CN102036819A - 易粘接性聚酯膜及使用其的包装材料 - Google Patents
易粘接性聚酯膜及使用其的包装材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102036819A CN102036819A CN2009801185036A CN200980118503A CN102036819A CN 102036819 A CN102036819 A CN 102036819A CN 2009801185036 A CN2009801185036 A CN 2009801185036A CN 200980118503 A CN200980118503 A CN 200980118503A CN 102036819 A CN102036819 A CN 102036819A
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- Prior art keywords
- easy
- film
- polyester film
- adhesion
- mylar
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Abstract
本发明提供一种在基材聚酯膜的至少一面上设置易粘接性底漆层的易粘接性聚酯膜。基材聚酯膜是由含有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的混合聚酯树脂形成的、具有撕裂直行性的拉伸膜。易粘接性底漆层含有酸值为20~60mgKOH/g、羟基值为30~150mgKOH/g、低聚体含量为2.0质量%以下的聚酯树脂(A),且实质上不含交联剂成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及易粘接性聚酯膜及使用其的包装材料,特别是涉及可用于包装材料等的易粘接性聚酯膜及使用其的包装材料。
背景技术
在实施煮沸或蒸煮(Retort)等加热杀菌处理的食品包装中,使用包含耐热性、机械强度、耐冲击性、耐油性优异的双向拉伸聚酯膜的包装材料。作为这类包装材料的包装构成有PET/CPP、PET/ON/CPP、PET/Al/CPP、PET/Al/ON/CPP、PET/ON/Al/CPP等。其中,PET为聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、Al为铝箔、CPP为未拉伸聚丙烯膜、ON为双向拉伸尼龙膜。
对于这些包装材料要求在开封时可直行撕开(以下也称为“撕裂直行性”)。但是,在使用了一般的双向拉伸聚酯膜的公知包装材料中,开封包装袋时不能直行撕开,有时造成袋内物品散落等问题。
作为用来解决上述问题的技术,在JP2002-080705A中公开了一种易粘接膜,是在向PET配合了含聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)和聚丁二醇(PTMG,poly(tetramethylene glycol))的改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(改性PBT)的双向拉伸膜上设置了易粘接层。将这种易粘接膜作为包装材料时,可改良其层压强度、撕裂直行性。
此外,在公知技术中,聚酯膜的易粘接层使用聚酯类树脂。这种构成易粘结层的聚酯类树脂,为了达到提高耐热性及粘接性等的目的,实施三聚氰胺等交联剂的添加(如JP08-311221A、段落0057)。
但是已经发现在以具有撕裂直行性的膜作为基材的层压膜中,若煮沸处理或蒸煮处理后的层压强度降低,从而变得层间易剥离,则基材将不能充分发挥原有的撕裂直行性,层压膜的撕裂直行性将会降低的问题。
另一方面,众所周知从作为交联剂使用的三聚氰胺树脂中产生甲醛,其会引发sick house综合症和sick school综合症。在包装行业中出于改善制造产品时的作业环境等为目的,已有减少三聚氰胺树脂的添加的动向。但是,已经发现不使用三聚氰胺树脂,则在进行近年来对包装材料要求的更为严格的条件下的煮沸处理或蒸煮处理时,存在层压强度不足的情况。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决如上所述公知技术的问题点。具体而言,本发明的目的在于提供一种易粘接膜及使用其的包装材料,所述易粘接膜即使在比以前更为严格的条件下进行煮沸处理或蒸煮处理后,也能够保持充分的层压粘接性,并且,即使在经过所述处理后,也不破坏特定组分的双向拉伸聚酯膜所具有的撕裂直行性。
本发明人等为解决上述问题进行了深入研究,结果发现在通过向聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯配合特定的聚酯树脂而赋予了撕裂直行性的双向拉伸聚酯膜的至少一面上,作为易粘接性底漆层设置用特定聚酯树脂形成的层,则能够解决上述问题,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明的要点如下所述。
(1)一种易粘接性聚酯膜,在基材聚酯膜的至少一面上设有易粘接性底漆层,其特征在于,
基材聚酯膜是由含有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的混合聚酯树脂形成的、具有撕裂直行性的拉伸膜,
易粘接性底漆层含有酸值为20~60mgKOH/g、羟基值为30~150mgKOH/g、低聚体含量为2.0质量%以下的聚酯树脂(A),且实质上不含交联剂成分。
(2)上述(1)的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,聚酯树脂(A)的酸值与羟基值的总值为50~200mgKOH/g。
(3)上述(1)或(2)的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,聚酯树脂(A)的相对于酸值的羟基值的比例(羟基值)/(酸值)为2.0~5.0。
(4)上述(1)至(3)中任一项所述的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,易粘接性底漆层的表面羧酸浓度及表面羟基浓度均在0.005以上,且表面伯胺浓度在0.0001以下。
(5)上述(1)至(4)中任一项所述的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,实质上不含作为交联剂成分的三聚氰胺化合物。
(6)上述(1)至(5)中任一项所述的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,基材膜的改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯含有聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯及聚丁二醇。
(7)一种易粘接性聚酯膜的制造方法,用于制造上述(1)至(6)中任一项所述的易粘接性聚酯膜的方法,其特征在于,在取向结晶前的基材聚酯膜的至少一面上涂布以聚酯树脂(A)为主要成分的水性涂覆剂形成涂膜,然后将基材聚酯膜与所述涂膜一起至少向一个方向拉伸并热处理,从而进行取向结晶。
(8)上述(7)的易粘接性聚酯膜的制造方法,其特征在于,实施低聚体去除处理。
(9)一种层叠膜,其特征在于,包括上述(1)至(6)中任一项所述的易粘接性聚酯膜。
(10)上述(9)的层叠膜,其特征在于,易粘接性聚酯膜介由聚氨酯类粘接剂而与其它层粘接。
(11)上述(9)或(10)的层叠膜,其特征在于,135℃×30分钟的蒸煮处理后的层压强度,在常态、湿润的任一条件下,均为200g/15mm宽以上。
(12)一种包装袋,其特征在于,将上述(9)至(11)中任一项所述的层叠膜制成袋。
(13)上述(12)的包装袋,其特征在于,使层叠膜的撕裂直行方向与袋的开封方向一致地制成袋。
根据本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜,能够形成即使在比以往更为严格的条件下进行煮沸处理或蒸煮处理后,也具有在实用上足够的层压粘接性的层叠膜。
本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜,不会破坏基材所具有的优异的撕裂直行性,同时还具有适当的撕裂阻力。
若使用由本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜构成的层叠膜,以撕裂直行方向作为袋的开封方向制成袋,则能够得到开封时的便利性高的包装袋。这种包装袋特别适用于食品包装用途。
本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜,即使不使用三聚氰胺化合物等产生甲醛的物质作为交联剂也能够获得。因此,能够改善周边环境,特别是改善制造包装材料时的作业环境。
本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜,通过将含有聚酯树脂的水性涂覆剂涂布于基材膜而能够简单地制得。由于涂覆剂是水性,所以有利于环境的同时,容易控制易粘接底漆层的厚度,因此生产效率优异,工业上有利。
附图说明
图1是表示对于实施例1进行聚酯树脂的GPC分析而求出的分子量图中的聚酯峰面积S1的图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜是在基材聚酯膜的至少一面上设置有易粘接性底漆层。
基材聚酯膜是具有撕裂直行性的膜,例如可举出与上述JP2002-080705A中所记载的膜相同结构的膜。以下对其进行详细说明。
基材聚酯膜可优选使用含有70~95质量%的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)以及30~5质量%的含聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)及聚丁二醇(PTMG)的改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(改性PBT)的混合聚酯树脂的双向拉伸膜。众所周知,如JP2002-080705A中所记载,这种树脂组成的双向拉伸膜,在制造时的膜的流向(MD方向)上呈撕裂直行性。
PET和改性PBT的混合比例必须为PET/改性PBT=70/30~95/5(质量比),优选为80/20~90/10(质量比),进一步优选为85/15~90/10(质量比)。改性PBT的混合比例小于5质量%时,得不到撕裂直行性;超过30质量%时,机械强度、尺寸稳定性、雾度等性能降低,在实用性方面出现问题。
改性PBT中的PBT和PTMG的比例,从改性PBT与PET的相容性良好、提高膜的挤出加工性方面考虑,优选为PBT/PTMG=70/30~95/5(质量比)。进一步优选为80/20~90/10(质量比)。
改性PBT可以在PBT的聚合过程中添加PTMG进行缩聚得到。更简单的方法是通过将PBT与PTMG进行熔融混炼而得到。
PTMG的分子量优选为600~4000,进一步优选为2000~3000。分子量小于600时,难以得到撕裂直行性;超过4000时,机械强度、尺寸稳定性、雾度等性能易降低,且膜的撕裂直行性不稳定。
PET及PBT可按常规方法制造。例如,PET可以通过由对苯二甲酸与乙二醇的直接酯化法、对苯二甲酸二甲酯与乙二醇的酯交换法等,合成聚酯低聚体(双羟基乙基对苯二甲酸酯)后,进行熔融缩聚得到。
只要在不破坏本发明效果的范围内,对苯二甲酸成分之上还可以使用其他的酸成分。这里所谓的其他的酸成分,例如有间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、萘二羧酸、联苯二羧酸、草酸、琥珀酸、琥珀酸酐、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、富马酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸、衣康酸酐、柠康酸、柠康酸酐、二聚酸、1,4-环己二羧酸、1,3-环己二羧酸、1,2-环己二羧酸、2,5-降冰片烯二羧酸及其酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸及其酸酐等脂环族二羧酸、偏苯三酸、均苯四甲酸、二苯甲酮四羧酸、偏苯三酸酐、均苯四甲酸酐、二苯甲酮四羧酸酐、均苯三酸、乙二醇双(缩水偏苯三酸酯)、甘油三(缩水偏苯三酸酯)、1,2,3,4-丁烷四酸等。
此外,只要在不破坏本发明效果的范围内,在PET或PBT的醇成分的乙二醇成分或1,4-丁二醇之上还可以使用其他的醇成分。这里所谓的其他的醇成分,例如有:1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、1,9-壬二醇、2-乙基-2-丁基丙二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、二丙二醇、如2,2-双(4-羟基乙氧基苯基)丙烷的在双酚类的2个酚羟基上分别加成1~数mol环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷得到的乙二醇类、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚丁二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇等。
基材聚酯膜中,在不破坏本发明效果的范围内,还可以混合聚萘二羧酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸环己烷二甲醇酯等其他聚合物。此外,基材聚酯膜,根据需要还可以含有适量的紫外线吸收剂、抗氧化剂、防静电剂、表面活性剂、颜料、荧光增白剂等,二氧化硅、碳酸钙、氧化钛等无机粒子,以丙烯基、苯乙烯等为构成成分的有机粒子等。
构成本发明中易粘接性底漆层的聚酯树脂(A),是由酸成分和醇成分的重复单元构成,以公知的聚合方法制造。聚酯树脂(A)可以是只使用一种聚酯树脂,也可以是并用两种以上的聚酯树脂。为了应用于本发明的制造方法,聚酯树脂必须具有水性。
聚酯树脂(A)的酸成分,作为二羧酸类例如有对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、萘二羧酸、联苯二羧酸等芳香族二羧酸;草酸、琥珀酸、琥珀酸酐、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、富马酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸、衣康酸酐、柠康酸、柠康酸酐、二聚酸等饱和或不饱和的脂肪族二羧酸;1,4-环己二羧酸、1,3-环己二羧酸、1,2-环己二羧酸、2,5-降冰片烯二羧酸及其酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸及其酸酐等脂环族二羧酸。
聚酯树脂(A)的酸成分,优选使用具有三官能团以上的羧酸。例如有偏苯三酸、均苯四甲酸、二苯甲酮四羧酸、偏苯三酸酐、均苯四甲酸酐、二苯甲酮四羧酸酐、均苯三酸、乙二醇双(缩水偏苯三酸酯)、甘油三(缩水偏苯三酸酯)、1,2,3,4-丁烷四酸等。其中,偏苯三酸因涂膜密合性、水分散性、耐热性点优选。从保持良好的树脂水分散性的点以及使聚酯树脂的酸值与涂膜的表面羧酸浓度达到本发明的目标值的点,三官能团以上的多元酸优选酸成分中为5~50mol%,更优选为10~40mol%,特别优选为15~30mol%。
酸成分中,优选使用芳香族羧酸。芳香族羧酸在聚酯树脂的多元酸成分中优选为40mol%以上,更优选为50mol%以上,进一步优选为60mol%以上,特别优选为70mol%以上。通过增加芳香族羧酸成分的比例而能增加与脂肪族及脂环族的酯键相比更难水解的芳香族酯键在树脂骨架中所占的比例,因此提高了树脂水性分散体的储藏稳定性以及构成所得易粘接性底漆层的树脂覆膜的耐水性,同时还提高了树脂覆膜的加工性和耐溶剂性。
从与构成易粘接底漆层的树脂覆膜的各种性能取得平衡的同时,能够提高其加工性、硬度、耐热水性、耐溶剂性、耐气候性等的点出发,上述芳香族羧酸中,优选对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘二羧酸。
为提高聚酯树脂(A)的水分散性,可以添加间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠等具有磺酸基的成分作为共聚合成分。但是,由于添加大多时发生树脂覆膜的耐水性降低以及本发明所追求的煮沸、蒸煮等热水处理后的密合性损坏等情况,所以优选尽可能不添加。
聚酯树脂(A)的醇成分,作为二醇类例如有乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、1,9-壬二醇、2-乙基-2-丁基丙二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、二丙二醇、如2,2-双(4-羟基乙氧基苯基)丙烷的在双酚类的2个酚羟基上分别加成1~数mol环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷得到的乙二醇类、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚丁二醇等。
作为具有三官能团以上的醇,例如可以包含甘油、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇等。
上述醇成分中,优选乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇。乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇在聚酯树脂(A)的醇成分中所占的比例合计优选为50mol%以上,更优选60mol%以上,特别优选70%mol以上。乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇及新戊二醇因为在工业上能量产因此价格便宜,且能使树脂覆膜的各种性能均衡。这些多元醇尤其能够提高树脂覆膜的耐化学药品性和树脂覆膜的耐气候性。
聚酯树脂(A)的酸值必须在20~60mgKOH/g,优选为25~50mgKOH/g,更优选为30~40mgKOH/g。酸值超过60mgKOH/g时,树脂覆膜的耐水性、加工性会出现不足的倾向。另一方面,酸值小于20mgKOH/g时,涂膜中的羧酸浓度降低,相对性地涂膜的表面羧酸浓度也会降低,难以获得本发明所希望的羧酸浓度值。
聚酯树脂(A)的羟基值必须为30~150mgKOH/g,优选为50~130mgKOH/g,更优选为60~100mgKOH/g。羟基值超过150mgKOH/g时,树脂覆膜的耐水性、加工性会出现不足的倾向,且树脂的合成也会变得困难。另一方面,羟基值小于30mgKOH/g时,涂膜中的羟基末端浓度会降低,相对性地涂膜的表面羟基浓度也会降低,难以获得本发明所希望的表面羟基浓度值。
聚酯树脂(A)优选的是酸值及羟基值的总值为50~200mgKOH/g。该总值更优选为60~150mgKOH/g,进一步优选为70~110mgKOH/g。酸值及羟基值的总值超过200mgKOH/g时,树脂的合成变得困难,树脂覆膜的耐水性、加工性也会出现不足的倾向。另一方面,酸值及羟基值的总值小于50mgKOH/g时,会损害对易粘接性底漆层进行涂布、印刷、蒸镀等加工处理后的密合性,特别是会损害煮沸、蒸煮等热水处理后的密合性。
例如通过三元以上的羧酸成分、三元以上的醇成分的共聚量等,可将聚酯树脂(A)的酸值及羟基值的总值、酸值和羟基值适当调整在所希望的范围内。
构成易粘接性底漆层的聚酯树脂(A)大多时会进行涂布、印刷、蒸镀等加工处理,从提高进行这些加工处理后的密合性、容易控制聚酯树脂的聚合等观点来看,相对于酸值的羟基值的比例(羟基值/酸值)优选为2.0~5.0,更优选为2.5~4.5,最优选为3.0~4.0。
对于聚酯树脂(A)的玻璃化点没有特别限定,但为了提高卷绕膜时的抗粘连性,优选为20℃以上,更优选为30℃以上。
从保持煮沸、蒸煮处理后的密合性的角度考虑,易粘接性底漆层的膜厚度优选为0.001μm以上。另一方面,从保持外观良好并具有经济效益的角度考虑,优选为0.5μm以下。更优选为0.005~0.1μm,最优选为0.01~0.05μm。
从保持煮沸、蒸煮处理后的密合性的角度考虑,易粘接性底漆层的表面羧酸浓度优选为0.005以上,更优选为0.010~0.200。作为用来使表面羧酸浓度达到0.005以上的方法,例如有使聚酯树脂(A)的酸值为所述范围内的方法,或在基材聚酯膜上涂布聚酯树脂(A),干燥,然后对涂膜进行电晕处理的方法等。
从保持煮沸、蒸煮处理后的密合性的角度考虑,易粘接性底漆层的表面羟基浓度优选为0.005以上,更优选为0.020~0.200。作为用来使表面羟基浓度达到0.005以上的方法,例如有使聚酯树脂(A)的羟基值为所述范围内的方法,或在基材聚酯膜上涂布聚酯树脂(A),干燥,然后对涂膜进行电晕处理的方法等。
从保持煮沸、蒸煮处理后的密合性的角度考虑,易粘接性底漆层的表面伯胺浓度优选为0.0001以下。为了使表面的胺浓度达到所定的范围,可举出在涂膜中不使用末端或侧链中含有胺基的化合物或树脂的方法。作为末端或侧链中含有胺基的化合物或树脂,具体有尿素类化合物、三聚氰胺类化合物、丙烯酰胺类化合物、聚酰胺类化合物及他们的羟甲基化或甲氧甲基化的化合物等。
易粘接性底漆层必须实质上不含交联剂成分。在本发明中,所谓的“实质上不含交联剂成分”是指交联剂成分的含量在0.1质量%以下且包括0。优选为0。但是最高也不超过0.1质量%,允许含有极微量。作为必须实质上不含的交联剂,例如有异氰酸酯化合物、三聚氰胺化合物、尿素化合物、环氧化合物、碳二亚胺化合物、恶唑啉化合物、聚乙烯亚胺化合物等。
易粘接性底漆层必须实质上不含交联剂成分的原因是由于在如后面所述的通过涂布以聚酯树脂(A)为主要成分的水性涂覆剂而形成易粘接性底漆层的情况下,交联剂会与水发生反应,或交联剂之间发生反应,因此有损害涂膜密合性、耐水性的倾向。在交联剂中,三聚氰胺化合物或异氰酸酯化合物在交联反应后也有赋予胺基末端结构的可能,因此所述的损害涂膜的倾向显著,优选尽可能减少其使用量。
根据本发明,由于实质上不含交联剂成分,所以可以不使用三聚氰胺化合物等产生甲醛的物质。因此能够抑制对制造包装材料时的作业环境的污染,可维持环境,能够保持舒适的状况。
为了使易粘接性底漆层的加工性良好且保持对印刷加工或层压加工时所用的有机溶剂的耐溶剂性,聚酯树脂(A)的数均分子量优选为500以上。此外,为了容易地制得具有作为目标的酸值和羟基的聚酯树脂(A)且制成水性分散体时赋予适当的粘度使水性分散体的稳定性良好,聚酯树脂(A)的数均分子量优选为7000以下。进一步地,更优选为1000以上6000以下,特别优选为2000以上5000以下。聚酯树脂(A)的数均分子量可根据GPC(凝胶渗透色谱分析)分析求出。
聚酯树脂(A)的低聚体含量必须在2.0质量%以下。更优选为1.5质量%以下,最优选为1.0质量%以下。低聚体含量超过2.0质量%时,聚酯树脂(A)的涂膜的表面羧基浓度及表面羟基浓度有降低的趋势。于是,会损害对易粘接性底漆层进行涂布、印刷、蒸镀等加工处理后的密合性,特别是会大幅损害煮沸、蒸煮等热水处理后的密合性。
低聚体是指在聚合物的聚合反应时产生的低聚合度的成分。通常聚酯低聚体是2~6个左右的由构成聚酯树脂的酸和醇组成的重复单元进行聚合,呈链状或环状的物质。低聚体的分子量根据聚酯树脂原料的酸、醇、目标聚合度等而不同,但数均分子量大概在100~2000左右。本发明中,将聚酯树脂(A)的低聚体定义为在GPC分析中,基于独立呈现于比目标聚合物低的分子量侧的峰的成分,并按后述方法测定其分子量。
对于减少聚酯树脂(A)中的低聚体的方法没有特别限定,例如有将以公知方法聚合的聚酯与常温常压下液态的有机溶剂相接触而去除低聚体的方法,或将聚酯水分散化得到的乳液静置,再将随时间推移产生的沉淀通过过滤或倾析法等适当去除的方法等。由于对环境的负担小且能以简单处理去除低聚体,本发明中优选将乳液静置使随时间推移产生的沉淀通过过滤或倾析法等适当去除的方法。以对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、乙二醇、新戊二醇等作为聚酯树脂(A)的构成成分时,沉淀大部分是由对苯二甲酸/乙二醇、对苯二甲酸/新戊二醇、间苯二甲酸/新戊二醇等环状低聚体构成。由于这些低聚体结晶性高且不具有末端基团,因此易在乳液中析出沉淀。对静置条件没有特别限定,例如在温度5~25℃下静置10~1000小时较适当。
本发明中,必须将使用于易粘接性底漆层的聚酯树脂(A)的酸值、羟基值、它们总和及低聚体含量同时控制在所述范围内。为了提高易粘接性底漆层对基材膜的密合性,尤为重要的是提高表面羧酸浓度及羟基浓度。但是,聚酯树脂(A)中含有的低聚体含量多时,该低聚体会渗出到涂膜表面,由此导致层表面的羧酸浓度及羟基浓度的相对降低。由于上述原因,对于构成易粘接性底漆层的聚酯树脂(A)不仅要调整其酸值、羟基值,还必须控制低聚体含量。
本发明中,在基材膜上形成的含有聚酯树脂(A)的易粘接性底漆层,能够通过将聚酯树脂(A)制成水性分散体,再将以此为主要成分的水性涂覆剂涂布到基材膜上,从而容易地得到。
对于聚酯树脂(A)的水性分散体的配制方法没有特别限定,例如有在水性溶剂中添加聚酯树脂(A)和碱性化合物并将其搅拌分散化的方法。由于碱性化合物,聚酯树脂中的羧基中和生成羧基阴离子,通过阴离子间的静电斥力使聚酯树脂稳定分散。作为所添加的碱性化合物,可以是在树脂覆膜形成后不易残留在覆膜中的碱性化合物中的、沸点在250℃以下,优选为160℃以下的有机胺或氨。作为优选的有机胺,具体例如有三乙胺、N,N-二乙基乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、氨基乙醇胺、N-甲基-N,N-二乙醇胺、异丙胺、亚氨基二丙胺、乙胺、二乙胺、3-乙氧基丙胺、3-二乙基氨基丙胺、sec-丁胺、丙胺、甲基氨基丙胺、二甲基氨基丙胺、甲基亚氨基二丙胺、3-甲氧基丙胺、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、吗啉、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉等。其中,优选使用氨、三乙胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺。
水性涂覆剂中的聚酯树脂(A)的固体成分浓度是根据涂布装置、干燥·加热装置的方法可适当改变的。但是,从干燥时间及涂层性角度来看,优选为3~30质量%的范围内。
水性涂覆剂中,除主要成分聚酯树脂(A)以外,为了在膜上涂布时促进对膜的润湿从而提高涂布性,还可以添加表面活性剂。作为表面活性剂,例如可以举出聚亚乙基烷基苯醚、聚氧乙烯-脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸金属盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基磺化琥珀酸盐等阴离子型表面活性剂,乙炔二醇等非离子型表面活性剂。表面活性剂的用量优选在水性涂覆剂中为0.01~1质量%。表面活性剂也如同低聚体存在因渗出到表面而使表面羧酸浓度及表面羟基浓度相对性降低的情况,因此优选能在膜的干燥工序中的热处理温度下进行挥发。若在涂膜中残留,则优选为残留0.1~5质量%的范围。
为了赋予易粘接性底漆层的抗粘连性,还可以在水性涂覆剂中添加无机或有机粒子。作为无机粒子例如可以例举碳酸钙、碳酸镁、氧化钙、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化硅、硅酸钠、氢氧化铝、氧化铁、氧化锆、硫酸钡、氧化钛、炭黑等。作为有机粒子可以例举丙烯酸类交联聚合物、苯乙烯类交联聚合物、酚醛树脂、尼龙树脂、聚乙烯蜡等。无机或有机粒子的粒径优选为0.0001~5μm,更优选为0.01~1μm。其添加量优选在水性涂覆剂中为0~1.0质量%,优选在所得的涂膜中为0~10质量%的范围。
本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜的制造方法,简便的是如上所述的在基材聚酯膜的至少一面上涂布以聚酯树脂(A)为主要成分的水性涂覆剂的方法较。此时,在基材膜上涂布水性涂覆剂的操作可在基材膜的制造工序的任意阶段进行。但是,优选涂布于取向结晶完成前的基材膜上。“结晶取向完成前的基材膜”是指未拉伸膜、将未拉伸膜在纵向或横向的任一方向上进行了取向的单向取向膜等。优选在基材膜上涂布了水性涂覆剂之后,将基材膜与涂膜一起至少向一个方向拉伸并实施热固定处理。拉伸方法可根据所使用的聚酯树脂的性质适当进行改变即可,但优选为拉幅(tenter)式同时双向拉伸法及逐次双向拉伸法等。
更详细地说明则例如将作为原料的改性PBT及PET的粒状混合物投入挤出机,进行加热熔解后,从T模头中以片状挤出,通过外加静电铸型法等密合在冷却鼓上进行速冷制膜,得到未拉伸的基材聚酯膜。然后,在该未拉伸膜上涂布以聚酯树脂(A)为主要成分的水性涂覆剂后,通过逐次双向拉伸法或同时双向拉伸法进行拉伸,制成双向拉伸聚酯膜。根据该方法,在双向拉伸聚酯膜拉伸时的预热、拉伸、热定型的各工序中提供大量的热,所以使水性涂覆剂干燥而形成易粘接性底漆层,同时使基材聚酯膜与易粘接性底漆层牢固地密合。因此,与拉伸后涂膜也就是后涂覆法相比,性能优越且在成本方面也有利。
从均匀性及透明性来看,基材膜的拉伸温度优选为90~145℃。从针孔强度与拉伸性的平衡考虑,拉伸倍率优选为纵横分别在3.0~5.0倍的范围。进而,为了使膜的热收缩率在合适的范围内,优选在210℃以上且在膜难以熔断的上限温度245℃以下进行热处理。
作为将水性涂覆剂涂布到基材膜上的方法,没有特别限定,可以使用凹印辊涂法、逆转辊涂法、环棒(wire bar)涂法、气刀涂法等常规方法。
为了提高其撕裂直行性和耐冲击性,本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜的厚度优选为9μm以上,且优选属于不降低透明性、耐弯曲疲劳性范围的25μm以下。更优选的范围为12~16μm。
由于该易粘接性底漆层,本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜与各种材料的粘接性优异。因此,通过采用各种复合结构而能作为包装材料、工业用膜使用。特别是煮沸、蒸煮这样的热水处理后也具有优异的密合性,因此适合于需进行这种处理的食品包装。
本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜所适用的复合结构只要是至少含有一层易撕裂性聚酯膜则双层、三层或几层都可以。作为其它层可举出热封性树脂层、气体阻隔层等。但是,没有特别限定。
作为构成热封性树脂层的素材,可以使用通常用作包装材料密封胶的物质。例如可以使用聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯树脂共聚物、离聚物等。热封性树脂层的厚度没有特别限定,可以根据需要进行适当决定。但一般情况下在20~100μm左右。
作为构成气体阻隔层的素材,可以使用通常用于对包装材料赋予对于氧或水蒸汽等的阻隔性的物质。例如可以使用聚乙烯醇、EVAL(乙烯乙烯醇共聚物)、蒸镀铝、铝箔、聚氯乙烯、二氧化硅等。对于气体阻隔层的厚度没有特别限定,可以根据使用目的进行适当决定。
用于层叠膜的其他构成材料,例如有尼龙膜、聚酯膜、聚烯烃膜等树脂膜,铝箔等金属箔、纸或无纺布等。
在食品包装用途中使用本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜时,例如可以采用如下结构:该膜/热封性树脂、该膜/尼龙树脂/热封性树脂、该膜/铝/热封性树脂、该膜/铝/尼龙树脂/热封性树脂、该膜/尼龙树脂/铝/热封性树脂等。
将本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜与其他层进行粘接时,可以使用粘接剂。作为粘接剂例如有聚氨酯类、聚亚胺类、聚烯烃类、聚丙烯酸类粘接剂等。其中,从食品安全性、反应性及成本的角度考虑,作为食品包装材料用的粘接剂广泛使用聚氨酯类粘接剂,因此特别优选。没有与本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜粘接的层相互之间也可以适当使用上述粘接剂。
可适当选择粘接剂的涂布量,优选为0.5~10g/m2(干燥)的范围,更优选为1~5g/m2(干燥)。尤其是在所述范围内使用聚氨酯类粘接剂,则易获得下述蒸煮处理后的层压强度。
易粘接性聚酯膜与其他层之间的层压强度,在135℃×30分钟的蒸煮处理后,优选在200g/15mm宽以上,更优选为400g/15mm宽以上。层压强度小于200g/15mm宽时,在开封所得的包装袋时会出现分层,不仅撕裂直行性下降,耐压强度、落袋强度也变不足,成为袋破裂的原因。大于400g/15mm宽时在开封时不会引起分层,能够顺畅地开封,还能够保持充分的实用强度。使用本发明的易粘接性聚酯膜,根据需要对粘接剂等进行适当地选择就能够容易地达到上述层压强度。
使用了易粘接性聚酯膜的层叠膜,通过将其制成袋而能够得到包装袋。对于包装袋的包装形态没有特别限定。例如可以举出三方袋、四方袋、立式袋、枕形袋、折形袋、棒状袋等。在任意的包装袋中,只要以层叠膜的撕裂直行方向成为袋的开口方向的方式制成袋则能得到便利性高的包装袋。
在设有热封性树脂层的层叠膜中,在易粘接性聚酯膜的与形成热封性树脂层一侧表面相反一侧的表面上可以层叠外层膜。通过层叠外层膜而赋予刚性。作为这样的外层膜优选为具有优异的印刷适应性、挠性的聚酯或尼龙等的双向拉伸膜。外层膜的厚度没有特别限定,可以根据使用目的进行适当选择。可以在易粘接膜与外层膜之间设置气体阻隔层。在层压外层膜时,还可以作为底涂层设置本发明中的易粘接膜。
本发明的易粘接性膜,在其易粘接性底漆层上可以设有印刷油墨层、金属或金属氧化物的蒸镀层。其使用形态没有特别限定,例如可以在易粘接性底漆层面的一部分设置印刷油墨层或蒸镀层,进而在其上层叠热封树脂;或者还可以在基材聚酯膜的两面设置易粘接性底漆层,在一侧面层叠所述热封树脂,在另一侧面设置印刷油墨层、蒸镀层。作为印刷油墨没有特别限制,可以使用公知的热固型凹印油墨、柔印油墨、紫外线固化型油墨、电子束固化型油墨、感热记录型油墨等。印刷油墨可以使用溶剂型、无甲苯型、水溶型、非溶剂型的任一类型。作为用于蒸镀的金属或金属氧化物,例如可以举出铝、硅、钛、铬、锌、金、银、铜、不锈钢等或其氧化物。此外,起始原料还可以是金属醇盐等有机金属或卤化物等无机金属化合物。
实施例
通过实施例及比较例对本发明进行详细说明。但是,本发明不只限于以下实施例。以下实施例中的各种物性的评价方法如下所述。
[评价用层叠膜、包装袋]
(聚酯/CPP层叠膜)
在聚酯膜的易粘接性底漆层表面上,按4g/m2涂布干式层压用聚氨酯类粘接剂(三井武田化学公司制A525),然后贴合厚度为50μm的未拉伸聚丙烯膜(CPP)(TOHCELLO公司制RXC-21)。更具体地说则在聚酯膜的易粘接底漆层的表面上涂布粘接剂后,在75℃下干燥1秒钟,在夹套温度80℃下贴合CPP膜而得到层叠膜。然后在40℃下进行48小时老化,用于评价。
(聚酯/Al/CPP层叠膜)
在聚酯膜的易粘接性底漆层表面,按4g/m2涂布干式层压用聚氨酯类粘接剂(三井武田化学公司制A525),75℃下干燥1秒钟后,以夹套温度80℃在其上贴合厚度为7μm的铝箔。然后,在铝箔表面按4g/m2涂布干式层压用聚氨酯类粘接剂(三井武田化学公司制A525及固化剂A52的混合物),与上述同样地贴合厚度为50μm的未拉伸聚丙烯膜(CPP)。然后在40℃下进行48小时老化,用于评价。
(包装袋)
由上述制得的各层叠膜,以使纵向方向成为撕裂直行方向的方式制成200mm见方、封口宽度10mm的四方袋,在其内部填充300g水。对该包装袋实施120℃×30分钟或135℃×30分钟的任一个的蒸煮处理,干燥1天后,进行了开封性及层压强度的各评价。蒸煮处理前也进行了评价。
[评价项目]
(1)开封性
在四方袋的封口部的纵向方向(撕裂直行方向)设置撕口,用手撕裂至相对的相反侧封口部,进行开封。撕裂速度为200mm/1.5秒。并且,以mm为单位测定开封后袋的表面侧及背面侧的各层叠膜宽度方向的长度差的最大值。对同一样品测定5次取平均值,四舍五入得到mm单位的值。得到的值按下述标准进行判定,从而评价撕裂直行性。差越小,撕裂直行性越优异。
并且,根据开封时有没有分层、其状态以及阻滞感,用下述判定标准评价撕裂阻力。
(撕裂直行性)
◎:差的最大值为5mm以下
○:差的最大值为6~10mm
△:差的最大值为11~15mm
×:差的最大值为16mm以上
在实用上,优选的是撕裂直行性的评价为◎或○,即差的平均最大值为10mm以下。
(撕裂阻力)
◎:几乎没有阻力(没有分层,顺畅地开封)
○:稍有阻力(伴有少许分层,但能比较顺畅地开封)
△:有阻力(伴有分层,开封稍有困难)
×:有非常强的阻力(分层严重,很难开封)
在实用上,撕裂阻力的评价优选为◎或○。
(层压强度)
将如上所述制得的“聚酯/CPP层叠膜”或“聚酯/Al/CPP层叠膜”切成15mm宽,在20℃×65%RH的环境,拉伸速度300mm/分钟的速度下,通过T型剥离法测定层压强度(g/15mm宽)。
分别在聚酯/CPP层叠膜中测定聚酯膜与CPP膜之间的界面剥离强度,在聚酯/Al/CPP层叠膜中测定聚酯膜与铝的界面剥离强度。
在剥离口沾水(湿润)、不沾水(常态)2种条件下进行测定。
判定标准如下。
◎:400g/15mm宽以上
○:300g/15mm宽以上、小于400g/15mm宽
△:200g/15mm宽以上、小于300g/15mm宽
×:小于200g/15mm宽。
由本测定方法得到的层压强度若在200g/15mm宽以上,则认为在实用上没有问题。
(3)聚酯树脂的酸值
将1g聚酯树脂溶解于50ml的水/二恶烷=10/1(体积比)的溶液中,以甲酚红为指示剂,用KOH进行滴定,求出中和时消耗的KOH的mg数,换算成1g聚酯树脂当中的值,作为酸值。
(4)聚酯树脂的羟基值
精确称量聚酯树脂3g,向其加入0.6ml乙酸酐及50ml吡啶,室温下搅拌48小时进行反应。然后添加5ml蒸馏水,进而在室温下继续搅拌6小时从而使上述反应中未反应的乙酸酐全部变为乙酸。向该溶液加入50ml二恶烷,以甲酚红·百里酚蓝为指示剂,用KOH进行滴定,从中和时消耗的KOH的量(测定值:W1)和最初加入量的乙酸酐在不与聚酯树脂反应而全部变为乙酸时中和其所需的KOH的量(计算值:W0),以KOH的mg数计求出它们的差(W0-W1),将其除以聚酯树脂的g数的值,作为羟基值。
(5)聚酯树脂的低聚体含量
通过GPC分析(使用岛津制作所公司制的输液单元LC-10ADvp型与紫外-可见光分光光度计,检测波长:254nm,溶剂:四氢呋喃),得到换算成聚苯乙烯的分子量图(数均分子量)。使用了属于GPC分析专用软件的岛津制作所公司制“岛津色谱数据系统[CLASS-VP]”。
通过该分子量图的结果求出低聚体含量。具体而言,将与构成聚酯树脂的主要分子量分布的峰相比位于低分子量侧的分子量峰定义为由低聚体构成的分子量峰,从这些峰面积与图全体面积求出比例。因为用分子量图表示的面积反映换算成聚苯乙烯时的各组分的浓度,因此低聚体含量用质量%表示。
用图1对上述部分进行具体说明。图1为在实施例1中使用的聚酯树脂的GPC分析分子量图。在该图中,聚酯树脂的主峰是保留时间为25.058min,来源于低聚体的峰为33.750min。即,36.902min的峰被鉴定为作为溶剂使用的四氢呋喃的峰。在此,由通过GPC分析求出的分子量图中的包括低聚体的聚酯树脂的全面积(S),以及通过上述专用软件定义的垂直分割法求出的、构成主要分子量分布的聚酯峰面积(S1),用下式求出低聚体含量。
低聚体含量[质量%]=(S-S1)/S×100
(6)涂膜的表面羧酸浓度、表面羟基浓度及表面伯胺浓度
(测定条件)
使用岛津制作所公司制ESCA(X射线光电子分光分析装置)KRATOS AXIS-HSi,用以下条件进行测定。
X射线源:Al Kα
X射线功率:150W
光电子射出角度:相对于样品表面90度
键能:将C1s频谱为285.0eV进行位移校正
(表面羧酸浓度的测定方法)
将形成有涂膜的膜切成适当大小,通过气相化学修饰法进行COOH的化学修饰。在化学修饰中使用三氟乙醇(TFE)。在装有TFE、二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、吡啶的样品瓶中,使样品在不与试剂接触的情况下进行气相反应。反应式如下所述。
R-COOH+CF3CH2OH(TFE)+C6H11NCNC6H11(DCC)
→R-COOCH2CF3+C6H11NHCONHC6H11
上述反应的转化率γ,是通过与膜同时在样品瓶内反应的聚丙烯酸(PAA)标准样品的C1s频谱,由相对于COO结构的CF3结构的比例计算得到。反应式右边的C6H11NHCONHC6H11存在残留于样品表面的情况,其残留率m是通过PAA标准样品的化学修饰后的O1s频谱计算得到。即,通过波形分离区分反应后的R-COOCH2CF3的2个氧原子与C6H11NHCONHC6H11的1个氧原子,用下式计算得到。
m=2[ONH-CO-NH]/([OC=O]+[OC-O])
(分子是来源于C6H11NHCONHC6H11C6H11的氧,分母是来源于R-COOCH2CF3的氧)
表面羧酸浓度是作为相对于全部碳元素的COOH的比例([COOH]/[C]),用下式计算得到。
[COOH]/[C]
=([F1s]/3)/(([C1s]-2[F1s]/3-13m[F1s]/3)γ)
=[F1s]/((3[C1s]-2[F1s]-13m[F1s])γ)
在上式中,[C1s]、[F1s]分别为从C1s、F1s信号得到的C、F的atomic%。
(表面羟基浓度的测定方法)
用三氟乙酸酐(TFAA)进行OH基的化学修饰。在置换了N2的样品瓶中加入样品及TFAA,在不接触的条件下进行气相反应。反应式如下所述。
R-OH+(CF3CO)2O(TFAA)
→R-OCOCF3+CF3COOH
化学修饰的反应率可通过利用与样品同时放入反应容器的聚乙烯醇(PVA)的C1s频谱,用相对于C-O结构的CF3结构的比例计算得到。这里,相对于全部碳元素的OH的比例([OH]/[C])由下式计算得到。
[OH]/[C]=([F1s]/3)/([C1s]-2[F1s]/3)
=[F1s]/(3[C1s]-2[F1s])
在上式中,[C1s]、[F1s]分别为从C1s、F1s信号得到的C、F的atomic%。
表面伯胺浓度的测定方法
用五氟苯甲酰(PFB)进行NH2基的化学修饰。此时,在装有PFB的样品瓶中,在不接触条件下使样品进行气相反应。反应式如下所述。
R-NH2+C6F5CHO(PFB)→R-N=CHC6F5
表面伯胺浓度可作为相对于全部碳元素的NH2的比例([NH2]/[C])如下计算得到。这里,γ为转化率,能够从与样品同时反应的4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(DADPE)的N与F的元素比计算得到(γ=[F1s]/5[N1s])。
[NH2]/[C]
=([F1s]/5)/(([C1s]-7[F1s]/5)γ)
=[F1s]/((5[C1s]-7[F1s])γ)
实施例1
(聚酯树脂(A)的制造)
使用了由58mol%对苯二甲酸、4mol%癸二酸、32mol%萘二羧酸、6mol%偏苯三酸组成的多元羧酸原料,以及由35mol%乙二醇、29mol%1,4-丁二醇、36mol%新戊二醇组成的多元醇原料。以成为(多元醇原料)/(多元羧酸原料)=1.13(摩尔比)的方式加入到反应釜中,作为催化剂添加相对于多元羧酸原料的摩尔数为0.04mol%的四丁基钛酸酯,氮氛围下,用4小时升温至温度240℃。此时,馏去生成的甲醇及水。然后,使体系内缓慢减压,进行2小时缩聚,进而将体系内冷却至200℃。然后,相对于已经使用的多元羧酸原料,投入5mol%偏苯三酸酐及5mol%三羟甲基丙烷,进行2小时加成反应。据此,得到对苯二甲酸/癸二酸/萘二羧酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇/三羟甲基丙烷=55/4/30/11/34/27/35/4(摩尔比)的聚酯树脂(A)。
(聚酯树脂(A)的水性化)
将300g上述聚酯树脂(A)、100g乙二醇单丁酯、90.3g 30%氨水溶液及509.7g蒸馏水,装入具有带夹套的可密闭2L容积玻璃容器的搅拌机(特殊机化工业公司制,T.K.ROBOMIX)的上述玻璃容器内,以搅拌叶(高速分散翼)的旋转速度7000rpm进行搅拌。接着,向夹套流通热水进行加热,将体系内温度保持在73~75℃,搅拌60分钟。然后,在夹套内流入冷水,将搅拌叶的旋转速度降低至5000rpm进行搅拌,同时冷却至室温(约25℃)。然后,用300目的不锈钢制过滤器进行过滤,得到固成分浓度25质量%的聚酯树脂水性分散体。
用GPC测定的该聚酯树脂水性分散体的低聚体含量为1.32质量%。因此,未进行低聚体去除工序。
(水性涂覆剂的配制)
向通过上述方法进行水性化的聚酯树脂水性分散体,相对于聚酯树脂固体成分100质量份添加0.1质量份的乙炔二醇(acetylene glycol)类表面活性剂OLFINE E1004(日信化学工业公司制),用适当的水进行稀释,从而配制出聚酯树脂固体成分5质量%、表面活性剂0.005质量%的组成的水性涂覆剂。
(改性PBT的制造)
将194质量份对苯二甲酸二甲酯、108质量份1,4-丁二醇及80ppm四丁基钛酸酯(相对于生成的PBT单元的总质量的钛金属的质量比例)混合,边加热至210℃边进行2.5小时的酯交换反应。向得到的生成物添加40ppm的四丁基钛酸酯(与前述标准相同),按生成的聚合物中的PBT单元∶PTMG单元=90∶10(质量比)的方式添加分子量为1000的PTMG(三菱化学公司制,PTMG1000)。然后减压,最终在1hPa的减压条件下,升温至245℃聚合2小时,得到相对粘度1.6(用苯酚∶四氯乙烷为1∶1(质量比)的混合溶剂,在浓度5mg/ml、温度20℃下测定)的改性PBT。
(聚酯膜的制造)
将含有0.1质量%平均粒径1.0μm二氧化硅的相对粘度1.38(以苯酚∶四氯乙烷=1∶1(质量比)的混合物为溶剂,在温度20℃、浓度0.5g/100ml的条件下测定)的PET与所述改性PBT,按PET/改性PBT=80/20(质量比)的比例混合成原料,备用。使用该原料,从具有T模头的挤出机(75mm直径、L/D=45的缓压缩型单螺杆)中,在280℃、挤出量500g/分钟的条件下以片状挤出。然后,将其密合到表面温度调节至18℃的铸造辊上进行速冷,得到厚度为120μm的未拉伸膜。
然后,在该未拉伸膜的一侧面上涂布配制好的水性涂覆剂,预干燥后用辊式纵向拉伸机在90℃下拉伸3.3倍,用拉幅式横向拉伸机在120℃下拉伸3.3倍。然后,将横方向的松弛率设为3%,235℃下实施热处理,缓慢冷却到室温。据此得到基材膜的厚度为12μm,涂膜(相当于易粘接性底漆层)的厚度为0.04μm的聚酯膜。测定了该膜的涂膜的表面羧酸浓度、表面羟基浓度及表面伯胺浓度。
实施例2
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/癸二酸/2,6-萘二羧酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇/三羟甲基丙烷=53/4/30/12/35/25/34/6(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。
使用GPC测定的该聚酯树脂水性分散体的低聚体含量为0.85质量%。因此,未进行低聚体去除工序。进而用与实施例1相同的方法得到水性涂覆剂,使用该涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例3
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/2,6-萘二羧酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇/三羟甲基丙烷=28/49/23/35/36/21/8(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。
使用GPC测定的该聚酯树脂水性分散体的低聚体含量为1.22质量%。因此,未进行低聚体去除工序。进而用与实施例1相同的方法得到水性涂覆剂,使用该涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例4
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/2,6-萘二羧酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇/三羟甲基丙烷=17/64/19/51/12/19/18(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。
使用GPC测定的该聚酯树脂水性分散体的低聚体含量为0.56质量%。因此,未进行低聚体去除工序。进而用与实施例1相同的方法得到水性涂覆剂,使用该涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例5
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸/癸二酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇=61/17/7/15/24/32/44(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。
使用GPC测定的该聚酯树脂水性分散体的低聚体含量为3.58质量%。在此,持续静置直至聚酯树脂水性分散体中的低聚体含量降至2质量%以下。静置时间为432小时时低聚体含量变成了0.40质量%。在此,使用该水性分散体制成水性涂覆剂,使用该涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例6
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/2,6-萘二羧酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇=18/71/11/63/13/24(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。进而用与实施例5相同的方法去除低聚体,得到含有规定低聚体含量的聚酯的水性涂覆剂。使用该水性涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例7
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/2,6-萘二羧酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇=28/49/23/38/38/24(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。进而用与实施例5相同的方法去除低聚体,得到含有所定量的低聚体含量的聚酯的水性涂覆剂。使用该水性涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例8
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸/癸二酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇=59/16/7/18/32/28/40(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。进而用与实施例5相同的方法去除低聚体,得到含有所定低聚体含量的聚酯的水性涂覆剂。使用该水性涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例9
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/癸二酸/2,6-萘二羧酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇=56/4/30/10/36/27/37的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。进而用与实施例5相同的方法去除低聚体,得到含有所定量的低聚体含量的聚酯的水性涂覆剂。使用该水性涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例10
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/2,6-萘二羧酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇/三羟甲基丙烷=17/64/19/41/12/19/28(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。
使用GPC测定的该聚酯树脂水性分散体的低聚体含量为1.89质量%。因此,未进行低聚体去除工序。进而用与实施例1相同的方法得到水性涂覆剂,然后将羟甲基化三聚氰胺类交联剂的ADEKA RESIN EM-0103(艾迪科公司制:固体成分浓度70质量%),相对于聚酯树脂100质量份,添加作为实质上不能得到交联效果的量的1质量份。然后,使用高速搅拌机搅拌2小时。使用搅拌后的水性涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例11
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸/癸二酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇/新戊二醇=61/17/7/15/56/32/13(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。
使用GPC测定的该聚酯树脂水性分散体的低聚体含量为3.58质量%。因此,持续静置直至聚酯树脂水性分散体中的低聚体含量降至2质量%以下。静置时间为199小时时低聚体含量变成了1.96质量%。在此使用该水性分散体制成水性涂覆剂,然后将异氰酸酯类交联剂的AQ-100(日本聚氨酯公司制:固体成分浓度100质量%),相对于聚酯树脂100质量份,添加作为实质上不能得到交联效果的量的1质量份。然后,使用高速搅拌机搅拌2小时。使用搅拌后的水性涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例12
在未拉伸膜的两面涂布配制好的水性涂覆剂。除此之外用与实施例1相同的方法,得到两面具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例13
在制造改性PBT时,作为PTMG使用分子量650的PTMG650(三菱化学公司制),PBT单元∶PTMG单元=95∶5(质量比)。此外,在制造聚酯膜时,PET/改性PBT=70/30(质量比)。进而,在辊式纵向拉伸机上拉伸3.5倍,在拉幅式横向拉伸机上拉伸3.0倍,松弛率为1%。除此之外用与实施例1相同的方法,得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
实施例14
在制造改性PBT时,作为PTMG使用分子量3000的PTMG3000(三菱化学公司制),PBT单元∶PTMG单元=70∶30(质量比)。此外,在制造聚酯膜时,PET/改性PBT=90/10(质量比)。进而,在辊式纵向拉伸机上拉伸3.5倍,在拉幅式横向拉伸机上拉伸3.2倍,松弛率为5%。除此之外用与实施例1相同的方法,得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
比较例1~5
对与实施例5~9中使用的相同的聚酯树脂水性分散体,未进行低聚体去除工序。将如此得到的水性涂膜用与实施例1相同的方法涂布到聚酯膜上,制成具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
比较例6
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸/脱落酸/偏苯三酸/乙二醇/新戊二醇=55/30/13/2/50/50(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。进而用与实施例5相同的方法去除低聚体,得到含有所定低聚体含量的聚酯的水性涂覆剂。使用该水性涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
比较例7
对与比较例6中使用的相同的聚酯树脂水性分散体,未进行低聚体去除工序。将如此得到的水性涂覆剂用与实施例1相同的方法涂布到聚酯膜上,制成具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
比较例8
对在实施例5中使用的水性涂覆剂中,将羟甲基化三聚氰胺类交联剂的ADEKA RESIN EM-0103(艾迪科公司制:固体成分浓度70质量%),相对于聚酯树脂100质量份,作为交联剂添加15质量份。然后,使用高速搅拌机搅拌2小时。将据此得到的液体作为水性涂覆剂。除此之外用与实施例1相同的方法制成具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
比较例9
将水性涂覆剂中添加的交联剂改为异氰酸酯类交联剂AQ-100(日本聚氨酯公司制:固体成分浓度100质量%)。除此之外用与实施例8相同的方法制成具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
比较例10
与实施例1相比,将聚酯树脂(A)的组成成为对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸/偏苯三酸/5-磺化间苯二甲酸/乙二醇/二乙二醇=61/31/3/5/23/77(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。进而用与实施例5相同的方法去除低聚体,得到含有所定低聚体含量的聚酯的水性涂覆剂。使用该水性涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
比较例11
与实施例1相比,以组成成为对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸/偏苯三酸/5-磺化间苯二甲酸/乙二醇/二乙二醇=61/33/1/5/52/48(摩尔比)的方式改变原料配合条件,合成该聚酯树脂(A),进行水性化。进而用与实施例5相同的方法去除低聚体,得到含有所定低聚体含量的聚酯的水性涂覆剂。使用该水性涂覆剂,用与实施例1相同的方法得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
比较例12
在制造聚酯膜时,使PET/改性PBT=100/0、纵向拉伸倍率为3.4倍、横向拉伸倍率为3.2倍、松弛率为2%,除此之外用与实施例1相同的方法,得到具有相当于易粘接性底漆层的涂膜的聚酯膜。
参考例
与实施例1相比,不在基材聚酯膜上涂布水性涂覆剂而进行双向拉伸,得到厚度12μm的双向拉伸聚酯膜。对于该膜不进行蒸煮处理而对撕裂直行性及撕裂阻力进行评价的结果,撕裂直行性为◎、撕裂阻力也为◎。对于该膜进行120℃×30分钟或135℃×30分钟的蒸煮处理后再次进行评价的结果,在任意处理条件下,撕裂直行性均为◎、撕裂阻力也均为◎。也就是说,在基材聚酯单体中,没有发现因蒸煮处理而引起的开封性的影响。
实施例1~14的评价结果如表1所示,比较例1~12的评价结果如表2所示。
表1
表2
其中,易粘接性膜是以基材膜为主体的膜,该基材膜是以PET为主体的树脂膜,因此在表1的层叠膜的结构栏中,对易粘接性聚酯膜仅以“PET”表示。
从表1可以看出,在各实施例中,使用酸值、羟基值满足本发明规定的范围,低聚体含量在2.0质量%以下,且实质上不含交联剂成分的聚酯树脂(A),在基材膜的表面上形成作为易粘接性膜的涂膜,不是是在进行120℃×30分钟、135℃×30分钟的任一个蒸煮处理后,还是在常态、湿润两种条件下,均具有实用上充分的层压强度及开封性。
并且,各实施例的膜通过在由原本具有易撕裂性的双向拉伸聚酯膜形成的基材膜上设置使用了聚酯树脂(A)的易粘接性底漆层,从而不论是在严格的蒸煮处理后,还是在常态或湿润条件下,均具有高水平的粘接性。因此,在开封包装袋时不会引起分层,其结果能够充分发挥基材聚酯膜的撕裂直行性,可顺畅地直行开封。
此外,在易粘接底漆层上无需使用交联剂,因此没有因副产物而污染制造包装材料时的环境的情况,能够保持作业环境的舒适。
与此相对,各比较例中存在如下问题。
比较例1~4不含交联剂成分,聚酯树脂的酸值及羟基值满足本发明规定的范围。但是,聚酯树脂中含有的低聚体含量超过了本发明规定的范围。比较例5不含交联剂成分,聚酯树脂的酸值满足本发明规定的范围。但是,聚酯树脂的羟基值没有满足本发明规定的范围,聚酯树脂中含有的低聚体含量超过了本发明规定的范围。因此,比较例1~5在120℃×30分钟这样的蒸煮条件下能保持层压强度及撕裂直行性,但在更严格的135℃×30分钟蒸煮条件下,常态、湿润的两种条件下层和强度均发生了降低,且撕裂直行性也已变差。
比较例6的聚酯树脂中含有的低聚体含量满足本发明规定的范围,但是聚酯树脂的酸值与羟基值的总值少于本发明规定的范围。因此,在120℃×30分钟的蒸煮条件下,已出现开封性与层压强度的大幅降低,在135℃×30分钟的条件下层压强度进一步降低。
比较例7的水性聚酯树脂的酸值与羟基值的总值以及水性聚酯树脂中的低聚体含量超过了本发明规定的范围。比较例8、9是在水性涂覆剂中添加了三聚氰胺交联剂或异氰酸酯交联剂。比较例10、11的水性聚酯树脂中的低聚体含量满足本发明规定的范围,但水性聚酯树脂中的酸值不满足本发明规定的范围。其结果,比较例7~11中,在蒸煮处理前均为良好的开封性及层压强度,在120℃×30分钟的处理后出现性能下降,而在135℃×30分钟的处理后,在开封性、层压强度的任一评价中均未能维持实用的性能。
比较例12是仅使用了不具有撕裂直行性的通常的PET膜,其由易粘接涂层带来的层压强度在蒸煮处理后虽然没有出现性能降低,但未呈撕裂直行性。
Claims (13)
1.一种易粘接性聚酯膜,在基材聚酯膜的至少一面设有易粘接性底漆层,其特征在于,
基材聚酯膜是由含有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的混合聚酯树脂形成的、具有撕裂直行性的拉伸膜,
易粘接性底漆层含有酸值为20~60mgKOH/g、羟基值为30~150mgKOH/g、低聚体含量为2.0质量%以下的聚酯树脂A,且实质上不含交联剂成分。
2.如权利要求1所述的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,聚酯树脂A的酸值与羟基值的总值为50~200mgKOH/g。
3.如权利要求1所述的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,聚酯树脂A的相对于酸值的羟基值的比例,即羟基值/酸值为2.0~5.0。
4.如权利要求1所述的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,易粘接性底漆层的表面羧酸浓度及表面羟基浓度均在0.005以上,且表面伯胺浓度在0.0001以下。
5.如权利要求1所述的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,实质上不含作为交联剂成分的三聚氰胺化合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,基材膜的改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯含有聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯及聚丁二醇。
7.一种易粘接性聚酯膜的制造方法,用于制造权利要求1至6中任一项所述的易粘接性聚酯膜,其特征在于,在取向结晶前的基材聚酯膜的至少一面上涂布以聚酯树脂A为主要成分的水性涂覆剂形成涂膜,然后将基材聚酯膜与所述涂膜一起至少向一个方向拉伸并热处理,从而进行取向结晶。
8.如权利要求7所述的易粘接性聚酯膜的制造方法,其特征在于,实施低聚体去除处理。
9.一种层叠膜,其特征在于,包括权利要求1至6中任一项所述的易粘接性聚酯膜。
10.如权利要求9所述的层叠膜,其特征在于,易粘接性聚酯膜介由聚氨酯类粘接剂而与其它层粘接。
11.如权利要求9所述的层叠膜,其特征在于,135℃×30分钟的蒸煮处理后的层压强度,在常态、湿润的任一条件下,均为200g/15mm宽以上。
12.一种包装袋,其特征在于,将权利要求9至11中任一项所述的层叠膜制成袋。
13.如权利要求12所述的包装袋,其特征在于,使层叠膜的撕裂直行方向与袋的开封方向一致地制成袋。
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TWI552855B (zh) * | 2011-09-06 | 2016-10-11 | 由尼帝佳股份有限公司 | 二軸延伸聚酯膜及其製造方法 |
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CN104254441A (zh) * | 2012-02-03 | 2014-12-31 | 3M创新有限公司 | 用于光学膜的底漆组合物 |
CN104254441B (zh) * | 2012-02-03 | 2016-08-24 | 3M创新有限公司 | 用于光学膜的底漆组合物 |
TWI576237B (zh) * | 2013-02-01 | 2017-04-01 | 3M新設資產公司 | 用於光學膜之底漆組合物 |
CN107073889A (zh) * | 2014-10-03 | 2017-08-18 | 三井化学东赛璐株式会社 | 层叠膜、输液袋用外包装袋及输液袋包装体 |
CN107073889B (zh) * | 2014-10-03 | 2019-06-28 | 三井化学东赛璐株式会社 | 层叠膜、输液袋用外包装袋及输液袋包装体 |
CN109843581A (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-06-04 | 日本瑞翁株式会社 | 光学膜、制造方法、以及多层膜 |
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CN114292419A (zh) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-08 | 东莞市基烁实业有限公司 | 一种pbt抗粘连母粒及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114292419B (zh) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-01-02 | 广东基烁新材料股份有限公司 | 一种pbt抗粘连母粒及其制备方法和应用 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2292429A4 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
EP2292429A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
WO2009157199A1 (ja) | 2009-12-30 |
KR101613137B1 (ko) | 2016-04-18 |
CN102036819B (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
JP5473911B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
KR20110021796A (ko) | 2011-03-04 |
EP2292429B1 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
US20110081512A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
JPWO2009157199A1 (ja) | 2011-12-08 |
US9109094B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
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