CN105819913A - Composite bacterial fertilizer, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite bacterial fertilizer, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite bacterial fertilizer, which comprises a microbial inoculant, an enzyme preparation, an organic fertilizer and a fiber carrier. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the composite bacterial fertilizer, and an application of the composite bacterial fertilizer on improving saline-alkali soil. The provided composite bacterial fertilizer can effectively reduce the pH and conductivity of soil, increase the species and number of microorganisms in soil and content of organic substances in soil, enhance the fertilizing performance of soil, improve soil structure, promote the ecological balance of saline-alkali soil to move to the positive direction, and improve the saline-alkali soil in a long term.
Description
Technical field
The application belongs to fertilizer field, is specifically related to a kind of composite bacterial fertilizer for alkaline land improving and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil refers to the soil containing excess water soluble salinity, and the natural complex (including the three-dimensional space positions such as landform, weather, vegetation, soil, subsoil water) that the various natural causes affecting its Exploitative potential are formed, it is an intact ecocystem, is divided into again alkaline earth and solonchak according to the height presenting alkaline reaction.Containing too much solubility salt in soil, especially sodium ion, the calcium ion-exchanged that can soil colloids be adsorbed out, causes grogs to disperse, destroys the structure of soil；The most also can increase the osmotic pressure of the soil liquid, affect the homergy of cell, cause plant growing to be slowed down or wither lethal.Therefore, try to explore the control measures of the salinization of soil, improve the utilization ratio of soil resource, improve the ecological environment, can effectively alleviate that grain is in short supply and soil not enough between contradiction, to promoting that agricultural sustainable development is of great practical significance.
Traditional with hydraulic pressure salt, Drainage of salt, warp the pressure measure such as salt and chemical modifying, while improving soil ecology balance, the often further deterioration of aggravation soil.The restoration of the ecosystem that development in recent years is got up, rely on the growth metabolism of microorganism, promote becoming thoroughly decomposed of dry branches and fallen leaves, increase soil fertility, increase the content of organic matter, improve the micro environment of soil, slow although taking effect, but soil remediation is had long-acting, is a benign cycle, meets the thinking of China's sustainable development.
Having occurred in that some microbial compound bacterial fertilizers at present, but the production technology of these composite bacterial fertilizers uses solid fermentation method, whole process to need the time of 20-30 days mostly, the time is long, and step is complicated.And adding biological active component, such as nicotinic acid, inositol etc. in composite bacterial fertilizer, the price of these compositions is high, and the high cost of the composite bacterial fertilizer thus produced is unsuitable for field large-scale use.Additionally, due to composite bacterial fertilizer needs to add organic matter, but, along with the source of organic matter material is different, the character of the composite bacterial fertilizer thus made has larger difference.
Therefore, the purpose of the application is to develop a kind of composite bacterial fertilizer improving salt-soda soil, not only to meet the demand of Soil structure of increasing soil fertility, improve, and be also satisfied the demands such as production technology is simple, raw material cheap, stable performance.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems referred to above, this application provides a kind of composite bacterial fertilizer for alkaline land improving and preparation method thereof.This composite bacterial fertilizer can not only increase soil fertility, improve Soil structure, and its production technology is simple, low in raw material price, function admirable.
This application provides a kind of composite bacterial fertilizer, described composite bacterial fertilizer comprises microbial bacterial agent, enzyme preparation, fertilizer and fiber-like carrier.In some embodiments, described microbial bacterial agent comprises: one or more of in bacteria B. subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus coagulans, bacillus acidocldarius, bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus and fungus saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, Candida utilis, koning trichoderma；Preferably, described microbial bacterial agent comprises: one or more of in bacteria B. subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus coagulans, bacillus acidocldarius, bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus, and one or more of in fungus saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, Candida utilis, koning trichoderma；More preferably, described microbial bacterial agent comprises: bacteria B. subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus coagulans, bacillus acidocldarius, bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus, and fungus saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, Candida utilis, koning trichoderma；nullMost preferably，Described microbial bacterial agent comprises: bacteria B. subtilis (Bacillussubtilis，Preserving number CGMCC1.2163)、Bacillus licheniformis (Bacilluslicheniformis，Preserving number CGMCC1.265)、Colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillusmucilaginosus，Preserving number ACCC19749)、Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillusamyloliquefaciens，Preserving number CGMCC1.769)、Bacillus coagulans (Bacilluscoagulans，Preserving number CGMCC1.3220)、Bacillus acidocldarius (Bacillusthermophilus，Preserving number ATCC7953)、Bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium，Preserving number CGMCC1.2764)、Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus，Preserving number CICC21791)，And fungus saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycescerevisiae，Preserving number CGMCC2.3880)、Trichoderma viride (Trichodermaviride，Preserving number CGMCC3.3744)、Candida utilis (Candidautilis，Preserving number CGMCC2.1180)、Koning trichoderma (Trichodermapseudokoningii，Preserving number CGMCC3.6612).In some embodiments, one or more of during described enzyme preparation comprises amylase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, xylanase and cellulase；Preferably, described enzyme preparation comprises amylase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, xylanase and cellulase.In some embodiments, described fertilizer is any commercially available organic fertilizer product, and its content of organic matter is not less than 30%, meets the content of organic matter standard in commercially available fertilizer.In some embodiments, described fiber-like carrier is straw-like materials such as corn straw, wheat stalk；The garbage of afforestation is such as fallen leaves, deadwood；Or the poor slag of food enterprise such as distiller grains, vinegar, bagasse；Or one of the above or several mixture.In some embodiments, in mass, described microbial bacterial agent is 3～5 parts, and described enzyme preparation is 2～5 parts, and described fertilizer is 40～45 parts, and described fiber-like carrier is 45～55 parts.In some embodiments, the micro organism quantity in described composite bacterial fertilizer is: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus coagulans, bacillus acidocldarius, bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus are respectively 1-3 × 108Individual/g, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, Candida utilis and/or koning trichoderma are respectively 1-3 × 106Individual/g.
Present invention also provides a kind of method preparing the composite bacterial fertilizer according to the application, described method includes: the microbial bacterial agent that a. preparation is dried, drying means is preferably lyophilizing or spray drying；B. collecting and comminuted cellulosic carrier, the grinding particle size of described cellulose carrier is preferably 300 ± 20mm, adds enzyme preparation and fertilizer, be mixed to prepare microbial inoculum carrier in described comminuted fibres element carrier；C. the microbial inoculum carrier that the microbial bacterial agent being dried that step a obtains obtains with step b is mixed, prepare composite bacterial fertilizer.
Present invention also provides the application for alkaline land improving of the composite bacterial fertilizer according to the application.
For reaching the purpose of the application, the application by the following technical solutions:
Compared with traditional microbial-bacterial fertilizer, the technical scheme of the application adds the microbial bacterial agent with specific function, except conventional use of microorganism fungus kind, such as bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, colloid bacillus cereus etc., specific features for salt-soda soil, it is also added into bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus coagulans, bacillus acidocldarius, bacillus megaterium, the antibacterials such as lactobacillus and saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, Candida utilis, the funguses such as koning trichoderma, introduce the carrier mass of some fibre class common in daily life, such as straw, garden waste and distillers grains and dregs material, it is effectively increased the content of organic matter of soil, add soil fertility, it is also possible that soil is soft, improve ventilation capacity, improve Soil structure, the ecological balance promoting soil is carried out towards useful direction.
Compound enzyme be intended to degrade carrier cellulose family molecule, with improve microbial strains degraded utilize speed.
In addition, organic matter required in the composite bacterial fertilizer of the application is mainly derived from fertilizer commercially, and without carrying out ferment in second time during compatibility, simplify preparation technology, and this composite bacterial fertilizer is mainly used in the soil improvement in salt-soda soil, when it uses, the compound enzyme in composite bacterial fertilizer can promote the degraded of fiber-like carrier, enhancement beneficial microorganism growth and breeding, thus beneficially the quick of fertilizer efficiency discharges.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used for providing being further appreciated by technical scheme, and constitutes a part for description, for explaining the technical scheme of the application together with embodiments herein, is not intended that the restriction to technical scheme.
Fig. 1 is the photo of the situation of Planting Medicago sativa on the salt-soda soil before improvement and after improvement.Left figure is the photo of the front shooting of improvement；Middle figure is the photo of improvement shooting in latter 22 days；Right figure is the photo of improvement shooting in latter 7 months.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the application, technical scheme and advantage clearer, hereinafter embodiments herein will be described in detail.It should be noted that in the case of not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can mutual combination in any.
Each raw material used in following embodiment, in addition to particularly pointing out, all can be obtained from commercially available.Experimental technique
(1) method of counting of viable count:
Previously prepared nutrient agar culture dish.After sampling, aseptically, fermentation liquid is carried out gradient dilution, take the bacterium solution spread plate of 100 μ L acceptable diluent degree, after 30 DEG C of constant temperature culture are inverted and are cultivated 24-48h, calculate viable count.Concrete grammar is as follows: take 7 test tubes equipped with 4.5mL sterilized water, with 10-1-10-7Number consecutively, draws 0.5mL from fermentation medium with liquid-transfering gun, puts into numbering 10-1Centrifuge tube, rocks mixing, makes 10-1Bacterium solution, the rest may be inferred, until the 7th pipe numbering 10-7Centrifuge tube, make different dilution bacterium solution.Then the different dilution bacteria suspension of absorption 0.1mL is in the plate of sterilizing, is coated with glass slicker, and each dilution culture medium does 3 repetitions, is inverted after cultivating and counts.
The computing formula of viable count is:
Viable count in 1mL original fermented solution=same dilution factor more than three repeats average × extension rate × 10 of plate bacterium colony
(2) computational methods of spore germination rate
Spore counting method refers to fermentation liquid after 80 DEG C of water-bath 10min of constant temperature, and being immediately placed in cold water cooling, then dilution spread, concrete grammar is ibid.
Spore germination rate is the spore number that obtains of viable bacteria counting method and the percentage ratio of total bacteria count.
The preparation of embodiment 1 antibacterial microbial inoculum
Antibacterial culture medium prescription:
(1) slant medium (g/L): peptone 10 (biochemical reagents), sodium chloride 5 (analytical pure), Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream 3 (biochemical reagents), agar 15.0-20.0 (biochemical reagents), pH7.0-7.2.
(2) seed culture medium (g/L): peptone 10, Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream 3, sodium chloride 5, pH7.0.
(3) fermentation medium (g/L): wheat bran 20, Semen Maydis powder 20, yeast extract 0.5, pH7.0.
Take out the bacillus subtilis (Bacillussubtilis of slant medium preservation, preserving number CGMCC1.2163), picking one ring accesses in 50mL seed culture medium, in 37 DEG C, carry out incubated overnight under the conditions of 200rpm, then according to the inoculum concentration of 10%, transfer in fermentation medium, in 37 DEG C, continue under the conditions of 200rpm to cultivate.Sweat is 7.0 by add ammonia controlling pH, the OD of sampling and measuring fermentation liquid the most on time600And viable count and spore germination rate.When the viable count in fermentation liquid reaches 2 × 1010Individual/mL, when the germination rate of spore is more than 80%, fermentation ends, centrifugal collection somatic cells (somatic cells containing spore).
nullBacillus licheniformis (Bacilluslicheniformis，Preserving number CGMCC1.265)、Colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillusmucilaginosus，Preserving number ACCC19749)、Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillusamyloliquefaciens，Preserving number CGMCC1.769)、Bacillus coagulans (Bacilluscoagulans，Preserving number CGMCC1.3220)、Bacillus acidocldarius (Bacillusthermophilus，Preserving number ATCC7953)、Bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium，Preserving number CGMCC1.2764)、Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus，Preserving number CICC21791) etc. the fermenting and producing of antibacterial similar with the fermentation of bacillus subtilis.
The preparation of embodiment 2 fungal inoculant
Fungus culture medium prescription:
(1) slant medium (g/L): peptone 20 (biochemical reagents), yeast extract 10 (biochemical reagents), glucose 20 (analytical pure), agar 15.0-20.0 (biochemical reagents), pH7.0-7.2.
(2) seed culture medium (g/L): peptone 20, yeast extract 10, glucose 20, pH7.0.
(3) fermentation medium (g/L): peptone 20, yeast extract 10, glucose 20, pH7.0.
Take the saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycescerevisiae of slant medium preservation, preserving number CGMCC2.3880) bacterial strain, picking one ring accesses in 50mL seed culture medium, in 30 DEG C, cultivate 20-24h under the conditions of 200rpm, then according to the inoculum concentration of 10%, transfer in fermentation medium, in 30 DEG C, continue under the conditions of 200rpm to cultivate.Sweat being 7.0 by add ammonia controlling pH, analyzing its growing state simultaneously, when thalli growth enters stable phase, when i.e. OD600 is not further added by, fermentation ends, centrifugal collect somatic cells, now, the OD600=8～10 of fermentation liquid.
Other fungus, including Trichoderma viride (Trichodermaviride, preserving number CGMCC3.3744), Candida utilis (Candidautilis, preserving number CGMCC2.1180), the fermentation culture of koning trichoderma (Trichodermapseudokoningii, preserving number CGMCC3.6612) similar to saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The preparation of embodiment 3 composite bacteria agent capable
It is configured to bacteria suspension after the bacillus subtilis of embodiment 1 fermenting and producing acquisition, Bacillus licheniformis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus coagulans, bacillus acidocldarius, bacillus megaterium, the antibacterial microbial inoculum of lactobacillus and the saccharomyces cerevisiae of embodiment 2 fermenting and producing acquisition, Trichoderma viride, Candida utilis, the fungal inoculant of koning trichoderma being mixed according to following ratio.In bacteria suspension, in terms of viable count, every kind of fungal inoculant adds 1 part, and every kind of antibacterial microbial inoculum adds 100 parts, and the viable count of every part is equal.Then spray drying tower (PLG-6, Changzhou Tai'an drying equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd) is used to be dried.Design parameter is: with the charging rate of 1L/h, under conditions of nebulizer temperature 220 DEG C, outlet temperature 80 DEG C, by microbial inoculum spray drying, stand-by.
The preparation of embodiment 4 composite bacteria agent capable carrier
The corn stalk powder collected is broken into little broken section of 300 ± 20mm, at 2.0Mpa, processes 10min under the conditions of 180 DEG C, then according to the ratio of 9:1 adds cellulase, amylase, 1,4 beta-glucanase and xylanase, after mixing, obtain the carrier of composite bacteria agent capable.
Carrier in this embodiment is in addition to corn straw, it is also possible to using the distillers grains and dregs materials such as wheat stalk, rice straw, gardens litter (deadwood, fallen leaves etc.) and distiller grains, vinegar, bagasse, its processing method is ibid.
The preparation of embodiment 5 composite bacterial fertilizer
The composite bacteria agent capable carrier that composite bacteria agent capable embodiment 3 obtained and embodiment 4 obtain, mixes according to the ratio of 1:10, and ensures that the bacterium number of every bacterioid reaches 3-5 × 108Individual/g, the bacterium number of every class fungus reaches 3-5 × 106Individual/g.Then, by commercially available fertilizer (content of organic matter is not less than 30%), according to the ratio of 1:1, mix with said mixture, it is ensured that in finished product, the bacterium number of every bacterioid reaches 1-3 × 108Individual/g, the bacterium number of every class fungus reaches 1-3 × 106Individual/g, obtains composite bacterial fertilizer.
Using of embodiment 6 composite bacterial fertilizer
The composite bacterial fertilizer of gained is prepared by embodiment 5, for the improvement in Binhai New District salt-soda soil, Weifang, Shandong.Fertilizing method is as follows: use the composite bacterial fertilizer of 1kg embodiment 5 in the basic soil of every 20 square metres, before using and after using 15 days, measures the salinity of this soil, pH, quantities of soil microbe and the content of organic matter.Soil constituent before and after improvement is analyzed as follows:
Planting Medicago sativa on salt-soda soil after improvement, its growing state is good, sees the middle figure of Fig. 1 and right figure.
The embodiment that the application uses, is not limited to the application.Technical staff in any the application art; on the premise of without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the application; any amendment and change can be carried out in the form implemented and details, but the scope of patent protection of the application, still must be defined in the range of standard with appending claims.
Claims (9)
1. a composite bacterial fertilizer, described composite bacterial fertilizer comprises microbial bacterial agent, enzyme preparation, fertilizer and fiber-like carrier.
Composite bacterial fertilizer the most according to claim 1, wherein said microbial bacterial agent comprises: one or more of in bacteria B. subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus coagulans, bacillus acidocldarius, bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus and fungus saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, Candida utilis, koning trichoderma；Preferably, described microbial bacterial agent comprises: one or more of in bacteria B. subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus coagulans, bacillus acidocldarius, bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus, and one or more of in fungus saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, Candida utilis, koning trichoderma；More preferably, described microbial bacterial agent comprises: bacteria B. subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus coagulans, bacillus acidocldarius, bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus, and fungus saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, Candida utilis, koning trichoderma；nullMost preferably，Described microbial bacterial agent comprises: bacteria B. subtilis (Bacillussubtilis，Preserving number CGMCC1.2163)、Bacillus licheniformis (Bacilluslicheniformis，Preserving number CGMCC1.265)、Colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillusmucilaginosus，Preserving number ACCC19749)、Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillusamyloliquefaciens，Preserving number CGMCC1.769)、Bacillus coagulans (Bacilluscoagulans，Preserving number CGMCC1.3220)、Bacillus acidocldarius (Bacillusthermophilus，Preserving number ATCC7953)、Bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium，Preserving number CGMCC1.2764)、Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus，Preserving number CICC21791)，And fungus saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycescerevisiae，Preserving number CGMCC2.3880)、Trichoderma viride (Trichodermaviride，Preserving number CGMCC3.3744)、Candida utilis (Candidautilis，Preserving number CGMCC2.1180)、Koning trichoderma (Trichodermapseudokoningii，Preserving number CGMCC3.6612).
Composite bacterial fertilizer the most according to claim 1, it is one or more of that wherein said enzyme preparation comprises in amylase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, xylanase and cellulase；Preferably, described enzyme preparation comprises amylase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, xylanase and cellulase.
Composite bacterial fertilizer the most according to claim 1, wherein said fertilizer is any commercially available organic fertilizer product, and its content of organic matter is not less than 30%.
Composite bacterial fertilizer the most according to claim 1, wherein said fiber-like carrier is straw-like materials such as corn straw, wheat stalk；The garbage of afforestation is such as fallen leaves, deadwood；Or the poor slag of food enterprise such as distiller grains, vinegar, bagasse；Or one of the above or several mixture.
Composite bacterial fertilizer the most according to claim 1, the most in mass, described microbial bacterial agent is 3～5 parts, and described enzyme preparation is 2～5 parts, and described fertilizer is 40～45 parts, and described fiber-like carrier is 45～55 parts.
Composite bacterial fertilizer the most according to claim 1, the micro organism quantity in wherein said composite bacterial fertilizer is: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus coagulans, bacillus acidocldarius, bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus are respectively 1-3 × 108Individual/g, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride, Candida utilis and/or koning trichoderma are respectively 1-3 × 106Individual/g.
8. preparing the method according to the composite bacterial fertilizer according to any one of aforementioned claim 1-7, described method includes:
A. preparing dry microbial bacterial agent, drying means is preferably lyophilizing or spray drying；
B. collecting and comminuted cellulosic carrier, the grinding particle size of described cellulose carrier is preferably 300 ± 20mm, adds enzyme preparation and fertilizer, be mixed to prepare microbial inoculum carrier in described comminuted fibres element carrier；
C. the microbial inoculum carrier that the microbial bacterial agent being dried that step a obtains obtains with step b is mixed, prepare composite bacterial fertilizer.
9. the application of alkaline land improving it is used for according to the composite bacterial fertilizer described in any one of claim 1-7.
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| CN106590669A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-04-26 | 新疆农业大学 | Bio-type drip irrigation saline-alkaline soil improver and preparation method thereof |
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