CN101903936A - 像素驱动电路 - Google Patents

像素驱动电路 Download PDF

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CN101903936A
CN101903936A CN2008801216970A CN200880121697A CN101903936A CN 101903936 A CN101903936 A CN 101903936A CN 2008801216970 A CN2008801216970 A CN 2008801216970A CN 200880121697 A CN200880121697 A CN 200880121697A CN 101903936 A CN101903936 A CN 101903936A
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tft
floating grid
active matrix
image element
pixel
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CN101903936B (zh
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A·兰科夫
E·C·史密斯
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Cambridge Display Technology Ltd
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Cambridge Display Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于有源矩阵光电子器件、特别是OLED(有机发光二极管)显示器的像素驱动电路。我们描述了具有多个有源矩阵像素的有源矩阵光电子器件,每个所述像素包括像素电路,该像素电路包括用于驱动像素的薄膜晶体管(TFT)和用于存储像素值的像素电容器,其中,所述TFT包括具有浮置栅极的TFT。

Description

像素驱动电路
技术领域
本发明涉及用于有源矩阵光电子器件、特别是OLED(有机发光二极管)显示器的像素驱动电路。
背景技术
将描述本发明的实施例,其在有源矩阵OLED显示器中特别有用,虽然本发明的应用和实施例不限于此类显示器且可以用于其它类型的有源矩阵显示器以及某些实施例中也用于有源矩阵传感器阵列。
有机发光二极管显示器
在取决于所采用的材料的颜色范围内,可以使用包括聚合物、小分子和树形化合物的材料来制造有机发光二极管,其在这里包括有机金属LED。基于聚合物的有机LED的示例在WO 90/13148、WO95/06400和WO 99/48160中所有描述;基于树形化合物的材料的示例在WO 99/21935和WO 02/067343中有所描述;所谓的基于小分子的器件的示例在US 4,539,507中有所描述。典型的OLED器件包括两层有机材料,其中之一是一层诸如发光聚合物(LEP)、低聚物或发光低分子量材料的发光材料,且其中另一个是一层诸如聚噻吩衍生物或聚苯胺衍生物的空穴传输材料。
可以将有机LED沉积在像素矩阵中的衬底上以形成单色或多色像素化显示器。可以使用发红、绿、和蓝发光子像素的群组来构造多色显示器。所谓的有源矩阵显示器具有存储元件,通常为存储电容器,和晶体管,其与每个像素相关联(而无源矩阵显示器不具有此类存储元件并作为替代地被反复扫描以提供稳定图像的印象)。聚合物和小分子有源显示器驱动器的示例分别可以在WO 99/42983和EP0,717,446A中找到。
常常向OLED提供电流编程驱动,因为OLED的亮度由流过器件的电流确定,这确定其生成的光子的数目,而在简单的电压编程结构中,可能难以预测像素在被驱动时将出现什么样的亮度。
关于电压编程有源矩阵像素驱动电路的背景现有技术可以在Dawson等人(1998)在IEEE International Electron Device Meeting,San Francisco,Ca,875-878中所著的“The impact of the transientresponse of organic light emitting diodes on the design of activematrix OLED displays”中找到。关于电流编程有源矩阵像素驱动电路的背景现有技术可以在九州大学和Casio计算机有限公司的T.Shirasaki、T.Ozaki、T.Toyama、M.Takei、M.Kumagai、K.Sato、S.Shimoda、T.Tano、K.Yamamoto、K.Morimoto、J.Ogura和R.Hattori在特邀论文AMD3/OLED5-1,11th International DisplayWorkshops,8-10 December 2004,IDW’04 Conference Proceedingspp275-278中所著的“Solution for Large-Area Full-Color OLEDTelevision-Light Emitting Polymer and a-Si TFT Technologies”中找到。其它背景相关技术可以在US 5,982,462和JP2003/271095中找到。
从IDW’04论文中获取的图1a和1b示出示例性电流编程有源矩阵像素电路和相应时序图。在操作中,在第一阶段,暂时将数据线接地以使OLED的Cs和结电容放电(Vselect、Vreset高;Vsource低)。然后,应用数据宿Idata,使得相应的电流流过T3且Cs存储此电流所需的栅电压(Vsource是低的,使得无电流流过OLED,且T1导通,因此T3是被连接的二极管)。最后,将选择线撤销(de-assert)并将Vsource取为高,以便编程电流(由存储在Cs上的栅电压确定)流过OLED(IOLED)。
然而,存在对改善的像素驱动电路的需要。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,因此提供了一种有源矩阵光电子器件,其具有多个有源矩阵像素,每个所述像素包括像素电路,该像素电路包括用于驱动像素的薄膜晶体管(TFT)和用于存储像素值的像素电容器,其中,所述TFT包括具有浮置栅极的TFT。
在实施例中,浮置栅极TFT具有经由输入电容器耦合的到浮置栅极的一个或多个电容耦合输入端子。在实施例中,除通过输入电容器之外,不存在到浮置栅极的其它连接(即,无直接或电阻性输入)。可以将浮置栅极及相关的栅极连接集成在TFT结构内,或者浮置栅极可以包括到TFT的栅极连接,所述TFT基本上与其余像素电路电阻性隔离——亦即,其仅具有到其余像素电路的一个或多个电容性连接(未集成)。在未集成器件中,输入电容器因此可以是被与浮置栅极TFT分开地图案化的器件。
“未集成”结构特别有用,因为其使得能够避免栅极与漏极-源极金属层之间的过孔。这是因为可以在源极-漏极层中将耦合电容器的一个板图案化。因此,在采用具有未集成输入电容器的浮置栅极器件的实施例中,所述浮置栅极(FG)器件的使用避免了对通常在驱动TFT的栅极层与控制或开关TFT的漏极-源极层之间的附加过孔的需要。
在某些特别优选实施例中,驱动TFT具有两个输入端,每个具有到器件的FG的相关的电容性连接。在用于控制被驱动TFT驱动的OLED像素的亮度的OLED显示器中,这些输入电容之一可以用于存储调制驱动TFT的阈值电压的电压,而另一个可以用作编程输入。
在具有两个电容耦合输入端子的实施例中,由第二输入端子提供的附加灵活性有利于制造具有增加的工作效率和/或更好地控制电路工作的能力的像素电路。因此,在实施例中,可以将输入端子之一及其相关的电容用于针对老化、温度和位置不均匀度中的一个或多个补偿像素亮度和/或颜色。可以采用输入端子来调谐像素电路的一个或多个参数和/或将像素电路编程以设置像素亮度(这里,亮度包括多色显示器的彩色子像素的亮度)。
在其它实施例中,可以采用附加的电容耦合输入端子来提供对器件之间的不匹配的补偿,例如,来补偿由于基于电流镜的像素电路中的器件不匹配而引起的变化。
在其它像素电路中,可以将FG薄膜晶体管的有效阈值电压减小至零,甚至可以通过向FG晶体管的电容耦合输入端子中的一个(或多个)施加电压来使其反相。这可以减小给定漏极-源极电流所需的输入电压,由此减小所需的漏极-源极电压(Vds),特别是在优选的是器件在饱和状态下工作的情况下。因此,这可以降低功率要求并增加工作效率。
此外,改变有效阈值电压的能力对于需要调谐和编程的电路是有益的,其中,不需要修正相邻晶体管之间的不匹配。
如前所述,在优选实施例中,有源矩阵光电子器件包括OLED器件且像素电路包括被TFT驱动的OLED。在其它实施例中,有源矩阵器件可以包括有源矩阵传感器,或与有源矩阵显示器件组合的有源矩阵传感器。
在某些实施例中,像素电路包括电压编程像素电路——亦即施加于像素电路的编程电压控制像素亮度(或颜色)。存储在输入电容器上的像素值则可以包括阈值偏移电压值以使TFT的阈值电压偏移。在驱动TFT具有两个电容耦合输入端子的情况下,可以采用输入端子来设置用于像素的编程电压。在某些实施例中,像素电路可以包括光电反馈。例如,包括耦合到FG驱动TFT的输入端子的光电二极管。在某些实施例中,用于此类电压编程像素的控制电路具有两个循环,其中存储阈值偏移电压值的第一循环,和其中由被阈值偏移电压值调整或调制(modulate)的编程电压来设置OLED的亮度的第二循环。
在其它实施例中,像素电路包括电流编程像素电路且存储在输入电容器上的电压包括由施加于用于像素电路的电流数据线的电流编程的电压。再次地,在实施例中,可以采用到FG TFT的FG的第二电容耦合输入端子来调制(modulate)TFT的阈值电压。然而,本领域的技术人员应认识到即使在提供了两个单独电容耦合输入端子的情况下,可以将TFT结构内的公共浮置栅极用于两种连接(电容器的一个板是共用的,并且对于相对板而言,每个输入端被连接到不同的板)。
在其中驱动TFT具有电容耦合到驱动TFT的FG的两个输入端子的电流编程像素电路的实施例中,第一输入端子可以直接或间接地经由一个或多个开关和选择晶体管耦合到驱动TFT的源极(或漏极)连接。可以控制(接通)此类选择晶体管以使得能够实现像素电路的电流编程。在实施例中,可以将一个选择晶体管提供为用于编程并将另一个用于连接驱动TFT的二极管,或者可以由单个选择晶体管来实现这两种功能。
在实施例中还可以将驱动TFT的另一电容耦合输入端子耦合到像素选择晶体管(前述选择晶体管之一,或另一选择晶体管)。可以将此选择晶体管耦合在驱动TFT的第二电容耦合输入端子与驱动TFT的漏极连接之间,或者可以将其耦合到用于像素电路的偏压连接,例如以使得偏压的施加能够调整驱动TFT的阈值电压(例如,增大Vt以便其在编程时间期间使oled反向偏置)。
电流编程像素电路的实施例包括电流数据线,其可以被选择晶体管(前述晶体管之一或另一选择晶体管)选择性地耦合到驱动TFT的电容耦合输入端子之一以便选择性地向像素电路提供编程电流并使得对应于编程电流的栅电压能够被存储在与浮置栅极连接相关的输入电容器上。电路的实施例还可以包括耦合在驱动TFT与OLED之间的用于在编程期间禁用来自OLED的照明的禁用晶体管。
在其它实施例中,像素电路包括电流镜或其它电路复制电路,在这种情况下,驱动TFT可以包括电流镜或电流复制器的输入或输出晶体管。因此,在实施例中,电流镜或电流复制电路中的一个或多个晶体管可以具有一个或多个FG器件,某些输入端子被用于例如调谐器件的特性以便更密切地相互匹配。
在相关方面,本发明提供了一种用于驱动有机电致发光显示器的有源矩阵像素电路的方法,特别地,如上所述,所述像素电路包括用于驱动像素的薄膜晶体管(TFT)和用于存储像素值的像素电容器,其中,所述TFT包括具有浮置栅极的TFT,其中,浮置栅极具有相关的浮置栅极电容,该方法包括将所述像素电路编程为将所述浮置栅极上的电压存储到源极电容器,其中,所述存储电压限定所述有机电致发光显示元件的亮度。
如前所述,浮置栅极TFT优选地具有经由一个或多个输入电容器耦合的到浮置栅极的一个或多个电容耦合输入端子。可以将其与浮置栅极TFT集成,或者将其与浮置栅极TFT分开地图案化,除通过这些输入电容器之外,没有到浮置栅极的其它连接。因此,像素电容器可以包括此类输入电容器。
在优选实施例中,所述方法还包括在耦合到输入连接之一的输入电容器上设置限定像素亮度的电压并存储电压以调制耦合到第二输入连接的输入电容器上的TFT的阈值电压。输入电容器可以是集成或非集成的。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种浮置栅极有机薄膜晶体管,其包括电容耦合到薄膜晶体管的浮置栅极的至少一个输入端子。在实施例中,所述输入端子包括到集成的浮置栅极电容器的浮置栅极连接。
本领域技术人员应理解的是在本发明的上述诸方面和实施例中,浮置栅极晶体管可以是n沟道或p沟道晶体管。
附图说明
现在将参照附图仅以示例的方式进一步描述本发明的这些及其它方面,在附图中:
图1a至1g示出根据现有技术的像素电路和相应时序图的示例,以及有源矩阵像素驱动器电路的其它示例;
图2示出浮置栅极TFT(薄膜晶体管)的示意性表示;
图3a至3c分别示出根据本发明的方面的实施例的电压编程像素电路的示例;
图4示出图解图3所示类型的电压编程像素电路的工作的时序图;
图5a至5h示出根据本发明的方面的实施例的电流编程像素电路的示例;
图6a和6b分别示出用于像素电路的浮置栅极电流镜电路的示例和并入了浮置栅极薄膜晶体管的有源矩阵传感器电路的示例;以及
图7a和7b分别示出用于根据本发明的实施例的有源矩阵像素电路的集成和非集成浮置栅极器件结构和相应的电路。
具体实施方式
有源矩阵像素电路
图1c示出电压编程OLED有源矩阵像素电路150的示例。为显示器的每个像素提供了电路150,并且提供了Vdd 152、地154、行选择124和列数据126母线排(busbar)来使像素互连。因此,每个像素具有电源和地线连接,且像素的每行具有公共行选择线且像素的每列具有公共数据线126。
每个像素具有与地线和电源线152和154之间的驱动晶体管158串联连接的OLED 152。驱动晶体管158的栅极连接159被耦合到存储电容器120,且控制晶体管122在行选择线124的控制下将栅极159耦合到列数据线126。晶体管122是薄膜场效应晶体管(TFT)开关,其在行选择线124被激活时将列数据线126连接到栅极159和电容器120。因此,当开关122开启时,可以将列数据线126上的电压存储在电容器120上。由于到驱动晶体管158的栅极连接的相对高阻抗和处于“截止”状态的开关晶体管122,此电压被保持在电容器上达到至少帧刷新周期。
驱动晶体管158通常是TFT并传递(漏极-源极)电流,该(漏极-源极)电流取决于阈值电压减晶体管栅极电压。因此,栅极节点159的电压控制通过OLED 152的电流并因此控制OLED的亮度。
图1c的电压编程电路存在许多缺点,特别是由于OLED发射非线性地取决于施加的电压,并且电流控制是优选的,因为从OLED输出的光与其传递的电流成比例。图1d(其中,用相似的附图标记来指示与图1c的那些元件相似的元件)示出采用电流控制的图1c的电路的变体。更特别地,由电流发生器166设置的(列)数据线上的电流对通过薄膜晶体管(TFT)160的电流“编程”,这转而又设置通过OLED 152的电流,因为当晶体管122a导通时,(匹配的)晶体管160和158形成电流镜。图1e示出另一变体,其中用光电二极管162来取代TFT 160,以便数据线中的电流(当选择了像素取代电路时)通过设置通过光电二极管的电流来将从OLED输出的光编程。
从我们的申请WO03/038790截取的图1f示出电流编程像素驱动电路的另一示例。在此电路中,通过OLED 152的电流的设置是通过使用电流发生器166(例如参考电流宿,reference current sink)设置用于OLED驱动晶体管158的漏极源极电流并存储此漏极-源极电流所需的驱动晶体管栅极电压。因此,OLED 152的亮度由流入参考电流宿166的电流Icol确定,其优选地是可调整的并根据被寻址的像素的需要来设置。另外,另一开关晶体管164被连接在驱动晶体管158与OLED 152之间以防止编程阶段期间的OLED照明。通常,为每个列数据线提供一个电流宿166。图1g示出图1f的电路的变体。
参照图2,其示出具有漏极(D)、源极(S)和电容性地耦合到晶体管的FG 204的多个202输入端子的浮置栅极薄膜晶体管200的示意图,每个输入端子具有各自的施加电压V1、V2、...VN。晶体管200还并入了浮置栅极(FG)204。图2还示出可以如何将晶体管的多个输入端子和浮置栅极视为一组电容器C1、C2、...CN。在稍后描述的像素电路中采用了这后一种表示。
现在参照图3a,其示出包括具有多个输入端子304的浮置栅极驱动晶体管302的电压编程像素电路300的第一示例,每个输入端子具有到TFT 302(T2)的相关电容耦合。还以虚线示出固有栅极-源极电容Cgs(当T2导通时,其包括晶体管的寄生电容加沟道电容的一部分;在截止状态下,其仅仅是寄生的)。通常,通过增大栅极和源极之间的重叠区域来增大此寄生电容以提供电路存储电容。驱动晶体管302驱动OLED 301。第一选择晶体管306(T1)选择性地将浮置栅极驱动TFT的输入端子之一耦合到承载用于像素电路的编程电压的数据线308;并且第二选择晶体管310响应于自动调零线AZ上的信号选择性地将晶体管302的第二输入端子耦合到晶体管302的漏极连接。这提供自动调零功能以例如针对老化和/不均匀性补偿像素驱动。应理解的是在图3a的示例性电路中,晶体管302(T2)是p沟道器件。
图3b示出与图3a相同的电路,但采用略微不同的表示。
图3c示出图3a和3b的电路的变体的p沟道示例,其中,用相似的附图标记来指示相似的元件,以类似于先前所述的图1e的电路的方式,图3c的电路包括光电二极管350。其在OLED 301导通时提供光学反馈,并且与图1e的布置相比提供优点,该优点在于电路修正了晶体管302的阈值电压Vt的差异或漂移。
现在参照图4,其更详细地示出图解图3的电路的工作的时序图。图3a的有源矩阵像素电路的工作中的阶段A-G如下所述:
A-像素电路处于OFF状态,Vdata与像素电路断开连接;C1和C2电容器在不确定状态下浮置。
B-选择开关被启用(enable)且参考数据电压(VHIGH)被施加于浮置栅极TFT 302的一个输入端子(V1=VHIGH),因此其不引起电流通过浮置栅极TFT 302(|VFGS|<|Vt|);VDD为高。
C-AZ为低且T3被启用;驱动TFT(T2)的V2输入被连接到漏极,因此,T2 302像二极管那样连接。V1输入仍为VHIGH(V1=VHIGH)。电流开始通过T2传导且Vgs/Vds增大。电荷在电容器C1、C2和Cgs之间重新分布。
D-VDD和V1(由Vdata的变化驱动)降低ΔV;VD(T2)降低且OLED 301被反向偏置。通过T2的电流通过启用的T3改向至C2中,对电容C2充电。当在TFT 302的浮置栅极处达到阈值电压时(且Vt被记录在Cgs上),电压V2升高且晶体管302关断。
E-AZ变为HIGH,T3变为OFF且V2断开连接。
F-VDD和V1(通过被启用的T1)再次变为HIGH,因此OLED处于前向偏置状态;以及
G-被编程到T2上的数据被偏移阈值电压Vt。
本领域技术人员通过以上说明应认识到图3的像素电路使得能够在不需要TFT开关以使OLED断开连接(因为这可以通过控制输入电压以使OLED反向偏置来有效地实现)的情况下实现电压编程像素驱动器中的阈值电压补偿。此外,在实施例中,所使用的所有电容器可以由集成浮置栅极TFT来提供作为器件302。或者,如果在没有集成TFT的情况下构造电路,则电路布局的设计可以避免对栅极与源极/漏极金属层之间的过孔(via)的需要。在实施例中,对像素进行编程的数据电压信息被电容Cgs存储并因此由驱动TFT 302(T2)的寄生电容确定。这由栅极与源极之间的重叠区域以及由器件TFT 302的沟道电容的一部分确定。此重叠通常可以增大以便提供足够的存储电容或提供外部电容。电容器C1和C2可以是浮置栅极晶体管302(T2)的集成电容,或紧挨着驱动TFT图案化的单独元件,并包括电路设计的一部分;它们的值可以通过选择浮置栅极电极与输入端子之间的几何重叠区域来确定,无论是集成的还是单独的。
现在参照图5a,其示出并入了浮置栅极驱动晶体管502的电流编程有源矩阵像素电路500的第一示例。可以将图5a的电路与图1a的电路相比较。晶体管502的一个输入端子502a(G1)充当用于选择晶体管504(其对应于图1a中的T1)的输入连接。其它输入端子502b(G2)用来存储在此输入端子被耦合到的第二选择晶体管506被接通时存储由在晶体管502的输入电容上的电流数据线Idata上设置的电流所编程的栅极-源极电压。因此,在操作中,当SEL线被保持(assert)时,晶体管504和506两者均被接通,并且为了对像素进行编程,将Vdd线取为低并向Idata线施加电流宿以设置对应于502的晶体管的输入端子电容器上的编程电流的电压。然后将SEL线撤销(de-assert)并将Vdd取为高,以便编程电流流过OLED 508。可以将复位晶体管(图5a未示出)耦合到Idata线以便在对输入电流进行编程之前使存储在连接在输入端子G2与FG之间的输入电容器上的电压复位。
可以用数目减少的过孔来制造图5a的电路;集成输入电容器导致用于像素电路的较小物理尺寸;因此,可以用集成浮置栅极器件(即具有集成输入电容器)来实现该电路以便以更复杂的层结构为代价为其提供较小的物理尺寸,或者用非集成输入电容器,可以实现具有较少或没有过孔的更简单的层结构。
图5a的电路使用n沟道晶体管,但是,如本领域技术人员应理解的那样,可以替换地采用p沟道晶体管。现在参照图5b,其示出图5a的电路的变体(其中,用相似的附图标记来指示相似的元件,其中,选择晶体管504被耦合到偏置线Vbias 510而不是Vdd)。此偏置线可以用来通过调整输入端子G1上的电压调整驱动晶体管的有效阈值电压。在阈值电压为非零且因此在通过使用二极管连接对驱动器件进行编程的情况下,将产生较大的漏极-源极电压(与保持饱和所需的相比),可以将用于浮置栅极器件的阈值电压调整为零,从而降低用于同一OLED驱动电流的栅极源极电压。这又使得能够采用较低的Vdd,由此减少功率损耗。本领域技术人员应理解的是以类似的方式,不是沿正方向调整Vbias以减小Vt,而是可以沿负方向调整Vbias以增大Vt。
图5b的布置还有利于替换工作模式,在替换工作模式中,在编程期间,不是使Vdd处于较低的电压水平以使OLED反向偏置,而是控制Vbias线上的电压以便OLED在像素电路的电流编程期间不变亮。此布置依赖于沿正方向调整Vbias以使编程电压沿负方向漂移。在编程之后Vgs近似保持恒定(图5b中的G1基本上浮置),因为源极电压升高且OLED开启。
现在参照图5c,其再次示出图5a的电路的另一变体,其中,用相似的附图标记来指示相似的元件,此变体包括耦合到SEL线的反转型式的禁用(disable)晶体管512,以便可以在编程期间主动地将OLED508关断而不是将Vdd取为低。
接下来,参照图5d,其示出电流编程有源矩阵像素电路520的另一示例,该电路使用p沟道而不是n沟道器件。在图5d的电路中,驱动晶体管522具有第一输入端子522a(G1),其在选择晶体管524、526导通时在相应的输入电容器上存储由Idata线上的电流编程的栅极电压,而第二输入端子522b(G2)充当用于晶体管522的附加输入端子并连接到驱动TFT的漏极——假设驱动TFT导通并且在编程期间处于饱和状态。再次地,在编程期间,选择晶体管524、526导通且编程电流从Vdd线通过驱动晶体管522流到连接到Idata线的可编程数据宿(未示出)。当选择晶体管524、526被关断时,此电流随后流过OLED 528(在编程阶段期间,通过OLED的电流应被禁用)。
图5e示出图5d的电路的变体,其中,不是将选择晶体管524、526串联地耦合在Idata线与驱动晶体管522的漏极连接之间,而是将选择晶体管526之一耦合在驱动晶体管522的漏极端子与此晶体管的第二输入端子G2522b之间,而第二选择晶体管524直接将Idata线耦合到驱动晶体管522的漏极端子。这具有在驱动晶体管输出与传递编程电流的Idata线之间存在单个选择晶体管的优点。
图5f示出此电路的另一变体,其中,用相似的附图标记来指示与图5d中的那些相似的元件,其中,输入端子G1 522a被连接到偏压线Vbias 530以允许以广泛地类似于参照图5b所述的方式调整/控制驱动晶体管522的阈值电压。
继续参照诸如图5f所示的布置,包括偏压线,如果在操作中使浮置栅极TFT的一个输入端子偏置以便使阈值电压增大至大的值(这可以通过使偏压线正偏置来实现(其为p型))驱动TFT两端的漏极源极电压VDS在被像二极管那样连接时可以使OLED反向偏置并因此在编程循环期间禁用其操作。因此,这提供有用的优点,因为不需要Vdd电压的调制(取低)。在实施例中,这可以提供功率节省,因为通常存在与此线相关的相当大的电容。在实施例中,可以在相邻像素/像素行之间共享有源矩阵显示器件中的偏置电压。
图5g示出另一替换电路,其中,耦合到驱动晶体管的第二输入端子G2 522b的选择晶体管526被直接耦合到Idata线而不是驱动晶体管的漏极端子(或如在5e中一样为两者)(因此漏极端子经由串联连接的选择晶体管524、526连接到输入端子G2)。
图5h示出电流编程电路的另一变体,其中,提供了附加的OLED禁用晶体管532以便可以在编程期间主动将OLED关断(因此在编程期间不需要将Vdd取为低)。
图6a示出可以并入使用一个或如所示的两个浮置栅极晶体管602、604的有源矩阵像素驱动电路的电流镜电路的示例。在所示的示例中,可以将第二输入端子之一或两者耦合到偏置电压Vb以调整晶体管602、604的一个或两个阈值电压以便例如更好地匹配两个晶体管的特性。在电流复制电路中可以使用类似布置。使用一个或多个浮置栅极器件的另一优点是可以通过经由控制输入端子之一上的栅极电压来减小驱动TFT的阈值电压而减少所需的电源。
图6示出用于并入了浮置栅极TFT的传感器的有源矩阵像素电路的示例,再次具有如上所述的阈值电压调整。
参照图7a和7b,其示出集成和非集成浮置栅极器件结构和电路。用相似的附图标记来指示与图2的那些相似的元件。
图7a示出具有集成浮置栅极204的浮置栅极(FG)TFT 200a的实施例。在此集成FG器件中,浮置栅极电容器包括一层夹在电介质层204a,c之间的栅极金属204b以在半导体206和源极-漏极金属208中的源极和漏极接线上形成浮置栅极。第一电容耦合输入端202a形成具有浮置栅极金属204b的第一部分的第一输入电容器,且第二电容耦合输入端202b形成具有浮置栅极金属204b的第二部分的第二输入电容器。
图7b示出具有非集成浮置栅极的浮置栅极(FG)TFT 200b的实施例,其中,用相似的附图标记来指示与图7a的那些相似的元件。再次地,在此结构中,第一电容耦合输入端202a形成具有浮置栅极金属204b的第一部分的第一输入电容器,且第二电容耦合输入端202b形成具有浮置栅极金属204b的第二部分的第二输入电容器。然而,不是器件具有垂直结构,而是第一和第二电容耦合输入端被横向地设置到源极-漏极触点的任一侧。这使得能够使用源极-漏极金属层来形成每个输入电容器的一个板,并且这使得能够减少像素驱动电路中的过孔的数目。此外,如通过与图7a的比较可以看到的那样,少存在一个金属层和少一个电介质层。
在以上电路的优选实施例中,晶体管包括例如由无定形硅制造的MOS器件。然而,在其它实施方式中,可以采用一个或多个有机薄膜晶体管。
如本领域技术人员应理解的那样,可以在n或p沟道变体中实现上述电路。本领域技术人员还应理解的是可以进行许多其它变更,并且例如,还可以使用浮置栅极驱动晶体管来实现图1c至1g所示的一个或多个电路。更具体而言,可以将在背景领域中描述的实际上任何像素电路配置为沿上述路线并入浮置栅极TFT。
毫无疑问,本领域技术人员将想到许多其它有效替换。应理解的是本发明不限于所述实施例并涵盖在随附权利要求书的精神和范围内的对于本领域的技术人员来说显而易见的修改。

Claims (26)

1.一种具有多个有源矩阵像素的有源矩阵光电子器件,每个所述像素包括像素电路,所述像素电路包括用于驱动像素的薄膜晶体管(TFT)和用于存储像素值的像素电容器,其中,所述TFT包括具有浮置栅极的TFT。
2.如权利要求1所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,具有浮置栅极的所述TFT包括具有到所述TFT的栅极的一个或更多个连接的TFT,并且其中,所述栅极连接仅包括到所述TFT的所述栅极的电容耦合连接。
3.如权利要求2所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述电容耦合栅极连接包括具有两个板的栅极连接电容器,其中,所述TFT包括源极-漏极金属层,其中,到所述TFT的所述栅极的所述电容耦合连接包括在所述源极-漏极金属层中图案化的连接,在所述源极-漏极金属层中图案化的所述连接包括所述栅极连接电容器的所述板中的一个,并且其中,所述TFT还包括栅极金属层,所述栅极金属层包括所述栅极连接电容器的所述板中的第二个。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述浮置栅极被与所述TFT集成。
5.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述浮置栅极具有相关的浮置栅极电容,并且其中,所述像素电容器包括所述浮置栅极电容。
6.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述器件包括有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器,并且其中,所述像素电路包括由所述浮置栅极TFT驱动的OLED。
7.如权利要求6所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述像素电路包括电压编程像素电路,并且其中,所述像素值包括阈值偏移电压值以使所述浮置栅极TFT的阈值电压偏移。
8.如权利要求7所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述浮置栅极TFT具有两个浮置栅极连接,并且其中,所述电压编程像素电路被配置为使用第一浮置栅极连接来调整所述阈值偏移电压值并使用第二浮置栅极连接来存储用于像素的编程电压。
9.如权利要求8所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述像素电路被配置为使得提供所述阈值电压偏移和所述编程电压的动作将编程电压存储在所述TFT的源极或漏极端子与所述浮置栅极之间的固有器件电容上。
10.如权利要求7、8或9所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述像素电路包括耦合到所述TFT的浮置栅极连接以提供所述像素内的光学反馈的光电二极管。
11.如权利要求6至10中的任一项所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,还包括控制电路以控制所述像素电路,所述控制电路具有两个循环,即第一循环和第二循环,在第一循环中控制所述OLED使其被关闭并将所述阈值偏移电压值存储在所述集成浮置栅极电容器上,在第二循环中由经所述阈值偏移电压值调整的编程电压来设置所述OLED的亮度。
12.如权利要求6所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述像素电路包括电流编程像素电路,并且其中,所述像素值包括与通过所述OLED的驱动电流对应的栅极-源极电压值,其基本上与施加于所述像素电路的编程电流成比例。
13.如权利要求12所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述TFT具有两个浮置栅极连接,即第一浮置栅极连接和第二浮置栅极连接,并且其中,所述电流编程像素电路被配置为使得所述浮置栅极连接中的一个包括到电容器的连接以存储电压以便调制所述TFT的有效阈值电压。
14.如权利要求13所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述第一浮置栅极连接被耦合到所述浮置栅极TFT的漏极连接。
15.如权利要求14所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述第一浮置栅极连接经由至少一个选择TFT耦合到所述TFT的所述漏极连接以使得所述像素电路能够被选择以用于由所述编程电路进行编程。
16.如权利要求13、14或15所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述像素电路包括耦合在浮置栅极TFT的漏极连接与所述第二浮置栅极连接之间的至少一个选择TFT。
17.如权利要求13、14或15所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述像素电路包括耦合在所述像素电路的偏压连接与所述第一浮置栅极连接之间的至少一个选择TFT。
18.如权利要求13至17中的任一项所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述像素电路包括耦合在所述第二浮置栅极连接与电流数据线之间以选择性地向所述像素电路提供所述编程电流的至少一个选择TFT。
19.如权利要求13至18中的任一项所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,还包括耦合在所述浮置栅极TFT和所述OLED之间的用于在所述像素驱动电路的编程期间禁用来自所述OLED的照明的禁用TFT。
20.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述浮置栅极TFT具有两个浮置栅极连接,并且其中,所述像素电路被配置为将所述输入端子中的一个用于所述浮置栅极TFT的有效阈值电压控制。
21.如权利要求20所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述像素电路被配置为使用所述浮置栅极连接中的另一个来启用所述有源矩阵像素的编程。
22.如权利要求20或21所述的有源矩阵光电子器件,其中,所述像素电路包括电流镜或电流复制电路,其包括所述浮置栅极TFT作为输入或输出晶体管。
23.一种驱动有机电致发光显示器的有源矩阵像素电路的方法,所述像素电路包括用于驱动像素的薄膜晶体管(TFT)和用于存储像素值的像素电容器,其中,所述TFT包括具有浮置栅极的TFT,其中,所述浮置栅极具有与源极电容相关的浮置栅极,所述方法包括对所述像素电路进行编程以将所述浮置栅极上的电压存储到源极电容器,其中,所述存储的电压限定所述有机电致发光显示元件的亮度。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中,所述浮置栅极TFT具有两个浮置栅极连接,并且其中,所述方法包括使用所述浮置栅极连接中的第一个对所述有机电致发光显示元件的所述亮度进行编程,并使用所述浮置栅极连接中的第二个来调制所述驱动TFT的阈值电压。
25.一种浮置栅极有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT),包括电容耦合到所述薄膜晶体管的浮置栅极的至少一个输入端子。
26.一种像素电路,包括权利要求25的浮置栅极有机薄膜晶体管,其中,所述电路缺少OTFT的漏极-源极金属层与所述OTFT的栅极金属层之间的过孔。
CN2008801216970A 2007-11-02 2008-10-29 有源矩阵光电子器件、像素电路及驱动像素电路的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101903936B (zh)

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CN103514834A (zh) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-15 台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司 用于显示器的像素
CN105161056A (zh) * 2012-06-29 2015-12-16 台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司 用于显示器的像素
CN103514834B (zh) * 2012-06-29 2016-06-08 台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司 用于显示器的像素
CN105161056B (zh) * 2012-06-29 2018-02-16 台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司 用于显示器的像素
CN103594059A (zh) * 2013-11-29 2014-02-19 中国科学院上海高等研究院 有源矩阵有机发光二极管像素驱动电路及其驱动方法
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CN110808009A (zh) * 2013-12-06 2020-02-18 伊格尼斯创新公司 显示装置和方法
CN106169285A (zh) * 2015-05-21 2016-11-30 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 驱动多个光源
CN106169285B (zh) * 2015-05-21 2019-02-19 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 驱动多个光源
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CN106057911A (zh) * 2016-08-17 2016-10-26 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 一种薄膜晶体管及其制备方法、逻辑电路
CN106842278A (zh) * 2017-01-19 2017-06-13 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种msm光电检测装置及其驱动方法、x射线探测器
CN106842278B (zh) * 2017-01-19 2023-11-21 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种msm光电检测装置及其驱动方法、x射线探测器
CN114762031A (zh) * 2019-10-01 2022-07-15 巴科股份有限公司 用于led或oled显示器的驱动器及驱动电路

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US8314756B2 (en) 2012-11-20
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