CN101012380B - Salination soil modifying agent composition and use thereof - Google Patents
Salination soil modifying agent composition and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101012380B CN101012380B CN2007100376448A CN200710037644A CN101012380B CN 101012380 B CN101012380 B CN 101012380B CN 2007100376448 A CN2007100376448 A CN 2007100376448A CN 200710037644 A CN200710037644 A CN 200710037644A CN 101012380 B CN101012380 B CN 101012380B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a new-typed salted soil modifier composition and making method, which comprises the following parts: superphosphate, calcium sulfate, poromeric material, decomposed rough organics, phosphogypsum, rough stream and macromolecular (water retention) agent for alkali soil of littoral area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the forestry new material technology field.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition and method for making and purposes.Described improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition contains calcium superphosphate, calcium sulfate, gas permeable material and the thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is particularly useful for the biological restoration of coastal region saline-alkali soil.
Background technology
The saliferous reason of beach salty soil is the salification process of seawater dipping influence, soil salinization processes such as the salification process of underground water, the surface water or underground water surface water double influence and routedization of the secondary salt of soil process; And the ecology improvement of beach salty soil itself usually utilizes mineralized water as water source for irrigation, and it brings huge difficulty to the expansion of saline soil soil improvement work especially.
Salt marsh (alkali) soil mainly contains the harm of plant: the effect of coercing of water, physiology murder by poisoning, different ions and the salt of salt ion are to the murder by poisoning of plant.
One, the effect of coercing of water is because the increase of soil salt increases soil solution concentration, causes osmotic pressure to improve constantly.Plant absorbs the moisture ability and reduces from soil, the performance lack of water.If the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, greater than osmotic pressure in the vegetable cell, plant just can not absorb the moisture in the soil, takes place " physiological drought " and dead.
Two, the physiology of salt ion is poisoned and is meant in the salt marsh environment, and being forced to of plant absorbs, and makes sodium ion (Na
+), chlorion (Cl
-) increase the Ca2 on the cytolemma in vivo
+S is just by Na
+Replace, produce the phenomenon of osmosis of film, make intracellular soluble substance overbalance, usually show the shortage of P, N, K nutritive substance.
Three, different ions and salt show the murder by poisoning of plant:
1), the solubleness of salt is big more, its hazardness is just big more.
2), alkalescence is big more, poisons also just big more.
3), different salt, toxicity is also different.As MgCl
2Toxicity greater than NaCl.One, the toxicity of Mg2+ itself is just than Na
+Greatly; Two, MgCl
2Solubleness bigger than NaCl.
4), the toxicity of single salt is bigger than multiple salt hazardness.This is owing to the antagonistic action that has between the ion.As regulate Na/Ca ratio in the soil, the toxic action that can alleviate Na+.
5), the positively charged ion of salt is identical, and negatively charged ion difference, its toxic action is also different, its ordering is
Na2CO
3＞NaHCO
3＞NaCl ≌ Na
2SO
4, MgCl
2＞MgSO
4＞MgCO
3And the total ordering of the different salt hazardness of saline soil: Na
2CO
3＞MgCl
2＞NaHCO
3＞NaCl＞CaCl
2＞MgSO
4＞Na2SO
4
Up to now, the ameliorative measure in saltings and the experience of accumulation there is the water conservancy ameliorative measure, agricultural and biological modification measure, chemical modifying measure etc. both at home and abroad.
The water conservancy ameliorative measureThe useful fresh water of precedent (low salinity water) flushing saline-alkali soil in salinity, methods such as irrigation and drainage by well.At present, the water conservancy ameliorative measure is effective modification method of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad, has all obtained using widely in states such as India, the U.S. and Canada.But the prerequisite of water conservancy measure is that competent low mineralising good water sources will be arranged, the 2nd, smooth pumping equipment and place be arranged.The irrigation and drainage by well method needs consumes energy, and operational and administrative expenses is higher, and needs suitable hydrogeological conditions, when too small or bottom artesian pressure is too high at root zone soil permeability coefficient, all is difficult to reach the drainage effect of expection.Simultaneously, the draining salt discharge is normal again to conflict with environment protection, the salinity of malleable water system, and influence is irrigated and town water, and there are many detrimentally affects in the angle from ecological, environmental protection and rational development of water resources utilization.
Agricultural and biological modification, mainly contain two kinds of approach, the one, by kind of a plant, the salinity in the topsoil soils is progressively discharged the soil body, or it is poly-to suppress to move table on the salinity, thereby reaches the improvement purpose; The 2nd, by bioremediation technology, promptly plant salt tolerant or halophile, constantly the salinity in the soil is taken away, and then reached the purpose that reduces soil salt content.Yet, this agricultural improvement or biological restoration effect be subjected to the restriction of conditions such as improvement time, soil salt content and salinization and alkalization.General saltiness and basicity soil with high, (in the 3-5) all is difficult to obtain ideal effect in a short time.
The engineering ameliorative measureMainly be " soil moved in to improve the original method ".Way commonly used is to make " soil moved in to improve the original " with farmland soil displacement saline-alkali soil or with sandy soil, is pressed in above the soda alkaline spot soil.Experimental study shows, farmland soil soil moved in to improve the original method effect is fast, press micromicrofarad better to the improved effect of soda alkaline spot, and the time length is also longer, but that the shortcoming of soil moved in to improve the original maximum is exactly a quantities is too big, and this also is the major cause that this method can not obtain wide popularization and application.
The chemical modifying measureStudies have shown that in a large number for moderate or the saline-alkali soil more than the severe, it is main having only the chemical modifying of employing, is aided with measures such as other agricultural or biology, be only the most effectively modification method.Therefore, from the forties, people have just begun the research and development work of chemical improvement agent.Carter for example, M.R. had once carried out continuous 6 years gypsuming (2.24t/hm
2Year) field test; Armenian scholar once carried out the test of green vitriol improvement saline-alkali soil; Hungarian investigator once utilized brown coal byproduct and sugar refinery byproduct to carry out the test of improvement alkaline earth; The soil-working person of China once utilized humic acid, weathered coal and furfural dregs etc. to carry out reclamation of salinep-alkali soil test.Certain improved effect has all been received in these tests.In the last few years, adopted the organic and inorganic composite modifying agent of synthetic (as Hungarian lime powder and petroleum by-product resinous acid mixture abroad; USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) urea formaldehyde polymkeric substance etc., cationic polysaccharide guar gum derivatives CP-14 of Britain etc.) improvement saline-alkali soil is also all received certain effect.
The mechanism of action of normal soil modifying agent is divided three kinds:
Physics-improve Soil structure, enhancing soil permeability, magnetized water are irrigated, sand is mixed sticking, the sticking sand etc. of mixing;
Chemistry-be mainly used in alkali soil improvement, a kind of is to add acid (chemical action), as Sulfur, sulfuric acid, ferrous sulfate, Tai-Ace S 150, residue is arranged, effect has increased the salinity of soil simultaneously again; A kind of is to add calcium (replacement effect), and as gypsum, calcium oxide, Wingdale, phosphogypsum, coal gangue, wherein as gypsum, consumption is big, and 3 years take effect, and have high input (and northern calcareous soil itself just contains abundant calcium element);
Biochemical-be main composition with biogenic organic acid, carry out biochemical action.
Disclose a kind of composite soil modifier among the Chinese patent application CN93103237.7 (application on March 23rd, 1993, publication number is 1083510A), it contains colliery powder and porous plastics etc. as main improvement composition.Yet the shortcoming of this modifying agent is alkaline components such as interpolation sodium hydroxide, and is not suitable for the improvement of saline-alkali soil.
In sum, though at present there has been multiple soil improvement agent this area, still lack cheap, be applicable to the soil improvement agent of saline soil fast and effectively.Therefore, this area presses for the soil improvement agent composition that exploitation can improve saline-alkali soil quick, effective, cheaply, so that fast and effeciently improve saline-alkali soil.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention just provides a kind of soil improvement agent composition that can improve saline-alkali soil quick, effective, cheaply.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method for making and purposes of described soil improvement agent composition.
In a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition is provided, described composition contains:
(i) calcium superphosphate of 10-25 weight part;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 2-15 weight part;
The (iii) gas permeable material of 2-15 weight part; With
The (iv) thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 50-90 weight part;
Wherein, component (i) accounts for the 70-100% of improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition total weight to weight sum (iv).
In another preference, described composition contains:
(i) calcium superphosphate of 18-22 weight part;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 3-10 weight part;
The (iii) gas permeable material of 3-10 weight part; With
The (iv) thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 60-80 weight part.
In another preference, the described thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed is selected from: peat, the peat composed of rotten mosses, Black Hills mud, leaf-humidified soil, weathered coal, agricultural crop straw and deadwood leaf fermented product or its combination.
In another preference, described gas permeable material is selected from: perlite, vermiculite, furfural dregs or its combination.
In another preference, by the gross weight of modifying agent composition, described composition comprises:
(i) calcium superphosphate of 10-25%;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 3-15%;
The (iii) gas permeable material of 3-15%; With
The (iv) thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed of surplus.
In another preference, described composition can contain following component:
(v) river sand of 20-25 weight part (especially thick river sand) and/or haydite;
(vi) 1-10 weight part (preferable 2-5 weight part) polymer water conservation water-retaining agent;
(the vii) chemical fertilizer of 0.01-5 weight part (as potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer (as urea, saltpetre)); Or
(the viii) plant growth hormones of 0.000001-0.00001 weight part.
In another preference, the native modifying agent composition of described stain, it contains
(i) calcium superphosphate of 18-22 weight part;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 4-8 weight part;
The (iii) perlite of 4-8 weight part; With
The (iv) peat of 60-80 weight part or the peat composed of rotten mosses.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a kind of above-mentioned improvement of salt and alkaline land agent preparation of compositions method is provided, it comprises step:
(a) mix following component:
(i) calcium superphosphate of 10-25 weight part;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 2-15 weight part;
The (iii) gas permeable material of 2-15 weight part; With
The (iv) thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 50-90 weight part;
Thereby form above-mentioned improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition, wherein, component (i) accounts for the 70-100% of improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition total weight to weight sum (iv).
In another preference, the described thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed is selected from: peat, the peat composed of rotten mosses, Black Hills mud, leaf-humidified soil, agricultural crop straw and deadwood leaf fermented product, weathered coal or its combination; And/or
Described gas permeable material is selected from: perlite, vermiculite; Furfural dregs or its combination.
In another preference, described method is also sneaked into one or more following components in mixing step (a):
(the v) thick river sand and/or the haydite of 20-25 weight part;
(vi) 1-10 weight part (preferably 2-5 weight part) polymer water conservation water-retaining agent;
(the vii) chemical fertilizer of 0.01-5 weight part (as potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer (as urea, saltpetre)); Or
(the viii) plant growth hormones of 0.000001-0.00001 weight part.
In third aspect present invention, the purposes of above-mentioned improvement of salt and alkaline land agent is provided, it is used to improve saline soil, especially improves the physics or the chemical property (as reducing pH in soil) of saline soil.
In fourth aspect present invention, a kind of method that improves saline soil is provided, in saline soil to be improved, use the above-mentioned improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition of the present invention.
In another preference, the amount of application of described improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition is the 40-100kg/ cubic meter, more preferably is the 60-90kg/ cubic meter.
Embodiment
The inventor is through extensive and deep research, finds (i) calcium superphosphate, (ii) calcium sulfate, (iii) gas permeable material such as perlite; (iv) become thoroughly decomposed 4 class materials such as thick organism by a certain percentage behind the compatibility, can form a kind of soil improvement agent composition that improves saline-alkali soil quick, effective, cheaply.Finished the present invention on this basis.
As used herein, " present composition " refers to soil improvement agent composition of the present invention.It contains a certain proportion of necessary component (i.e. (i) calcium phosphate, (ii) calcium sulfate, (iii) gas permeable material such as perlite; 4 class materials such as thick organism (iv) become thoroughly decomposed), and dispensable annexing ingredient.
As used herein, term " contain " refer to " comprising (comprising) ", " basically by ... constitute " and " by ... formation ".
Improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition
Improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition of the present invention contains:
(i) calcium superphosphate of 10-25 weight part;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 2-15 weight part;
The (iii) gas permeable material of 2-15 weight part;
The (iv) thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 50-90 weight part;
Wherein, component (i) to weight sum (iv) accounts for the 70-100% of composition total weight, preferably accounts for the 80-100% of composition total weight, more preferably accounts for the 90-100% of composition total weight.
Calcium superphosphate
In composition of the present invention, the effect of calcium superphosphate mainly provides phosphorus, to improve the saline-alkaline tolerance of plant.The phosphorus element can improve concentration, the raising root system Premeabilisation of cells of plant cell liquor and press, thereby improved the saline-alkaline tolerance of plant; In addition, calcium superphosphate is chemically acid fertilizer, but the alkalescence of neutralized salt alkaline earth.Provide calcium ion on the other hand, so as with saline-alkali soil in excessive sodium ion carry out exchange interaction, thereby improve soil property.
In improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition of the present invention, calculate by weight, the consumption of calcium superphosphate is about the 10-25 weight part usually, preferably 18-22 weight part, more preferably 19-21 weight part.
Percentagewise, the consumption of calcium superphosphate is about 10-25wt% usually, preferably 18-22wt%, more preferably 19-21wt%.
Prescribe a time limit greater than going up of above-mentioned scope when the consumption of calcium superphosphate, can cause cost to rise, and to phosphorus being provided and improving soil property and do not have significantly further help; Prescribe a time limit less than the following of above-mentioned scope when the consumption of calcium superphosphate, be difficult to the phosphorus and the calcium ion that provide enough.
In the present invention, can use calcium superphosphate or its hydrate, also can use the calcium superphosphate mixture or the similar substance of higher (as greater than 50%), as monocalcium phosphate, potassium primary phosphate, but cost is higher.
Calcium sulfate (CaSO
4)
In composition of the present invention, the effect of calcium sulfate mainly is that hydrolytic action takes place after being applied to soil, and the sodium ion on the soil colloid is exchanged into calcium ion, and regulates Na/Ca ratio in the soil, thereby the toxic action that alleviates Na+ improves soil property.
In improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition of the present invention, calculate by weight, the consumption of calcium sulfate is about the 2-15 weight part usually, preferably 3-10 weight part, more preferably 4-8 weight part.
Percentagewise, the consumption of calcium sulfate is about 3-15wt% usually, and preferably 4-12wt% more preferably is 5-10wt%.
Prescribe a time limit greater than going up of above-mentioned scope when the consumption of calcium sulfate, can cause cost to rise, and to calcium ion being provided and improving soil property and do not have significantly further help; Prescribe a time limit less than the following of above-mentioned scope when the consumption of calcium sulfate, be difficult to provide enough calcium ions.
In the present invention, can use Fe in pyritic ashes
2S
3, Fe
2O
3.H
2O and FeSO
4Also can use the calcium sulfate mixture or the similar substance of higher (as greater than 50%), as phosphogypsum.
Gas permeable material
In the present invention, gas permeable material can improve the structural and water retention characteristic of soil, increases porosity, reduces the soil weight.On the other hand,, also just improved the sticking weight of soil, dried, stiff degree, thereby just promoted growth and development of plant, improved the survival rate of plant because the permeability of soil and fertilizer supply and preservation performance increase.
In the present invention, gas permeable material is not particularly limited, and can select the gas permeable material of this area routine for use.Representational example includes but not limited to: perlite, vermiculite, furfural dregs or its mixture.Preferred example comprises: perlite.
In improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition of the present invention, calculate by weight, the consumption of gas permeable material is about the 2-15 weight part usually, preferably 3-10 weight part, more preferably 4-8 weight part.
Percentagewise, the consumption of gas permeable material is about 2-15wt% usually, preferably is 3-10wt%, more preferably is 4-8wt%.
Prescribe a time limit greater than going up of above-mentioned scope when the consumption of gas permeable material, can cause the soil weight too small, water retention property is excessive, is unfavorable for plant-growth, and does not have significantly further help to improving structure; Prescribe a time limit less than the following of above-mentioned scope when the consumption of gas permeable material, be difficult to effectively improve Soil structure.
When modifying agent composition of the present invention is applied to the humid area, preferred an amount of increase of the consumption of gas permeable material, for example content is 10-30wt%, more preferably is 15-25wt%; On the other hand, the gas permeable material in composition this moment should comprise perlite.
It is thick organic to become thoroughly decomposed
The thick organic a kind of organic substance that is that becomes thoroughly decomposed among the present invention, its effect is, be manured into soil after microbiological degradation transforms again synthetic complicated organic colloid, contain soluble protein and humic acids, has moderate cohesiveness, can make clay loose, the sandy soil bonding forms crumb structure.On the other hand, the thick organic matter that becomes thoroughly decomposed among the present invention can protect available phosphorus in the calcium superphosphate " not fixed " by saline-alkali soil and lose activity; Organic matter contains multiple nutrient simultaneously, helps activity of microorganism and the growth of plant, and it possesses organic and fertilizer efficiency mineral manure, is good soil improvement agent composition.
The thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed of the present invention includes but not limited to, peat, the peat composed of rotten mosses, Black Hills mud, leaf-humidified soil, agricultural crop straw and deadwood leaf become thoroughly decomposed thing, weathered coal and composition thereof, the preferred peat composed of rotten mosses.
In improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition of the present invention, calculate by weight, the thick organic consumption that becomes thoroughly decomposed is about the 50-90 weight part usually, preferably the 60-80 weight part.
Percentagewise, the thick organic consumption that becomes thoroughly decomposed is about the surplus of each other component sum of composition, for example 40-90wt%, more preferably 50-80wt% usually.
Annexing ingredient
Composition of the present invention is except containing main ingredient (i) to (iv), also can contain a spot of (less than 30wt%) and not influence the supplementary component of main component.
Usually, the content of these annexing ingredients is generally the 0-50 weight part, perhaps percentagewises, and is generally the 0-30% of composition total weight.
Add supplementary component mainly is in order to adjust composite formula, so that improve the saline-alkali soil of different soil properties better with suiting measures to local conditions.
Annexing ingredient commonly used comprises: thick river sand, haydite, polymer water-holding agent, polymer water conservation water-retaining agent, chemical fertilizer (as potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer (as urea, saltpetre)), plant growth hormones or its combination.
The polymer water-holding agent
A kind of annexing ingredient commonly used is the polymer water-holding agent.In the present invention, the polymer water-holding agent can improve Soil structure, strengthens the soil corrosion resistance.On the one hand, water-holding agent adds after the soil, and the ability that soil forms coacervate strengthens.Water-holding agent shrinks repeatedly with imbibition and has caused a large amount of holes to soil, has improved the ventilation property of soil, has improved root system environment; On the other hand, also strengthened the activity of root system microorganism, accelerated the rhizosphere decomposition of humatite matter on every side, helped root system and absorb, promoted root system and growth and development of plant, improved Soil structure, kept soil from packing together and salinification.
When improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition of the present invention is used to be applied to the arid area, should comprise the polymer water-holding agent.When improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition of the present invention contains the polymer water-holding agent, calculate by weight, the consumption of water-holding agent is about the 1-5 weight part usually, preferably is the 2-4 weight part.
Percentagewise, the consumption of polymer water-holding agent is about composition 1-5wt%, more preferably 2-4wt% usually.
Soil improvement method
Soil improvement agent composition of the present invention can be used for improveing saline soil, especially improves the physics or the chemical property (as reducing the pH value of saline soil) of saline soil.
Usually, in saline soil to be improved, use the above-mentioned improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition of the present invention, can play the effect of improving the soil.
The amount of application of described improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition is not particularly limited, and is generally the 40-100kg/ cubic meter, more preferably is the 60-90kg/ cubic meter.
Saline-alkali soil modifying agent composition of the present invention major advantage comprise:
1. reduce the alkalescence of saline-alkali soil: drop to P in soil H value near neutrality-slight alkalinity by P in soil H value 〉=8.5, thereby satisfy the growth requirement of trees flowers and plants.
2. the heavy salinity of plant hazard is converted into the salinity light to plant hazard, reduce the murder by poisoning degree of soil soluble salt to plant.
3. improve the osmotic pressure of root system of plant cell, overcome the root system of plant absorption difficulty that soil soluble salt causes, thereby improved the anti-salt alkali ability of plant.
4. improve the physical properties of saline-alkali soil, form the Soil structure and the ecological environment of soil that are applicable to plant-growth.
5. the invention provides the modifying agent of the nitrogen that contains suitable proportioning, phosphorus, potassium plant basic nutrition key element, and contain trace elements such as sulphur, calcium, magnesium.
6. soil improvement agent of the present invention can be stablized effectively in conjunction with above-mentioned chemistry, biochemical characteristic, and improve Soil structure and water retention characteristic etc. simultaneously, rapid-action, cost is low and the saline-alkali soil conditioner that can suit measures to local conditions, can be effectively carry out the comprehensive soil improvement agent of implementing of big area at the green soil of coastal saline-alkali soil.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example usually according to normal condition, or carries out according to the condition that manufacturer advises.Unless otherwise indicated, otherwise all umbers are weight part, and all per-cents are weight percentage.
Embodiment 1
Preparation soil improvement agent composition No.1
Take by weighing each component by table 1 prescription, mix then, thereby make soil improvement agent composition No.1.
Embodiment 2
Preparation soil improvement agent composition No.2
Take by weighing each component by table 1 prescription, mix then, thereby make soil improvement agent composition No.2.
Embodiment 3
Preparation soil improvement agent composition No.3
Take by weighing each component by table 1 prescription, mix then, thereby make soil improvement agent composition No.3.
Embodiment 4
Preparation soil improvement agent composition No.4
Take by weighing each component by table 1 prescription, mix then, thereby make soil improvement agent composition No.4.
Table 1 soil improvement agent composite formula
Embodiment 5-8
Preparation soil improvement agent composition No.5-8
Take by weighing each component by table 2 prescription, mix then, thereby make soil improvement agent composition No.5-10.In these compositions, also corresponding some additional combinations of adding are to be fit to saline soil soil property to be improved.
Table 2 soil improvement agent composite formula
For the above-mentioned improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition of preparation, measure its physical property and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium equal size with ordinary method, the result is shown in following table 3 and 4.
The physicochemical property of the native modifying agent composition of table 3 stain
The physicochemical property of the native modifying agent composition of table 4 stain
Annotate: () is middle deduction moisture.
Embodiment 9
The improvement of salt and alkaline land experiment
Choose a piece size in the Jinshan District, Shanghai and be 3 mu saline-alkali soil, the performance index of saline soil are mean P H value 8.9, total salt 2.1g/Kg before the improvement
Improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition No.1 with preparation among the embodiment 1, use by the 66kg/ cubic meter, earlier dark 20-30 centimetre of saline soil scarifying, spread fertilizer over the fields the modifying agent composition by 15Kg/ square metre, turn over one time by the same degree of depth again, make modifying agent and soil evenly mixed, plant the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, Hibisci Mutabilis, Rosa roxburghii, palm etc. then.The plant of being planted is well-grown all.
Through 19 months, test the performance index of saline-alkali soil once more, found that P in soil H value has dropped to 7.98, total salt quantity drops to 1.03g/Kg.This shows, modifying agent can be stablized effectively in conjunction with above-mentioned chemistry, biochemical characteristic, and improves Soil structure and water retention characteristic etc. simultaneously, and is rapid-action.In addition, the cost of saline soil composition of the present invention is low, and the cost of composition No.1 is 0.64 yuan/kilogram of composition only.
Embodiment 10
The improvement of salt and alkaline land experiment
Choosing a piece size at Harbor, Shanghai new city is 10 mu saline soil, and the performance index of saline soil are pH value 8.58-9.41 before the improvement, total salt quantity 2.38-4.85g/Kg (because of area is big, the multi-point sampling luffing is bigger, so do not do on average)
Improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition No.2 with preparation among the embodiment 2, use by the 80kg/ cubic meter, spread one deck modifying agent composition on the saline soil surface by 50Kg/ square metre, plough deeply to 60 centimetres with digging machine, dig repeatedly 2-3 time, modifying agent and saline soil are mixed, plant glossy privet, fragrant camphor tree, beech tree, Chinese rose, Folium seu Cortex Nerii, Yucca gloriosa L., fiery sour jujube etc. then.Except that fragrant camphor tree growth was poor slightly, all the other trees flowers all grew normally.
Through 15 months, test the performance index of saline-alkali soil once more, found that P in soil H value drops to 7.26-8.22, total salt quantity drops to 1.15-2.49g/Kg.This shows, modifying agent can be stablized effectively in conjunction with above-mentioned chemistry, biochemical characteristic, and improves Soil structure and water retention characteristic simultaneously, and is rapid-action.In addition, the cost of saline soil composition of the present invention is low, and the cost of composition No.2 is 0.72 yuan/kilogram of composition only.
Embodiment 11-14
The improvement of salt and alkaline land experiment
Choosing 4 piece sizes in mortise river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi, Jinshan District, Shanghai Craft in Chemical Industrial Area is the sticking heavy saline-alkali soil of 4-7 mu soil property, and the performance index of saline soil are pH value 8.72-9.15 before the improvement, total salt quantity 2.60-3.75g/Kg.
The improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition No.5-8 for preparing in embodiment 5-8 respectively uses by the method for embodiment 10 by the 80kg/ cubic meter, plants Podocarpus macrophyllus, Jia Nali nipa palm, beech tree, slash pine etc. then, and all growth is normal.
Through 12 months, test the performance index of saline-alkali soil once more, found that P in soil H value is reduced to 7.9-8.42, total salt quantity is reduced to 1.40-2.10g/Kg.This shows, modifying agent can be stablized effectively in conjunction with above-mentioned chemistry, biochemical characteristic, and improves Soil structure and water retention characteristic simultaneously, and is rapid-action.In addition, the cost of saline soil composition of the present invention is low, and the cost of composition No.5-8 only is 0.6-0.70 unit/kilogram of composition.
Embodiment 15
The alkaline land improving experiment
Select the saltings about 12 mu in Forest Park, Nanhui District strand, Shanghai City, the saline soil performance index are mean P H value 8.65 before the improvement, total salt quantity 2.31g/Kg, improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition NO.8 with preparation among the embodiment 8 presses the 80Kg/ cubic meter, use in trees kind plant hole: mound is by the cave when digging plant pit, modifying agent composition and saline-alkali soil are mixed thoroughly, in the tree planting process, inserted plant pit then.Ginkgo, cypress, slash pine, crape myrtle, palm etc. have been planted, all well-grown.
Through the performance index of testing saline soil once more after 20 months: pH value reduces to 7.68, and total salt quantity is reduced to 1.18g/Kg.This shows that the modifying agent composition can be effectively in conjunction with above-mentioned chemistry, biochemical character, and improves Soil structure and retentiveness etc. simultaneously, and plant growth hormones then promotes the tree root growth, has improved trees surviving rate.In addition, saline soil composition cost of the present invention is low, and the cost of composition No.8 is 0.65 yuan/kilogram of composition only.
All quote in this application as a reference at all documents that the present invention mentions, just quoted as a reference separately as each piece document.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read above-mentioned teachings of the present invention, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Claims (10)
1. improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition is characterized in that described composition contains:
(i) calcium superphosphate of 10-25 weight part;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 2-15 weight part;
The (iii) gas permeable material of 2-15 weight part; With
The (iv) thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 50-90 weight part;
Wherein, component (i) to weight sum (iv) accounts for the 70-100% of improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition total weight, and counts by weight percentage, and the consumption of calcium superphosphate is 10-25%;
And the described thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed is selected from: peat, the peat composed of rotten mosses, Black Hills mud, leaf-humidified soil, weathered coal, agricultural crop straw and deadwood leaf fermented product or its combination;
Described gas permeable material is selected from: perlite, vermiculite, furfural dregs or its combination.
2. composition as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described composition contains:
(i) calcium superphosphate of 18-22 weight part;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 3-10 weight part;
The (iii) gas permeable material of 3-10 weight part; With
The (iv) thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 60-80 weight part.
3. composition as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed is selected from: peat, the peat composed of rotten mosses, agricultural crop straw and deadwood leaf fermented product or its combination.
4. composition as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described gas permeable material is a perlite.
5. composition as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, by the gross weight of modifying agent composition, described composition comprises:
(i) calcium superphosphate of 10-25%;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 3-15%;
The (iii) gas permeable material of 3-15%; With
The (iv) thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed of surplus.
6. composition as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it can contain following component:
(the v) river sand of 20-25 weight part and/or haydite;
(the vi) polymer water conservation water-retaining agent of 1-10 weight part;
(the vii) chemical fertilizer of 0.01-5 weight part, described chemical fertilizer is potash fertilizer or nitrogenous fertilizer; Or
(the viii) plant growth hormones of 0.000001-0.00001 weight part.
7. improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that it contains
(i) calcium superphosphate of 18-22 weight part;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 4-8 weight part;
The (iii) perlite of 4-8 weight part; With
The (iv) peat of 60-80 weight part or the peat composed of rotten mosses.
8. the described improvement of salt and alkaline land agent of claim 1 preparation of compositions method is characterized in that it comprises step:
(a) mix following component:
(i) calcium superphosphate of 10-25 weight part;
The (ii) calcium sulfate of 2-15 weight part;
The (iii) gas permeable material of 2-15 weight part; With
The (iv) thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 50-90 weight part;
Thereby form the described improvement of salt and alkaline land agent of claim 1 composition, wherein, component (i) accounts for the 70-100% of improvement of salt and alkaline land agent composition total weight to weight sum (iv);
And the described thick organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed is selected from: peat, the peat composed of rotten mosses, Black Hills mud, leaf-humidified soil, weathered coal, agricultural crop straw and deadwood leaf fermented product or its combination;
Described gas permeable material is selected from: perlite, vermiculite, furfural dregs or its combination.
9. the purposes of an improvement of salt and alkaline land agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is used to improve saline soil.
10. a method that improves saline soil is characterized in that, in saline soil to be improved, uses the described improvement of salt and alkaline land agent of claim 1 composition.
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| CN2007100376448A CN101012380B (en) | 2007-02-16 | 2007-02-16 | Salination soil modifying agent composition and use thereof |
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| CN101012380B true CN101012380B (en) | 2010-10-13 |
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