CN101899651B - 用于应力SiN薄膜的氨基乙烯基硅烷前体 - Google Patents

用于应力SiN薄膜的氨基乙烯基硅烷前体 Download PDF

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CN101899651B
CN101899651B CN2009102468369A CN200910246836A CN101899651B CN 101899651 B CN101899651 B CN 101899651B CN 2009102468369 A CN2009102468369 A CN 2009102468369A CN 200910246836 A CN200910246836 A CN 200910246836A CN 101899651 B CN101899651 B CN 101899651B
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V·沃萨
A·D·约翰逊
萧满超
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Versum Materials US LLC
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于应力SiN薄膜的氨基乙烯基硅烷前体,并且还涉及一种提高等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)氮化硅(SiN)和碳氮化硅(SiCN)薄膜中的本征压应力的方法,包括从基于氨基乙烯基硅烷的前体沉积所述薄膜。更具体地,本发明使用选自式:[RR1N]xSiR3 y(R2)z的基于氨基乙烯基硅烷的前体,其中x+y+z=4,x=1-3,y=0-2以及z=1-3;R、R1和R3可以是氢、C1-C10烷烃、烯烃或C4-C12芳香基团;各个R2为乙烯基、烯丙基或包含乙烯基的官能团。

Description

用于应力SiN薄膜的氨基乙烯基硅烷前体
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张于11/12/2008申请的美国临时专利申请序列号61/113,624的权利。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高在氮化硅(SiN)和碳氮化硅(SiCN)薄膜的等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)中本征压应力的方法。
背景技术
本发明属于集成电路制造领域以及特别是薄膜中结构的材料,所述薄膜与集成电路中的电子器件相邻接或为之一部分,例如晶体管、电容、导通孔(vias)、导电线路以及母线(buss bars)。由于此类电子器件的尺寸持续不断缩小以及此类器件在给定区域内的密度增加,与此类电子器件相邻接或为之一部分的薄膜势必要显示出更高的电特性。设计应力(design stress)到此类薄膜中可以改变它们的电特性。目前使用PECVD氮化硅薄膜的应力工程设计来增进前沿金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)技术的性能。器件速度已经通过应用沉积在MOSFET栅极结构顶部上的高应力SiN薄膜得到显著增加。通过空穴迁移率的提高,压应力(compressive stresss)增强了“P”型场效应晶体管(pFET)器件,同时,通过电子迁移率的提高,张应力有益于“N”型场效应晶体管(nFET)器件。应力是由相接触的两种材料之间热膨胀的差异产生。等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)氮化硅薄膜通常产生压应力。目前,使用硅烷和氨沉积压应力薄膜,据报道压应力至多达~-3.5千兆帕斯卡(GPa)。更进一步提高压应力变得特别具挑战性。本行业目前的目标为具有-4GPa或更高压应力的薄膜。
与该技术相关的专利包括:US 2006/0045986、EP 1 630 249、US2006/0258173、EP 1 724 373、US 7288145、US 7122222、US20060269692、WO2006/127462及US2008/0146007,以及参考文献“Methods of producing plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride thin films with high compressiveand tensile stress.”,M.Belyansky等,J.Vac.Sci.Technol.A 26(3),517(2008)。
发明内容
本发明是一种提高等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)氮化硅(SiN)和碳氮化硅(SiCN)薄膜中本征压应力(intrinsic compressive stress)的方法,包括从基于氨基乙烯基硅烷的前体沉积所述薄膜。
更具体地,本发明使用选自式:[RR1N]xSiR3 y(R2)z的基于氨基乙烯基硅烷的前体,
其中x+y+z=4,x=1-3,y=0-2以及z=1-3;R、R1和R3可以是氢、C1-C10烷烃(基)、烯烃(基)或C4-C12芳香基团;各个R2为乙烯基、烯丙基或包含乙烯基的官能团。
附图说明
图1A和B为本发明的化学前体物质的结构式的描述。
图2为在多种工艺条件下通过BIPAVMS和氨的PECVD沉积形成的薄膜的应力值图。
图3为使用BIPAVMS和氨以PECVD沉积的氮化硅薄膜的FTIR谱。
图4为描绘氮键接氢(NHx)与硅键接氢(SiH)含量的比值相对于薄膜应力的图。
图5为描绘NHx和SiH含量相对于薄膜应力的图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供基于氨基乙烯基硅烷的前体作为提高等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)氮化硅(SiN)和碳氮化硅(SiCN)薄膜中的本征压应力的方法。这些氨基乙烯基硅烷前体的主要特征为一或两个键接到中心硅原子的乙烯基官能团。所述前体具有以下通式:[RR1N]xSiR3 y(R2)z
其中x+y+z=4,x=1-3,y=0-2,以及z=1-3。R、R1和R3可以为氢、C1到C10烷烃(基)、烯烃(基)或C4-C12芳香基团;各个R2为乙烯基、烯丙基或其它包含乙烯基的官能团。发现将乙烯基基团加入到氨基硅烷提高了使用这些前体沉积的SiN和SiCN薄膜的本征压应力。
所述氨基乙烯基硅烷前体包括但不限于双(异丙基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷(BIPAVNS)、双(异丙基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷(BIPADVS)、双(异丙基氨基)乙烯基硅烷、双(异丙基氨基)烯丙基甲基硅烷、双(异丙基氨基)二烯丙基硅烷、双(异丙基氨基)烯丙基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基氨基)乙烯基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基氨基)烯丙基甲基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基氨基)二烯丙基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基氨基)烯丙基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)乙烯基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)烯丙基甲基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)二烯丙基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)烯丙基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)乙烯基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)烯丙基甲基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)二烯丙基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)烯丙基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)乙烯基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)烯丙基甲基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)二烯丙基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)烯丙基硅烷、二哌啶基乙烯基甲基硅烷、二哌啶基二乙烯基硅烷、二哌啶基乙烯基硅烷、二哌啶基烯丙基甲基硅烷、二哌啶基二烯丙基硅烷、二哌啶基烯丙基硅烷、二吡咯烷基乙烯基甲基硅烷、二吡咯烷基二乙烯基硅烷、二吡咯烷基乙烯基硅烷、二吡咯烷基烯丙基甲基硅烷、二吡咯烷基二烯丙基硅烷、二吡咯烷基烯丙基硅烷。
试验中所使用的具体前体为双(异丙基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷(BIPAVMS)。另一类似前体为双(异丙基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷(BIPADVS)。
目前使用PECVD氮化硅薄膜的应力工程设计来增进前沿(cuttingedge)MOSFET技术的性能。器件速度已经通过应用沉积在MOSFET栅结构顶部上的高应力SiN薄膜得到显著增加。通过空穴迁移率的提高,压应力增强了pFET器件,同时,通过电子迁移率的提高,张应力有益于nFET器件。由相接触的两种材料之间热膨胀的差异产生应力。PECVD氮化硅薄膜通常生成压应力。目前,使用硅烷和氨沉积压应力薄膜,据报道压应力至多达~-3.5GPa。更进一步提高压应力变得特别具挑战性。本行业目前的目标为具有-4GPa或更高压应力的薄膜。
-4GPa压应力薄膜的目标可以通过使用上述的氨基乙烯基硅烷前体来实现。在本发明中,可以获得-0.7到-4.5GPa(-700到-4500MPa)的压应力。到目前为止,应力生成方面的增加大多数是通过工艺技术,例如等离子表面处理、多层沉积、双频等离子以及其他类似方法。本发明最先特别地使用特定类型的含硅前体来增加薄膜应力。
标准沉积方法具有它们可产生的应力值的限制。应力的目前目标对于张应力为1.5GPa以及对于压应力为-4GPa。
已经观察到SiN薄膜中更高的氢掺入导致更高的压应力。我们认为使用氨基乙烯基硅烷例如BIPADVS和BIPAVMS沉积的PECVD SiN薄膜可以由于全氢掺入以及此外通过氢掺入的类型(即氮键接的氢与硅键接的氢)而产生高的压应力。我们已经说明对于双(叔丁基氨基)硅烷(BTBAS)以及BIPAVMS二者,压应力与N-H对Si-H的比值呈强相关,具有高的N-H对Si-H比值会导致更高的压应力。使用氨基硅烷与氨的混合物沉积的薄膜通过转氨反应自然地导致含有高N-H比Si-H含量的薄膜。
此外,已经发现含有乙烯基官能团的氨基硅烷例如BIPADVS和BIPAVMS更进一步提高所述压应力。乙烯基基团在生成薄膜应力方面起重要作用。在等离子情况下,碳-碳双键可以形成交联点,其通过使原子保持靠近而提高薄膜的密度。所述前体的Si-H键以氢化硅烷化反应与碳-碳双键反应,在硅原子之间形成亚乙基桥。亚乙基桥使所述硅原子保持靠近,以及因而被氨替代,以及该过程帮助Si-N-Si结构的形成。
Figure G2009102468369D00041
本发明涉及通过使用该特定类别的氨基硅烷前体即氨基乙烯基硅烷采用PEVCD来沉积高应力氮化硅(SiN)薄膜或碳氮化硅(SiCN)薄膜从而克服本征应力产生的限制。发现将乙烯基基团加入到氨基硅烷提高使用这些前体沉积的SiN和SiCN薄膜的本征压应力。
为了沉积压应力氮化硅或碳氮化硅薄膜,将所述氨基乙烯基硅烷在500℃或以下的晶片温度下于PECVD室中与含氮气体反应。所述含氮气体可以为氨气、氮气或其组合。另外,可以引入稀释气体例如但不限于He、Ar、Ne、Xe或氢气以改善所述薄膜性能。例如,将双(异丙基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷(BIPAVMS)(图1A)或双(异丙基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷(BIPADVS)(图1B)与氨引入PECVD室并使它们反应,导致压应力SiN薄膜的沉积,合适的BIPAVMS流速可以在50到大约1000mg/min的范围内变化。合适的氨气和/或氮气流速可以在500到10,000sccm的范围内变化,以及所述稀释气体可以在50到50,000sccm范围内变化。
实施例
在下表1中获得的操作A-F的沉积条件以及相应的薄膜应力,如下所示。沉积温度为400C。在这些实施例中,从沉积到介质电阻率(8-12Ωcm)单晶硅晶片基底上的样品薄膜获取性能。所有沉积在配备有Advanced Energy 2000 RF发生器的200mm DXZ室中在Applied Materials Precision 5000系统上进行。所述等离子体是单频13.56MHz。
在表1实施例中,厚度和光学性质,例如所述介电膜的折射率在SCI FilmtekReflectometer上测定。所述折射率使用632nm波长光测定。在氮气吹扫过的小室中使用Thermo Nicolet 750系统在所述晶片上收集Fourier InfraredSpectroscopy(FTIR)数据。本底谱图在类似介质电阻率晶片上收集以从所述谱图消除CO2和水。数据通过以4cm-1的分辨率在4000到400cm-1范围内收集32个扫描值获得。使用OMNIC软件包处理所述数据。薄膜应力测量使用激光光束散射工具(Toho Technology Corp.,Model:FLX2320S)获得。
表1
薄膜 BIPAVMS流   NH3  P   功率   应力
(mg/min)   (sccm)  (Torr)   (W)   (MPa)
A 250   2500  2.5   400   -1849
B 250   1250  2.5   400   -934
C 250   2500  4   400   -757
D 250   2500  2.5   600   -2249
E 125   2500  2.5   400   -2357
F 125   2500  2.5   600   -2260
在400℃下使用双(异丙基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷和氨而沉积的氮化硅薄膜的薄膜应力数据示于图2。所述薄膜在多种工艺条件,例如前体和气体流速、压力和RF功率下沉积。所述薄膜是单层,厚度在100到350nm的范围内。所述等离子体使用单频13.56MHz生成。这些薄膜的压应力在-700到-2400兆帕斯卡(MPa)范围内变化。在可比较的工艺条件下,这些薄膜产生比BTBAS高~1.5到1.8倍的压应力。
图3说明来自图2的具有最低(薄膜C)和最高(薄膜E)压应力的薄膜的FTIR谱。这两种薄膜均显示出类似强度的NHx拉伸和弯曲模式。但是,在~2190cm-1处SiH峰存在明显的差异,因而表示主要区别在于氢是否键接至氮或硅。
图4描述NHx与SiH的比值与应力之间的相互关系。由此图可以看出,应力伴随着更高的NHx与SiH比值而增加。优选地,所沉积的薄膜具有25到85的N-H与Si-H比值,最优选70。
图5描述了氮键接的氢(NHx)与应力之间的以及硅键接的氢与应力之间的相互关系。这些数据表明除了高含量的NHx部分之外SiH基团的减少在高水平压应力的产生中是重要的。来源于NHx部分的氢含量在2.9到3.5H含量/cm3×1022,优选3.3到3.6H含量/cm3×1022的范围内增加压应力。
实验数据表明具有更高应力值的薄膜未发现含有碳。推断所述碳被氨侵蚀失去,其与所述前体相比是高过量的。在更高应力SiN薄膜中,更多Si-H键被乙烯基的氢化硅烷化所去除,以及通过以氨去除亚乙基桥而被N-H替代。
实施例2
在列于表1的工艺条件A下,使用非乙烯基前体(例如BTBAS)的薄膜的应力比(BIPAVMS)的更低。
表2
前体   厚度(nm) 沉积速率(nm/min) RI 应力(MPa)
BIPAVMS   208 13.9 1.97 -1849
BTBAS   136 13.6 1.97 -1034
实施例3
在列于表1的工艺条件A下,除了可选的工具和喷气头(showerhead)结构之外,当前体中乙烯基基团的数目增加时,所沉积的薄膜的应力增加。
表3
 前体 乙烯基基团 应力(MPa)
 BIPAVMS 1 -1200
 BIPADVS 2 -1705

Claims (12)

1.一种提高在氮化硅(SiN)和碳氮化硅(SiCN)薄膜的等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)中的本征压应力的方法,包括从选自以下的前体沉积所述薄膜,其中所述前体选自以下前体:
双(异丙基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷、双(异丙基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷、双(异丙基氨基)乙烯基硅烷、双(异丙基氨基)烯丙基甲基硅烷、双(异丙基氨基)二烯丙基硅烷、双(异丙基氨基)烯丙基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基氨基)乙烯基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基氨基)烯丙基甲基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基氨基)二烯丙基硅烷、双(叔丁基氨基氨基)烯丙基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)乙烯基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)烯丙基甲基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)二烯丙基硅烷、双(二乙基氨基)烯丙基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)乙烯基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)烯丙基甲基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)二烯丙基硅烷、双(二甲基氨基)烯丙基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)乙烯基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)烯丙基甲基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)二烯丙基硅烷、双(甲基乙基氨基)烯丙基硅烷、二哌啶基乙烯基甲基硅烷、二哌啶基二乙烯基硅烷、二哌啶基乙烯基硅烷、二哌啶基烯丙基甲基硅烷、二哌啶基二烯丙基硅烷、二哌啶基烯丙基硅烷、二吡咯烷基乙烯基甲基硅烷、二吡咯烷基二乙烯基硅烷、二吡咯烷基乙烯基硅烷、二吡咯烷基烯丙基甲基硅烷、二吡咯烷基二烯丙基硅烷和二吡咯烷基烯丙基硅烷,
或者由以下通式所表示的其他前体:
[RR1N]xSiR3 y(R2)z
其中x+y+z=4,x=2,y=0-1以及z=1-2;R、R1和R3可以是氢、C1-C10烷烃或烯烃;各个R2为乙烯基或烯丙基。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述前体选自双(异丙基氨基)乙烯基甲基硅烷、双(异丙基氨基)二乙烯基硅烷及其混合物。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述沉积是通过将含氮反应物与所述前体反应来进行的。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述含氮反应物选自氨气、氮气及其混合物。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述沉积在400-500℃的温度下进行。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述沉积在稀释气体的存在下进行,所述稀释气体选自氦气、氩气、氖气、氙气及其混合物。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述前体的流速为50到1000mg/min。
8.权利要求3的方法,其中所述含氮反应物的流速为500到10,000sccm。
9.权利要求6的方法,其中所述稀释气体的流速为50到50,000sccm。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中所述沉积薄膜具有-700到-2400MPa的压应力。
11.权利要求1的方法,其中所述沉积薄膜具有25到85的N-H对Si-H比值。
12.权利要求1的方法,其中所述沉积薄膜具有3.3到3.6范围的衍生于N-H的H含量/cm3×1022
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