CN1854245A

CN1854245A - Improvement of vegetative salt alkaline land soil

Info

Publication number: CN1854245A
Application number: CN 200510043283
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王莹
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2005-04-27
Filing date: 2005-04-27
Publication date: 2006-11-01

Abstract

The invention includes a kind of alkaline soil ameliorant and the method of its application. The invention provided a kind of soil ameliorant that has good economic performance with rich resources. This method not only can improve the biologic productivity of the soil, the livability of plants and the growth qualities but also has low cost and wider prospect in application. The method of the saline-sodic soil amelioration is used in changing the alkaline saline soil to fertile farmland that is good for growing plants. Through experiment, using that nourishment alkaline soil ameliorant, the soil which had the dissolubility salt content more than 1.0% would make the dissolubility salt content decline to 0.6-0.4% and get lint cotton 45,000 grams in an acre just in one year later; Two after year, the percentage composition of soil solute salt decrease to below 0.3%, besides, this method is useful for the growth of cotton, corn and wheat.

Description

A kind of improvement of vegetative salt alkaline land soil

Technical field

The present invention relates to soil improvement agent, particularly a kind of salt affected soil soil improvement agent and application method thereof.

Background technology

China's saline-alkali soil area is very big, all kinds of saline-alkali soil total areas in the whole nation reach 9,913 ten thousand hectares, wherein salinization soil is 3,693 ten thousand hectares, remaining salinization soil is 4,486 ten thousand hectares, potential salinization soil is 1,733 ten thousand hectares, the upper soll layer saltiness surpasses at 0.6% o'clock, and most of plants can not grow.Soluble salt content has only some idioadaptations could grow in the plant of solonchak above 1.0% in the soil.This just causes the vast salt affected soil of area can not be fit to the growth needs of plant, seriously influences the eubiosis, and is very harmful.Therefore, the improvement of saline-alkali soil and utilization, to the protection of ecotope, expanding economy all is an extremely important problem.

Administer the saltings, the improvement saltings is the work that the Chinese government attaches great importance to for many years all the time.The scientific worker is through the research practice of decades, also invent and sum up some improvement methods, physically improvedly have that ground grading, deep ploughing are suned the earth which has been ploughed up, in time loosened the soil, back cover formula soil moved in to improve the original is raised ground and the flowerpot type soil moved in to improve the original is raised ground, microcell is improved the soil on the ground, whole ground, big cave as 1..2. the water conservancy improvement has storage fresh water on saline, washing salinity by irrigation, big cave soil moved in to improve the original, and the bottom is established sealing coat and oozed the pipe salt discharge.3. chemical modifying has pair saline-alkali soil to enrich chemical acid material pH value is reduced.4. biological modification has plantation green manure of salt tolerant and herbage etc.This wherein biology to change alkali investment minimum, but it is slow to take effect; Back cover formula soil moved in to improve the original raises ground and ground flowerpot type soil moved in to improve the original is raised the ground measure, though instant effect, effective is invested too high; Whole ground, big cave, fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching engineering measure, cost is low, quick result but Freshwater resources are limited and water price goes up; Big cave soil moved in to improve the original, the bottom is established sealing coat and is oozed the pipe salt discharge, instant effect, the soil moved in to improve the original longer duration, effective, but cost is higher relatively.As seen, engineering control is costly, and quantities is big, and chemical harnessing is with high costs to be one of subject matter of current improvement salt affected soil existence.Finding low, the resourceful raw material that can improve salt affected soil of cost is a key.

The invention provides a kind of both economical effectively, resourceful soil improvement raw material.According to sodium ion and the mutual principle,displacement of calcium ion, utilize the harmless derivative phosphoric acid gypsum that produces in the secondary calcium phosphate production process, the auxilliary agricultural crop straw of executing, be affixed by the corps nutrient element, the improvement salinized soil, this method not only can be improved the biological productivity of soil, thereby improves survival rate and the growth quality of plant.And method is with low cost, has broad application prospects.

Its mechanism is:

Be used as fertilizer as far back as Greece and Rome epoch gypsum, all valuable to sulphur to calcium, be again alkaline soil improver.Calcium displaces the sodium on the soil clay particle, and sodium sulfate is discharged with water, can make soil flocculation, water-permeable better.Calcium, magnesium, sulphur are three kinds of moderate-elements, in that the intravital concentration of plant is not very too low and phosphorus is similar, and calcium even sometimes more than the phosphorus.So someone completely is called 6 kinds of macroelement together with them and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, as seen its effect and macroelement to plant nutrition is of equal importance.Certainly, for various reasons, it is so high that the degree that calcium, magnesium, sulphur are paid attention to can not show a candle to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.Utilize gypsum improvement alkali-affected soil, a large amount of reports were once arranged, and the harmless derivative that this invention utilization produces---phosphogypsum improvement salt affected soil has very important scientific meaning and realistic meaning from the secondary calcium phosphate Industrial processes.

Using of crop material and residual body makes macroelement and significantly increase of trace element in the soil.Its mechanism is: at first, crop material and residual body itself contain a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace element, crop material and residual body use the reserves that must increase corresponding nutrient in the soil.Secondly, crop material and residual body decompose the intermediate products such as organic acid that produce, and also make some nutrient availabilities increases in the soil.In neutral and alkaline soil, carbonic acid gas, the particularly organic acid that produces under the accumulated water condition that the organic residual body of crop produces in decomposition course can improve the validity of soil phosphorus.Also there are some researches show: the carbohydrate that crop material and the decomposition of residual body produce has masking action to the absorption position of phosphorus, thereby has improved the activity of phosphorus.Moreover, crop material and residual body use the loss that has reduced chemical fertilizer.After crop material and residual body are manured into soil, when decomposing, will carry out the intensive biological immobilization, crop material and residual body apply the reserves that can both increase corresponding nutrient content in the soil, they all can little by little be utilized by crop.Simultaneously, use crop material and residual body the rupture coefficient of grogs is reduced, the soil microstructure coefficient increases, and feature microaggregate proportion of composing obviously descends.Using of crop material and residual body improved the soil plough horizon organic content, and particularly long-term application crop material and residual body have unusual effect to the increase of the soil organism.On the basis of joining to fertilize, application of organic fertilizers can improve organic content 7%-15%, and is wherein best to use the stalk treatment effect that do not become thoroughly decomposed especially, can improve organic content 9%-15%.Simultaneously, can improve organic quality.Soil is after organic fostering and apply fertilizer, and soil organic carbon and agron carbon component and total soil nitrogen and soil ulmin component nitrogen are improved.After applying crop material and residual body simultaneously, improved the combining form of soil ulmin, the increase of loose combined soil ulmin is the most obvious.Use the activity of the plurality of enzymes such as saccharase, proteolytic enzyme, amylase, sucrase, Phosphoric acid esterase, desaturase and ATP enzyme that crop material and residual body can also improve soil.Crop material also field also makes animals such as earthworm significantly increase except that the influence to microorganism and enzyme, thereby influences the growth of microbial biomass.

Humic acids is important one of the alkali thing that changes in serial fertilizer.There are acid peat and brown coal powder, acid weathered coal (" regeneration humic acids " content is higher), nitro humic acid etc. in the humic acid material source that we use.Humic acids is as the soil improvement agent topsoil soils of can loosening, and the alkalescence that can neutralize of acid wherein reduces soil pH value, improve soil physical and chemical property, destroy the condition that salinity rises with moisture along the capillary pore, reduce the accumulation of the native salinity of table, reduce the native saltiness of table.Humic acids is a kind of good ion-exchanger, sodium ion, chlorion there is very strong adsorption, humic acids is according to sodium ion and the mutual principle,displacement of calcium ion, utilize the harmless derivative phosphoric acid gypsum improvement salinized soil that produces in the secondary calcium phosphate production process, not only can improve the biological productivity of soil, thereby improve survival rate and the growth quality of plant.And higher cation exchange capacity is arranged, in hydraulic pressure salt process, quicken the drip washing speed of sodium ion, chlorion in the soil solution, the top layer salinity is reduced gradually.

In calcium, magnesium, sulphur, boron, the zinc etc., trace element, have higher cation exchange capacity, have the improvement salt affected soil, and in crop provides, the micronutrient element dual-use function, solve the crop growth obstacle that soil alkaline or nutritional imbalance caused.

Summary of the invention

Technical scheme of the present invention is to realize like this.A kind of improvement of vegetative salt alkaline land soil is characterized in that comprising the steps:

1, selects harmless derivative---the phosphogypsum from the secondary calcium phosphate Industrial processes, produce, must reach and contain that calcium sulfate is higher than 55%, calcium phosphate content is lower than 15%;

2, agricultural crop straws such as corn, wheat, soybean are cut into about 10 centimetres;

3, the corps nutrient element is mixed by a certain percentage by humic acids, borax, zinc powder.

This improvement of vegetative salt alkaline land soil is applicable to the salt affected soil improvement to being fit to the good farmland of plant-growth.This salt affected soil comprises heavy salinized soil, moderate salt affected soil, slight salt affected soil.The consumption of this saline-alkali soil conditioner is plain 0.15 kilogram of every square metre of phosphogypsum 1.5-3.5 kilogram, agricultural crop straw 1.5-3.0 kilogram, corps nutrient.This vegetative salt alkaline land soil improvement application process is sowed phosphogypsum, agricultural crop straw, corps nutrient element again for after removing stubble, makes its thorough mixing even, deep ploughs 10-20 centimetre again.

Major advantage of the present invention:

1, manufacture method of the present invention be utilize from the secondary calcium phosphate Industrial processes, produce harmless derivative---phosphogypsum and agricultural crop straw are main raw material, not only with low cost, and waste is utilized again, reduced environmental pollution, have the effect that turns waste into wealth;

2, the present invention imposes on plain the mixing of corps nutrient in agricultural crop straw, the phosphogypsum, improves the effect of improvement salt affected soil greatly, has effect of increasing production significantly;

3, the present invention is applicable to heavy salinized soil, moderate salt affected soil, slight salt affected soil, has broad application prospects.

Through test, use this vegetative salt alkaline land soil modifying agent, soluble salt content surpassed 1.0% soil after 1 year, and soil soluble salt content drops to 0.6-0.4%, and output of cotton is 45 kilograms of per mu yield gined cottons; After 2 years, soil soluble salt content drops to below 0.3%, adapts to the growth of cotton, corn, wheat substantially.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: the usage quantity of heavy salinized soil nutrient type saline-alkali soil conditioner is: 3.5 kilograms of every square metre of phosphogypsums, 3.0 kilograms of agricultural crop straws, plain 0.15 kilogram of corps nutrient.

Embodiment 2: the usage quantity of moderate salt affected soil vegetative salt alkaline land soil modifying agent is: 2.5 kilograms of every square metre of phosphogypsums, 2.0 kilograms of agricultural crop straws, plain 0.15 kilogram of corps nutrient.

Embodiment 3: the usage quantity of slight salt affected soil vegetative salt alkaline land soil modifying agent is: 1.5 kilograms of every square metre of phosphogypsums, 1.5 kilograms of agricultural crop straws, plain 0.15 kilogram of corps nutrient.

Claims

1, a kind of improvement of vegetative salt alkaline land soil is characterized in that utilizing the harmless derivative phosphoric acid gypsum that produces in the secondary calcium phosphate production process, assists and executes agricultural crop straw, is affixed by the corps nutrient element, the improvement salinized soil.

2, a kind of improvement of vegetative salt alkaline land soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that the harmless derivative phosphoric acid gypsum calcium sulphate content that produces in the described secondary calcium phosphate production process is higher than 55%, calcium phosphate content is lower than 15%.

3, a kind of improvement of vegetative salt alkaline land soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that described agricultural crop straw is meant wheat, corn, soybean, peanut stalk, and is cut into about 10 centimetres.

4, a kind of improvement of vegetative salt alkaline land soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that described corps nutrient element is meant humic acids, borax, zinc powder.

5, a kind of improvement of vegetative salt alkaline land soil according to claim 4 is characterized in that the ratio (weight ratio) of the plain composition humic acids of described corps nutrient, borax, zinc powder is 95%, 2%, 3%.

6, a kind of improvement of vegetative salt alkaline land soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described vegetative salt alkaline land soil modifying agent application method is: after removing stubble, sow phosphogypsum, agricultural crop straw, corps nutrient element again, make its thorough mixing even, deep plough 10-20 centimetre again.