CN101928182A - Bio-organic fertilizer special for improving saline-alkali lands and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bio-organic fertilizer special for improving saline-alkali lands and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bio-organic fertilizer special for improving saline-alkali lands and a preparation method thereof. The bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 5-20% of bean pulp, 64-70% of vinegar dregs, 10-25% of humic acid, 5-7% of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.1-0.3% of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.2% of borax and 0.05-0.1% of compound microbial strains. The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the steps of compound microorganism selecting, activating, primary expanding, secondary expanding and expanding by tabling, material mixing, fermenting, turning, finished product preparing, low-temperature drying, detecting and measuring and packaging. The organic matters and the humus in the bio-organic fertilizer can adsorb the free ions fixed in the soil of the saline-alkali lands, reduce the solution concentration of the soil and neutralize the alkali in the soil of the saline-alkali lands, thus alleviating or eliminating the saline-alkali harms, and simultaneously release the potassium ions and increase the contents of the organic phosphorus and the inorganic phosphorus, thus improving the effectiveness of the fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of microbial fertilizer, be specifically related to a kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The saltings is a kind of salt aggregation, is meant that the contained salinity in soil the inside has influence on the normal growth of crop.Salting of soil is a global difficult problem, nearly approximately 1,000,000,000 hectares of whole world saline soil area, and China has 9,913 ten thousand hectares, is roughly equal to 14.7 hundred million mu; Nearly more than 100 cities, the whole nation are seated the range of distribution, saltings, and agricultural plough nearly 500,000,000 mu of the underproduction, the abandoned land that cause because of salinification mainly concentrate on these arid and semi-arid lands of North China, northwest and northeast.In the cultivation process in addition, excessively use chemical fertilizer for a long time, cause the soil secondary salinization aggravation, it is serious to harden; Salinization, alkali-affected soil are constantly enlarged.In addition, China also has more than 18000 kilometer long mainland coastline, and seashores such as the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and East Sea littoral plain are distributed with large-area beach salty soil based on muriate, these geographic common features are that the soil property saltiness is all high, mostly are the barren lands that plant is difficult for growth.Saline and alkaline harm cause a large amount of in, low-yield land and peasant's poverty, make big area soil resource be difficult to utilize.1/3 of the not enough world average level of China per capita cultivated land is being faced with population increase, and no matter the immense pressure of ploughing and falling sharply is to improve existing yield per unit of ploughing, and still in a planned way reclaims wasteland and all must relate to saline soil.In decades, the people has thrown in country great amount of manpower, financial resources and material resources transformation salinity ground, but still be difficult to suppress the salinification problem in soil.Saline soil does not obtain utilizing about China has 80% as a kind of resource as yet, and the exploitation in big area salt marsh wasteland and the control of the irrigated area soil salinization will be the important channels that solves 21 century China's 1,600,000,000 population food problems.Especially in China's arid, half in the geographic problem of utilizing of drought, to the agriculture production development, the territory is administered, ecological environmental protections etc. are extremely important.
The saltings mainly contains the following aspects to the harm of plant: the one, cause the physiological drought of plant, too much solubility salt, can improve the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, cause the physiological drought of plant, can not from soil, absorb suff water when making root system and seed germination, even also cause moisture to exosmose from root cells, and here plant is withered, in addition dead.The 2nd, the harm plant tissue, arid season, topsoil salinity excess accumulation is easily hindered hypocotyl, under high pH value, also can cause OH
-To the direct murder by poisoning of plant, salinity excess accumulation in the plant tissue can make protoplasma be injured, and protein synthesis is obstructed, and nitrogenous mesostate accumulation causes cytotoxic.The 3rd, influence the normal dietetic alimentation of plant, because exchangeability Na
+Competition, plant is reduced the absorption of potassium, phosphorus and other nutritive elements, the transfer of phosphorus also can be suppressed, thereby influences the nutritional status of plant.The 4th, influence the stomatal movement of plant, under the effect of high depth salt, the starch in the Stomacal guard cell forms into obstruction, and cell can not be closed, and plant arid easily withers.
The saltings can be divided into light saltings, moderate saltings and heavy saline.Light saltings is meant emerging of it, percent seventy or eighty, its saltiness is below 3/1000ths; Heavy saline is meant that its saltiness surpasses 6/1000ths, and seedling rate is lower than 50%; Middle this piece is exactly the moderate saltings.At present along with science and technology development, should only not see disadvantageous one side, more should regard it as very precious land resources, because there are many biologies to comprise plant, microorganism, can adapt to this environment, and increasing scientific worker just puts among the work of administering the saltings with the enthusiasm of having one's bosom filled with, and the work of administering the saltings is bound to obtain final triumph.
Along with the shortage day by day of population growth and water and soil resources, many countries all in, improvement, exploitation and the sustainable development of low-yield land include state economic plan in.From later stage nineteen sixties to early seventies, Pakistan implements " control salinification and soil improvement agent plan---SCAP plan " in the basin, Indus; India has also begun job family; The saline soil area of Egyptian delta, the Nile has also carried out large-area improvement and Development Engineering construction; Brazil and Argentina are along Amazon River, and subregion is administered by type; States such as the Hungary in Europe, Holland also study and improve low productive soil; The U.S. is provided with functional body-federal land reclamation office and a lot of research unit, to each main basin in western part, carries out water and soil resources and rationally utilizes and regulation and control, and the research that improves fertility is also being proceeded so far.In addition, the U.S. has international most advanced level in the engineering machinery of improvement of salt and alkaline land and laser land leveling technology etc.; Strong technical strength aspect improvement of salt and alkaline land for USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), and in irrigation and drainage engineering system, leaching requirement, alkali soil improvement, electromagnetism improving technology aspect, and the basic theory aspect of saline soil have carried out studying fruitfully.
New China attaches great importance to alkaline land improving work.Nineteen fifties, beginning is carried out marine solonchak kind rice improved test and drawn agricultural measures such as Huang is irrigated, the kind rice changes alkali in Tianjin be main improvement work to the sixties; China's improvement of salt and alkaline land entered engineering measure and combined with agricultural measures nineteen seventies; The comprehensive regulation combines the stage with comprehensive development.At first, set up 12 test sites in the Yellow River and Huai He River sea plain, thereafter, tender pine again---ground such as the Three River Plain have been set up middle-and-low-yielding fields in succession and have been administered and the comprehensive development test site.Carry out " six or five "～" 95 " tackling key problem research, obtained great achievement.China's saltings process for comprehensively treating is taken its place in the front ranks of the world at present.
The research of soil improvement agent also begins in the 60 to 70's of twentieth century with application.Having done many work aspect physics, the chemical improvement agent,, all obtained certain effect as gypsum, calcium chloride, industrial waste acid, trade waste phosphogypsum, flyash or the like.Nineteen seventies, use electromagnetic technique, carried out the test of improving the soil at national saline soil area.Nineteen nineties, biological chemistry soil improvement technology has had certain development.
The saline and alkaline technology of present international and domestic improvement is concluded: 1. physically improved: level land, deep plough sun the earth which has been ploughed up, in time loosen the soil, raise landform, microcell is improved the soil.2. hydro project improvement: irrigation and drainage are supporting, storage fresh water on saline, washing salinity by irrigation, underground salt discharge.3. chemical modifying: gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium superphosphate, detritus acid, peat, acid-sludge etc.4. biological modification: rice cultivation, plantation salt-tolerant plant sesbania etc.But these improving technology effects are not too desirable.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special and preparation method thereof is provided, organic matter in this biological organic fertilizer and soil ulmin can adsorb the ion that is unbound state in the fixing alkaline land soil, reduce soil solution concentration, in and alkaline land soil in alkali, alleviate or eliminated saline and alkaline harm, discharge potassium ion simultaneously, and increased the content of organophosphorus and inorganic phosphorus, improved the validity of fertilizer, with short production cycle, stable and reliable product quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special, described biological organic fertilizer is made by following materials of weight proportions: dregs of beans 5%～20%, vinegar poor 64%～70%, humic acids 10%～25%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5%～7%, zinc sulfate 0.1%～0.3%, borax 0.1%～0.2%, complex microorganism bacterial classification 0.05%～0.1%.
Described complex microorganism bacterial classification is made up of the different microorganism of 5 strains, belongs to bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium de Bary), is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10010; Subtilis withered grass subspecies (Bacillus subtilissubsp.subtilis (Ehren berg) Cohn) are stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC11089; Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluoresceus (Trevisan) Migula) is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10646; Gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillus mucilaginosus Krasil ' nikov) is preserved in Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, and it is numbered CGMCC1.910; Trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai) is preserved in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC30371; Proportioning order and ratio between above-mentioned five kinds of microorganisms are: bacillus megaterium: subtilis: Pseudomonas fluorescens: trichoderma harziarum: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering=1～3: 1～2: 1～3: 1: 1～4, absorption carrier is 80 order diatomite, the absorption ratio is 20%, and inoculum size is 1%.
It is the microbe carrier substratum that described biological organic fertilizer adopts the sterilization rice bran, the effective total viable count of described sterilization rice bran 〉=200,000,000/g, organic 〉=30%.
Effective total viable count 〉=0.2 hundred million of described biological organic fertilizer/g, organic 〉=30%, moisture≤20%, the pH value is 6.5～7.0.
Above-mentioned a kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special and preparation method thereof, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium de Bary) is chosen in the selection of complex microorganism bacterial classification respectively, is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10010; Subtilis withered grass subspecies (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn) are stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC11089; Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluoresceus (Trevisan) Migula) is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10646; Gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus Krasil ' nikov) is preserved in Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, and it is numbered CGMCC1.910; Trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai) is preserved in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC30371; Proportioning order and ratio between above-mentioned five kinds of microorganisms are: bacillus megaterium: subtilis: Pseudomonas fluorescens: trichoderma harziarum: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering=1～3: 1～2: 1～3: 1: 1～4, absorption carrier is 80 order diatomite, the absorption ratio is 20%, and inoculum size is 1%;
(2) activation activates the microbial strains that freeze-drying is preserved under aseptic condition, make it to have good growth and breeding ability;
(3) one-level, secondary, shaking table enlarge, and used substratum is: bacillus megaterium, subtilis withered grass subspecies and Pseudomonas fluorescens are all selected the nutrition bouillon media for use, peptone 10.0g, beef leaching thing 3.0g, NaCl 5.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH value 7.0; 28～30 ℃ of the culture temperature of bacillus megaterium and subtilis withered grass subspecies, incubation time 48～72 hours, 20～25 ℃ of the culture temperature of Pseudomonas fluorescens, incubation time 48～72 hours; The gel-shaped bacillus is selected the silicate bacteria substratum for use, sucrose 5.0g, Na2HPO4 2.0g, MgSO47H2O 0.5g, FeCl 30.005g, CaCO30.1g, soil mineral 1.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH7.0～7.2,30 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 48～72 hours; Trichoderma harziarum is selected potato glucose substratum (PD) for use, potato leaching liquid 1000ml glucose 20.0g, and the pH nature, culture temperature is 26 ℃, incubation time 48～72 hours;
(4) batching is pressed dregs of beans 5%～20%, vinegar poor 64%～70%, humic acids 10%～25%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5%～7%, zinc sulfate 0.1%～0.3%, borax 0.1%～0.2%, complex microorganism bacterial classification 0.05%～0.1% mix, and add water and stir;
(5) ground nature heap fermentation is adopted in fermentation, the wide 1.5～2.5m of fermentation heap, and high 0.6～1.2m, the dome-shaped stockpile that length is not limit, the loam cake straw screen or mat is in order to insulation and shading;
(6) turning for supplemental oxygen, realizes aerobic fermentation, prevents that simultaneously leavening temperature is too high, carries out turning, can adopt artificial turning or mechanical turning;
(7) finished product is decomposed through 4～9 days fermentation materials, and the biological organic fertilizer finished product that ferments is a brown, and ferment fragrance is arranged, tool gloss, and the powdery of no stink adopts granulating equipment, produces spherical shape, diameter 3～5mm; Or cylindric, diameter 3～5mm, length 5～8mm;
(8) cryodrying, in order to guarantee the vigor of microorganism, when dry, temperature of charge is not higher than 50 ℃, is no more than 15 minutes time of drying;
(9) detect, living bacteria count adopts colony counting method to measure, organic matter, water content, pH value, colititre, induced worm egg death rate, chromium and oxide compound thereof, cadmium and oxide compound thereof, mercury and oxide compound thereof, arsenic and oxide compound thereof, lead and oxide compound thereof adopt the method for determining among the NY884-2004 to measure, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium adopt the method for determining among the NY525-2002 to measure;
(10) metering packing adopts the metering of electronics or platform scale, error 40 ± 0.04kg, and 50 ± 0.05kg adopts Polywoven Bag or compression moulding paper bag packing.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect: (1) is poor with dregs of beans, vinegar, humic acids and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate etc. utilize the complex microorganism bacterial classification to carry out thermophilic fermentation and handle, the prozyme of elements such as a large amount of organic acids that produce and branch phosphorus decomposing, potassium can also form a large amount of organic matters and soil ulmin.After being applied to the saltings, organic matter wherein and soil ulmin can adsorb the ion that is unbound state in the fixing alkaline land soil, reduce soil solution concentration, in and alkaline land soil in alkali, alleviate or eliminated saline and alkaline harm, discharge potassium ion simultaneously, and increased the content of organophosphorus and inorganic phosphorus, improved the validity of fertilizer; The functional microorganism bacterial classification combination of (2) develop that fermented bean dregs, vinegar are poor, humic acids and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate etc. being produced biological organic fertilizer, this series bacterial classification is made up of the different bacterial strain of 5 strains, effect with phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing and decomposing organic matter matter, effect is remarkable, mutual no tangible antagonistic action, microbial metabolites is many, and fermentation is abundant, and fertilizer efficiency is remarkable; (3) under organic acid acts synergistically in microbial metabolites with middle trace element contained in humic acids and the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, produce biological organic fertilizer by good gas thermophilic fermentation, effectively quicken biological enzymolysis and material and transform process, enhance productivity and the product yield; (4) this product not only can be used for alkaline land improving, also can be used for normal soil, produces with fertile as farm crop.
Provincial authorities in Shanxi proposes to utilize ten years, invests 2,600,000,000 yuan, implements " Datong Basin alkaline land improving engineering ", and lists Shanxi Province " 12 " planning in.Our active response, and carried out special tackling key problem.Utilize biological organic fertilizer that improved test has been carried out in the saltings on ground such as Huairen County, Shanyin County, trial crops is Great Wall 706 corns, test shows, the biological organic fertilizer that uses this invention technology to produce, every mu of consumption 1000kg, salinization and alkalization obviously alleviates, and the corn growing way is better than the chemically treated corn of lattice of equal value.Corn plant height 2.7m, be higher than the chemically treated corn 0.4m of lattice of equal value, blade length 94cm, greater than the chemically treated corn of lattice of equal value (83cm), the thick 3.1cm of stem, greater than the chemically treated corn of lattice of equal value (2.3cm), 16 of aerial root quantity, more than 4 of the chemically treated corns of lattice of equal value (12), and 7 days in advance vegetative period.Corn per mu yield 750kg is higher than the chemically treated corn of lattice of equal value (450kg) volume increase 66.7%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special, described biological organic fertilizer is made by following materials of weight proportions: dregs of beans 10%, vinegar is pickled with grains or in wine 70%, humic acids 14%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5.4, zinc sulfate 0.3%, borax 0.2%, complex microorganism bacterial classification 0.1%.
Above-mentioned a kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special and preparation method thereof, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium de Bary) is chosen in the selection of complex microorganism bacterial classification respectively, is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10010; Subtilis withered grass subspecies (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn) are stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC11089; Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluoresceus (Trevisan) Migula) is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10646; Gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus Krasil ' nikov) is preserved in Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, and it is numbered CGMCC1.910; Trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai) is preserved in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC30371; Proportioning order and ratio between above-mentioned five kinds of microorganisms are: bacillus megaterium: subtilis: Pseudomonas fluorescens: trichoderma harziarum: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering=1～3: 1～2: 1～3: 1: 1～4, absorption carrier is 80 order diatomite, the absorption ratio is 20%, and inoculum size is 1%;
(2) activation activates the microbial strains that freeze-drying is preserved under aseptic condition, make it to have good growth and breeding ability;
(3) one-level, secondary, shaking table enlarge, and used substratum is: bacillus megaterium, subtilis withered grass subspecies and Pseudomonas fluorescens are all selected the nutrition bouillon media for use, peptone 10.0g, beef leaching thing 3.0g, NaCl 5.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH value 7.0; 30 ℃ of the culture temperature of bacillus megaterium and subtilis withered grass subspecies, incubation time 48 hours, 25 ℃ of the culture temperature of Pseudomonas fluorescens, incubation time 48 hours; The gel-shaped bacillus is selected the silicate bacteria substratum for use, sucrose 5.0g, Na2HPO42.0g, MgSO47H2O 0.5g, FeCl 30.005g, CaCO3 0.1g, soil mineral 1.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH7.2,30 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 72 hours; Trichoderma harziarum is selected potato glucose substratum (PD) for use, potato leaching liquid 1000ml glucose 20.0g, and the pH nature, culture temperature is 26 ℃, incubation time 72 hours;
(4) batching is pressed dregs of beans 100kg, the vinegar 700kg that is pickled with grains or in wine, humic acids 140kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 54kg, zinc sulfate 3kg, borax 2kg, microbial strains 1kg mix, and add water and stir, to material moisture be 55%;
(5) ground nature heap fermentation is adopted in fermentation, the wide 2m of fermentation heap, and high 1m, the dome-shaped stockpile that length is not limit, loam cake straw screen or mat are in order to insulation and shading, and fermenting process adopts the forced ventilation facility, adopts computer control temperature, humidity, CO
2/ O
2Ratio is promptly and accurately ventilated, and guarantees good aerobic fermentation, stack 24 hours usually after, temperature of charge can reach 45 ℃;
(6) turning for supplemental oxygen, realizes aerobic fermentation, prevents that simultaneously leavening temperature is too high, carries out turning, adopts mechanical turning, and the ventilation oxygenating was stacked 48 hours, and temperature can reach 70 ℃, a large amount of white hypha bodies of material surface attachment;
(7) finished product is decomposed through 5 days fermentation materials, and the biological organic fertilizer finished product that ferments is a brown, and ferment fragrance is arranged, tool gloss, and the powdery of no stink adopts granulating equipment, produces spherical shape, diameter 5mm;
(8) cryodrying, in order to guarantee the vigor of microorganism, when dry, temperature of charge is not higher than 50 ℃, is no more than 15 minutes time of drying;
(9) detect, living bacteria count adopts colony counting method to measure, organic matter, water content, pH value, colititre, induced worm egg death rate, chromium and oxide compound thereof, cadmium and oxide compound thereof, mercury and oxide compound thereof, arsenic and oxide compound thereof, lead and oxide compound thereof adopt the method for determining among the NY884-2004 to measure, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium adopt the method for determining among the NY525-2002 to measure;
(10) metering packing adopts the electronic platform scale metering, and error 50 ± 0.05kg packs with Polywoven Bag.
Embodiment 2
A kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special, described biological organic fertilizer is made by following materials of weight proportions: dregs of beans 8%, vinegar is pickled with grains or in wine 65%, humic acids 20%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 6.5%, zinc sulfate 0.2%, borax 0.2%, complex microorganism bacterial classification 0.1%.
Above-mentioned a kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special and preparation method thereof, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium de Bary) is chosen in the selection of complex microorganism bacterial classification respectively, is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10010; Subtilis withered grass subspecies (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn) are stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC11089; Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluoresceus (Trevisan) Migula) is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10646; Gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus Krasil ' nikov) is preserved in Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, and it is numbered CGMCC1.910; Trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai) is preserved in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC30371; Proportioning order and ratio between above-mentioned five kinds of microorganisms are: bacillus megaterium: subtilis: Pseudomonas fluorescens: trichoderma harziarum: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering=1～3: 1～2: 1～3: 1: 1～4, absorption carrier is 80 order diatomite, the absorption ratio is 20%, and inoculum size is 1%;
(2) activation activates the microbial strains that freeze-drying is preserved under aseptic condition, make it to have good growth and breeding ability;
(3) one-level, secondary, shaking table enlarge, and used substratum is: bacillus megaterium, subtilis withered grass subspecies and Pseudomonas fluorescens are all selected the nutrition bouillon media for use, peptone 10.0g, beef leaching thing 3.0g, NaCl 5.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH value 7.0; 28 ℃ of the culture temperature of bacillus megaterium and subtilis withered grass subspecies, incubation time 72 hours, 20 ℃ of the culture temperature of Pseudomonas fluorescens, incubation time 72 hours; The gel-shaped bacillus is selected the silicate bacteria substratum for use, sucrose 5.0g, Na2HPO42.0g, MgSO47H2O 0.5g, FeCl 30.005g, CaCO3 0.1g, soil mineral 1.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH7.0,30 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 48 hours; Trichoderma harziarum is selected potato glucose substratum (PD) for use, potato leaching liquid 1000ml glucose 20.0g, and the pH nature, culture temperature is 26 ℃, incubation time 48 hours;
(4) batching is pressed dregs of beans 80kg, the vinegar 650kg that is pickled with grains or in wine, and humic acids 200kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 65kg, zinc sulfate 2kg, borax 2kg, complex microorganism bacterial classification 1kg, mix, and add water and stir, to material moisture 50%;
(5) ground nature heap fermentation is adopted in fermentation, the wide 2.5m of fermentation heap, and high 1.2m, the dome-shaped stockpile that length is not limit, loam cake straw screen or mat are in order to insulation and shading, and fermenting process adopts the forced ventilation facility, adopts computer control temperature, humidity, CO
2/ O
2Ratio is promptly and accurately ventilated, and guarantees good aerobic fermentation, stacks after 24 hours, and temperature of charge can reach 38 ℃;
(6) turning for supplemental oxygen, realizes aerobic fermentation, prevents that simultaneously leavening temperature is too high, adopts artificial turning, and the ventilation oxygenating was stacked 48 hours, and temperature can reach 67 ℃, a large amount of white hypha bodies of material surface attachment;
(7) finished product is decomposed through 7 days fermentation materials, and the biological organic fertilizer finished product that ferments is a brown, and ferment fragrance is arranged, tool gloss, no stink, the powdery of no tart flavour adopts granulating equipment, produce cylindric, diameter 5mm, length 6mm;
(8) cryodrying, in order to guarantee the vigor of microorganism, when dry, temperature of charge is not higher than 50 ℃, is no more than 15 minutes time of drying;
(9) detect, living bacteria count adopts colony counting method to measure, organic matter, water content, pH value, colititre, induced worm egg death rate, chromium and oxide compound thereof, cadmium and oxide compound thereof, mercury and oxide compound thereof, arsenic and oxide compound thereof, lead and oxide compound thereof adopt the method for determining among the NY884-2004 to measure, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium adopt the method for determining among the NY525-2002 to measure;
(10) metering packing adopts the electronic platform scale metering, and error 40 ± 0.04kg adopts the compression moulding paper bag packing.
Embodiment 3
A kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special, described biological organic fertilizer is made by following materials of weight proportions: dregs of beans 5%, vinegar is pickled with grains or in wine 64%, humic acids 25%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5.6%, zinc sulfate 0.2%, borax 0.15%, complex microorganism bacterial classification 0.05%.
Above-mentioned a kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special and preparation method thereof, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium de Bary) is chosen in the selection of complex microorganism bacterial classification respectively, is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10010; Subtilis withered grass subspecies (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn) are stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC11089; Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluoresceus (Trevisan) Migula) is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10646; Gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus Krasil ' nikov) is preserved in Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, and it is numbered CGMCC1.910; Trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai) is preserved in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC30371; Proportioning order and ratio between above-mentioned five kinds of microorganisms are: bacillus megaterium: subtilis: Pseudomonas fluorescens: trichoderma harziarum: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering=1～3: 1～2: 1～3: 1: 1～4, absorption carrier is 80 order diatomite, the absorption ratio is 20%, and inoculum size is 1%;
(2) activation activates the microbial strains that freeze-drying is preserved under aseptic condition, make it to have good growth and breeding ability;
(3) one-level, secondary, shaking table enlarge, and used substratum is: bacillus megaterium, subtilis withered grass subspecies and Pseudomonas fluorescens are all selected the nutrition bouillon media for use, peptone 10.0g, beef leaching thing 3.0g, NaCl 5.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH value 7.0; 29 ℃ of the culture temperature of bacillus megaterium and subtilis withered grass subspecies, incubation time 50 hours, 23 ℃ of the culture temperature of Pseudomonas fluorescens, incubation time 53 hours; The gel-shaped bacillus is selected the silicate bacteria substratum for use, sucrose 5.0g, Na2HPO42.0g, MgSO47H2O 0.5g, FeCl 30.005g, CaCO30.1g, soil mineral 1.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH7.0,30 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 55 hours; Trichoderma harziarum is selected potato glucose substratum (PD) for use, potato leaching liquid 1000ml glucose 20.0g, and the pH nature, culture temperature is 26 ℃, incubation time 55 hours;
(4) batching is pressed dregs of beans 50kg, the vinegar 640kg that is pickled with grains or in wine, and humic acids 250kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 56kg, zinc sulfate 2kg, borax 1.5kg, microbial strains 0.5kg, mix, and add water and stir, to material moisture 50%;
(5) ground nature heap fermentation is adopted in fermentation, the wide 1.5m of fermentation heap, and high 1m, the dome-shaped stockpile that length is not limit, loam cake straw screen or mat are in order to insulation and shading, and fermenting process adopts the forced ventilation facility, adopts computer control temperature, humidity, CO
2/ O
2Ratio is promptly and accurately ventilated, and guarantees good aerobic fermentation, stacks after 24 hours, and temperature of charge can reach 32 ℃;
(6) turning for supplemental oxygen, realizes aerobic fermentation, prevents that simultaneously leavening temperature is too high, adopts artificial turning, and the ventilation oxygenating was stacked 48 hours, and temperature can reach 65 ℃, a large amount of white hypha bodies of material surface attachment;
(7) finished product is decomposed through 8 days fermentation materials, and the biological organic fertilizer finished product that ferments is a brown, and ferment fragrance is arranged, tool gloss, and no stink, the powdery of no tart flavour adopts granulating equipment, produces spherical shape, diameter 3mm;
(8) cryodrying, in order to guarantee the vigor of microorganism, when dry, temperature of charge is not higher than 50 ℃, is no more than 15 minutes time of drying;
(9) detect, living bacteria count adopts colony counting method to measure, organic matter, water content, pH value, colititre, induced worm egg death rate, chromium and oxide compound thereof, cadmium and oxide compound thereof, mercury and oxide compound thereof, arsenic and oxide compound thereof, lead and oxide compound thereof adopt the method for determining among the NY884-2004 to measure, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium adopt the method for determining among the NY525-2002 to measure;
(10) metering packing adopts the electronic platform scale metering, and error 50 ± 0.05kg adopts the compression moulding paper bag packing.
Embodiment 4
A kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special, described biological organic fertilizer is made by following materials of weight proportions: dregs of beans 20%, vinegar is pickled with grains or in wine 64.7%, humic acids 10%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5%, zinc sulfate 0.1%, borax 0.1%, complex microorganism bacterial classification 0.1%.
Above-mentioned a kind of improvement saltings bio-organic fertilizer special and preparation method thereof, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium de Bary) is chosen in the selection of complex microorganism bacterial classification respectively, is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10010; Subtilis withered grass subspecies (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn) are stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC11089; Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluoresceus (Trevisan) Migula) is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10646; Gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus Krasil ' nikov) is preserved in Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, and it is numbered CGMCC1.910; Trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai) is preserved in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC 30371; Proportioning order and ratio between above-mentioned five kinds of microorganisms are: bacillus megaterium: subtilis: Pseudomonas fluorescens: trichoderma harziarum: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering=1～3: 1～2: 1～3: 1: 1～4, absorption carrier is 80 order diatomite, the absorption ratio is 20%, and inoculum size is 1%;
(2) activation activates the microbial strains that freeze-drying is preserved under aseptic condition, make it to have good growth and breeding ability;
(3) one-level, secondary, shaking table enlarge, and used substratum is: bacillus megaterium, subtilis withered grass subspecies and Pseudomonas fluorescens are all selected the nutrition bouillon media for use, peptone 10.0g, beef leaching thing 3.0g, NaCl 5.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH value 7.0; 28 ℃ of the culture temperature of bacillus megaterium and subtilis withered grass subspecies, incubation time 65 hours, 24 ℃ of the culture temperature of Pseudomonas fluorescens, incubation time 65 hours; The gel-shaped bacillus is selected the silicate bacteria substratum for use, sucrose 5.0g, Na2HPO42.0g, MgSO47H2O 0.5g, FeCl 30.005g, CaCO3 0.1g, soil mineral 1.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH7.0,30 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 60 hours; Trichoderma harziarum is selected potato glucose substratum (PD) for use, potato leaching liquid 1000ml glucose 20.0g, and the pH nature, culture temperature is 26 ℃, incubation time 60 hours;
(4) batching is pressed dregs of beans 200kg, the vinegar 647kg that is pickled with grains or in wine, and humic acids 100kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 50kg, zinc sulfate 1kg, borax 1kg, microbial strains 1kg, mix, and add water and stir, to material moisture 50%;
(5) ground nature heap fermentation is adopted in fermentation, the wide 1.5m of fermentation heap, and high 1m, the dome-shaped stockpile that length is not limit, loam cake straw screen or mat are in order to insulation and shading, and fermenting process adopts the forced ventilation facility, adopts computer control temperature, humidity, CO
2/ O
2Ratio is promptly and accurately ventilated, and guarantees good aerobic fermentation, stacks after 24 hours, and temperature of charge can reach 43 ℃;
(6) turning for supplemental oxygen, realizes aerobic fermentation, prevents that simultaneously leavening temperature is too high, adopts artificial turning, and the ventilation oxygenating was stacked 48 hours, and temperature can reach 75 ℃, a large amount of white hypha bodies of material surface attachment;
(7) finished product is decomposed through 4 days fermentation materials, and the biological organic fertilizer finished product that ferments is a brown, and ferment fragrance is arranged, tool gloss, and no stink, the powdery of no tart flavour adopts granulating equipment, produces spherical shape, diameter 3mm;
(8) cryodrying, in order to guarantee the vigor of microorganism, when dry, temperature of charge is not higher than 50 ℃, is no more than 15 minutes time of drying;
(9) detect, living bacteria count adopts colony counting method to measure, organic matter, water content, pH value, colititre, induced worm egg death rate, chromium and oxide compound thereof, cadmium and oxide compound thereof, mercury and oxide compound thereof, arsenic and oxide compound thereof, lead and oxide compound thereof adopt the method for determining among the NY884-2004 to measure, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium adopt the method for determining among the NY525-2002 to measure;
(10) metering packing adopts the electronic platform scale metering, and error 50 ± 0.05kg adopts the compression moulding paper bag packing.
In the foregoing description, every mu of saltings consumption 200～1000kg as base manure, spreads fertilizer over the fields or ditch spread can.
Claims (5)
1. improve the saltings bio-organic fertilizer special for one kind, it is characterized in that described biological organic fertilizer made by following materials of weight proportions: dregs of beans 5%～20%, vinegar poor 64%～70%, humic acids 10%～25%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5%～7%, zinc sulfate 0.1%～0.3%, borax 0.1%～0.2%, complex microorganism bacterial classification 0.05%～0.1%.
2. a kind of improvement according to claim 1 saltings bio-organic fertilizer special, it is characterized in that described complex microorganism bacterial classification is made up of the different microorganism of 5 strains, belong to bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium de Bary), be stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, it is numbered ACCC10010; Subtilis withered grass subspecies (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn) are stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC11089; Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluoresceus (Trevisan) Migula) is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10646; Gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus Krasil ' nikov) is preserved in Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, and it is numbered CGMCC1.910; Trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai) is preserved in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC30371; Proportioning order and ratio between above-mentioned five kinds of microorganisms are: bacillus megaterium: subtilis: Pseudomonas fluorescens: trichoderma harziarum: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering=1～3: 1～2: 1～3: 1: 1～4, absorption carrier is 80 order diatomite, the absorption ratio is 20%, and inoculum size is 1%.
3. a kind of improvement according to claim 1 saltings bio-organic fertilizer special is characterized in that it is the microbe carrier substratum that described biological organic fertilizer adopts the sterilization rice bran, the effective total viable count of described sterilization rice bran 〉=200,000,000/g, organic 〉=30%.
4. a kind of improvement according to claim 1 saltings bio-organic fertilizer special is characterized in that the effective total viable count 〉=0.2 hundred million/g of described biological organic fertilizer, organic 〉=30%, and moisture≤20%, the pH value is 6.5～7.0.
5. improve saltings bio-organic fertilizer special and preparation method thereof for one kind, it is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
(1) bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megateriumde Bary) is chosen in the selection of complex microorganism bacterial classification respectively, is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10010; Subtilis withered grass subspecies (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis (Ehren berg) Cohn) are stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC11089; Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluoresceus (Trevisan) Migula) is stored in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC10646; Gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillus mucilaginosusKrasil ' nikov) is preserved in Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, and it is numbered CGMCC1.910; Trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai) is preserved in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, and it is numbered ACCC30371; Proportioning order and ratio between above-mentioned five kinds of microorganisms are: bacillus megaterium: subtilis: Pseudomonas fluorescens: trichoderma harziarum: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering=1～3: 1～2: 1～3: 1: 1～4, absorption carrier is 80 order diatomite, the absorption ratio is 20%, and inoculum size is 1%;
(2) activation activates the microbial strains that freeze-drying is preserved under aseptic condition, make it to have good growth and breeding ability;
(3) one-level, secondary, shaking table enlarge, and used substratum is: bacillus megaterium, subtilis withered grass subspecies and Pseudomonas fluorescens are all selected the nutrition bouillon media for use, peptone 10.0g, beef leaching thing 3.0g, NaCl 5.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH value 7.0; 28～30 ℃ of the culture temperature of bacillus megaterium and subtilis withered grass subspecies, incubation time 48～72 hours, 20～25 ℃ of the culture temperature of Pseudomonas fluorescens, incubation time 48～72 hours; The gel-shaped bacillus is selected the silicate bacteria substratum for use, sucrose 5.0g, Na2HPO42.0g, MgSO47H2O 0.5g, FeCl 30.005g, CaCO30.1g, soil mineral 1.0g, distilled water 1000ml, pH7.0～7.2,30 ℃ of culture temperature, incubation time 48～72 hours; Trichoderma harziarum is selected potato glucose substratum (PD) for use, potato leaching liquid 1000ml glucose 20.0g, and the pH nature, culture temperature is 26 ℃, incubation time 48～72 hours;
(4) batching is pressed dregs of beans 5%～20%, vinegar poor 64%～70%, humic acids 10%～25%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5%～7%, zinc sulfate 0.1%～0.3%, borax 0.1%～0.2%, complex microorganism bacterial classification 0.05%～0.1% mix, and add water and stir;
(5) ground nature heap fermentation is adopted in fermentation, the wide 1.5～2.5m of fermentation heap, and high 0.6～1.2m, the dome-shaped stockpile that length is not limit, the loam cake straw screen or mat is in order to insulation and shading;
(6) turning for supplemental oxygen, realizes aerobic fermentation, prevents that simultaneously leavening temperature is too high, carries out turning, can adopt artificial turning or mechanical turning;
(7) finished product is decomposed through 4～9 days fermentation materials, and the biological organic fertilizer finished product that ferments is a brown, and ferment fragrance is arranged, tool gloss, and the powdery of no stink adopts granulating equipment, produces spherical shape, diameter 3～5mm; Or cylindric, diameter 3～5mm, length 5～8mm;
(8) cryodrying, in order to guarantee the vigor of microorganism, when dry, temperature of charge is not higher than 50 ℃, is no more than 15 minutes time of drying;
(9) detect, living bacteria count adopts colony counting method to measure, organic matter, water content, pH value, colititre, induced worm egg death rate, chromium and oxide compound thereof, cadmium and oxide compound thereof, mercury and oxide compound thereof, arsenic and oxide compound thereof, lead and oxide compound thereof adopt the method for determining among the NY884-2004 to measure, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium adopt the method for determining among the NY525-2002 to measure;
(10) metering packing adopts the metering of electronics or platform scale, error 40 ± 0.04kg, and 50 ± 0.05kg adopts Polywoven Bag or compression moulding paper bag packing.
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