CN1020873C - 涂塑钢管及其制法 - Google Patents

涂塑钢管及其制法 Download PDF

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CN1020873C
CN1020873C CN89106397A CN89106397A CN1020873C CN 1020873 C CN1020873 C CN 1020873C CN 89106397 A CN89106397 A CN 89106397A CN 89106397 A CN89106397 A CN 89106397A CN 1020873 C CN1020873 C CN 1020873C
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克里斯特·贝格斯特龙
约翰·冯克诺林
米科·卡图伦
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Abstract

本发明涉及至少包括一层由可水解硅烷加以改良的聚烯烃涂层的涂塑钢管及其制法。

Description

本发明涉及包括由至少一层含有可水解硅烷的塑料涂层的涂塑钢管,上述含硅烷的涂层用于在钢材或涂复环氧树脂的钢材上粘结塑料涂层。此外,含硅烷的塑料涂层是交联的,因而改善了它的机械与热性能。
迄今为止所生产的涂塑钢管被用于例如传输天然气。钢管首先经喷丸处理,在加以清洁后用煤气火焰或在感应电炉内加热至90℃到230℃,然后涂复一层黑色聚乙烯组合物,以及热熔体或一层含酸(该酸可以被掺入或被共聚合)的乙烯聚合物作为粘性层。
该二层涂复过程可在同时挤制或顺序挤制的过程中实现,管子被模子穿过(滑块涂复)或使管子在熔化的塑料膜层被挤压于其上的同时旋转(螺旋涂复)。使用粉末形成管内粘性层也是常见的。在任何情况下下面这一点是重要的:在塑料与钢之间的粘结应足以防止潮气进入对钢材的腐蚀。
近来环氧树脂被用来防止钢管腐蚀,这是因为环氧树脂对钢材具有高度的粘结性。另一方面,环氧树脂对撞击相当敏感,故涂复环氧树脂的钢管通常再涂复一层黑色聚乙烯组合物与含酸的乙烯聚合物作为粘性层。这种三层涂复(MAPEC工艺)的实行原则上与双层涂复的方式是一样的,例外的情况是先涂复粉状或液状的环氧树脂然后再立即涂复粘性层。上述几层的涂复受到非常精密的控制。为得到所要求的粘性层(其规格大大地高于作双层涂复时),当涂复粘性层时,环氧树脂固化程度必须不能太低(温度太低或时间太短)或太高(温度过高或时间过长)。
此外,粘性塑料的温度必须足够的高(超过210℃)。
根据各国的增长需要而采用了上述的三层涂复。此外对粘性的要求也逐年地提高,包括对老化强度,高、低温时的粘性等等。这些要求在各国已标准化。在市场上,涂复两层或三层粘性塑料的钢管其塑胶的基本组份是聚乙烯与聚丙烯,或它们的含有低量(低于1%)的不饱和酸(如顺丁烯二酸酐的接枝共聚物,或含有高量的(高于4%)不饱和酸(如丙烯酸或顺丁烯二酸酐)乙烯共聚物或三元共聚物。
上述传统的粘性塑料在挤制工艺中具有腐蚀性,而它们需要在精心控制的条件下往钢上或环氧树脂上涂复。此外,这些粘性塑料通常在相当低的温度下熔化(缺乏热稳定),它们也不能产生交联。
传统上硅烷以单体形式用于生产硅树脂,以及作为所谓的偶系剂用于改善例如填充物、玻璃纤维及塑料间的粘接性。
在塑料工业中也同样地采用硅烷接枝的聚烯烃或乙烯-硅烷共聚物或三元共聚物在硅烷醇缩合催化剂与水的影响下产生交联。硅烷接枝的聚烯烃与乙烯-硅烷共聚物或三元共聚物也表现出对金属,例如钢与铝,及其有极性的塑料:如聚酰胺、聚脂,具有良好的粘结性能。其粘性并可借助于掺入有机酸或氨基硅烷而得到改善。
本发明的目的是提供一种至少包括一层含可水解的硅烷的塑料涂层的涂塑钢管。上述塑料层可由聚烯烃组成,后者借助于可水解硅烷接枝或产生共聚以使其在双涂层钢管中对钢及三涂层钢管中对环氧树脂的粘性得以增加。可水解硅烷的接枝可借助于形成聚合物基团的自由基反应进行,然后再与硅烷中的不饱和基反应。反应的历程可借助于例如在其中由过氧化物引发剂在升高的温度下形成自由基,且上述自由基从聚烯烃链中裂解出氢。同时,其它类型的自由基引发剂也可以遇 见的。此外,还可以通过幅射〔如外韧致幅射(EB)〕获得聚合物自由基。可水解硅烷还可以以另一种方式接枝于聚烯烃链上,其中硅烷内的某一功能团(如氨基)与聚烯烃内的其一功能团(如丁基)起反应。当可水解的硅烷将与某一烯烃产生共聚或三元共聚时,硅烷相对地总是得到一个不饱和基。可水解硅烷是一类有机硅化合物,在水的影响下可形成硅烷醇类群。以这种方式水解通常产生的是烷基类群(大多数为甲氧基类群),但醋酸基类群与氯化物类群也可以考虑。最常遇到的用于交联聚合物的可水解硅烷是乙烯基-三甲氧基硅烷(VTMO),但乙烯基-三乙氧基硅烷(VTEO),乙烯基-三甲氧基-乙氧基硅烷(VTMOEO)与甲基丙烯酸基-丙基-三甲氧基硅烷(MEMO)也很常用。此外,单(或)双烷氧基硅烷也是很适用的,例如乙烯基-甲基-二甲氧基硅烷(VMDMO)。
在原则上作为采用可水解的硅烷接枝的聚合物基体可以是任何聚烯烃,但最普通的是聚乙烯(LDPE、HDPE、LMDPE、LLDPE、VLDPE与LDPE)、各种乙烯共聚物(EVA、EBA、EEA、EMA)、聚丙烯(PP)及其共聚物。关于含以不饱和的可水解的硅烷作为共聚单体的共聚物或三元共聚物的种类,最普通的聚合物是E-VTMO,E-BA-VTMO,E-MA-VTMO,E-MEMO。它们均由高压产生。涂塑钢管K的含硅烷的聚烯烃涂层中可水解硅烷的含量为0.1%至5%重量比,但最佳含量为0.5至3%重量百分比。
含硅烷的涂层在水的作用下产生交联,其中硅烷在初步水解时形成硅烷醇类群,然后它们缩合形成硅氧烷桥。反应在管子的贮藏和使用过程中缓慢地进行,因为聚乙烯化合物吸收环境中的潮气。也可以 采用具有较高含水量的涂层,或涂层本身通过化学反应分离出水。较高速度的交联过程可以采用加热钢管与所谓的硅烷醇缩合催化剂(例如二丁基二月桂酸锡)来实现。这种硅烷醇缩合催化剂通常是将其基本量一次性地在挤制含硅烷的涂层中将其加入,但也可加入至由黑色聚乙烯组合物组成的外层中或环氧树脂层中或其它作为塑料涂层的一部分的其它涂层中。如果硅烷醇缩合催化剂被包括在含硅烷的涂层以外的其它层中,挤制就易于实施。因为导致结块的凝胶过程发生的可能性就会变小。硅烷醇缩合催化剂在挤制后相对地易于从含硅烷醇催化剂的涂层中扩散入含硅烷的涂层中。很明显催化剂亦可以用喷射或涂刷的方法与涂复过程同步或分别作业施加于含硅烷的涂层上。硅烷醇缩合催化剂的加入数量在均布后达到含硅烷的涂层的0.01至0.5%。
为了对在这里公开的本发明作一更贴切的说明,下面对一些不起限定作用的本发明的实例进行描述。
作螺旋状涂复的钢管所采用的双涂层与三涂层技术模拟在旋转辊子导轨上水平运动的钢板的涂复技术。8mm厚的经喷砂并加以清洁的钢板在电炉中被加热至温度Tfe后送至涂复线。其后80μm厚的粉末状环氧树脂(Bitumes    Speciaux′    Eurokote    714.31)层被用喷射法施于其上(仅在作三层涂复时用)。在一段涂复间隔时间tint后该板在温度TAd,下挤压涂复一层厚Sad的粘性塑料涂层,并立即在220℃的温度下再涂复一层1.5mm厚的黑色聚乙烯化合物(Neste    A    3522-CJ,熔化系数0.35克/10分钟,碳黑含量为2.5%)。
涂复后,一个辊子用2kg/cm2的压力把塑料层压紧在钢板 上,涂塑钢板用水在1分钟内加以冷却。在至少24小时后用50mm/分的牵引率进行90°剥脱试验来决定粘度。上述试验在23℃与60℃时实行。此外在23℃与60℃时的粘度亦在将涂塑钢板在80℃的水中实行12小时的交联后再行测量。
从例1中看到含硅烷的乙烯聚合物是如何在作双层涂复时粘结在钢板上的。钢板的温度TFe是210℃,粘性塑料的温度TAd是220℃,粘性层的厚度SAd是300μm。
作为参考,采用酸性接枝的粘性塑料(Neste AC 0444),如E-BA-AA-三元聚合物(Lupolen 2910M by BASF)与LDPE(Neste B4524,熔化系数为4.5克/10分钟,比重为924公斤/m3
例1
粘性(牛顿/cm)
粘性塑料类型    23℃    60℃
E-VTMO    溶化系数=0.7克/10分    20.4    17.6
VTMO=1.7%
E-BA-VTMO    溶化系数=4.5克/10分    41.7    19.2
BA=17%,VTMO=2%
E-MEMO    溶化系数=1.5克/10分    36.2    22.3
MEMO=1.3%
VTMO-接枝LDPE    溶化系数=0.7克/10分    32.4    18.1
VTMO=1.7%
酸接枝粘性塑料    36.9    19.6
E-BA-AA    34.8    21.3
LDPE    0    0
上述结果揭示了LDPE完全丧失了对钢的粘性,而使用含硅烷的乙烯聚合物的粘度值可以得到与含酸的商品粘性塑料性能同样的水平。
在含硅烷的乙烯聚合物中,E-BA-VTMO三元聚合物被证明是最佳的。但在提高的试验温度(60℃)下所有上述聚合物显示出粘性不够。
例2显示出在例1中所描述的含硅烷的乙烯聚合物对三层涂复环氧树脂的粘结性。对钢、粘性塑料与黑色聚乙烯组合物采用的温度与例1相同。环氧树脂涂复与粘性塑料涂复的间隔时间有两种,即10秒与20秒。
例2
粘性塑料类型    粘度(牛顿)/cm
23℃    60℃
10秒    20秒    20秒
E-VTMO    27.1    30.0    21.3
E-BA-VTMO    125.1    167.0    38.2
E-MEMO    48.2    52.6    36.5
VTMO-接枝LDPE    35.6    47.8    19.7
酸接枝粘性塑料    163.1    63.0    18.2
E-BA-AA    31.4    62.8    29.6
LDPE    0    0    0
上述结果揭示了LDPE完全丧失了对环氧树脂的粘性,且使用含硅烷的乙烯聚合物时其粘性值可超过含酸的商品粘性塑料的性能。在含硅烷的乙烯聚合物中E-BA-VTMO-三元聚合物被证实是最上乘的,在短的和长的涂复间隔时间内都被测得高的粘性值。但在提高的 试验温度(60℃)中所有的这些复合物显示出粘性不足。
在表中可看出在室温条件下采用E-BA-VTMO,采用酸接枝粘性塑料和采用E-BA-AA或粘性涂层作两层涂复后不同的涂复条件对粘性的影响。这些条件与例1中相同而未加改变。
例3:
条件的变化    粘度(牛顿/cm)
E-BA-VTMO    酸接枝粘性塑料    E-BA-AA
TFe=150℃ 32.5 15.9 26.9
=185℃    39.2    22.6    31.4
=210℃    41.7    36.9    34.8
=225℃    51.2    33.1    47.6
TAd=150℃ 52.2 29.3 27.0
=170℃    48.3    33.4    31.7
=220℃    41.7    36.9    34.8
=240℃    42.2    37.4    35.2
SAd=200μm 37.9 27.1 25.7
=300μm    41.7    36.9    24.8
=400μm    48.2    38.6    39.6
上述结果揭示了E-BA-VTMO三元聚合物的优点,即可以用于温度较低的钢材和粘性塑料,可以达到与含酸商品粘性塑料的粘性相同而粘性涂层的厚度更小。所有的这些效果都降低了成本。当在粘性塑料的挤压过程中可维持较低的温度时,操作过程由于在挤压机内减少了分解且减少了裂缝的产生而变得更为可靠。
在例4中可看出在室温条件下在采用E-BA-VTMO、采用酸 性接枝的粘性塑料与采用E-BA-AA或粘性涂层,作为三层涂复后不同涂复条件对粘性的影响。这些条件与例1相同而未发生改变,涂复时间间隔为20秒。
例4:    粘性(牛顿/cm)
条件的变化    E-BA-VTMO    酸接枝    E-BA-AA
粘性塑料
TFe=210℃ 167.0 63.0 62.8
=220℃    157.9    53.1    52.2
=240℃    163.1    55.7    56.1
TAd=150℃ 158.3 32.6 29.2
=170℃    169.2    47.8    45.3
=220℃    167.0    63.0    62.8
=240℃    153.7    67.3    69.1
SAd=200μm 113.2 42.7 37.2
=300μm    167.0    63.0    62.8
400μm    169.3    62.4    67.1
tint=5秒    117.8    38.2    26.2
=10秒    125.1    163.1    31.4
=20秒    167.0    63.0    62.8
=30秒    148.2    23.4    21.8
上述结果揭示了E-BA-VTMO三元聚合物在作三层涂复时基本上具有与作双层涂复(例3)时同样的优点。钢板的温度无疑可以进一步降低。如果采用低熔点的粉状环氧树脂或液态环氧树脂,则E-BA-VTMO亦可在很低的温度下加以挤压,使得操作更为可靠。注意 E-BA-VTMO三元聚合物在涂复间隔时间很短(环氧树脂不交联)或很长(环氧树脂完全交联)的情况下均给出甚佳的粘性值。这样使得三层涂复时的粘性完全不依赖于涂复技术与设定工艺条件的变化。这是一个显著的优点。
在例5中看到双层或三层涂复的钢管所采用的含硅烷的粘性层可在加入水与硅烷醇缩合催化剂二丁基二月桂酸锡(DBTDL)与二辛基二月桂酸(DOTDL)后产生交联。在作三层涂复时,涂复的时间间隔为20秒。加入的催化剂以1%基本量的形式一次性地一方面加入粘性塑料中而另一方面加入黑色聚乙烯复合物中以使其在不同的塑料层间遣移平衡后在粘性层中得到0.05%的催化剂。其后涂复塑料的钢板在80℃的水中保持12小时以产生交联。交联度表示为聚合物不溶百分数,在140℃的二甲苯中放置8小时后求出。而粘度在23℃与60℃时测出。
例5:
交联的含硅烷    交联度    粘度(牛顿/cm)
塑料    (%)
对钢    对环氧树脂
23℃    60℃    23℃    60℃
VTMO接枝LDPE    67    27.1    25.2    39.7    32.8
DBTDL粘性塑料
VTMO接枝LDPE    62    25.3    23.0    36.8    27.1
DOTDL粘性塑料
含VTMO接枝的LDPE    65    31.5    28.3    46.3    42.1
DBTDL的黑色聚
乙稀组合物
含E-BA-VTMO,    78    36.3    25.1    87.4    63.1
DBTDL的粘性塑料
含E-BA-VTMO,    76    38.9    35.7    161.5    74.2
DBTDL的黑色聚
乙烯组合物
上述结果揭示了交联的粘性塑料与非交联的粘性塑料相比之下例1与2其对钢材及环氧树脂的粘性在23℃时稍差。在60℃时相反地交联的粘性塑料的粘性明显改善。最佳的粘度将在E-BA-VTMO三元聚合物与DBTDL加入黑色聚乙烯复合物时得到。
为了进一步描述在变换基础聚合物、硅烷与环氧树脂类型的情况下含硅烷的复合物与环氧树脂的粘度,制定了表6。实验方法包括:喷砂处理的钢板在采用粉末环氧树脂的情况下加热至210℃,而在采用液态环氧树脂(Bitumes Speciaux′ Enodokote 427,31)时加热至180℃。其后热钢板涂复一层80μm的环氧树脂与一层300μm的粉状粘性塑料。粉状环氧树脂与粘性塑料用风力喷撒涂复。而液状环氧树脂采用涂刷。当采用硅烷醇缩合催化剂(DOTDL)时将其与液态环氧树脂混合。对于粉状环氧树脂涂刷间隔时间为5秒,而对于液态环氧树脂为60秒。然后涂复粘性塑料,把热的(210℃)钢筒(直径20mm)压在粘性塑料上,再把经涂复钢板浸入水中冷却120秒。在至少24小时后,用缓慢拉出粘在粘性塑料上的钢筒来试验粘性。此时在环绕它们的塑料上留下了刻痕(ISO4624方法)。这种情况下可以用在钢管下面单位面积所受的力来计算粘度,其单位表示为牛顿/cm2
在本例中,EBA代表DFDS6417    by    Neste,HDPE代表DMDS0935    by    Neste,LLDPE代表DFDS9020,VLDPE代表Mitsui    Petrochemicals′    Tafmor    A    4085
例6:
试验品 粘度(牛顿/cm2
粉末状环氧树脂    液态环氧树脂
LDPE    0    0
用0.1%VTMO接枝的LDPE    10
用0.3%VTMO接枝的LDPE    52
用1.0%VTMO接枝的LDPE    85
用2.0%VTMO接枝的LDPE    120    18
用5.0%VTMO接枝的LDPE    113
用2.0%VTEO接枝的LDPE    36
用2.0%VMDMO接枝的LDPE    48
用2.0%MEMO接枝的LDPE    53
用2.0%VTMO接枝的EBA    99
用2.0%VTMO接枝的HDPE    100
用2.0%VTMO接枝的LLDPE    118
用2.0%VTMO接枝的VLDPE    69
E-VTMO    57
E-MEMO    35
E-BA-VTMO    114    36
用2.0%VTMO+0.2%DOTDL
接枝的LDPE    15
E-BA-VTMO+0.2%DOTDL    23
E-BA-AA    111    0
上述结果揭示了含硅烷的聚烯烃在其浓度超过0.1%对环氧树脂的粘性呈现增加。这些结果也揭示出可水解硅烷对环氧树脂粘性的改善不依赖于含硅烷的聚烯烃是如何制备的。硅烷可以被共聚、被接枝或以其它方式被加入。也可采用除LDPE外的聚烯烃与高压聚合而成的乙烯聚合物。再之,还可看到含硅烷的聚烯烃也可用于增进对液状环氧树脂的粘性。
以上述叙述为基础在后面提出不具约束性的权利要求。

Claims (16)

1、一种涂塑钢管,它包括一个钢管,钢管上面有一内层,而内层的暴露面上有一外层,
其特征在于内层包括至少一层用可水解的硅烷改性的交联聚烯烃,外层包括未改性的或掺烟炱的聚烯烃。
2、按照权利要求1的管子,其中所述可水解的硅烷是不饱和烷氧基硅烷。
3、按照权利要求2的管子,其中所述不饱和烷氧基硅烷是乙烯基三氧硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧硅烷、乙烯基二甲基-乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基乙氧基硅烷、烯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、烯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷或甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
4、按照权利要求1的管子,其中所述可水解的硅烷与聚烯烃链共聚合或接枝到其上。
5、按照权利要求1的管子,其中所述用硅烷改性的聚烯烃是以聚乙烯、乙烯共聚物或聚丙烯为基础。
6、按照权利要求5的管子,其中所述用硅烷改性的聚烯烃选自LDPE、EVA、EBA、EEA、EMA、HDPE、LMDPE。
7、按照权利要求1的管子,其中所述外层是含碳黑、LLDPE、VIDPE、ULDPE、PP以及它们的混合物的掺烟炱的聚烯烃。
8、按照权利要求7的管子,其中在所述钢管和所述内层之间有环氧层。
9、按照权利要求1的管子,包括在所述钢管和所述内层之间的一层环氧层。
10、一种用塑料涂覆钢管的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
对所述管子涂覆至少一层用可水解的硅烷改性的聚烯烃,
在水份的作用下,硅烷交联聚烯烃,以及
往由此形成的交联的硅烷改性的聚烯烃层上涂覆未改性的或掺烟炱的聚烯烃的外层。
11、按照权利要求10的方法,还包括以下步骤:
在涂覆管子之前,将硅迷醇缩合催化剂加到所述至少一层中以加速所述交联。
12、按照权利要求10的方法,还包括以下步骤:使聚烯烃与所述硅烷共聚合或将所述硅烷接枝到所述聚烯烃上。
13、按照权利要求11的方法,其中在对管子进行所述涂覆之前,将所述催化剂加到形成所述外层的复合物中,并允许所述催化剂从所述外层扩散到用硅烷改性的聚烯烃层,从而交联。
14、按照权利要求10的方法,其中用以下方法往所述管子上涂覆所述至少一层:
采用十字模头进行共挤出或顺序挤出或采用旋涂,
或采用粉末涂覆。
15、按照权利要求10的方法,还包括以下步骤:
按顺序往所述管子上涂覆内环氧层和用硅烷改性的所述聚烯烃层,所述环氧层涂覆所述管子上或以单独的前步骤涂覆用硅烷改性的聚烯烃层。
16、按照权利要求10的方法,还包括以下步骤:用热水或蒸汽处理所述至少一层以加快所述交联。
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