CN102153385A - Method for producing biological organic fertilizer by using oil shale as raw material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing a biological organic fertilizer by using oil shale as a raw material. The method comprises the following steps of: proportioning oil shale powder and organic substances to obtain a material containing 40 to 65 percent of water; loading: adding the totally prepared material into a stirrer, stirring the material uniformly, supplementing water, and stirring the material uniformly; adding 1 to 5 percent of fermenting agent, and stirring uniformly; conveying the materials to a fermentation tower; performing ventilated fermentation, wherein ventilation is performed once every hour and for 5 minutes every time, and hot air is introduced when the temperature is less than 15 DEG C; and after the fermentation is completed, adding functional bacteria liquid in an amount which accounts for 3 to 15 percent of the total weight of the organic materials. After the biological organic fertilizer is applied to grain crops, vegetables and fruit trees, the yield of wheat can be improved by 16.8 to 19.3 percent, the yield of corn can be improved by 17.1 to 21.6 percent, the yield of cucumber can be improved by 15.1 to 18.4 percent, the yield of cabbage can be improved by 14.6 to 17.8 percent, the yield of apple can be improved by 15.3 to 17.8 percent, the quality of agricultural products can be improved, and the soluble solids of apples can be improved by 7.6 to 8.3 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural fertilizers, especially a kind of is the biological organic fertilizer production method of main raw material with the resinous shale.
Background technology
Applying fertilizers scientifically is one of important measures that improve agricultural output and quality.Chemical fertilizer had once been brought into play vital role in agriculture production.But use chemical fertilizer of simple substance and composite chemical fertilizer in a large number, make the quality and safety of agricultural-food, problems have appearred in ecological and environmental protection etc.Also caused simultaneously the continuous decline of arable soil organic matter, physicochemical character is bad, the tilth variation is resisted to do the ability drop of natural disasteies such as morning, and soil nutrient is constantly unbalance in addition, utilization ratio and fertilising economic benefit to chemical fertilizer reduce gradually, it increases effect and reduces gradually, and has caused the farmland soil property to degenerate, and fertility descends, crops quality reduces, and problems such as pollution are on the rise.
Biological organic fertilizer can reduce soil nutrient to be fixed, and improves soil nutrient availability, regulates soil physical and chemical property, improves Soil structure, promotes the movable rhizosphere nutrition with plant of soil microorganisms to absorb, and has the effect of protecting fertile water conservation, degeneration-resistant, stable yields, volume increase.
The production application of microbial organic fertilizer is abroad from just widespread use of nineteen sixties.Though and China is also since last century eight, the nineties production application, paces are slower, still are in the starting stage so far.Be accompanied by the continuous quickening of economic globalization paces, China's agricultural by traditional agriculture to modern high-efficiency high-quality agricultural development.The target that agricultural-food are pursued is not only high yield, and high-quality and efficient, also wants ecology, environment, safety simultaneously.Bio-organic fertilizer then is the important foundation of realizing this goal.
The production of developed countries organic fertilizer and use have accounted for fertilizer and have used more than 50% of total amount, and the production of the present fertilizer of China and use account for about 20% of fertilizer use total amount, lag far behind abroad, caused the great attention of country and the extensive concern of fertiliser production enterprise.Adopt various measures, promote promoting the use of of organic fertilizer, constantly build the green agriculture of ecological friendly type and environmental protection type agricultural type.
Resinous shale is a geologic epoch gyittja thing, and in deposition process, many animals and plants mix with fine earth, and through secular high pressure and the effect of suspicion gas, plant and animal residues develops gradually and forms.The shale oil stock number that whole world resinous shale is contained has 3,662 hundred million tons substantially, Duos 50% at least than traditional petroleum resources amount.China's resinous shale verifies+4,832 hundred million tons of prognostic reserves, occupy the 4th in the world.Resinous shale reserves distributed more widely in Shaanxi Province's are more than 6.4 hundred million ton, occupy the 5th in the whole nation.Wherein in the majority with Tongchuan, whole city's standing stock reach more than 4.6 hundred million ton, account for 72.9% of Shaanxi Province's oil shale reserves,, occupy the whole province first place.The resinous shale of Tongchuan City is concentrated precious jade song, the Qiao Shannan section Yijun County be distributed in the credit state cry time Ni He village, spring township, chessboard town; Wu Li town elm house; The strong bridge in Yintai District gold lock township and He Jiafang village etc.The resinous shale main component is organic matter, mineral substance and moisture.Through assay, differ greatly according to the difference on ore deposit ground; Organic content is at 11-50%, and full nitrogen, content of tatal phosphorus contain the required nutritive element of multiple kinds of crops all more than 0.6%; Also contain various trace elements and multiple radioelement such as uranium, radium (seeing Table 2) such as boron, manganese, iron, zinc.
Show that through the overall survey of soil result agricultural land soil topsoil organic average content in the city's is 0.89%, nitrogen phosphorus and micronutrient boron, zinc etc. generally lack.The barren middle-and-low-yielding fields that are of arable soil of the non-irrigated plateau 80% in the city and even north, Weihe have now become the main bottleneck that restricts city's crop yield and quality improving.So applying organic manure, the extra-nutrition element is increase soil fertility, and constantly strengthen the soil fertility construction and become the significant problem that city's agricultural sustainable development is exhaled in the pass, also be the main contents of " fertile soil engineering ".Therefore active research is developed and is applied resinous shale, to city's upgrading low-and medium-yield farmland, improves the soil organism, balance soil nutrient, reduces the chemical fertilizer input, opens up new organic fertilizer resource, makes full use of land resources and has very urgent and significance.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that to provide a kind of at the deficiencies in the prior art be the biological organic fertilizer production method of raw material with the resinous shale.
A kind of is the biological organic fertilizer production method of raw material with the resinous shale, may further comprise the steps:
(1) batching: comprise resinous shale powder and organic matter, organic content 30%-70% in total material; Carbon-nitrogen ratio 30-35: 1, PH is between the 6.5-7; Moisture content is 40-65%;
(3) material loading: total material that will prepare drops in the stirrer and stirs evenly, and moisturizing stirs evenly; Add starter 1-5%, stir evenly; Be transported to fermentation tower, pave, expect thick 40-50cm;
(4) ventilating fermentation: per hour ventilate 1 time, each 5 minutes, when temperature is lower than 15 ℃, should feed hot blast;
(5) after fermentation is finished, add function yeast bacterium liquid; Add-on is the 3-15% of organic fertilizer total amount.
Described biological organic fertilizer production method, preferred, described organic content should be 50%-70%.
Described biological organic fertilizer production method, described batching is: the weight percent with total material calculates apple residue 10-25%, resinous shale powder 30-50%, chicken manure 10-15%, cattle and sheep excrement 5-30%, calcium superphosphate 5%.
Described biological organic fertilizer production method, described starter preparation may further comprise the steps successively: the preparation of slant strains, the preparation of eggplant bottle bacterial classification, seed enlarged culturing, fermentation vat enlarged culturing.
Described biological organic fertilizer production method, described slant strains comprise subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), B1; Candida lipolytica (Candida lipolytica); Viride (Trichoderma viride); Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus orgzae) 30163 or IFFI 20225; Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bacillus stearothermophilus); Sporotrichum thermophile (Thermophilic sporotrichum).
Described biological organic fertilizer production method, the preparation of described function yeast bacterium liquid may further comprise the steps successively: the preparation of slant strains, the preparation of eggplant bottle bacterial classification, seeding tank enlarged culturing, fermentor tank enlarged culturing.
Described biological organic fertilizer production method, the slant strains of described function yeast bacterium liquid comprises: freeze sample genus bacillus (Bacillus mucilagimosus) Accc10013; Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) Accc10011; Bacillus chitinivorous (Bacillus chitinolyticus); Subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) 10088; Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus).
Resinous shale has inexpensive advantage as a kind of local natural resources.The exploitation that the eighties just has the expert repeatedly to prove resinous shale is worth, but fail systematic study and implement, and the applicant has done great deal of experimental for many years in this respect, various farm crop have been filtered out, the optimum spraying amount of resinous shale and application process, be the best wherein, reach 15-20% through multiple spot test amount of increase in production, for solid technical foundation has been established in the big area development and use with result of use after the fermentation detoxification.A large amount of evidence resinous shale is after the fermentation detoxification, if large scale application except that self economic benefit, will obtain considerable economic results in society, also can become another new growth engines of development of resources in the Economic Development at County Level process.
After using on food crop, vegetables, the fruit tree, can improve wheat yield 16.8%～19.3%, corn yield 17.1～21.6%, cucumber yield 15.1%～18.4%, wild cabbage output 14.6%～17.8%, apple production 15.3%～17.8%, and can improve quality of agricultural product, improve apple soluble solid 7.6%～8.3%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a production method process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1: the resinous shale zymotechnique
Organic materials fermentation maturity technology is the technological core that biological organic fertilizer is produced in the batch production of agriculture waste resource.Its process is to create the envrionment conditions of the normal breeding of a good microorganism, promotes the microbial metabolism process, quickens organic materials and decomposes, and emits and assembles heat, improves temperature of charge, kills various pathogenic bacterias and parasitic ovum, obtains the high-quality biological organic fertilizer.
1, fermentation tower.Fermentation tower is the rectangle tower, and inside is layered structure, is generally six layers, and ventilated up and down, volume is changeable, is generally 2.5m * 6-9m, can single tower or multitower associated plant.Table 1 is the tower fermentation railway carriage or compartment parameter that Tongchuan provincial clay fertilizer new technology new-product development company builds.
The tower fermentation of table 1 railway carriage or compartment parameter is improved table
Table 2 resinous shale component (inorganic part)
2, batching, fermentation.Organic content 30%-70% in total material is preferably 50-70%; Carbon-nitrogen ratio 30-35: 1, guarantee the power supply of microbial metabolism; PH is between the 6.5-7; Moisture content is 40-65%.Concrete operation method is:
(1) batching: apple residue 10-25%, resinous shale powder 30-50%, chicken manure 10-15%, cattle and sheep excrement 5-30%, calcium superphosphate 5%; Water content 40-65% (should measure the raw material water content earlier before the batching);
(2) material loading: raw material dropped in the stirrer stir evenly, moisturizing stirs evenly; Add starter 1-5%, detailed introduction is arranged among the production method of ferment embodiment 2; Stir evenly; Be transported to fermentation tower, pave, expect thick 40-50cm;
(3) ventilating fermentation: per hour ventilate each 5 minutes (when temperature is lower than 15 ℃, should feed hot blast) 1 time;
(4) stirring: behind the material loading 24-36h (when middle layer temperature during greater than 65 ℃), 24-36h ploughs under down one deck with material);
(5) blanking: every 24-36h (when water content meets the requirements) is put a layered material.
3, temperature adjusting technology.Turn over once general every day, and 5-7 days is one-period.The temperature adjusting principle is: earlier fermentation (1-2 days) is raised to 70 ℃ of high temperature fast, keeps material 60-70 ℃ mid-term, 3-4 days.Latter temperature falls after rise extremely near normal temperature.Temperature is lower than 5 ℃, take the foreign aid to heat; Temperature is higher than 33 ℃, add forced ventilation, and leavening temperature is no more than 70 ℃.
4, after fermentative processing is finished, add function yeast bacterium liquid.After function yeast liquid preparation is finished and the organic materialss such as powdery resinous shale that ferment mix, granulation or not granulation are packaged into finished product.Add-on is the 3-15% of organic fertilizer total amount.Starter mainly is the organic substances such as harmful organic substance, pitch and aromatic hydrocarbon that decompose in the resinous shale, and kills various pathogenic bacterias and parasitic ovum in other organic materialss by the high temperature that fermentation is produced, thereby obtains green organic fertilizer.
Function yeast liquid is to add on the basis of acquisition organic fertilizer.Its purpose is exactly by physiologically active substances such as various function yeast excretory plurality of enzymes, hormone, amino acid, inner complexs, and effective activating soil nutrient improves the biological effectiveness of nutrient; And some function yeast wherein have the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion effect, can reduce crop fungal disease, remove the continuous cropping obstacle obvious effect is arranged, and obvious effect of increasing production, agricultural product quality has clear improvement.
Embodiment 2: the starter preparation
1, the preparation of slant strains is with reference to figure 1
(1) bacterial classification
1) subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), B1.
2) Candida lipolytica (Candida lipolytica): energy degraded oil or hydro carbons meet fertilizer starter safety requirements.
3) viride (Trichoderma viride): the cellulase activity height, cultivate easily, do not produce toxin, meet fertilizer starter safety requirements.
4) aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus orgzae) 30163 or IFFI 20225; Produce proteolytic enzyme, do not produce toxin, meet fertilizer starter safety requirements.
5) bacillus stearothermophilus (Bacillus stearothermophilus) is high temperature resistant, the cellulase activity height.
6) sporotrichum thermophile (Thermophilic sporotrichum) is high temperature resistant, the cellulase activity height.
(2) substratum
1) potato substratum (being used for subtilis, bacillus stearothermophilus, sporotrichum thermophile) is (g/L):
20% murphy juice 1000mL, sucrose 20, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2, sal epsom 1, VITMAIN B1 10mg, agar 20, water 1000mmL; PH7.2-7.5; 1/5,121 ℃ of sterilization of packing test tube 25min.
2) bean sprouts medium (being used for Candida lipolytica, viride, aspergillus oryzae, sporotrichum thermophile) is (g/L):
10% soybean sprout juice 1000mL, sucrose 30, agar 20, pH7.2-7.5; 1/5,121 ℃ of sterilization of packing test tube 25min.
(3) culture temperature and time
1) subtilis: 28 ℃, 3d;
2) Candida lipolytica: 28 ℃, 4d;
3) viride, aspergillus oryzae: 28 ℃, 5-7d;
4) bacillus stearothermophilus: 45 ℃, 3d;
5) sporotrichum thermophile: 45 ℃, 5d;
(4) specification of quality: form typical case, do not have assorted bacterium, viride, aspergillus oryzae, sporotrichum thermophile spore maturation.
2, the preparation of eggplant bottle bacterial classification
(1) substratum
1) potato substratum (being used for subtilis, bacillus stearothermophilus, sporotrichum thermophile): culture medium prescription is identical with slant medium, pH7.2-7.5; Packing eggplant bottle, 100mL/500mL, 121 ℃ of sterilization 30min.
2) bean sprouts medium (being used for Candida lipolytica, viride, aspergillus oryzae, sporotrichum thermophile): culture medium prescription is identical with slant medium, pH7.2-7.5; Packing eggplant bottle, 100mL/500mL, 121 ℃ of sterilization 30min.
(2) culture temperature and time
1) subtilis: 28 ℃, 3d;
2) Candida lipolytica: 28 ℃, 4d;
3) viride, aspergillus oryzae: 28 ℃, 5-7d;
4) bacillus stearothermophilus: 45 ℃, 3d;
5) sporotrichum thermophile: 45 ℃, 5d;
(3) specification of quality: form typical case, do not have assorted bacterium, viride, aspergillus oryzae, sporotrichum thermophile spore maturation.
(4) bacterium liquid preparation: according to aseptic technique, every bottle washes lawn with the 100mL sterilized water, is transferred in the inoculation bottle of the bacterium of going out standby.
3, seed enlarged culturing
(1) seeding tank enlarged culturing
1) substratum (kg/ jar):
Semen Maydis powder 1.0, brown sugar 0.5, wheat bran 1.0, soybean cake powder 0.5, ammonium sulfate 0.1, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1, sal epsom 0.02, sodium-chlor 0.04, lime carbonate 0.2, yeast extract paste 0.14;
Sodium hydroxide an amount of (subtilis, hot fatty bacillus pH7.3-7.5 before the sterilization, Candida lipolytica, viride, aspergillus oryzae, sporotrichum thermophile pH7.0-7.2);
Soya-bean oil 0.25L, the volume that feeds intake account for cumulative volume 136L (68%);
121 ℃ of sterilization 30min.
2) inoculum size: 3 bottles/jar.
3) culture condition and time
Subtilis: 28 ℃ of culture temperature; Tank pressure 0.05Mpa; Air flow 1: 0.5 stirred 3-5 minute in per 30 minutes; Incubation time 12-18h.
Candida lipolytica: 28 ℃ of culture temperature; Tank pressure 0.05Mpa; Air flow 1: 0.5 stirred 3-5 minute in per 30 minutes; Incubation time 16-24h.
Viride, aspergillus oryzae: 28 ℃ of culture temperature; Tank pressure 0.05Mpa; Air flow 1: 0.5 stirred 3-5 minute in per 30 minutes; Incubation time 48-52h.
Bacillus stearothermophilus: 45 ℃ of culture temperature; Tank pressure 0.05Mpa; Air flow 1: 0.5 stirred 3-5 minute in per 30 minutes; Incubation time 16-20h.
Sporotrichum thermophile: 45 ℃ of culture temperature; Tank pressure 0.05Mpa; Air flow 1: 0.5 stirred 3-5 minute in per 30 minutes; Incubation time 48-60h.
4) specification of quality: form typical case, do not have assorted bacterium.
(2) solid medium enlarged culturing
1) substratum:
Wheat bran 60%, soybean cake powder 10%, straw powder 20%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, loam 5%, brown sugar 1%, lime powder 1% (subtilis, hot fatty bacillus pH7.3-7.5 before the sterilization, Candida lipolytica, viride, aspergillus oryzae, sporotrichum thermophile pH7.0-7.2), water content 50%;
After raw material mixed thoroughly, poach divided pack into lunch box, wide-necked bottle, Polypropylene Bag, and tying is broken up behind 121 ℃ of sterilization 60min while hot, inserts inclined-plane or eggplant bottle seed when being chilled to 30 ℃, and inclined-plane seed and eggplant bottle seed all can use this substratum.
2) culture condition and time
Subtilis: 28 ℃, 3d;
Candida lipolytica: 28 ℃, 4d;
Viride, aspergillus oryzae: 28 ℃, 5-7d;
Bacillus stearothermophilus: 45 ℃, 3d;
Sporotrichum thermophile: 45 ℃, 5d;
3) specification of quality: form typical case, do not have assorted bacterium, viride, aspergillus oryzae, sporotrichum thermophile spore maturation.
4, fermentation vat enlarged culturing
(1) substratum
Wheat bran 50%, straw powder 30%, loam 20%, brown sugar (yeast adds, and all the other bacterium do not add) 1%, lime powder (subtilis, bacillus stearothermophilus add, and all the other bacterium do not add) 1%, water content (comprising bacterium liquid) 30-40%; Every kind of bacterium is joined 200-300kg.
(2) inoculum size: liquid seeds 10-20%, solid seed 0.5-1%;
(3) culture condition and time:
1) subtilis: 300kg is put 1 pond, and 28 ℃ of culture temperature leave standstill 4-6h, intermittent aeration when temperature＞32 ℃; Incubation time 24-48h.
2) Candida lipolytica: 300kg is put 1 pond, and 28 ℃ of culture temperature leave standstill 4-6h, intermittent aeration when temperature＞30 ℃; Incubation time 48-72h.
3) viride, aspergillus oryzae: every kind of each 200kg of bacterium, two kinds of bacterium are put 1 pond (respectively accounting for half), and 28 ℃ of culture temperature leave standstill 4-6h, intermittent aeration when temperature＞30 ℃; Incubation time 48-72h.
4) bacillus stearothermophilus: 200kg is put 1 pond (respectively accounting for half) with sporotrichum thermophile, and 45 ℃ of culture temperature leave standstill 4-6h, intermittent aeration when temperature＞50 ℃; Incubation time 48-72h.
5) sporotrichum thermophile: 200kg is put 1 pond (respectively accounting for half) with bacillus stearothermophilus, and 45 ℃ of culture temperature leave standstill 4-6h, intermittent aeration when temperature＞50 ℃; Incubation time 48-72h.
(4) specification of quality: outward appearance and smell are normal, put shady and cool dry ventilation after the discharging, pile thick 20-30cm, preservation period 3-7d.
Embodiment 3: the preparation of function yeast bacterium liquid
1, the preparation of slant strains is with reference to figure 1
(1) bacterial classification
1) freezes sample (colloid) genus bacillus (Bacillus mucilagimosus) Accc10013
2) bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) Accc10011
3) erosion (separating) chitin genus bacillus (Bacillus chitinolyticus): produce chitinase, disease-resistant fungal pathogens meets agricultural microorganism microbial inoculum safety requirements.
4) subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) 10088.
5) bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus)
(2) substratum
1) silicate bacteria substratum (being used to freeze sample (colloid) genus bacillus) is (g/L):
Sucrose 10, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2, Sodium phosphate dibasic 1.8, sal epsom 0.5, iron trichloride 0.005, lime carbonate 0.1, glass powder (or potassium breeze) 3, yeast extract paste 1, agar 20, water 1000mmL; PH7.2; 1/5,121 ℃ of sterilization of packing test tube 25min.
2) beef-protein medium (being used for bacillus megaterium, erosion (separating) chitin genus bacillus, subtilis, bacillus cereus) is (g/L):
Extractum carnis 3, peptone 10, sodium-chlor 5, agar 20, water 1000mmL; PH7.2-7.5; 1/5,121 ℃ of sterilization of packing test tube 25min.
(3) culture temperature and time
1) freeze sample (colloid) genus bacillus: 28 ℃, 3d;
2) bacillus megaterium, erosion (separating) chitin genus bacillus, subtilis, bacillus cereus: 28-30 ℃, 3d.
(4) specification of quality: form typical case, do not have assorted bacterium, no plaque.
2, the preparation of eggplant bottle bacterial classification
(1) substratum
1) silicate bacteria substratum (being used to freeze sample (colloid) genus bacillus): culture medium prescription is identical with slant medium, pH7.2; Packing eggplant bottle, 100mL/500mL, 121 ℃ of sterilization 30min.
2) potato substratum (being used for bacillus megaterium, erosion (separating) chitin genus bacillus, subtilis, bacillus cereus) is (g/L):
20% murphy juice 1000mL, sucrose 20, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2, sal epsom 1, VITMAIN B1 10mg, agar 20, water 1000mmL; PH7.2-7.5; Packing eggplant bottle, 100mL/500mL, 121 ℃ of sterilization 30min.
(2) culture temperature and time
1) freeze sample (colloid) genus bacillus: 28 ℃, 24h;
2) bacillus megaterium, erosion (separating) chitin genus bacillus, subtilis, bacillus cereus: 30 ℃, 18h.
(3) specification of quality: form typical case, do not have assorted bacterium, no plaque.
(4) bacterium liquid preparation: according to aseptic technique, every bottle washes lawn with the 100mL sterilized water, is transferred in the inoculation bottle of the bacterium of going out standby.
3, seeding tank enlarged culturing
(1) substratum
1) silicate bacteria substratum (being used to freeze sample (colloid) genus bacillus) (kg/ jar):
Semen Maydis powder 1.4, brown sugar 0.28, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.28, Sodium phosphate dibasic 0.25, sal epsom 0.05, lime carbonate 0.05, yeast extract paste 0.14, iron trichloride 0.2g, hydroxide clock an amount of (pH7.2-7.5 before the sterilization), soya-bean oil 0.15L, the volume that feeds intake account for cumulative volume (136L) 68%; 121 ℃ of sterilization 30min.
2) bacillus megaterium, erosion (separating) chitin genus bacillus, subtilis, bacillus cereus substratum (kg/ jar):
Semen Maydis powder 1.8, brown sugar 0.28, soybean cake powder 1.5, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.14, ammonium sulfate 0.14, sal epsom 0.02, sodium-chlor 0.04, Repone K 0.04, lime carbonate 0.2, yeast extract paste 0.14; Ferrous sulfate 2g, manganous sulfate 4g; Sodium hydroxide an amount of (pH7.3-7.5 before the sterilization), soya-bean oil 0.25L, the volume that feeds intake accounts for cumulative volume 68%; 121 ℃ of sterilization 30min.
(2) culture condition and time
1) freeze sample (colloid) genus bacillus:
PH7.0-7.2; 28 ℃ of culture temperature; Tank pressure 0.05Mpa; Air flow 1: 0.5 stirred 3-5 minute in per 30 minutes; Incubation time 20-24h.
2) bacillus megaterium, erosion (separating) chitin genus bacillus, subtilis, bacillus cereus:
PH7.0-7.5; Culture temperature 28-30 ℃; Tank pressure 0.05Mpa; Air flow 1: 0.5 stirred 3-5 minute in per 30 minutes; Incubation time 18-24h.
(3) specification of quality: form typical case, do not have assorted bacterium.
4, fermentor tank enlarged culturing
(1) substratum
1) silicate bacteria substratum (being used to freeze sample (colloid) genus bacillus) (kg/ jar):
Semen Maydis powder 10, brown sugar 3.0, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2.8, Sodium phosphate dibasic 2.5, ammonium sulfate 1.4, sal epsom 0.5, lime carbonate 0.5, yeast extract paste 1.4; Iron trichloride 2g, potassium hydroxide an amount of (pH7.2-7.5 before the sterilization), soya-bean oil 1.7L, the volume that feeds intake account for cumulative volume 1360L (68%); 121 ℃ of sterilization 30min.
2) bacillus megaterium, erosion (separating) chitin genus bacillus, subtilis, bacillus cereus substratum (kg/ jar):
Semen Maydis powder 14, brown sugar 3.0, soybean cake powder 15, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1.4, ammonium sulfate 1.4, sal epsom 0.15, sodium-chlor 0.4, Repone K 0.4, lime carbonate 0.5, yeast extract paste 1.4; Ferrous sulfate 10g, manganous sulfate 40g; Sodium hydroxide an amount of (pH7.3-7.5 before the sterilization), soya-bean oil 2.5L, the volume that feeds intake account for cumulative volume 1360L (68%); 121 ℃ of sterilization 30min.
(2) culture condition and time
1) freeze sample (colloid) genus bacillus:
PH7.0-7.2; 28 ℃ of culture temperature; Tank pressure 0.05Mpa; Air flow 1: 0.5 stirred 5-10 minute in per 30 minutes; Incubation time 48-72h.
2) bacillus megaterium, erosion (separating) chitin genus bacillus, subtilis, bacillus cereus:
PH7.0-7.5; Culture temperature 28-30 ℃; Tank pressure 0.05Mpa; Air flow 1: 0.5 stirred 5-10 minute in per 30 minutes; Incubation time 48-72h.
(3) specification of quality: form typical case, the assorted bacterium of living bacteria count and nothing meets the quality index of intermediate survey regulation.
The new and effective biological organic fertilizer that the present invention produces has merged the special fertilizer formula technology of composite bacteria efficiently and multiplication technique thereof, advanced raw material blending technology and biological fermentation system, the best.Product and production technology have following salient feature:
1, products material is turned waste into wealth, and uses back remarkable increase agricultural output and promotes quality
This product is a main raw material with resinous shale, feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural wastes, apple residue etc., utilize the nutrient in the biological organic fertilizer that agricultural wastes decomposition product and resinous shale make to have long-lasting and harmonious, but at crop growth period equilibrium supply nutrient, after using on grain, vegetables, the fruit tree, not only output can be improved, and quality can be improved.Evidence, after using on food crop, vegetables, the fruit tree, can improve wheat yield 16.8%～19.3%, corn yield 17.1～21.6%, cucumber yield 15.1%～18.4%, wild cabbage output 14.6%～17.8%, apple production 15.3%～17.8%, pears output 16.5%～19.9%, and can improve quality of agricultural product, improve apple soluble solid 7.6%～8.3%, pears soluble solid 8.0%～9.1%.Product uses has obvious effect to minimizing crop fungal disease, releasing continuous cropping obstacle, obvious effect of increasing production, and agricultural product quality has clear improvement.
2, the advance of strain improvement and fungicide preparation
Modern liquid submerged fermentation preparation, number of viable height, steady quality are adopted in the preparation of function microbial inoculum in this product.The bacillus megaterium that seed selection obtains, subtilis etc. can secrete physiologically active substances such as plurality of enzymes, hormone, amino acid, inner complex, effective activating soil nutrient, the biological effectiveness of raising nutrient; And seed selection has obtained the agricultural wastes harmless treatment be made up of the rotten microorganism of speed, deodorizing microorganism, beneficial microorganism and the microbiobacterial agent of fertilizer utilization.The rotten microorganism of speed can shorten the decomposition cycle of agricultural wastes effectively, the decomposition pyroprocess can effectively be killed causal organism, deodorizing microorganism can reduce the decay process foul smell and produce, reduce nutrient loss, beneficial microorganism fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, beneficial microorganism excretory enzyme, hormone, organic acid, inner complex can activate nutrient, improve the biological effectiveness of nutrient.Function yeast is the bacillus with broad-spectrum antifungal, not only plant pathogenic fungi is had remarkable restraining effect, also has the effect that stimulates plant growth, and to people and animal and plant safety, the survival time is long.
3, the advance of production technology
1. products production adopts advanced tower high temperature fermentation system, and fermenting speed is fast, and is effective, but killing ova and germ, and product moisture content is low.
2. adopt advanced granulating equipment and drying plant, can directly produce the biological organic fertilizer spherical granules, and the not returning charge of uniform particles of producing, balling ratio is greater than 95%, and the product nutrient is even, granular size unanimity, suitable mechanical fertilising.
3. products production adopt low temperature dry by the fire in or dry technological method naturally, can not influence the bacterium work quantity of biological bacteria, the function yeast number of viable is big.Low temperature in the biological organic fertilizer production process helps keeping microorganism active and reduces organic loss.After the use, can increase soil with organic matter content, reduce the soil weight, improve soil porosity, increase soil aggregate, strengthen soil poultry preserve moisture and fertility ability, improve the soil physical chemistry shape.
4. obtained the optimum condition and the parameter of agricultural wastes decompositions, C/N is than 30: 1～35: 1,52～60 ℃ of temperature, moisture content 50～55%, ventilation 0.5～1.0m3O2/ (kg organism sky), and the regulate and control method of these factors.
5. obtained to utilize resinous shale to make the complete technological process of production and the parameter of biological organic fertilizer.
4, formula for a product is flexible, with strong points
Formula for a product can be carried out best nutrient unitized design to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, macroelement and trace element according to different soil types and the nutrient uptake feature of farm crop, and is with strong points.
Four, the technical indicator that reaches
1, quality index:
(1) organic matter: should meet national standard and company standard.
(2) nutrient content: should meet national standard and company standard.
(3) main technical details:
Living bacteria count (cfu): 〉=0.20 hundred million/g (pulvis), 0.20 hundred million/g (particle).
Organic (in butt): 〉=25.0% (pulvis), 25.0% (particle).
Moisture content :≤30.0% (pulvis), 15.0% (particle).
Ph value: 5.5～8.5 (pulvis), 5.5～8.5 (particles).
Excrement colibacillus group number :≤100/gmL (pulvis) ,≤100/gmL (particle).
Induced worm egg death rate: 〉=95% (pulvis), % 〉=95% (particle).
Validity period: 〉=June (pulvis), 〉=June (particle).
(4), target for increased production: after using on food crop, vegetables, the fruit tree, can improve wheat yield 16.8%～19.3%, corn yield 17.1～21.6%, cucumber yield 15.1%～18.4%, wild cabbage output 14.6%～17.8%, apple production 15.3%～17.8%, and can improve quality of agricultural product, improve apple soluble solid 7.6%～8.3%.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is the biological organic fertilizer production method of raw material with the resinous shale, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) batching: comprise resinous shale powder and organic matter, organic content 30%-70% in total material; Carbon-nitrogen ratio 30-35: 1, PH is between the 6.5-7; Moisture content is 40-65%;
(3) material loading: total material that will prepare drops in the stirrer and stirs evenly, and moisturizing stirs evenly; Add starter 1-5%, stir evenly; Be transported to fermentation tower, pave, expect thick 40-50cm;
(4) ventilating fermentation: per hour ventilate 1 time, each 5 minutes, when temperature is lower than 15 ℃, should feed hot blast;
(5) after fermentation is finished, add function yeast bacterium liquid; Add-on is the 3-15% of organic fertilizer total amount.
2. biological organic fertilizer production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described organic content should be 50%-70%.
3. biological organic fertilizer production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described batching is: the weight percent with total material calculates apple residue 10-25%, resinous shale powder 30-50%, chicken manure 10-15%, cattle and sheep excrement 5-30%, calcium superphosphate 5%.
4. biological organic fertilizer production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described starter preparation may further comprise the steps successively: the preparation of slant strains, the preparation of eggplant bottle bacterial classification, seed enlarged culturing, fermentation vat enlarged culturing.
5. biological organic fertilizer production method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described slant strains comprises subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), B1; Candida lipolytica (Candida lipolytica); Viride (Trichoderma viride); Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus orgzae) 30163 or IFFI 20225; Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bacillus stearothermophilus); Sporotrichum thermophile (Thermophilic sporotrichum).
6. biological organic fertilizer production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the preparation of described function yeast bacterium liquid may further comprise the steps successively: the preparation of slant strains, the preparation of eggplant bottle bacterial classification, seeding tank enlarged culturing, fermentor tank enlarged culturing.
7. biological organic fertilizer production method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the slant strains of described function yeast bacterium liquid comprises: freeze sample genus bacillus (Bacillus mucilagimosus) Accc10013; Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) Accc10011; Bacillus chitinivorous (Bacillus chitinolyticus); Subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) 10088; Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus).
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| CN108794255A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-13 | 隋皓为 | A kind of oil shale makes compound organic and inorganic fertilizer and does compound organic and inorganic fertilizer additive |
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