组合。也可以通过使第一聚合物层的表面粗糙化产生光散射。在一种实施方式中,可以使第一聚合物层的第二表面103粗糙化。另外,可以通过将光散射剂加入第一聚合物层并且通过使第一聚合物层的表面粗糙化产生散射。使第一聚合物层的不与第二发泡层接触的表面粗糙化,使得能够扩散或散射光。
光散射剂通常以第一聚合物层总重量的约1-约20重量百分比(wt%)的量使用。光散射剂通常以大于或等于第一聚合物层总重量的约2wt%,特别地大于或等于约3wt%,并且更特别地大于或等于约4wt%的量使用。此外,光散射剂通常以小于或等于第一聚合物层总重量的约19wt%,特别地小于或等于约18wt%,并且更特别地小于或等于约17wt%的量使用。
第一聚合物层包含光学增白剂。光学增白剂的例子包括光学增白剂(OBA)、荧光增亮剂(FBA)、荧光增白剂(FWA)等,或者包含至少一种上述光学增白剂的组合。光学增白剂是吸收电磁光谱的紫外和紫色区域(通常约340-约370纳米)中的光并且重新发出蓝色区域(通常约420-约470纳米)的光的染料。这些添加剂通常用于增强第一聚合物层的颜色外观、产生观察到的“增白”效果、通过增加反射的蓝光总量使得材料看起来较少泛黄。光学增白剂的例子是三嗪-芪(二、四或六磺化的)、香豆素、咪唑啉、二唑、三唑、苯并噁唑啉、联苯-芪等,或者包含至少一种上述光学增白剂的组合。
可以通过加入某些多醇比如高分子量聚乙二醇或聚乙烯醇“促进”光学增白剂。这些添加剂显著增加可见的蓝光发出。
光学增白剂通常以第一聚合物层总重量的约1-约20重量百分比(wt%)的量使用。光学增白剂通常以大于或等于第一聚合物层总重量的约2wt%,特别地大于或等于约3wt%,并且更特别地大于或等于约4wt%的量使用。此外,光学增白剂通常以小于或等于第一聚合物层总重量的约19wt%,特别地小于或等于约18wt%,并且更特别地小于或等于约17wt%的量使用。
如上所述,第一聚合物层可以包含颜料和染料(下文中称为颜料)。颜料可以是有机颜料、无机颜料,或者包含至少一种上述颜料的组合。
合适的有机颜料的例子是酞菁和它们的衍生物,卟啉和它们的衍生物,芘和它们的衍生物,蒽和它们的衍生物,蒽酮和它们的衍生物;蒽醌和它们的衍生物;克酮素(croconine)及其衍生物;单偶氮、二偶氮、三偶氮以及它们的衍生物;苯并咪唑酮以及它们的衍生物;二酮吡咯并吡咯(diketo pyrrole pyrrole)以及它们的衍生物;二嗪以及他们的衍生物;二芳基化物(diarylides)以及它们的衍生物;阴丹酮以及它们的衍生物;异二氢吲哚以及它们的衍生物;异吲哚啉酮以及它们的衍生物;萘酚以及它们的衍生物;吡呤酮(perinone)以及它们的衍生物;苝以及它们的衍生物例如二萘嵌苯酸酐或二萘嵌苯酸酰胺;三苯并[cd,jk]芘-5,10-二酮(ansanthrone)以及它们的衍生物;二苯并芘醌(dibenzpyrenequinone)以及它们的衍生物;皮蒽酮染料以及它们的衍生物;bioranthorone以及它们的衍生物;isobioranthorone以及它们的衍生物;二苯基甲烷和三苯基甲烷类颜料;花青和偶氮甲碱类颜料;靛蓝类颜料;二苯并咪唑类颜料;薁盐(azulenium salts);吡喃盐;噻喃盐;苯并吡喃盐;皮蒽酮染料以及它们的衍生物;喹吖啶酮(quinacidone)以及它们的衍生物;喹啉酮(quinophthalone)以及它们的衍生物;方酸菁(squaraine)以及它们的衍生物;方酸菁(squarilylum)以及它们的衍生物;无色染料以及它们的衍生物,氘化无色染料以及它们的衍生物;无色-吖嗪染料(leuco-azine dye);吖啶;二-和三-芳基甲烷染料;醌胺(quinoneamine);邻-硝基取代的亚芳基染料(arylidene dye),芳基硝酮染料等,或者包括至少一种前述有机颜料的组合。
合适的无机颜料的例子是三氧化锑、石青、硫酸钡、镉颜料、硫化镉、铬酸钙、铬橙、铬黄、氧化铬(III)、钴蓝、钴绿、埃及蓝、工程蓝、四氧化铅、锌钡白、斑纹蓝、彩金、拿浦黄、雌黄、巴黎绿、佩恩灰(Payne’s grey)、普鲁士蓝、谢勒绿(Scheele’s Green)、二氧化钛、钛黄、群青、威尼斯铅白、朱砂、铬绿、铅白、钴蓝釉、氧化锌、磷酸锌,或者包含至少一种上述无机颜料的组合。
颜料通常以第一聚合物层总重量的约1-约20重量百分比(wt%)的量使用。颜料通常以大于或等于第一聚合物层总重量的约2wt%,特别地大于或等于约3wt%,并且更特别地大于或等于约4wt%的量使用。此外,颜料通常以小于或等于第一聚合物层总重量的约19wt%,特别地小于或等于约18wt%,并且更特别地小于或等于约17wt%的量使用。
如上所述,第一聚合物层还包含UV吸收添加剂。合适的UV吸收添加剂的例子是二苯甲酮例如2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、4-十二烷氧基-2-羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-十八烷氧基二苯甲酮、2,2′-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2′-二羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2′-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2′,4,4′-四羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-5-磺基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-2′-羧基二苯甲酮、2,2′-二羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基-5-磺基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-甲基芳氧基)丙氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-氯二苯甲酮等;苯并三唑例如2,2′-(羟基-5-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2,2′-(羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基苯基)苯并三唑,和2,2′-(羟基-X-叔丁基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑等;水杨酸酯例如水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸羧基苯酯、水杨酸对辛基苯酯、水杨酸锶、水杨酸对-叔丁基苯酯、水杨酸甲酯、水杨酸十二烷酯等;以及其它紫外吸收剂例如间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯、2-氰基3-苯基肉桂酸2-乙基己基酯、2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯、2-2′-硫代双(4-叔辛基酚盐)-1-正丁胺等,或者包含至少一种上述UV吸收添加剂的组合。可商购获得的UV吸收剂的例子是可从Ciba Specialty Chemicals商购获得的TINUVIN 234、TINUVIN 329、TINUVIN 350和TINUVIN 360;可从Cyanamid商购获得的UV-5411(也成为CyasorbUV5411);和可从BASF商购获得的UVINOL 3030。对于通过挤出形成的制品,UVINOL 3030由于它的低挥发性而因此特别优选。也可以使用UV0006。UV吸收添加剂通常以第一聚合物层总重量的约1-约20重量百分比(wt%)的量使用。UV吸收添加剂通常以大于或等于第一聚合物层总重量的约2wt%,特别地大于或等于约3wt%,并且更特别地大于或等于约4wt%的量使用。此外,UV吸收添加剂通常以小于或等于第一聚合物层总重量的约19wt%,特别地小于或等于约18wt%,并且更特别地小于或等于约17wt%的量使用。
在一种实施方式中,使用BYK Gardner试验装置按照ASTM D 1003测量,第一聚合物层具有大于或等于约20,特别地大于或等于约30的透明度(例如遮盖力)。
第一聚合物层通常具有大于或等于约0.01微米的厚度。在一种实施方式中,第一聚合物层具有约0.1微米-约5,000微米,特别地约0.5微米-约3,000微米,并且更特别地约0.1-约2,500微米的厚度。
第二发泡层106包含具有约10纳米-约1毫米孔度的泡沫体。泡沫体具有约0.001克/立方厘米(g/cm3)-约1.1g/cm3的密度。泡沫体可以是气凝胶、网状泡沫体、非-网状泡沫体、复合泡沫体等。气凝胶可以是无机或有机的。无机气凝胶包括无机氧化物;无机氧化物是二氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化锆等,或者包含至少一种上述无机氧化物的组合。有机气凝胶包括间苯二酚-甲醛、碳-间苯二酚-甲醛等。气凝胶具有纳米数量级的非常小的孔。在一种实施方式中,气凝胶颗粒可与聚合物粘合剂一起粘结形成第二发泡层。聚合物粘合剂可以为泡沫体的形式。
气凝胶通常具有约1-约100纳米的孔径。在一种实施方式中,气凝胶具有大于或等于约2纳米,特别地大于或等于约5纳米,并且更特别地大于或等于约10纳米的孔径。在另一实施方式中,气凝胶具有小于或等于约90纳米,特别地小于或等于约80纳米,并且更特别地小于或等于约70纳米的孔径。
可用于第二发泡层中的一些聚合物在上面列出。将从上述列举中看出,具有约-150℃至约300℃玻璃化转变温度的聚合物可用于第二发泡层中。在一种实施方式中,具有大于或等于约室温(23℃)的玻璃化转变温度的聚合物可用于第二发泡层中。在另一实施方式中,用于第二发泡层中的聚合物希望地具有大于或等于约40℃,特别地大于或等于约70℃,并且更特别地大于或等于约150℃的玻璃化转变温度。可用于第二发泡层的有机聚合物的例子是聚碳酸酯、高热聚碳酸酯、间苯二酚芳基聚酯、聚碳酸酯与聚二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、高热聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚(1,4-环己烷二甲醇-1,4-环己烷二羧酸酯)(PCCD)、聚(环己烷二甲醇-共-对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)(PETG)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、间苯二酚芳基聚酯、聚醚酰亚胺、氟化乙烯聚合物、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯等,或者包含至少一种上述有机聚合物的组合。
泡沫体(用于第二发泡层)可以基于它们的泡孔结构分成两类。第一类泡沫体被称为开孔泡沫体。开孔泡沫体包含彼此连接并且形成相对软的互连网络的泡孔。第二类泡沫体不具有互连的泡孔并且被称为闭孔泡沫体。在一种实施方式中,闭孔泡沫体由于它们的结构而因此可以具有较高的压缩强度。闭孔可以装填特殊气体以提供改进的隔离。
泡沫体(第二发泡层中)也可以是聚合物网状泡沫体或非-网状泡沫体。可以通过机械搅拌(例如聚氨酯泡沫体)或者通过使用发泡剂(例如聚烯烃泡沫体)制备泡沫体。发泡剂可以分成物理发泡剂或化学发泡剂。
物理发泡剂的例子是包含含氢原子的组分的那些,其可以单独使用,或者作为彼此的混合物使用,或者与其它类型的发泡剂例如水或偶氮化合物一起使用。这些发泡剂可以选自广泛范围的材料,包括烃、醚、酯和部分卤代的烃、醚和酯等。物理发泡剂通常具有约-50℃至约100℃,并且特别地约-25℃至约50℃的沸点。在可用的含氢发泡剂中有HCFC(卤代氯氟烃)例如1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷、1,1-二氯-2,2,2-三氟乙烷、单氯二氟甲烷和1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷;HFC(卤代烃)例如1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷、2,2,4,4-四氟丁烷、1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-甲基丙烷、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,1,2,2-五氟丙烷、1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,2,3,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,2,2,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,1,3,3,4-六氟丁烷、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷、1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟丁烷、1,1,1,4,4-五氟丁烷、1,1,2,2,3,3-六氟丙烷、1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷、1,1-二氟乙烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷和五氟乙烷;HFE(卤代氟醚)例如甲基-1,1,1-三氟乙醚和二氟甲基-1,1,1-三氟乙醚;和烃例如正戊烷、异戊烷和环戊烷。
在通常气体和液体发泡剂中包括甲烷和乙烷的卤素衍生物,例如甲基氟化物、甲基氯化物、二氟甲烷、二氯甲烷、全氟甲烷、三氯甲烷、二氟氯甲烷、二氯氟甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷(CFC-12)、三氟氯甲烷、三氯单氟甲烷(CFC-11)、乙基氟化物、乙基氯化物、2,2,2-三氟-1,1-二氯乙烷(HCFC-123)、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、二氟四氯乙烷、1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷(HCFC-141b)、1,1-二氟-1-氯乙烷(HCFC-142b)、二氯四氟乙烷(CFC-114)、氯三氟乙烷、三氯三氟乙烷(CFC-113)、1-氯-1,2,2,2-四氟乙烷(HCFC-124)、1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)、1,1,1-三氟乙烷(HFC-143a)、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)、全氟乙烷、五氟乙烷、2,2-二氟丙烷、1,1,1-三氟丙烷、全氟丙烷、二氯丙烷、二氟丙烷、氯七氟丙烷、二氯六氟丙烷、全氟丁烷、全氟环丁烷、六氟化硫,及其混合物。
可使用的其它通常的气体和液体发泡剂是烃和其它有机化合物,例如乙炔、氨、丁二烯、丁烷、丁烯、异丁烷、异丁烯、二甲胺、丙烷、二甲基丙烷、乙烷、乙胺、甲烷、单甲胺、三甲胺、戊烷、环戊烷、己烷、丙烷、丙烯、醇、醚、酮等。惰性气体和化合物,例如二氧化碳、氮气、氩气、氖气或氦气可用作发泡剂,具有令人满意的结果。物理发泡剂可用于制备直接从挤出模具中出来的泡沫体。组成可以任选地包括化学发泡剂用于进一步膨胀。例举的物理发泡剂是二氧化碳和氮气。
可以使用在升高的温度下分解形成气体的固体化学发泡剂。一般而言,可分解的发泡剂将具有约130℃-约350℃的分解温度(结果释放气体材料)。代表的化学发泡剂包括偶氮二碳酰胺、p,p′-氧基双(苯)磺酰肼、对-甲苯磺酰肼、对-甲苯磺酰基半卡巴肼、5-苯基四唑、乙基-5-苯基四唑、二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺,和其它偶氮、N-亚硝基碳酸酯和磺酰肼,以及当加热时分解的各种酸/碳酸氢盐化合物。
在一种实施方式中,聚合物泡沫体的孔度可以具有约0.1微米-约100微米,特别地约1微米-约80微米,并且更特别地约5-约50微米的孔度。
在一种实施方式中,使用BYK Gardner试验装置按照ASTM D 1003测量,第二发泡层具有小于10,特别地小于或等于约5的透明度(例如遮盖力)。
基于泡沫体的总体积,第二发泡层希望地具有约70体积%-约99.8体积%,特别地约80-约99.6体积%并且更特别地约85-约99.4体积%的孔隙度。
如上所述,第二发泡层可以包含复合泡沫体。复合泡沫体是通过将金属、聚合物或陶瓷基质用被称为微球的中空颗粒填充而合成的复合材料。中空颗粒的存在产生较低密度、较高强度和较低热膨胀系数。适应能力(tailorability)是这些材料的最大优点。基质材料可以选自几乎任何金属、聚合物或陶瓷。例举的基质材料是聚合物。微球的例子是煤球(cenosphere)、玻璃微球、碳和聚合物微球。代替微球,可以使用其它填料例如二氧化钛、硫酸钡、二氧化硅、有机硅球或微球(例如)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒等,或者包含至少一种上述填料的组合。
复合泡沫体的压缩性能主要取决于微球的性能,而拉伸性能取决于将微球保持在一起的基质材料。有两种调节这些材料的性能的主要方式。第一种方法是改变复合泡沫体结构中微球的体积分数。第二种方法是使用不同壁厚的微球。一般而言,材料的压缩强度与其的密度成正比。
玻璃微球可以通过在称为超声喷射热解的方法中加热溶解的水玻璃的微小液滴而制备。为了特定的特征例如重量、砂磨能力和密封表面,微球也用于复合材料中以填充聚合物树脂。
玻璃微球被生产用于在研究、药物、消费品和各种工业中的广泛的各种应用。玻璃微球具有约100纳米-约5毫米,特别地约500纳米-约1000微米,并且特别地约1微米-约300微米的直径。
第二发泡层通常具有大于或等于约500微米的厚度。第二发泡层具有约1,000微米-约10,000微米,特别地约1,500微米-约9,000微米,并且更特别地约2,000-约8,500微米的厚度。
如上所述,可以将其它层例如第三层、第四层、第五层等加入到该聚合物片材。
包含第一聚合物层和第二发泡层的聚合物片材通常具有大于或等于约0.5毫米的厚度。在一种实施方式中,包含第一聚合物层和第二发泡层的聚合物片材可以具有约1毫米-约76毫米,特别地2毫米-约50毫米,特别地约3毫米-约20毫米,并且更特别地约4-约10毫米的厚度。
图2描绘了这种聚合物片材的各种示例性实施方式。可在图2(a)中看出,第一聚合物层106设置在第二发泡层106上形成聚合物片材100。这里,第一聚合物层102着色,即其包含颜料。第一聚合物层102还可以包含UV吸收添加剂。第二发泡层106也可以包含颜料。
在图2(b)中,第一聚合物层102设置在第二发泡层106上形成聚合物片材100。耐UV涂层110设置在聚合物片材100的相对面上。耐UV涂层可以包含一些上面列出的UV吸收添加剂,并且可以通过一些方法例如旋涂、涂刷、浸涂、喷涂、静电喷涂等施涂。
图2(c)表示与图2(b)中所示相同的聚合物片材100,所不同的是其具有设置在聚合物片材100的一个表面上的包含第二UV吸收添加剂的第三聚合物层114。尽管没有示出,但第三聚合物层114可以设置在与图2(c)中所示的表面相对的聚合物片材100的表面上。第三聚合物层114包含UV吸收添加剂,并且可以包含任选的颜料。
图2(d)描绘了图2(c)的聚合物片材,其具有设置在第二发泡片材106的相对面上的第一聚合物层102(其中有颜料)。如图2(d)所示,UV涂层110和第三聚合物层114然后可以设置在聚合物片材100上。作为选择,UV涂层110可以设置在与图2(d)所示相对的第三聚合物层114的表面上。
图2(e)描绘了聚合物片材100的仍然另一示例性实施方式,其中聚合物片材涂覆有多个UV涂层110和多个第三聚合物层114。在该图中,单个UV涂层110和单个第三聚合物层114设置在聚合物片材100的相对侧面上。
图2(f)描绘了另一个示例性实施方式,其中聚合物片材100的一个表面上设置有UV涂层100和第三聚合物层114,并且在相对面上设置有第二UV涂层100、第二个第一聚合物层102和第二个第三聚合物层114。
图3表示聚合物片材100上面可以设置另外的第二发泡层。如图2(a)-2(f)所示,可将其它层(例如第三聚合物层、第四聚合物层、UV涂层等)加入到聚合物片材100。
聚合物片材100可以通过各种不同的方法制造。在一种实施方式中,第一聚合物层102可以通过涉及挤出、模塑、轧制等的方法制造。第二发泡层106可以单独通过涉及挤出、轧制等的方法制造。在一种实施方式中,第一聚合物层102和第二发泡层106可以在压制机、模塑机、轧制机等中层压形成聚合物片材。在一种实施方式中,可以使用粘合剂将第一聚合物层102粘结在第二发泡层106上。
在示例性实施方式中,聚合物片材100可以在涉及共挤出的方法中制造。在一种实施方式中,在多层片材共挤出的一种方式中,将来自各个挤出机的熔体流(挤出物)送入进料区模具(feed block die),其中在进入模具前各个熔体流合并。在另一实施方式中,将来自各个挤出机的熔体流送入多歧管的内合并模具。不同的熔体流单独进入模具并且刚好在最终模具孔口内结合。在仍然另一实施方式中,将来自各个挤出机的熔体流送入多歧管外合并模具。外合并模具具有用于不同熔体流的完全分开的歧管,以及不同的孔口,各个熔体流穿过该孔口单独离开模具,刚好在模具出口之外结合。将各个层在仍然熔融时并且刚好在模具下游合并。用于制造聚合物片材100的例举的模具是进料区模具。
当使用有机聚合物制造第二发泡层106时,将有机聚合物、物理发泡剂、任选的交联剂、任选的引发剂和其它所希望的添加剂(例如颜料、光学增白剂等)在喉部送入熔体共混设备(例如挤出机、Buss捏合机等)。作为选择,发泡剂例如液体二氧化碳或超临界二氧化碳可以在进一步的下游泵入熔体共混设备。当将物理发泡剂泵入熔体共混设备时,希望设备中的熔体保持在一定的压力和温度下,以促进发泡剂溶于熔体并且还防止熔体在设备内发泡。当从熔体共混设备中出来时,挤出物将开始发泡。泡沫体密度取决于物理发泡剂在熔体中的溶解度,以及熔体共混设备与外部(例如环境条件)之间的压力和温度差值。如果使用固态化学发泡剂,则泡沫体密度将取决于使用的化学发泡剂的量。为了进行泡沫体的完全发泡,可以将挤出物在高温炉中进一步加工,在所述高温炉中中可以合并射频加热、微波加热和对流加热的。
聚合物片材100也可以使用热成型制造。在一种实施方式中,可以将第一聚合物层与设置在第一聚合物层表面上的邻接的聚合物层共挤出,形成多层片材。在一种实施方式中,邻接的聚合物层可以包含在共挤出期间引入的发泡剂。在另一实施方式中,将共挤出的多层片材浸入发泡剂例如二氧化碳中。在热成型期间,将邻接的层发泡形成第二发泡层。
在示例性实施方式中,第一聚合物层102可以从第一熔体共混设备中挤出,而第二发泡层106从第二熔体共混设备中挤出。在轧制机中将第一聚合物层102和第二发泡层106层压形成聚合物片材100。也可以共挤出粘结在聚合物片材100上的其它层(例如第三聚合物层、第四聚合物层等)。作为选择,可以将其中一个其它层送入卷轴并且可以如图2(a)-2(f)中所示层压在聚合物片材上。
在一种实施方式中,第一熔体共混设备和/或第二熔体共混设备可以是单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机、Buss捏合机等,或者包含至少一种上述设备的组合。在示例性实施方式中,用于第一聚合物层和第二发泡层共挤出的挤出机分别是单螺杆挤出机。如果希望,共挤出的聚合物片材可以任选地在轧制机中压延。
由此制造的聚合物片材100可以进行热成型形成各种形状的制品。在一种实施方式中,可以在热成型期间将第二发泡层进一步发泡。由此制造的聚合物片材可用于产生通过各种光源照明的标志。可用于本文公开的聚合物片材的例举光源是LED。
聚合物片材100具有许多有利的性能。该聚合物片材将对于标志或显示器而言在点亮与未点亮状态之间的色彩差异外观最小化。在一种实施方式中,在具有大于或等于约25平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约50平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约100平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约200平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约500平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约1,000平方厘米,并且更特别地大于或等于约10,000平方厘米表面积(一个表面上)的聚合物片材上,聚合物片材100具有在13点(亮度)均匀性试验中测量的小于或等于约50%,特别地小于或等于约20%,特别地小于或等于约10%,并且更特别地小于或等于约5%的亮度透过率变化。亮度变化相对于由在视频电子标准协会(VESA)定义的13点均匀性试验中在整个片材上测量的平均亮度测得。
在一种实施方式中,在聚合物片材的表面上,聚合物片材表现出小于或等于约20%的亮度变化;光源置于离首先被光照亮的聚合物片材表面的约12-约17毫米的距离。
在另一实施方式中,当用于照明聚合物片材的照明源是红光、蓝光、绿光或者包含至少一种上述有色光的组合时,具有大于或等于约1,000微米厚度的聚合物片材的以坎德拉/平方厘米(cd/m2)计的亮度为大于或等于约100,特别地大于或等于约200,并且更特别地大于或等于约500。在仍然另一实施方式中,当用于照明聚合物片材的照明源是红光、蓝光、绿光或者包含至少一种上述有色光的组合时,具有大于或等于约2,500微米厚度的聚合物片材的以坎德拉/平方厘米(cd/m2)计的亮度为大于或等于约100,特别地大于或等于约200,并且更特别地大于或等于约500。
在另一实施方式中,当用于照明聚合物片材的照明源是白光时,具有大于或等于约1,000微米厚度的聚合物片材的以坎德拉/平方厘米(cd/m2)计的亮度为大于或等于约1,000,特别地大于或等于约2,000,并且更特别地大于或等于约5,000。在仍然另一实施方式中,当用于照明聚合物片材的照明源是白光时,具有大于或等于约2,500微米厚度的聚合物片材的以坎德拉/平方厘米(cd/m2)计的亮度为大于或等于约1,000,特别地大于或等于约2,000,并且更特别地大于或等于约5,000。
在另一实施方式中,对于具有大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度和大于或等于约25平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约50平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约100平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约200平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约500平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约1,000平方厘米,并且更特别地大于或等于约10,000平方厘米的表面积(一个表面上)的聚合物片材,按照ASTM D2244根据透光率照明C试验测量的百分比透光率为约3%-约80%,特别地约4%-约50%,特别地约5%-约45%,并且更特别地约10-约40%。
在仍然另一实施方式中,对于具有大于或等于约1,500微米的厚度,特别地大于或等于约2,000微米的厚度,并且更特别地大于或等于约2,500微米的厚度和大于或等于约25平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约50平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约100平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约200平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约500平方厘米,特别地大于或等于约1,000平方厘米,并且更特别地大于或等于约10,000平方厘米的表面积(一个表面上)的聚合物片材,按照ASTM D 2244根据透光率照明C试验测量的百分比透光率为约3%-约80%,特别地约4%-约50%,特别地约5%-约45%,并且更特别地约10-约40%。
如上所述,聚合物片材可用于各种不同的制品。在一种实施方式中,其可以有利地用于显示标志例如商业标志、艺术品、图、广告和其它将被公众观看的信息。
意在例举的非限定性的以下实施例解释了本文公开的聚合物片材的多个实施方式中的一些的组成和制造方法。
实施例
实施例1
进行该实施例以说明本文公开的聚合物片材的遮盖力和它们相对于商购获得并且目前用于照明标志中的比较片材的优点。
将由聚合物片材(其例举了本公开的样品)制造的5个比较样品(下表1和2中的样品#1-5)和8个样品(下表1和2中的样品#6-13)进行照明试验以确定亮度百分比。按照ASTM D 1003测量雾度、散射透过率百分比和百分比透光率(总亮度透过率)。ASTM D 2244用于Macbeth颜色测量。比较样品和聚合物片材的组成分别在下面描述于表1和表2中。要注意,这些组成仅在它们已知的情形下才提供。例如,用作液晶电视机(LCD TV)中的屏幕的样品#5-Teijin 9391的组成是未知的,因此没有在下面提供。
将本公开的实施例(样品#6-13)共挤出。第一聚合物层和第二发泡层的各个组成示于表2中。第二发泡层通过具有单螺杆和8英寸螺杆直径的主挤出机挤出。从喉部到接近主挤出机的模具的机筒温度分别为410、440、480、510、527、537和450°F。主螺杆在42转/分钟下旋转。
第一聚合物层通过共挤出机螺杆挤出。从喉部到接近共挤出机螺杆的模具的机筒温度分别为420、440、465、480、480、480和450°F。共挤出机螺杆在48转/分钟下旋转。
从各个挤出机中出来的第一聚合物层和第二发泡层然后通过具有分别设置在554、558、545、527、537、550、580和574°F温度下的9个区(机筒)的模具。
在具有分别在195°F、210°F和270°F温度下工作的三个辊(辊#1、辊#2和辊#3)的3辊轧制机中将从模具出来的挤出物进行层压。该轧制机是抛光研磨机组件并且能够将聚合物片材的一个或两个表面都纹理化。对于这些实施例,聚合物片材没有纹理化。与片材厚度一起测试的一些组成示于表1中。余下的组成示于表2中。
表1
*=比较样品 **浓缩物配方5.66%TOSPEARL 120、0.05%光学增白剂EASTOBRITE OB1、0.09%IRGAPHOS 168、0.05%CYASORB 5411(UV吸收剂)
表2
将得自表1的所有样品进行如下描述的13点光均匀性试验。通常使用13点栅格定线沿着如图1所示的膜测量亮度分布。栅格中的13点由视频电子标准协会(VESA)定义。术语“点”是指光盒中光源的“位置”。这些点等距离间隔。可在图4中看出,该膜在测量亮度的表面上具有13个位置。在13个位置的每一个上的光源是冷阴极荧光(CCFL)。13点光盒中灯(光源)之间的平均距离为20.8毫米。光源的上部源与首先被灯照明的聚合物片材表面之间的距离为12.8毫米。每个灯被反射器包围,反射器将来自光源的光朝着聚合物片材反射。反射器底座与首先被灯照明的聚合物片材表面之间的距离为16.4毫米。
测量的参数是13点均匀性、亮度(以坎德拉/平方米计)、与用作液晶显示器格式中的电视屏幕的Teijin 9391中使用的聚合物片材的亮度比较的亮度百分比。其它测量的参数是百分比透光率照明C。结果示于下表3中。
表3
*比较例
可在表中看出,着色为白色的样品#6-8显示出与比较样品SG410和TUFFAK XL White相当的亮度透过率百分比。类似地,着色为蓝色的样品#10显示出与比较样品SG410和Tuffak XL White相当的百分比亮度透过率。
在各自样品上进行的13点均匀性试验显示出与用作液晶电视机(LCDTV)中的屏幕的Teijin 9391相当的结果。
本公开的聚合物片材提供了相对于用于商业标志的其它比较的屏幕和片材的许多优点。使光均匀分散的能力允许使用LED作为照明源。LED的使用允许较低的能耗和因此有效的光利用。所述聚合物片材使颜色均匀性最优化。使颜色均匀性最优化的该能力允许基于最近的相邻LED间距和LED光源与聚合物片材之间的距离将LED光源的数目最小化。所述聚合物片材还将对于标志或显示器而言点亮与未点亮状态之间的颜色差异外观最小化。
因为使用泡沫体用于扩散光,聚合物片材比用于显示照明标志并且不含泡沫体的比较聚合物片材轻至多约5wt%,特别地至多约10wt%,并且更特别地轻至多约20wt%。
聚合物片材的轻重量允许用于航空航天和运输应用,用于显示亮的颜色。例如,其可以容易地携带在机车、轮船、车辆例如公共汽车、卡车、汽车等的侧面上。
在一种实施方式中,聚合物片材包括第一聚合物层和第二发泡层;所述第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连;在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率,并且其中第一聚合物层包含允许大于或等于约75%的透光率的第一添加剂组合物;该第一添加剂组合物包含添加剂;所述添加剂是光散射添加剂、颜料、光学增白剂、紫外吸收添加剂或者包含至少一种前述添加剂的组合。
在另一实施方式中,聚合物片材包括第一聚合物层和第二发泡层;所述第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连;在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率,并且其中第二发泡层包含具有约10纳米-约1毫米孔度的泡沫体,所述泡沫体具有约0.001-约1.1克/平方厘米的密度。
在仍然另一实施方式中,聚合物片材包括第一聚合物层和第二发泡层;所述第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连;在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率,并且其中第二发泡层包含具有约10纳米-约1毫米孔度的泡沫体,所述泡沫体具有约0.001-约1.1克/平方厘米的密度,并且其中第二发泡层包含具有约0.1微米-约100微米孔度的泡沫体。
在另一实施方式中,聚合物片材包括第一聚合物层和第二发泡层;所述第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连;在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率,并且其中第二发泡层包含具有约10纳米-约1毫米孔度的泡沫体;所述泡沫体具有约0.001-约1.1克/平方厘米的密度,并且其中第二发泡层包含网状泡沫体、非网状泡沫体、复合泡沫体,或者包含至少一种上述泡沫体的组合。
在一种实施方式中,聚合物片材包括包含第一聚合物层和第二发泡层的聚合物片材;所述第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连;在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率,并且其中第二发泡层具有约500-约8,500微米的厚度。
尽管参照示例性实施方式描述了本发明,但本领域那些技术人员将理解可以作出各种改变并且等价物可以代替本发明的要素,只要不偏离本发明的范围。另外,可以作出许多改进以使特定的情形或材料适用于本发明的教导,只要不偏离本发明的基本范围。因此,意在使本发明不限于作为构思用于实施本发明的最好方式公开的特定实施方式,但本发明将包括落入附属的权利要求书范围内的所有实施方式。
Claims (27)
1.一种聚合物片材,包括:
第一聚合物层;和
第二发泡层;第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连;在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率。
2.权利要求1的聚合物片材,进一步包括第三聚合物层和/或第四聚合物层。
3.权利要求1的聚合物片材,进一步包括置于第一聚合物层表面上的另外的发泡层,所述第一聚合物层表面与第二发泡层接触的表面相对。
4.权利要求1的聚合物片材,其中第一聚合物层具有约0.01-约微米的厚度。
5.权利要求1或4中任一项的聚合物片材,其中第一聚合物层包含允许大于或等于约75%的透光率的第一添加剂组合物;该第一添加剂组合物包含添加剂;所述添加剂是光散射添加剂、颜料、光学增白剂、紫外吸收添加剂或者包含至少一种前述添加剂的组合。
6.权利要求1的聚合物片材,其中第二发泡层包含聚合物、气凝胶,或者包含聚合物和气凝胶的组合。
7.权利要求1或6中任一项的聚合物片材,其中第二发泡层包含具有约10纳米-约1毫米孔度的泡沫体;所述泡沫体具有约0.001-约1.1克/立方厘米的密度。
8.权利要求1、6或7中任一项的聚合物片材,其中第二发泡层包含具有约0.1微米-约100微米孔度的泡沫体。
9.权利要求1、6或7的聚合物片材,其中第二发泡层包含网状泡沫体、非网状泡沫体、复合泡沫体,或者包含至少一种上述泡沫体的组合。
10.权利要求1的聚合物片材,其中第二发泡层包含泡沫体,所述泡沫体具有约70体积%-约99.8体积%的孔隙度,基于泡沫体的总体积。
11.权利要求9的聚合物片材,其中该复合泡沫体包含聚合物和微球。
12.权利要求9的聚合物片材,其中该复合泡沫体包含聚合物和有机硅球。
13.权利要求1或9中任一项的聚合物片材,其中第二发泡层具有约500-约8,500微米的厚度。
14.权利要求1的聚合物片材,其中所述聚合物片材,在具有大于或等于约25平方厘米表面积的聚合物片材上,具有在13点均匀性试验中测量的小于或等于约20%的亮度透过率变化,并且其中亮度透过率变化相对于由整个聚合物片材上的平均亮度透过率测得。
15.权利要求1的聚合物片材,其中第一聚合物层置于第二发泡层上并且与其紧密接触。
16.权利要求1的聚合物片材,其中第一聚合物层和第二发泡层均包含聚碳酸酯。
17.权利要求1的聚合物片材,其中在聚合物片材的表面上,聚合物片材还表现出小于或等于约50%的亮度变化;光源置于离首先被来自光源的光照亮的聚合物片材表面的约12-约17毫米的距离。
18.权利要求1的聚合物片材,其中复合泡沫体包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒和有机硅球。
19.包括权利要求1的聚合物片材的制品。
20.一种方法,包括:
将第一聚合物层置于第二发泡层上形成聚合物片材;所述第一聚合物层与第二发泡层工作相连;在大于或等于约1,000微米的厚度下,该聚合物片材具有根据ASTM D 1003测量的约3%-约80%的百分比透光率。
21.权利要求20的方法,其中在聚合物片材的表面上,聚合物片材还表现出小于或等于约50%的亮度变化;光源置于离首先被来自光源的光照亮的聚合物片材表面的约12-约17毫米的距离。
22.权利要求20的方法,其中将第一聚合物层置于第二发泡层上的步骤通过层压进行。
23.权利要求20的方法,其中将第一聚合物层置于第二发泡层上的步骤通过共挤出进行。
24.权利要求20的方法,进一步包括将第三聚合物层和/或第四聚合物层置于聚合物片材上。
25.权利要求20的方法,进一步包括将另外的发泡层置于聚合物片材上。
26.权利要求20的方法,进一步包括使聚合物片材热成型。
27.通过权利要求20的方法制造的制品。
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Also Published As
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EP2355975A1 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
US20100124653A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
WO2010059551A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
US8859091B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
EP2355975B1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
CN102209625B (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
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