CN116675574A

CN116675574A - Activation method of selenium-enriched ore and preparation method of bio-organic fertilizer

Info

Publication number: CN116675574A
Application number: CN202310736177.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武兴友; 武春锋; 徐楠
Original assignee: Xianyang Runyuan Biological Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Xianyang Runyuan Biological Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-05-22
Filing date: 2017-05-22
Publication date: 2023-09-01
Also published as: CN107226730A

Abstract

The application relates to a preparation method of an organic fertilizer, in particular to an activation method of selenium-enriched ore and a preparation method of selenium-enriched and silicon-enriched bio-organic fertilizer. The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer provided by the application has the advantages of simple preparation process and low manufacturing cost, is suitable for industrial production, can increase the selenium content in crop fruits, improves the economic value of melons and fruits, and obviously improves the planting benefit. The application effect can obviously improve the selenium content of agricultural products, obviously improve the percentage content of organic selenium in the total selenium of the agricultural products, is suitable for being applied to areas with selenium deficiency or low selenium in China, and has positive significance for improving the selenium level of people.

Description

Activation method of selenium-enriched ore and preparation method of bio-organic fertilizer

The application relates to a divisional application of a biological organic fertilizer preparation method, wherein the application date is 22.05.2017, the application number is 201710368382.7.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of an organic fertilizer, in particular to an activation method of selenium-rich ore and a preparation method of a selenium-rich and silicon-rich bio-organic fertilizer.

Background

In recent years, with increasing importance of people on diet health, food safety and the like, the requirements on quality of agricultural products are higher and higher, common waste materials cannot meet the nutrient supply of crops, and farmyard manure is mostly adopted as fertilizer. However, the amount of farmyard manure is limited, the fertilizer efficiency performance is uncontrollable, and the farmyard manure is difficult to meet the requirement of high standards. In this case, the action of the microbial manure is highlighted. The biological bacterial fertilizer can provide various nutrients for crops through the metabolism of microorganisms, improves the living environment of the crops, even participates in certain physiological processes of the crops, enhances the stress resistance, improves the quantity and the quality of products, has no pollution and pesticide residues, and has good application prospect.

Microbial fertilizers are specific preparations containing living microorganisms, can obtain specific fertilizer effects when applied to agricultural production, and in recent years, many countries begin to devote to screening and developing novel microbial fertilizers by using biotechnology, and establish own industry or national standard and corresponding product quality inspection supervision institutions. The research application of the microbial fertilizer in China is the same as that of the international science, the microbial fertilizer is prepared from leguminous plants by using rhizobium inoculant, only soybean and peanut rhizobium inoculant are introduced in the beginning of 50 years, and the microbial fertilizer is called bacterial fertilizer, and the '5406' antibiotic fertilizer and nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae fertilizer prepared from actinomycetes are popularized and used in the 60 th year; in the middle of 70-80 years, VA mycorrhiza is researched, in the middle of 80 years to 90 years, azotobacter and biological potash fertilizer are sequentially applied as seed dressing agents in agricultural production, and in recent years, biological fertilizers prepared by compounding azotobacter, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria and organic fertilizers are popularized and applied as base fertilizers, and simultaneously ferment bacteria and EM flora preparations are introduced in a large amount, so that a part of scientific research institutes develop novel biological bacterial fertilizers. At present, the development of microbial fertilizers in China is very good, the microbial fertilizer industry is basically formed, about 1000 enterprises exist, the annual output reaches 1000 ten thousand tons, important members in fertilizer families are gradually formed, the types of products are various, and the types of microbial fertilizers used by the microbial fertilizers are more than 90. Meanwhile, the use effect is gradually accepted by users such as farmers, the application area is up to 2 hundred million mu, the quality consciousness starts to go deep into the heart, the quality inspection system is primarily formed, few products start to enter the international market, and the national industrial policy gives a certain importance and support to the development of the industry.

Selenium is a trace element necessary for human body, and participates in synthesizing various selenase and selenoprotein in human body. Wherein glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the conversion of hydroperoxide or lipid peroxide into water or various alcohols in an organism, eliminates the attack of free radicals on the biological membrane, and protects the biological membrane from oxidative damage. Selenium can improve immunity, promote lymphocyte proliferation, and synthesis of antibody and immunoglobulin. Selenium has obvious effects of mimicking and protecting various cancers such as colon cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and the like, and the intermediate metabolite methyl enol of the selenium in vivo has stronger anticancer activity. Selenium, vitamin E, garlicin, linoleic acid, germanium, zinc and other nutrient elements have synergistic antioxidation effect, and increase antioxidation activity. Meanwhile, selenium has the effect of relieving and alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals. Selenium which can be absorbed by human body is divided into three kinds of element selenium, inorganic selenium and organic selenium. Selenium is characterized by an extremely narrow range between biological activity and toxicity, and for this reason, scientists in various countries have studied many selenium compounds in an attempt to find selenium forms with high activity and low toxicity. As nanotechnology matures, scientists adopt advanced nanotechnology to make zero-valent selenium into nanoparticle selenium. Nano selenium is mutated in biological properties compared with general zero-valent selenium.

The fertilizer contains two very important elements, namely silicon and potassium, wherein the silicon is one of important nutrient elements consisting of plant bodies, and the silicon fertilizer is beneficial to improving the light and effect of crops; the silicon fertilizer can increase the mechanical strength of crop stalks and improve the lodging resistance; the silicon fertilizer can improve the resistance of crops to diseases and insect pests and reduce the occurrence of various diseases and insect pests; the silicon fertilizer can enhance the ventilation in crops and prevent root rot and premature senility; the silicon fertilizer can enhance the stress resistance of crops such as drought resistance, dry hot air resistance, cold resistance and the like; the silicon fertilizer can enhance the pollen activity of melon and fruit crops and improve the yield; the silicon fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer and adjust the balance absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the silicon fertilizer can improve soil, promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer, simulate soil pathogens and reduce heavy metal pollution; the silicon fertilizer is a quality fertilizer, can obviously improve the quality of agricultural products and prolong the preservation period.

CN201610073654.6 discloses a selenium-rich fertilizer, which is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of chicken manure, 10-16 parts of pigeon manure, 5-8 parts of gecko manure, 4-7 parts of pangolin manure, 20-30 parts of straw, 10-16 parts of oyster shell powder, 2-5 parts of strain, 12-25 parts of potassium humate and 15-22 parts of activated selenium mineral powder; the production method comprises the following steps: (1) Crushing straw, uniformly mixing the crushed straw with chicken manure, pigeon manure, gecko manure and pangolin manure, and performing primary fermentation; (2) Adding KOH solution, regulating the pH value to 7.2-7.5, adding potassium humate, uniformly stirring, adding part of activated selenium mineral powder and oyster shell powder into a fermentation tank, uniformly stirring, and carrying out mixed fermentation for 8-10 days; (3) Adding the rest activated selenium mineral powder, and stirring uniformly to obtain the selenium-enriched fertilizer. The patent is a single selenium-rich organic fertilizer, and meanwhile, the fertilizer is strong in alkalinity and is not applicable to some crops.

CN201510567718.3 provides a selenium-rich nutrient vitality element and a preparation method, wherein the vitality element is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: the fertilizer comprises, by mass, 5-90 parts of natural mineral fertilizer, 1-25 parts of potassium-containing compound, 1-25 parts of magnesium-containing compound, 1-35 parts of calcium oxide, 1-10 parts of biochemical fulvic acid powder, 0.25-2.5 parts of vitamin, 1-45 parts of silicon dioxide, 0.001-0.1 part of sodium selenite and 0.25-2.5 parts of microelement supplement. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials of the selenium-rich nutrient vitality element uniformly, granulating, drying, pulverizing, sieving to obtain the selenium-rich nutrient vitality element. The patent is a single selenium-rich organic fertilizer, and the selenium content is low.

CN201610337960.6 provides a long-acting mineral selenium-rich fertilizer, which comprises fly ash and zeolite; se content in the fly ash is 27.9-36.3 mg/kg; the preparation method comprises the following steps: grinding zeolite into zeolite powder with the grain size below 200 meshes; grinding the fly ash into fly ash powder with the particle size below 200 meshes; mixing zeolite powder and fly ash powder according to a proportion, and uniformly stirring; spraying 5% saline solution on the mixture, and preparing the mixture sprayed with the saline solution into spherical particles with the diameter of 1-1.5 mm; baking at 430-450 deg.c to water content not higher than 5%; and (5) packaging a finished product. The cost of chemically activated selenium is high, and the preparation process has a large influence on the environment, so that the method is not suitable for mass production.

CN201310714813.2 provides a selenium-rich organic fertilizer with low cost, long fertilizer efficiency and convenient use and a preparation method thereof. The invention takes selenium ore rock, selenium-rich crop waste, carbon source, nitrogen source, calcium hydroxide, microbial agent and trace fertilizer as raw materials, the superfine powder crushed by the selenium ore rock and the selenium-rich crop waste are mixed, then the pH value of the mixture is regulated by calcium hydroxide, the microbial agent is added for mixed fermentation, the carbon source, the nitrogen source and the trace fertilizer are added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed to prepare the selenium-rich organic fertilizer. The patent directly uses selenium ore rock, selenium is difficult to be directly absorbed by plants, and the using effect is poor.

CN201410140864.3 relates to a preparation method of micro-nano mineral selenium fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Coarse crushing raw material selenium-rich mineral into coarse selenium mineral powder by a first crusher; 2) Finely pulverizing into fine selenium mineral powder by a second pulverizer; 3) Adding humic acid and additives into the fine selenium mineral powder, and mixing with water; 4) Adding the mixture obtained in the step 3) into a stirring mill to be subjected to wet treatment for 0.2-5 hours; 5) Concentrating the obtained product in the step 4), and drying and scattering by a dryer. The patent directly uses selenium ore rock, selenium is difficult to be directly absorbed by plants, and the using effect is poor.

The invention discloses a selenium-rich slow-release fertilizer which is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of chicken manure, 10-16 parts of pigeon manure, 5-8 parts of gecko manure, 4-7 parts of pangolin manure, 20-30 parts of straw, 10-16 parts of oyster shell powder, 2-5 parts of strain, 12-25 parts of potassium humate and 15-22 parts of activated selenium mineral powder; the production method comprises the following steps: (1) Crushing straw, uniformly mixing the crushed straw with chicken manure, pigeon manure, gecko manure and pangolin manure, and performing primary fermentation; (2) Adding KOH solution, regulating the pH value to 7.2-7.5, adding potassium humate, uniformly stirring, adding part of activated selenium mineral powder and oyster shell powder into a fermentation tank, uniformly stirring, and carrying out mixed fermentation for 8-10 days; (3) Adding the rest activated selenium mineral powder, and stirring uniformly to obtain the selenium-rich slow-release fertilizer. The patent directly uses selenium ore rock, selenium is difficult to be directly absorbed by plants, and the using effect is poor.

The invention of CN201510504713.6 relates to a selenium mineral organic fertilizer, which comprises a fermentation product and selenium mineral active powder; the components of the fermentation product are as follows in weight percent: 30-80% of straw organic substances, 20-50% of livestock and poultry manure substances, 0.1-0.3% of straw fermentation bacteria and 0.1-0.3% of biochemical fulvic acid bacteria, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; the selenium mineral organic fertilizer consists of fermentation products and selenium mineral active powder according to the following mass ratio: 60-75% of fermentation product and 25-40% of selenium mineral active powder. The cost of chemically activated selenium is high, and the preparation process has a large influence on the environment, so that the method is not suitable for mass production.

CN201010600981.5 relates to an organic selenium-rich biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10 to 40 percent of livestock manure, 20 to 50 percent of straw powder or humus soil, 20 to 40 percent of selenium mineral powder containing 500ppm of 80 meshes of selenium, 0.02 to 0.07 percent of microbial soil restoration agent and 0.01 to 0.03 percent of zymocyte. The raw materials are fully and uniformly stirred, piled up and fermented, the temperature reaches 40 ℃, the pile is turned over once in two days, when the temperature reaches 65 ℃, the pile is turned over after hypha appears, piled up and fermented again for three days, crushed, sieved, packaged and put in storage. The patent directly uses selenium ore rock, selenium is difficult to be directly absorbed by plants, and the using effect is poor.

CN02113524.X relates to compound fertilizer containing several trace elements, and aims at providing special selenium-rich trace element fertilizer and its preparation process. The fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer containing multiple microelements, and the selenium content of the fertilizer is more than 3 mg/l. The preparation method comprises pulverizing selenium-rich mineral, and grinding to obtain mineral powder; soaking for 1 week with alkali liquor, collecting the soaking solution, and discarding slag; neutralizing the excess alkali liquor with dilute acid until the pH value is between 5 and 6; and then adding an EM enzyme preparation for fermentation for 6-12 days, and obtaining a finished product after the fermentation is finished. The patent directly uses selenium ore rock, selenium is difficult to be directly absorbed by plants, and the using effect is poor.

CN201410820126.3 relates to a selenium-rich biological long-acting organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, comprising: the content of selenium-rich vegetable protein, phosphorus, potassium, elemental selenium, zinc, iron, magnesium, manganese, copper, molybdenum, boron, calcium, rare, chromium, sodium and germanium is more than or equal to 25.0, and the total nutrient is preferably selected: more preferably, the total nutrient ratio is more than or equal to 30.0: and more than or equal to 41.0. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing selenium-rich biological straw, humic acid, organic acid and soil conditioner in proportion to obtain organic mixture, ripening for 7-10 hr, mixing the ripe and organic mixture, stirring and packing. The time for the maturation of the fungus is preferably 15 to 24 hours, or more preferably 20 to 30 hours. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201510421931.3 is prepared by the steps of preparing compound amino acid aqueous solution, preparing ferment powder, preparing organic compost, preparing microbial agent, preparing selenium-rich amino acid microbial organic fertilizer, etc. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

The invention discloses a selenium-rich iodine-rich nutritional agent, a preparation method thereof and a method for cultivating selenium-rich iodine-rich lettuce. The selenium-rich iodine-rich nutrient comprises the following components in parts by mass: selenium source, in terms of selenium mass: 0.05 to 1; iodine source, in terms of iodine mass: 0.2 to 5; organic fertilizer: 60 to 90; borax: 0.2 to 0.5; manganese sulfate: 0.4 to 1.1; fertilizer binder: 0.4 to 1.2. The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively superfine pulverizing a selenium source and an iodine source into powder with the particle size smaller than 50 mu m, wherein the proportion of the nanometer level is 5-20wt%; pulverizing borax and manganese sulfate into powder, and sieving with 150 mesh sieve; drying the organic fertilizer, and crushing for later use; and uniformly mixing the selenium source, the iodine source, the borax, the manganese sulfate and the organic fertilizer which are obtained through the treatment according to the steps, granulating on a disc granulator, and adding a fertilizer binder during disc granulation. The method for cultivating selenium-rich and iodine-rich lettuce comprises the following steps: after the raw vegetables are transplanted and survived, the selenium-rich iodine-rich nutritional agent is applied, and the selenium-rich iodine-rich lettuce is obtained. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201310138455.5 relates to a preparation method of selenium-rich organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: (1) Crushing selenium-enriched edible fungus culture waste and livestock manure, mixing to obtain a base material, and adding fermentation fungus starter into the base material for fermentation to obtain a fermentation material; (2) Adding biological nitrogen, biological phosphorus, biological potassium, humic acid and trace elements into the fermentation material obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, crushing and screening to obtain a fine powder product; optionally, step (2) is followed by step (3): granulating the fine powder product to obtain a granular product. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201310480212.X relates to a biological organic fertilizer, which is prepared by mixing municipal sludge and cow dung according to a certain proportion, adding inorganic selenium as earthworm bait, converting into wormcast rich in organic selenium through the enrichment effect of earthworm metabolism, uniformly mixing the selenium-rich wormcast, preparing the selenium-rich wormcast into fertilizer particles, coating a layer of microbial agent on the fertilizer particles through a coating process, and finally preparing the selenium-rich organic fertilizer. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201510756190.4 relates to a selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer for tea-oil trees, a preparation method and application thereof. The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of sugar residue organic matters, 5% of vegetable cakes, 10% of urea, 10% of quick-acting phosphorus potassium, 8% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2% of boric acid, 2% of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 1.5% of amino acid chelated zinc, copper, iron and manganese, 0.1-0.5% of organic selenase, 0.5% of yeast powder and 0.5% of saccharifying enzyme. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201410501835.5 selects the fungus dreg after selenium-enriched cultivation of edible fungi as main raw material, simultaneously adds exogenous inorganic selenium, inoculates exogenous microorganism fermentation inoculant, adopts solid mixed fermentation mode to expand and reproduce to obtain fermentation strain, utilizes enrichment advantage of fermentation microorganism flora, adopts key technologies of oxygen supply to static forced ventilation system of compost and secondary fermentation of compost, adopts the technological processes of fungus dreg pretreatment, fermentation microorganism strain propagation, fermentation material preparation, heap fermentation and curing, and produces high-quality selenium-enriched organic fertilizer with high efficiency. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201510200582.2 relates to selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer. The selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components: 400-500 parts of pig manure; 70-110 parts of ground melon seedlings; 60-100 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; 70-100 parts of bean pulp; 20-40 parts of diatomite; 80-120 parts of stone straw; 10-30 parts of saccharides; 10-20 parts of waste fungus spore. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201110376234.2 discloses a method for preparing selenium-enriched organic fertilizer with antibacterial biological activity, which is to add microbial flora capable of secreting natural immune substances into silkworm excrement and chicken manure serving as carriers according to plant physiology, plant pathology, plant immunology, soil microbiology and bioengineering principles, and to prepare the pure biological organic immune fertilizer by adding various microelements after fermentation treatment by using modern biological fermentation technology. The antibacterial bioactive selenium-rich organic fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 5-10 parts of silkworm excrement, 10-80 parts of chicken manure, 1-5 parts of molasses water and 1-3 parts of 80-day bentonite, inoculating 0.6-1.6 parts of liquid microorganism strain, fermenting at a constant temperature of 32 ℃ for 48 hours by micro-oxygen, adding 0.1-0.39 part of powder trace elements, granulating, and drying at a low temperature or air-drying until the humidity is about 12%. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201510063244.9 discloses a special microbial organic fertilizer for selenium-enriched rice, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: pre-fermentation material: 12-18 parts of mineral substances: 6-10 parts of bacillus subtilis ATCC6633:0.5 to 0.8 portion of selenium-enriched rice bran: 30-40 parts of Chinese medicinal herb residue: 5-10 parts of humic acid: 15-20 parts; the pre-fermentation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of bean pulp, humic acid: 1 to 3 parts of molasses, 3 to 5 parts of sodium selenite, 0.1 to 0.2 part of bacillus subtilis ATCC6633:0.1 to 0.2 part; the mineral substances are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the mineral substances are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: phosphate rock powder: 40-60 parts of medical stone, 40-60 parts of silicon powder: 1-3 parts. The selenium source adopted by the patent is a chemical raw material, has poorer absorption effect than organic selenium, and has high cost.

CN201610194868.9 provides a selenium-rich slow-release organic fertilizer for rice planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: urea, poultry manure, corn stalk, bagasse, rice cake, EM strain, ribavirin, triazolone, sodium selenite, a slow-release agent, EDTA chelate iron, EDTA chelate zinc, EDTA chelate copper, amino acid chelate manganese, amino acid chelate iron, amino acid chelate molybdenum, urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor. The selenium source adopted by the patent is a chemical raw material, has poorer absorption effect than organic selenium, and has high cost.

CN201410434171.5 discloses a selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400-500 parts of a mixture of pig manure and selenium-enriched bentonite, and 4 parts of grass seeds and wheat ears by mass: 1, 30-50 parts of crushed mixture, 80-120 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and 50 parts of corn cob with corn kernels and microbial agent according to the mass ratio: 1, 50-80 parts of a mixture prepared by the method, and the mass ratio of humus to crab shell powder is 1:6, 40-60 parts of the mixture prepared by the method, 10-30 parts of calamine powder and 80-120 parts of oyster powder. The invention has simple proportioning and high selenium content in the organic fertilizer, and can obviously improve the selenium content of soil, thereby obviously improving the absorptivity of crops. In the raw materials used in the invention, after the raw materials are thoroughly decomposed, the selenium-enriched bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by turning over and regulating the water content and granulating, the selenium-enriched land applied with the organic fertilizer has the selenium content of the planted crops increased by 35% compared with the traditional method, and the selenium content of the foods obtained by the crops is increased by 18-22%. The selenium source adopted by the patent is a chemical raw material, has poorer absorption effect than organic selenium, and has high cost.

CN201510062719.2 discloses a special microbial organic fertilizer for selenium-enriched rice and a preparation method thereof, and the microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: pre-fermentation material: 12-18 parts of mineral substances: 6-10 parts of bacillus subtilis ATCC6633:0.5 to 0.8 portion of selenium-enriched rice bran: 30-40 parts of tapioca flour: 5-10 parts of humic acid: 15-20 parts; the pre-fermentation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of bean pulp, humic acid: 1 to 3 parts of molasses, 3 to 5 parts of sodium selenite, 0.1 to 0.2 part of bacillus subtilis ATCC6633:0.1 to 0.2 part; the mineral substances are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the mineral substances are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: phosphate rock powder: 40-60 parts of medical stone, 40-60 parts of silicon powder: 1-3 parts. The selenium source adopted by the patent is a chemical raw material, has poorer absorption effect than organic selenium, and has high cost.

CN201410433892.4 discloses a method for producing selenium-enriched bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: A. crushing a mixture prepared by corn cobs with corn kernels and microbial agents according to a mass ratio of 50:1, crushing oyster powder, crushing leguminous straws, and crushing the crushed straws to 100-120 meshes for later use; B. mixing pig manure and selenium-enriched bentonite, and mixing grass seeds and wheat ears according to a mass ratio of 4:1, crushing the mixture, namely nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, wherein corn cobs with corn kernels and microbial agents are prepared according to the mass ratio of 50:1, the mass ratio of humus to crab shell powder is 1:6, adding the prepared mixture, calamine powder and oyster powder into a fermentation tank, adding water until the mixture is soaked, sealing a plastic film on the mixture, and fermenting for 25-30 days; C. 1-3 parts of ferment is mixed to 500 times volume concentration, and poured into a fermentation tank, and the fermentation is continued for 10-12 days in a sealing way until the solid components in the ingredients are dissolved; the preparation method is simple, the selenium content in the organic fertilizer is high, and the selenium content in soil can be obviously improved, so that the crop absorptivity is obviously improved. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201410433893.9 discloses a method for using selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: A. measuring the selenium content of the land block to be fertilized; B. selecting fertilizing amount according to the measurement result: the land mass with the selenium content of less than 0.006 g/square meter is measured, 400-600 g is fertilized per square meter, the land mass with the selenium content of 0.006-0.01 g/square meter is measured, and the selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components: pig manure and selenium-enriched bentonite mixture, and grass seeds and wheat ears according to the mass ratio of 4:1, crushing the mixture, namely nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, wherein corn cobs with corn kernels and microbial agents are prepared according to the mass ratio of 50:1, the mass ratio of humus to crab shell powder is 1:6, preparing a mixture, namely calamine powder and oyster powder. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201510770731.9 relates to a selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing ferment expanded bacteria with a solid carrier, fermenting, crushing, turning, granulating and drying. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201510352797.6 discloses a selenium fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400-500 parts of mixture of ocher and selenium-rich soil, 30-50 parts of crushed mixture of spinach leaves and sweet potato leaves according to a mass ratio of 5:2, 80-120 parts of indoleacetic acid solution with a mass ratio of 12%, and 75 parts of corn cobs with corn kernels and microbial agents according to a mass ratio; 2, 40-60 parts of a mixture prepared by humus and crab shell powder according to a mass ratio of 1:6, 10-30 parts of turf, and 80-120 parts of a mixture prepared by shell powder and sodium selenite according to a mass ratio of 25:1. The patent fertilizer has low organic silicon content, less fertilizer nutrient components and more application procedures.

CN201610356572.2 discloses a silicon-rich organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of straw, 20-40 parts of festival grass, 3-8 parts of corncob, 10-20 parts of beanstalk, EDTA:5 to 7 portions of calcium superphosphate, 3 to 5 portions of fermentation inoculant and 0.5 to 0.8 portion of fermentation inoculant. However, the fertilizer does not contain organic selenium, has few nutrient components and has a plurality of application procedures.

CN201310551028.X provides a novel technique for producing selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer. The method is characterized in that a designer uses waste fungus chaff and chicken manure which are successfully developed and used for selecting black fungus or other edible fungus culture medium fungus bags with selenium content of 30-100 mug per bag as raw materials to produce the selenium-enriched fungus chaff bio-organic fertilizer. The fertilizer has single application range and low content of effective microbial inoculum.

CN201510352798.0 discloses a method for manufacturing selenium fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: A. mixing corn cobs with corn kernels with microbial agents according to a mass ratio of 75;2, crushing the prepared mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the shell powder to the sodium selenite is 25:1, crushing the mixture, namely crushing leguminous straws, and crushing the mixture to 100-120 meshes for standby; B. mixing Haematitum and selenium-rich soil, and mixing spinach leaf and sweet potato leaf according to a mass ratio of 5:2, crushing the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the indoleacetic acid solution to the mixture is 12%, and the mass ratio of the corn cobs with corn kernels to the microbial agent is 75;2, the mass ratio of humus to crab shell powder is 1:6, adding the prepared mixture, turf, and the mixture of shell powder and sodium selenite in a mass ratio of 25:1 into a fermentation tank, adding water until the mixture is soaked by the materials, sealing a plastic film on the materials, and fermenting for 25-30 days; C. 1-3 parts of ferment is mixed to 500 times volume concentration, and is poured into a fermentation tank, and the fermentation is continued for 10-12 days in a sealing way until the solid components in the ingredients are dissolved. The fertilizer is a simple selenium fertilizer and has low trace element content.

CN200910213522.9 relates to a selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the selenium fertilizer is mainly prepared from 10-30% of chelated selenium solution, 10-30% of chelated zinc solution, 20-40% of chelated iron solution, 10-30% of boric acid solution, 1-10% of antagonist and 30-50% of chelated selenium with 10-30% of water by proportioning. The fertilizer is only a selenium-rich organic fertilizer, does not contain organic silicon, and has low content of various trace mineral elements and poor fertilizer efficiency.

CN201510023869.2 discloses a nano-selenium bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nano-selenium bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from chicken manure, straw, selenium-rich bentonite, turfy soil, nano-selenium dioxide, sodium selenite, sodium bicarbonate, brown sugar, urea, urease inhibitor and a composite microbial inoculum, and the preparation method comprises the steps of weighing, mixing, fermenting and the like. The fertilizer is a simple selenium fertilizer and has low trace element content.

CN201210390566.0 relates to a selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Is prepared from the following raw materials: 100 parts of selenium-rich crop waste; 0.005-0.15 part of ionic selenium; 0.2 to 2.5 portions of carbon source; 0.5 to 3.5 portions of nitrogen source; 2 to 4.2 portions of microbial agent; 0.4 to 5 portions of auxiliary agent. The fertilizer is a simple selenium fertilizer and has low trace element content.

CN201310327762.8 discloses a selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75-80% of wormcast, 10-15% of sodium selenite, 5-10% of soil humic acid and 2-3% of biological fermentation bacteria. The fertilizer is a simple selenium fertilizer and has low trace element content.

CN201310150128.1 discloses a production and preparation method of selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the steps of raw material preparation, preparation of microbial composite bacterial agent, preparation of fermentation material, biological fermentation and the like. The fertilizer is a simple selenium fertilizer and has low trace element content.

CN201610188413.6 provides a selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, which consists of the following components in parts by mass: 40-80 parts of organic residues, 0.01-0.1 part of selenium-containing compounds, 10-15 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, 0.5-1 part of microbial agents and 5-10 parts of auxiliary agents, wherein the microbial agents comprise bacillus licheniformis, paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the effective viable count ratio of the bacillus licheniformis, the paecilomyces lilacinus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is as follows: penicillium lilacinum strain: bacillus amyloliquefaciens=1-100:1-200:10-100, and the effective viable count of the microbial agent is more than 2 hundred million/g. The fertilizer is a simple selenium fertilizer and has low trace element content.

CN201310714813.2 provides a selenium-rich organic fertilizer with low cost, long fertilizer efficiency and convenient use and a preparation method thereof. The invention takes selenium ore rock, selenium-rich crop waste, carbon source, nitrogen source, calcium hydroxide, microbial agent and trace fertilizer as raw materials, the superfine powder crushed by the selenium ore rock and the selenium-rich crop waste are mixed, then the pH value of the mixture is regulated by calcium hydroxide, the microbial agent is added for mixed fermentation, the carbon source, the nitrogen source and the trace fertilizer are added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed to prepare the selenium-rich organic fertilizer. The fertilizer is a simple selenium fertilizer and has low trace element content. CN201510421928.1 is prepared by steps of preparing compound amino acid aqueous solution, preparing fermentation powder, preparing selenium-rich organic compost, preparing microbial inoculum, preparing selenium-rich amino acid microbial organic fertilizer, and the like. The fertilizer is a simple selenium fertilizer and has low trace element content.

CN201510062652.2 discloses a selenium-rich microbial organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the selenium-rich microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: pre-fermentation material: 12-18 parts of mineral substances: 6-10 parts of bacillus subtilis 10147:0.5 to 0.8 part of edible fungi leftovers: 30-40 parts of kiln dust: 5-10 parts of biogas water: 15-20 parts; the pre-fermentation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of fly maggots and methane water: 1 to 3 parts of molasses, 3 to 5 parts of sodium selenite, 0.1 to 0.2 part of bacillus subtilis 10147:0.1 to 0.2 part; the mineral substances are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the mineral substances are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: phosphate rock powder: 40-60 parts of gangue, 40-60 parts of silicon powder: 1-3 parts. The fertilizer is only a selenium-rich organic fertilizer, does not contain organic silicon, and has low content of various trace mineral elements and poor fertilizer efficiency.

CN201510781946.0 relates to an organic fertilizer in agricultural production, in particular to a selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-85 parts of ecological sheep manure; 10-20 parts of tung bran: 5-15 parts of turf: 0.5 to 2 portions of selenium trace fertilizer or selenium mineral powder; 0.5 to 3 parts of bacillus subtilis or actinomycetes viable bacteria agent; the production method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing ecological sheep manure, tung bran and turf, then adding selenium microelement fertilizer or selenium mineral powder and bacillus subtilis or actinomycetes viable bacteria agent, uniformly mixing, stacking, and fermenting at normal temperature. The fertilizer is only a selenium-rich organic fertilizer, does not contain organic silicon, and has low content of various trace mineral elements and poor fertilizer efficiency.

CN200910047269.4 pulverizing selenium-containing gangue, selenium-containing Maifanitum and Limonitum respectively, and ball milling to obtain powder; mixing the raw materials into mineral substances according to a proportion, and adding an acetic acid solution to mix the mineral substances into an acidified mineral substance raw material; and finally, mixing the obtained acidified mineral raw material with a biological organic fertilizer for fermentation, and obtaining a selenium-enriched organic fertilizer product after fermentation and maturation. The fertilizer is only a selenium-rich organic fertilizer, does not contain organic silicon, and has low content of various trace mineral elements and poor fertilizer efficiency.

CN200910044507.6 is a selenium-enriched bio-organic fertilizer, its composition and weight percentage are 55% -65% of chicken manure or pig manure, 9% -7% of cake, 21% -12.1% of chaff, 14% -15% of selenium mineral powder, 0.9% -0.8% of trace fertilizer, 0.05% of selenium-enriched sweetening agent and 0.05% of FW1 biological agent, and its production process is preparation, activation, deodorization, mixing, stirring, inoculation, fermentation, drying, inspection and packaging. The fertilizer is only a selenium-rich organic fertilizer, does not contain organic silicon, and has low content of various trace mineral elements and poor fertilizer efficiency.

CN201210038814.5 relates to a selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer of ferment medical stone. The fertilizer is prepared by mixing byproduct organic matters produced by local oil industry, planting industry and breeding industry, medical stone powder and selenium-rich trace element fertilizer with proper amount, adding ferment bacteria, adding water, uniformly mixing, stacking, covering, preserving heat, repeatedly heating, turning over, oxygenating and fermenting. The fertilizer is only a selenium-rich organic fertilizer, does not contain organic silicon, and has low content of various trace mineral elements and poor fertilizer efficiency.

CN201610073653.1 discloses a selenium-rich slow release fertilizer, which is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of chicken manure, 10-16 parts of pigeon manure, 5-8 parts of gecko manure, 4-7 parts of pangolin manure, 20-30 parts of straw, 10-16 parts of oyster shell powder, 2-5 parts of strain, 12-25 parts of potassium humate and 15-22 parts of activated selenium mineral powder; the production method comprises the following steps: (1) Crushing straw, uniformly mixing the crushed straw with chicken manure, pigeon manure, gecko manure and pangolin manure, and performing primary fermentation; (2) Adding KOH solution, regulating the pH value to 7.2-7.5, adding potassium humate, uniformly stirring, adding part of activated selenium mineral powder and oyster shell powder into a fermentation tank, uniformly stirring, and carrying out mixed fermentation for 8-10 days; (3) Adding the rest activated selenium mineral powder, and stirring uniformly to obtain the selenium-rich slow-release fertilizer. The fertilizer is only a selenium-rich organic fertilizer, does not contain organic silicon, and has low content of various trace mineral elements and poor fertilizer efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an activation method of selenium-enriched ores and a preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer. The invention activates selenium and activates other microelements in the ore, so the microelements Fe, zn, sr, ba, cu, mg and the like in the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention have high content and are easy to be absorbed by plants. The selenium-rich and silicon-rich biological organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method has high organic selenium and silicon content, and crops absorb large amounts of selenium and silicon, and the use of the composite microbial inoculum can play roles in dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen and enhancing soil fertility, and can remarkably improve the contents of various trace mineral elements of fruits.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides an activation method of selenium-enriched ore, which comprises the following steps,

firstly, crushing selenium-enriched ore into particles of 0.01-3 cm by adopting a jaw crusher;

then, according to the mass fraction, placing 40% -80% of selenium-enriched ore particles, 10% -40% of lime, 5% -10% of potassium feldspar and 5% -10% of potassium carbonate into a ball mill, and ball-milling for 4-6 hours to obtain powder;

Then, the powder after ball milling is sieved by a standard sieve with 100 to 150 meshes to form a batch;

then, placing the batch into a rotary furnace, heating to 400-490 ℃ from room temperature for 10-20 min, and preserving heat for 30 min;

and finally, cooling the batch to room temperature for 30-60 min, and crushing and grinding to 100-150 meshes to obtain the activated selenium-enriched mineral powder.

Preferably, the selenium-rich ore is crushed to 1 or 2 or 3cm of particles.

Preferably, the temperature of the rotary furnace is raised to 420 ℃ from room temperature for 13 min;

or the temperature of the rotary furnace is raised to 480 ℃ from room temperature for 18 min;

or the rotary kiln was warmed from room temperature to 490 ℃ over 20 min.

Preferably, the batch is cooled to room temperature by 35 or 50 or 60 minutes.

Preferably, 50% of selenium-enriched ore particles, 35% of lime, 7% of potassium feldspar and 8% of potassium carbonate are put into a ball mill according to mass fraction, and ball milling is carried out for 6 hours to obtain powder;

or placing 60% of selenium-enriched ore particles, 25% of lime, 8% of potassium feldspar and 7% of potassium carbonate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, and ball milling for 5 hours to obtain powder;

or putting 70% of selenium-enriched ore particles, 15% of lime, 6% of potassium feldspar and 9% of potassium carbonate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, and ball milling for 6 hours to obtain powder.

Preferably, the lime, the potassium feldspar and the potassium carbonate are all industrial raw materials, and the granularity is 30-50 meshes.

Preferably, the grinding medium in the ball mill adopts agate balls with the average diameter of 5-8 mm.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer,

first step, activation of selenium-rich ore

finally, cooling the batch to room temperature for 30-60 min, and crushing and grinding to 100-150 meshes to obtain activated selenium-enriched mineral powder;

second step, preparation of silicon-rich liquid solvent

First, according to SiO ₂ ：K ₂ O=2 to 2.7:1, taking quartz sand and potassium carbonate according to a molar ratio, and then adding selenium powder accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the quartz sand and the potassium carbonate, and mixing until the uniformity is more than 98% to obtain a batch;

Then adding the batch into a quartz crucible which is heated to 1350-1450 ℃ to obtain molten glass;

then pouring the molten glass into distilled water, and putting the distilled water into a ball mill for ball milling for 2-4 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the molten glass to the water is 1:1.2 to 1.5;

finally, the ball-milled potassium silicate solution is sieved by a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain a silicon-rich liquid solvent;

thirdly, the microbial agent is amplified

Firstly, placing starch 0.2% -0.8%, magnesium sulfate 0.05% -0.15%, monopotassium phosphate 0.1% -0.5%, manganese sulfate 0.006% -0.012% into water, adjusting pH to 6.8-7.2 to prepare a fermentation medium, inoculating bacillus subtilis strain into the sterilized fermentation medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are fermentation tank volume: the volume of sterile air is equal to 0.9-1.1 per minute: 0.5, the culture temperature is 35-40 ℃, the stirring revolution is 100-200 rpm, the dissolved oxygen is not less than 30%, the pH value is not less than 6.5, and the stirring culture is carried out for 6-8 hours, so that the content of viable bacteria reaches 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 Flocculating sodium chloride, obtaining bacterial sludge by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode after flocculation is completed, drying the bacterial sludge by blowing at 45-50 ℃ until the water content is 25-35%, cyclone separating bacterial powder, putting the bacterial powder into a pulverizer, pulverizing, and sieving the bacterial powder with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum;

Then, starch 0.2 to 0.8 percent, glucose 0.2 to 0.8 percent, yeast extract 0.01 to 0.08 percent, manganese sulfate 0.005 to 0.0158 percent and VB 0.0052 to 0.018 percent are mixed according to the mass percent ₁₂ Placing the bacillus megaterium strain in water, regulating the pH value to 6.8-7.2 to obtain a fermentation culture medium, and inoculating the bacillus megaterium strain into the sterilized fermentation culture medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are as follows: the culture temperature is 32-38 ℃, the stirring revolution is 100-200 rpm, the pH value is not lower than 6.5, and the stirring culture is carried out for 6-8 hours, so that the content of viable bacteria reaches 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 Calcium chloride flocculation, plate-frame filter pressing to obtain bacterial mud, air drying to water content of 25-35%, cyclone separating bacterial powder, pulverizing in pulverizer, and sieving with 30 mesh sieve to obtain giant materialA bacillus megatherium microbial agent;

finally, according to 1: uniformly mixing the prepared bacillus subtilis microbial agent and bacillus megatherium microbial agent in a weight ratio of 0.1-1 to obtain a microbial agent for expanded culture;

fourth step, preparing the selenium-rich and silicon-rich bio-organic fertilizer

Firstly, uniformly mixing 5-10 times of straw powder and a microbial agent to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass percentage of the mixture is 1: 24-40, mixing the mixture and cow and sheep manure, piling up and fermenting, controlling the water content to be 50-60%, covering the mixture with a film during fermentation, uncovering the cover when the internal temperature is raised to 25-30 ℃, and turning over the mixture when the piling temperature is raised to 60-80 ℃ once a day until the cow and sheep manure is thoroughly decomposed to obtain decomposed cow and sheep manure;

Then, according to weight fraction, decomposing 40% -60% of cow and sheep manure, 10% -20% of selenium-enriched stone coal, 10% -20% of activated selenium-enriched mineral powder, 0.1% -1% of sodium selenate, adding 10% -20% of humic acid dry matter, keeping the water content at 10% -30%, and uniformly mixing;

then, placing the uniformly mixed batch into a disc granulator, adjusting the rotation speed of the granulator to 70-90 r/min, and simultaneously spraying silicon-rich liquid accounting for 3-20% of the mass of the batch, and preparing the batch into spherical particles with the mass of 2-3 mm;

and finally, placing the manufactured particles into a rotary furnace, passing through the rotary furnace at 120-150 ℃ for 30-50 min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the selenium-rich and silicon-rich bio-organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the lime, potassium feldspar, potassium carbonate, quartz sand, selenium powder, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate are all industrial raw materials, and the granularity is 30-50 meshes.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) The selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the method is introduced through different selenium sources, so that the selenium with sufficient concentration can be absorbed in the plant growth process, the selenium source has long service time, and the selenium content in crops is high.

(2) The invention adopts the melting method to prepare the silicon-rich organic solvent as the binder, ensures the silicon content in the organic fertilizer, obviously improves the strength of the granulated fertilizer particles, has higher appearance quality than water as the binder, and can play a role in slow-release dissolution of the fertilizer. The fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer is increased by more than 30 to 40 percent compared with other methods.

(3) The invention activates selenium and activates other microelements in the ore, so the microelements Fe, zn, sr, ba, cu, mg and the like in the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention have high content and are easy to be absorbed by plants.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

first step, activation of selenium-rich ore

Firstly, crushing selenium-enriched ore into particles of 0.6cm by adopting a jaw crusher;

then, putting 67% of selenium-enriched ore particles, 23% of lime, 5% of potassium feldspar and 5% of potassium carbonate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, and ball milling for 4 hours to obtain powder;

then, placing the batch into a rotary furnace, heating to 400 ℃ from room temperature for 10min, and preserving heat for 30 min;

finally, cooling the batch to room temperature for 30min, and crushing and grinding to 100-150 meshes to obtain activated selenium-enriched mineral powder;

Second step, preparation of silicon-rich liquid solvent

First, according to SiO ₂ ：K ₂ O=2: 1, taking quartz sand and potassium carbonate according to a molar ratio, and then adding selenium powder accounting for 1% of the mass of the quartz sand and the potassium carbonate, and mixing until the uniformity is more than 98% to obtain a batch;

then, adding the batch into a quartz crucible which is heated to 1350 ℃ to obtain molten glass;

then, pouring the molten glass into distilled water, and putting the distilled water into a ball mill for ball milling for 2 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the molten glass to the water is 1:1.2;

thirdly, the microbial agent is amplified

Firstly, placing starch 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%, monopotassium phosphate 0.1% and manganese sulfate 0.006% into water according to mass percentage, adjusting pH to 6.8 to prepare a fermentation medium, inoculating bacillus subtilis strain into the sterilized fermentation medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are the volume of a fermentation tank: the sterile air volume per minute was equal to 0.9:0.5, culturing at 35 ℃ with stirring speed of 115rpm, dissolved oxygen not lower than 30%, pH not lower than 6.5, and culturing for 6 hr under stirring to make viable bacteria content reach 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 Flocculating sodium chloride, obtaining bacterial mud by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode after flocculation is completed, drying the bacterial mud by blowing at 45 ℃ until the water content is 25%, cyclone separating bacterial powder, putting the bacterial powder into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and sieving the bacterial powder with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum;

then, starch 0.2%, glucose 0.2%, yeast extract 0.01%, manganese sulfate 0.005%, VB 0.0052% by mass ₁₂ Placing in water, regulating pH to 6.8 to obtain fermentation culture medium, inoculating nitrogen-fixing bacillus megaterium strain into sterilized fermentation culture medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are as follows: the culture temperature is 32 ℃, the stirring revolution is 100rpm, the pH value is not lower than 6.5, and the stirring culture is carried out for 6 hours, so that the content of viable bacteria reaches 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 The calcium chloride flocculation is carried out, and after the flocculation is finished, bacterial mud is obtained by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode, the bacterial powder is dried by blowing until the water content is 25 percent, cyclone separation is carried out, and the bacterial powder is put into a pulverizer for pulverization and is sieved by a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the bacillus megatherium microbial inoculum;

finally, according to 1: uniformly mixing the prepared bacillus subtilis microbial agent and bacillus megatherium microbial agent in a weight ratio of 0.1 to obtain a microbial agent for expanded culture;

Firstly, uniformly mixing 5 times of straw powder and a microbial agent to obtain a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 24, mixing the mixture with cow and sheep manure, piling up, fermenting, controlling the water content to be 50%, covering with a film during fermentation, uncovering the cover when the internal temperature is raised to 25 ℃, and turning over the mixture when the piling temperature is raised to 60 ℃ once a day until the cow and sheep manure is thoroughly decomposed to obtain decomposed cow and sheep manure;

then adding 40% of decomposed cow and sheep manure, 20% of selenium-enriched stone coal, 19% of activated selenium-enriched mineral powder and 1% of sodium selenate according to the weight fraction, adding 20% of humic acid dry matter, keeping the water content at 10%, and uniformly mixing;

then, placing the uniformly mixed batch into a disc granulator, adjusting the rotation number of the granulator to 70 r/min, and simultaneously spraying silicon-rich liquid accounting for 3% of the mass of the batch, so as to prepare the batch into spherical particles with the diameter of 2-3 mm;

and finally, placing the manufactured particles into a rotary furnace, passing through the rotary furnace at 120 ℃ for 20min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the selenium-rich and silicon-rich bio-organic fertilizer.

Example 2:

first step, activation of selenium-rich ore

Firstly, crushing selenium-enriched ore into particles of 0.01cm by adopting a jaw crusher;

Then 80 percent of selenium-enriched ore particles, 10 percent of lime, 5 percent of potassium feldspar and 5 percent of carbon are mixed according to the mass percent

Putting potassium acid into a ball mill, and ball milling for 5 hours to obtain powder;

then, placing the batch into a rotary furnace, heating to 450 ℃ from room temperature for 15min, and preserving heat for 30 min;

finally, cooling the batch to room temperature for 40min, and crushing and grinding to 100-150 meshes to obtain activated selenium-enriched mineral powder;

second step, preparation of silicon-rich liquid solvent

First, according to SiO ₂ ：K ₂ O=2.5: 1 molar ratio ofTaking quartz sand and potassium carbonate, and then adding selenium powder accounting for 2% of the mass of the quartz sand and the potassium carbonate, and mixing until the uniformity is more than 98% to obtain a batch;

then, adding the batch into a quartz crucible which is heated to 1380 ℃ to obtain molten glass;

then, pouring the molten glass into distilled water, and putting the distilled water into a ball mill for ball milling for 3 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the molten glass to the water is 1:1.5;

thirdly, the microbial agent is amplified

Firstly, placing starch 0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%, monopotassium phosphate 0.5% and manganese sulfate 0.008% into water according to mass percentage, adjusting pH to 7 to prepare a fermentation medium, inoculating bacillus subtilis strain into the sterilized fermentation medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are that the volume of a fermentation tank is: the sterile air volume per minute was equal to 1.0:0.5, culturing at 40deg.C, stirring at 100rpm, dissolving oxygen at not lower than 30%, pH at not lower than 6.5, and culturing under stirring for 8 hr to make viable bacteria content reach 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 Flocculating sodium chloride, obtaining bacterial sludge by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode after flocculation is completed, drying the bacterial sludge by blowing at 48 ℃ until the water content is 28%, cyclone separating bacterial powder, putting the bacterial powder into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and sieving the bacterial powder with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum;

then, starch 0.6%, glucose 0.8%, yeast extract 0.05%, manganese sulfate 0.007%, VB 0.008% by mass ₁₂ Placing in water, regulating pH to 7 to obtain fermentation culture medium, inoculating nitrogen-fixing bacillus megaterium strain into sterilized fermentation culture medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are as follows: the culture temperature is 38 ℃, the stirring revolution is 200rpm, the pH value is not lower than 6.5, and the culture is carried out for 8 hours under stirring, so that the content of viable bacteria reaches 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 Calcium chloride flocculation and plate frame after flocculationThe bacterial mud is obtained by a filter pressing mode, the bacterial mud is dried by blowing until the water content is 30%, bacterial powder is separated by cyclone, and the bacterial powder is put into a pulverizer to be pulverized and is sieved by a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a bacillus megatherium microbial inoculum;

finally, according to 1: uniformly mixing the prepared bacillus subtilis microbial agent and bacillus megatherium microbial agent in a weight ratio of 0.5 to obtain a microbial agent for expanded culture;

Firstly, uniformly mixing 8 times of straw powder and a microbial agent to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass percentage of the mixture is 1:30, mixing the mixture with cow and sheep manure, piling up, fermenting, controlling the water content to 55%, covering with a film during fermentation, uncovering the cover when the internal temperature is raised to 30 ℃, and turning over once a day when the piling temperature is raised to 65 ℃ until the cow and sheep manure is thoroughly decomposed to obtain decomposed cow and sheep manure;

then, according to the weight fraction, 60% of decomposed cow and sheep manure, 10% of selenium-enriched stone coal, 15% of activated selenium-enriched mineral powder and 0.1% of sodium selenate are added with 14.9% of humic acid dry matter, the water content is kept at 25%, and the mixture is uniformly mixed;

then, placing the uniformly mixed batch into a disc granulator, adjusting the rotation number of the granulator to 75 r/min, and simultaneously spraying silicon-rich liquid accounting for 15% of the mass of the batch, so as to prepare the batch into spherical particles with the diameter of 2-3 mm;

and finally, placing the manufactured particles into a rotary furnace, passing through the rotary furnace at 130 ℃ for 50min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the selenium-rich and silicon-rich bio-organic fertilizer.

Example 3:

first step, activation of selenium-rich ore

Firstly, crushing selenium-enriched ore into particles of 0.1cm by adopting a jaw crusher;

Then, placing 40% of selenium-enriched ore particles, 40% of lime, 10% of potassium feldspar and 10% of potassium carbonate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, and ball milling for 6 hours to obtain powder;

then, placing the batch into a rotary furnace, heating to 490 ℃ from room temperature for 20min, and preserving heat for 30 min;

finally, cooling the batch to room temperature for 50min, and crushing and grinding to 100-150 meshes to obtain activated selenium-enriched mineral powder;

second step, preparation of silicon-rich liquid solvent

First, according to SiO ₂ ：K ₂ O=2.3: 1, taking quartz sand and potassium carbonate according to a molar ratio, and then adding selenium powder with the mass of 1.3% of the quartz sand and the potassium carbonate, and mixing until the uniformity is more than 98% to obtain a batch;

then, adding the batch into a quartz crucible which is heated to 1400 ℃ to obtain molten glass;

then, pouring the molten glass into distilled water, and putting the distilled water into a ball mill for ball milling for 4 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the molten glass to the water is 1:1.3;

thirdly, the microbial agent is amplified

Firstly, placing starch 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.08%, monopotassium phosphate 0.3% and manganese sulfate 0.01% into water according to mass percentage, adjusting pH to 7.2 to prepare a fermentation medium, inoculating bacillus subtilis strain into the sterilized fermentation medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are that the volume of a fermentation tank is: the sterile air volume per minute was equal to 1.1:0.5, culturing at 38deg.C with stirring rotation speed of 200rpm, dissolved oxygen not lower than 30%, pH not lower than 6.5, and culturing under stirring for 6.5 hr to make viable bacteria content reach 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 Flocculating sodium chloride, obtaining bacterial mud by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode after flocculation is completed, drying the bacterial mud by blowing at 46 ℃ until the water content is 35%, cyclone separating bacterial powder, putting the bacterial powder into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and sieving the bacterial powder with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum;

then, starch 0.5%, glucose 0.6%, yeast extract 0.03%, manganese sulfate 0.01%, VB 0.01% by mass ₁₂ Placing in water, adjusting pH to 7.2 to obtain fermentation medium, and fixing nitrogen with Bacillus megateriumInoculating a bacterial strain into a sterilized fermentation medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are as follows: the culture temperature is 36 ℃, the stirring revolution is 150rpm, the pH value is not lower than 6.5, and the stirring culture is carried out for 6.5 hours, so that the content of viable bacteria reaches 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 The calcium chloride flocculation is carried out, and after the flocculation is finished, bacterial mud is obtained by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode, the bacterial powder is dried by blowing until the water content is 32 percent, cyclone separation is carried out, and the bacterial powder is put into a pulverizer for pulverization and is sieved by a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the bacillus megatherium microbial inoculum;

finally, according to 1: uniformly mixing the prepared bacillus subtilis microbial agent and bacillus megatherium microbial agent in a weight ratio of 0.3 to obtain a microbial agent for expanded culture;

Firstly, uniformly mixing 6 times of straw powder and a microbial agent to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass percentage of the mixture is 1:36, mixing the mixture with cow and sheep manure, piling up, fermenting, controlling the water content to be 53%, covering with a film during fermentation, uncovering the cover when the internal temperature is raised to 28 ℃, and turning over the mixture when the piling temperature is raised to 80 ℃ once a day until the cow and sheep manure is thoroughly decomposed to obtain decomposed cow and sheep manure;

then, according to the weight fraction, 54% of decomposed cow and sheep manure, 15.5% of selenium-enriched stone coal, 20% of activated selenium-enriched mineral powder and 0.5% of sodium selenate are added, 10% of humic acid dry matter is added, the water content is kept at 15%, and the mixture is uniformly mixed;

then, placing the uniformly mixed batch into a disc granulator, adjusting the rotation number of the granulator to 90 r/min, and simultaneously spraying silicon-rich liquid accounting for 10% of the mass of the batch, so as to prepare the batch into spherical particles with the diameter of 2-3 mm;

and finally, placing the manufactured particles into a rotary furnace, passing through the rotary furnace at 150 ℃ for 40min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the selenium-rich and silicon-rich bio-organic fertilizer.

Example 4:

first step, activation of selenium-rich ore

Firstly, crushing selenium-enriched ore into particles of 1cm by adopting a jaw crusher;

Then, 50% of selenium-enriched ore particles, 35% of lime, 7% of potassium feldspar and 8% of potassium carbonate are put into a ball mill according to mass fraction, and the powder is obtained after ball milling for 6 hours;

then, placing the batch into a rotary furnace, heating to 480 ℃ from room temperature for 18min, and preserving heat for 30 min;

finally, cooling the batch to room temperature for 60min, and crushing and grinding to 100-150 meshes to obtain activated selenium-enriched mineral powder;

second step, preparation of silicon-rich liquid solvent

First, according to SiO ₂ ：K ₂ O=2.7: 1, taking quartz sand and potassium carbonate according to a molar ratio, and then adding selenium powder with the mass of 1.8% of the quartz sand and the potassium carbonate, and mixing until the uniformity is more than 98% to obtain a batch;

then, adding the batch into a quartz crucible which is heated to 1420 ℃ to obtain molten glass;

then, pouring the molten glass liquid into distilled water, and putting the distilled water into a ball mill for ball milling for 2.5 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the molten glass liquid to the water is 1:1.4;

thirdly, the microbial agent is amplified

Firstly, placing starch 0.6%, magnesium sulfate 0.12%, monopotassium phosphate 0.2% and manganese sulfate 0.012% into water according to mass percentage, adjusting pH to 6.7 to prepare a fermentation medium, inoculating bacillus subtilis strain into the sterilized fermentation medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are the volume of a fermentation tank: the sterile air volume per minute was equal to 0.95:0.5, the culture temperature is 36 ℃, the stirring revolution is 150rpm, the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 30%, the pH value is not lower than 6.5, and the stirring culture is carried out for 7.5 hours, so that the content of viable bacteria reaches 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 Sodium chloride flocculation, and after the flocculation is completed, bacterial sludge is obtained by adopting a plate-and-frame filter pressing mode, and the bacterial sludge is dried by blowing at 50 DEG CDrying until the water content is 30%, cyclone separating the bacterial powder, putting the bacterial powder into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and sieving the powder with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum;

then, starch 0.3%, glucose 0.4%, yeast extract 0.06%, manganese sulfate 0.0158%, VB 0.013% are added according to the mass percentage ₁₂ Placing in water, regulating pH to 6.7 to obtain fermentation culture medium, inoculating nitrogen-fixing bacillus megaterium strain into sterilized fermentation culture medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are as follows: the culture temperature is 33 ℃, the stirring revolution is 180rpm, the pH value is not lower than 6.5, and the stirring culture is carried out for 7.5 hours, so that the content of viable bacteria reaches 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 The calcium chloride flocculation is carried out, and after the flocculation is finished, bacterial mud is obtained by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode, the bacterial powder is dried by blowing until the water content is 28 percent, cyclone separation is carried out, and the bacterial powder is put into a pulverizer for pulverization and is sieved by a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the bacillus megatherium microbial inoculum;

finally, according to 1: uniformly mixing the prepared bacillus subtilis microbial agent and bacillus megatherium microbial agent in a weight ratio of 0.8 to obtain a microbial agent for expanded culture;

Firstly, uniformly mixing 9 times of straw powder and a microbial agent to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass percentage of the mixture is 1:40, mixing the mixture with cow and sheep manure, piling up, fermenting, controlling the water content to 58%, covering with a film during fermentation, uncovering the cover when the internal temperature is raised to 26 ℃, and turning over the mixture when the piling temperature is raised to 75 ℃ once a day until the cow and sheep manure is thoroughly decomposed to obtain decomposed cow and sheep manure;

then, according to the weight fraction, 58% of decomposed cow and sheep manure, 18% of selenium-enriched stone coal, 10% of activated selenium-enriched mineral powder and 0.8% of sodium selenate are added with 13.2% of humic acid dry matter, the water content is kept at 20%, and the mixture is uniformly mixed;

then, placing the uniformly mixed batch into a disc granulator, adjusting the revolution of the granulator to be 85 revolutions per minute, and simultaneously spraying silicon-rich liquid accounting for 8% of the mass of the batch, so as to prepare 2-3 mm spherical particles from the batch;

and finally, placing the manufactured particles into a rotary furnace, passing through the rotary furnace at 140 ℃ for 30min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the selenium-rich and silicon-rich bio-organic fertilizer.

Example 5:

first step, activation of selenium-rich ore

Firstly, crushing selenium-enriched ore into particles of 2cm by adopting a jaw crusher;

Then, 60% of selenium-enriched ore particles, 25% of lime, 8% of potassium feldspar and 7% of potassium carbonate are put into a ball mill according to mass fraction, and ball milling is carried out for 5 hours to obtain powder;

then, placing the batch into a rotary furnace, heating to 420 ℃ from room temperature for 13min, and preserving heat for 30 min;

finally, cooling the batch to room temperature for 35min, and crushing and grinding to 100-150 meshes to obtain activated selenium-enriched mineral powder;

second step, preparation of silicon-rich liquid solvent

First, according to SiO ₂ ：K ₂ O=2.4: 1, taking quartz sand and potassium carbonate according to a molar ratio, and then adding selenium powder with the mass of 1.5% of the quartz sand and the potassium carbonate, and mixing until the uniformity is more than 98% to obtain a batch;

then, adding the batch into a quartz crucible which is heated to 1450 ℃ to obtain molten glass;

then, pouring the molten glass liquid into distilled water, and putting the distilled water into a ball mill for ball milling for 3.5 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the molten glass liquid to the water is 1:1.3;

thirdly, the microbial agent is amplified

Firstly, placing starch 0.8%, magnesium sulfate 0.15%, monopotassium phosphate 0.4% and manganese sulfate 0.009% into water according to mass percentage, adjusting pH to 7.1 to prepare a fermentation medium, inoculating bacillus subtilis strain into the sterilized fermentation medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are the volume of a fermentation tank: the volume of sterile air introduced per minute is equal to 1.05:0.5, culturing at 39deg.C, stirring at 180rpm, dissolving oxygen at not lower than 30%, pH at not lower than 6.5, and culturing under stirring for 7 hr to make viable bacteria content reach 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 Flocculating sodium chloride, obtaining bacterial mud by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode after flocculation is completed, drying the bacterial mud by blowing at 49 ℃ until the water content is 32%, cyclone separating bacterial powder, putting the bacterial powder into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and sieving the bacterial powder with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum;

then, starch 0.8%, glucose 0.5%, yeast extract 0.08%, manganese sulfate 0.013%, VB 0.015% are added according to the mass percentage ₁₂ Placing in water, regulating pH to 7.1 to obtain fermentation culture medium, inoculating nitrogen-fixing bacillus megaterium strain into sterilized fermentation culture medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are as follows: culturing at 35deg.C with stirring at 130rpm at pH of not lower than 6.5 for 7 hr to obtain viable bacteria content of 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 The calcium chloride flocculation is carried out, and after the flocculation is finished, bacterial mud is obtained by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode, the bacterial powder is dried by blowing until the water content is 30 percent, cyclone separation is carried out, and the bacterial powder is put into a pulverizer for pulverization and is sieved by a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the bacillus megatherium microbial inoculum;

Finally, according to 1:1, uniformly mixing the prepared bacillus subtilis microbial agent and bacillus megatherium microbial agent in a weight ratio to obtain an expanded microbial agent;

Firstly, uniformly mixing 10 times of straw powder and a microbial agent to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass percentage of the mixture is 1:27, mixing the mixture with cow and sheep manure, piling up, fermenting, controlling the water content to be 60%, covering with a film during fermentation, uncovering the cover when the internal temperature is raised to 29 ℃, and turning over the mixture when the piling temperature is raised to 70 ℃ once a day until the cow and sheep manure is thoroughly decomposed to obtain decomposed cow and sheep manure;

then, according to the weight fraction, 50% of decomposed cow and sheep manure, 13% of selenium-enriched stone coal, 18% of activated selenium-enriched mineral powder and 0.3% of sodium selenate are added, 18.7% of humic acid dry matter is added, the water content is kept at 30%, and the mixture is uniformly mixed;

then, placing the uniformly mixed batch into a disc granulator, adjusting the rotation number of the granulator to 80 r/min, and simultaneously spraying silicon-rich liquid accounting for 18% of the mass of the batch, so as to prepare the batch into spherical particles with the diameter of 2-3 mm;

and finally, placing the manufactured particles into a rotary furnace, passing through the rotary furnace at 135 ℃ for 35min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the selenium-rich and silicon-rich bio-organic fertilizer.

Example 6:

first step, activation of selenium-rich ore

Firstly, crushing selenium-enriched ore into particles of 3cm by adopting a jaw crusher;

then, putting 70% of selenium-enriched ore particles, 15% of lime, 6% of potassium feldspar and 9% of potassium carbonate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, and ball milling for 6 hours to obtain powder;

then, the batch is put into a rotary furnace, heated to 465 ℃ from room temperature for 16min, and kept for 30 min;

finally, cooling the batch to room temperature for 45min, and crushing and grinding to 100-150 meshes to obtain activated selenium-enriched mineral powder;

second step, preparation of silicon-rich liquid solvent

First, according to SiO ₂ ：K ₂ O=2.6: 1, taking quartz sand and potassium carbonate according to a molar ratio, and then adding selenium powder with the mass of 1.6% of the quartz sand and the potassium carbonate, and mixing until the uniformity is more than 98% to obtain a batch;

then, pouring the molten glass into distilled water, and putting the distilled water into a ball mill for ball milling for 4 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the molten glass to the water is 1:1.5;

Thirdly, the microbial agent is amplified

Firstly, placing starch 0.4%, magnesium sulfate 0.07%, monopotassium phosphate 0.3% and manganese sulfate 0.011% into water according to mass percentage, adjusting pH to 7.2 to prepare a fermentation medium, inoculating bacillus subtilis strain into the sterilized fermentation medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are that the volume of a fermentation tank is: the sterile air volume per minute was equal to 0.9:0.5, the culture temperature is 37 ℃, the stirring revolution is 130rpm, the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 30 percent, the pH value is not lower than 6.5, and the stirring culture is carried out for 8 hours, so that the content of viable bacteria reaches 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 Flocculating sodium chloride, obtaining bacterial mud by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode after flocculation is completed, drying the bacterial mud by blowing at 47 ℃ until the water content is 30%, cyclone separating bacterial powder, putting the bacterial powder into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and sieving the bacterial powder with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum;

then, starch 0.4%, glucose 0.3%, yeast extract 0.07%, manganese sulfate 0.0145%, VB 0.018% by mass ₁₂ Placing in water, regulating pH to 7.2 to obtain fermentation culture medium, inoculating nitrogen-fixing bacillus megaterium strain into sterilized fermentation culture medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are as follows: culturing at 38deg.C with stirring rotation speed 165rpm and pH value not lower than 6.5 for 8 hr to make viable bacteria content reach 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 The calcium chloride flocculation is carried out, and after the flocculation is finished, bacterial mud is obtained by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode, the bacterial powder is dried by blowing until the water content is 35 percent, cyclone separation is carried out, and the bacterial powder is put into a pulverizer for pulverization and is sieved by a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the bacillus megatherium microbial inoculum;

finally, according to 1: uniformly mixing the prepared bacillus subtilis microbial agent and bacillus megatherium microbial agent in a weight ratio of 0.6 to obtain a microbial agent for expanded culture;

Firstly, uniformly mixing 7 times of straw powder and a microbial agent to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass percentage of the mixture is 1:33, mixing the mixture with cow and sheep manure, piling up, fermenting, controlling the water content to 55%, covering with a film during fermentation, uncovering the cover when the internal temperature is raised to 27 ℃, and turning over the mixture when the piling temperature is raised to 80 ℃ once a day until the cow and sheep manure is thoroughly decomposed to obtain decomposed cow and sheep manure;

then adding 45% of decomposed cow and sheep manure, 17% of selenium-enriched stone coal, 17% of activated selenium-enriched mineral powder and 1% of sodium selenate into the mixture according to the weight fraction, adding 20% of humic acid dry matter, keeping the water content at 18%, and uniformly mixing the mixture;

Then, placing the uniformly mixed batch into a disc granulator, adjusting the rotation number of the granulator to 70 r/min, and simultaneously spraying silicon-rich liquid accounting for 18% of the mass of the batch, so as to prepare the batch into spherical particles with the diameter of 2-3 mm;

and finally, placing the manufactured particles into a rotary furnace, passing through the rotary furnace at 145 ℃ for 45min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the selenium-rich and silicon-rich bio-organic fertilizer.

The biological organic fertilizer prepared by the invention has the advantages that nutrients are not easy to lose, the fertilizer efficiency is longer, the raw materials are rich in selenium elements after fermentation, the selenium content in crop fruits can be increased, the economic value of melons and fruits is improved, and the planting benefit is obviously improved. The selenium-rich and silicon-rich biological organic fertilizer prepared by the patent has the advantages that the application effect can obviously improve the selenium content of agricultural products, obviously improve the percentage content of organic selenium in the total selenium of the agricultural products, is suitable for being applied to areas with selenium deficiency or low selenium in China, and has positive significance for improving the selenium level of people. The composite microbial inoculum has the effects of dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen and enhancing soil fertility, can obviously improve the contents of various trace mineral elements of fruits, has simple preparation process and low manufacturing cost, and is suitable for industrial production.

Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for activating selenium-enriched ore is characterized in that: comprises the steps of,

2. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selenium-rich ore is crushed into particles of 1 or 2 or 3 cm.

3. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of the rotary furnace is raised to 420 ℃ from room temperature for 13 min;

or the rotary kiln was warmed from room temperature to 490 ℃ over 20 min.

4. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the batch was cooled to room temperature by 35 or 50 or 60 min.

5. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: putting 50% of selenium-enriched ore particles, 35% of lime, 7% of potassium feldspar and 8% of potassium carbonate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, and ball milling for 6 hours to obtain powder;

6. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lime, the potassium feldspar and the potassium carbonate are all industrial raw materials, and the granularity is 30-50 meshes.

7. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grinding medium in the ball mill adopts agate balls with the average diameter of 5-8 mm.

8. A preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

First step, activation of selenium-rich ore

second step, preparation of silicon-rich liquid solvent

thirdly, the microbial agent is amplified

then, starch 0.2 to 0.8 percent, glucose 0.2 to 0.8 percent, yeast extract 0.01 to 0.08 percent, manganese sulfate 0.005 to 0.0158 percent and VB 0.0052 to 0.018 percent are mixed according to the mass percent ₁₂ Placing the bacillus megaterium strain in water, regulating the pH value to 6.8-7.2 to obtain a fermentation culture medium, and inoculating the bacillus megaterium strain into the sterilized fermentation culture medium, wherein the fermentation conditions are as follows: the culture temperature is 32-38 ℃, the stirring revolution is 100-200 rpm, the pH value is not lower than 6.5, and the stirring culture is carried out for 6-8 hours, so that the content of viable bacteria reaches 10 ¹⁰ pfu/ml to obtain fermentation broth, and adding 5g.L to the fermentation broth ^-1 Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 g.L ^-1 The calcium chloride is flocculated, bacterial mud is obtained by adopting a plate-frame filter pressing mode after flocculation is completed, the bacterial mud is dried by blowing until the water content is 25 to 35 percent, bacterial powder is separated by cyclone, and the bacterial powder is put into a pulverizer to be pulverized and is sieved by a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a bacillus megatherium microbial inoculum;

Firstly, uniformly mixing 5-10 times of straw powder and microbial agent to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture and cow and sheep manure according to the mass percentage of 1:24-40, piling up and fermenting, controlling the water content to be 50-60%, covering the mixture with a film during fermentation, uncovering the cover when the internal temperature is increased to 25-30 ℃, and turning over the mixture when the piling up temperature is increased to 60-80 ℃ once a day until the cow and sheep manure is thoroughly decomposed to obtain decomposed cow and sheep manure;

Then, according to weight fraction, decomposing 40% -60% of cow and sheep manure, 10% -20% of selenium-enriched stone coal, 10% -20% of activated selenium-enriched mineral powder, 0.1% -1% of sodium selenate, adding 10% -20% of humic acid dry matter, keeping the water content at 10-30%, and uniformly mixing;

9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 8, wherein: the lime, potassium feldspar, potassium carbonate, quartz sand, selenium powder, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, manganese sulfate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate are all industrial raw materials, and the granularity is 30-50 meshes.

10. The method of manufacturing according to claim 8, wherein: the grinding medium in the ball mill adopts agate balls with the average diameter of 5-8 mm.