CN101889504B - One-dibble-multi-strain maize interplanting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a one-dibble-multi-strain maize interplanting method, belonging to the planting method of crop. The method comprises the following steps: performing land preparation, selecting seeds, seeding in good time, fertilizing and performing field management, wherein the interplanting of maize and soybean can be performed in a mode of two lines of maize and one line of soybean, one-dibble-multi-strain is adopted, the line width between maize and between maize and soybean is 60cm; close planting resistant good strains are adopted, high and low crops are combined to perform stereo-cultivation; space and light energy are fully utilized, the defects of sole cropping are corrected; compared with the traditional sole cropping, the yield per unit of maize is increased by about 50%, 520kg/mu of soybean can be obtained; the benefit of the method is remarkable; and the method adopts mechanized planting, thus time and labor can be saved, crops can be planted uniformly, thinning is not needed and the final-period management is convenient.

Description

One one-dibble-multi-strain maize interplanting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of planting method of crops, an especially a kind of one-dibble-multi-strain maize interplanting method.

Background technology

The food problem difficult problem that become international in recent years, Shijiazhuang is one of national corn with high yield district, sowing area reaches ten thousand mu of 460-470, average yield per mu 400-500kg, in Hebei province so the whole nation also be corn belt.But per unit area yield fluctuates in recent years, agriculture technical staff is many to be focused on notice breeding of new variety, selects for use, certain effect of increasing production is also arranged, but there is not breakthrough kind in recent years, some experts and scholars explores in raising density, facts have proved that in the traditional cultivation method density breaks through 5000 strain/mus, cause that very easily large tracts of land seriously lodges.

In the fields, a very general phenomenon is arranged, be exactly long good of the corn in edge of a field rand and the place that is short of seedling, fringe is big, full grains, this phenomenon is called as limit row advantage, so, utilizes limit row advantage, whether just can improve output? on March 21st, 2003 is by the Chinese patent " an one-dibble-multi-strain maize planting method " of Mr. Yu Zhanqing invention, its patent No.: ZL0311253.6 utilizes a kind of corn planting method of the principle invention of this limit row advantage exactly, and this method comprises successively: seed selection, sowing, steps such as fertilising, its line-spacing 90-120cm, the cave is apart from 36-50cm, and every cave seed grain is counted the 3-4 grain, utilizes the potential competition ability that has between the crop, excite maize root system to underground growth, fully absorb underground water, the staggered growth of root system strengthens the corn lodging tolerance between the corn, roomy line-spacing has increased the field permeability.Taking full advantage of of favourable light, heat, water, gas resource improved the meeting of corn pollination machine, makes the field have good moisture capacity and warmth retention property, and the growth of more favourable corn reaching the high yield good harvest.

Soybean demand in recent years is in rising year by year, and bean product, oil expression make to the demand of soybean more and more, but because planting patterns is limit, and per unit area yield is not high always, and benefit is low, the peasant generally is reluctant to plant.

If corn row interplant soybean, can make corn performance limit row advantage, again can interplant of bean, solve the demand gap of soybean, simultaneously, can also improve the per mu yield income.At present, the existing special seeder that is suitable for the interplanting of rice beans, wherein state's invention patent No. is 200910169205.1, this patent comprises by the tactic plough 1 of direction of advance, covering device 12, packer 11, vertical seed plate 2 is communicated with above plough, and seed-box 9 is communicated with vertical seed plate and the side of being located thereon.Vertical seeding rim is the some seeding units of distribution circumferentially, the corresponding sowing hole of each seeding unit.Seeding unit comprises type hole group and the synchronized of charging seed, type hole group has a plurality ofly fills kind of type hole or fills kind of position and form, and every hole can be broadcast many seeds, and the synchronized of charging seed is one seed inlet and the cavity structure body of charging seed mouthful, seed inlet is communicated with type hole group, and the mouth of charging seed has the synchronized baffle plate of charging seed that can swing.This special seeder operation principle is: packer drives seed plate by transmission mechanism, before charging seed, the synchronized baffle plate hunting range of charging seed is limited by seeds protecting plate, when charging seed, the synchronized baffle plate of charging seed forwards seeds protecting plate lower opening place to, and the synchronized baffle plate of charging seed is broken away from restriction and opened rapidly, realizes the purpose of charging seed synchronously, seed-box is realized synchronous seeding and fertilizing as fertilizer can.

Summary of the invention

The technical issues that need to address of the present invention provide a kind of corn and soybean intercropping, per unit area yield output height separately, the tangible one-dibble-multi-strain maize interplanting method of benefit.

For addressing the above problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

An a kind of one-dibble-multi-strain maize interplanting method comprises whole ground, chooses seeds, begins sowing in good time, fertilising, field management, wherein:

1. corn is selected short bar, output height, good, the anti-dense planting of rice matter, corn improved seeds resistant to lodging; Soybean is selected the utility rate of luminous energy height, and the maturing stage is short, the development of plant tower, the kind of lanceolata type;

2. sowing time:

Summer corn:

Be selected in the middle the first tenday period of a month in the June after the wheat harvest, be no more than June 20; Type of seeding is: corn two row, soybean delegation, the adjacent corn in soybean row both sides capable with the soybean every trade apart from 60cm, line-spacing 60cm between the two row corns, hole be apart from 36cm, 3 strains/hole, spacing in the rows 5cm in the hole; The soybean hole is apart from 18cm, 3-4 strain/hole; Use special seeder to sow simultaneously;

Spring corn:

Carry out by the various places spring corn sowing time, type of seeding is identical with summer corn;

3. fertilizer is selected composite fertilizer for use, and 40 kilograms of fertilizer application norm corns, 30 kilograms of soybean apply when being sowed by special seeder, for the below average plot, increases consumption 10%-15%;

4. the root once grass that goes out is earlier removed with grass in the plot, emerges the last week at corn and soybean, removes the root once grass that goes out with grass again; The plant strain growth phase is adopted herbicides special--No. 1 ,-wonderful recipe, and weeds are carried out one-time weeding;

5. find when infested, adopt the deinsectization of general character preventive and therapeutic effect medicament; When adopting single preventive and therapeutic effect medicament, strictly use by points for attention;

6. after finding smut of maize, remove the elimination source of infection immediately;

7. implement the short technology of chemical controlization during to visible 7-9 sheet leaf at corn growth.

Summer corn is selected Zheng Dan 958 series for use among the present invention, a kind of in soybean is selected five-pointed star for use No. 2, No. 1, stone beans, Ji beans 17; Composite fertilizer or the prosperous composite fertilizer of wealth during fertilizer is selected for use and raised.

The beneficial effect that adopts technique scheme to produce is: the present invention selects the good summer corn kind of the high yield of anti-dense planting and soybean intercropping for use, height combination, vertical cultivation, take full advantage of space and luminous energy, remedy the deficiency of nonoculture, compare with traditional corn nonoculture, not only the corn per unit area yield increases about 50%, also can overcharge about 260 jin/mu of soybean, the benefit highly significant, the present invention adopts mechanized cultivation, time saving and energy saving, plantation does not evenly need thinning, and final-period management is convenient.

Embodiment

Below the present invention is made and describe in further detail: it is main cultivar with corn that the present invention plants method for planting, is attached cultivar with soybean, takes the height combination, and the mode of vertical cultivation increases per unit area yield, improves gross output.

The present invention includes whole ground, choose seeds, begin sowing in good time, fertilising, field management, wherein:

1) selection of corn variety

1. corn stigma select big granule evenly, germination rate is more than 95%, purity is more than 96%, and adapts to the improved seeds of corn growth, to guarantee the maturation of corn; 2. to select to like the corn variety of close type, strong stress resistance; 3. require to lift on the blade, the relative narrow leaf of blade; 4. degree of shrink is strong, and rice matter is good; 5. variety yield is higher; 6. require short bar, resistant to lodging;

According to above-mentioned requirements,, Zheng Dan 958 single 20 to tucking in, Great Wall 306, seven kinds such as gold is sincere 213, No. 1, No. 4, Feng Yu, calabash shell serving as a dipper jade 18, Ji Nong are tested in the experimental field, according to experimental data, preferred Zheng Dan 958 series of productss.

2) selection of soybean varieties

1. soybean is selected the utility rate of luminous energy height, the development of plant tower, the kind of lanceolata type; 2. the kind of limited, inferior limited knot Lay habit; 3. resistance and adaptable kind; 4. allocate and convergence type development kind; 5. the maturing stage is at 90-105 days, plant height 70-100 centimetre;

According to above-mentioned requirements, by field experiment, the improved seeds such as No. 2, No. 1, stone beans, Ji beans 17 that optimize five-pointed star.

3) sowing time

Summer corn:

Sowing time is selected in last, the middle ten days in June after the wheat harvest, must not surpass June 20 at the latest; Sow simultaneously with soybean.

Spring corn:

Carry out the same summer corn of type of seeding by the various places spring corn sowing time.

4) seeding method

Utilize the plantation of " limit row advantage " principle, corn is taked two row systems, and the line-spacing of duplicate rows corn is 60 centimetres, and corn planting is 120 centimetres of (middle soybean delegation) line-spacings at interval, make the duplicate rows corn all be in limit row state; The corn planting hole is apart from 36 centimetres; Several 3 strains of corn planting strain/hole (cave); Spacing in the rows remains on 5cm in the hole, and mu is protected strain and counted 6300-6500.

Soybean is taked single file system, the centre position plantation soybean of corn planting spaced rows apart from 120 centimetres; Sow together in company with corn; Hole is apart from 18cm, and every hole (cave) sowing grain number is the 3-4 grain; It is the 12000-20000 strain that mu is protected the strain number.

5) fertilising

Fertilizer is selected for use and can be selected corn fertilizer or composite fertilizer, selects special-purposely when fertile, and mu is with special-purpose fertile 40-50 kilogram, and with kind using 60%, the combination of typhon mouth phase is watered and imposed 30%, imposes granulated fertilizer 10% after the pollination when wherein sowing.

Fertilizer is preferentially selected long-acting slow composite fertilizer for use, 40 kilograms of mu fertilising consumption corns, and long-acting slow composite fertilizer is disposable to apply in the ground with corn sowing time, by special seeder operation (patent applied for, the patent No.: 200910169205.1); As obtaining higher output, can impose 15 kilograms of instant nitrogenousfertilizers vegetative period; For barren plot, can enrich 10 kilograms of composite fertilizers; 30 kilograms/mu of soybean are executed in the ground with special seeder is disposable, and belonging to the below average soil fertility as the plot can increase fertilizer application amount 10-15%; Certainly, join execute a certain amount of farmyard manure effect can be better.Fertilization depth is by special seeder (adjusted is to normal place) control, without human intervention.

Use experiment through various composite fertilizers, draw more excellent fertilizer: composite fertilizer or prosperous many strains of the hole composite fertilizer of wealth in raising.

Except above-mentioned relatively more crucial several points also electedly, field management steps such as weeding, deinsectization, the present invention adapts to the Northeast, Huang, Huaihe River, extra large corn producing region, the concrete adaptation, economize (city, district) and be black, Ji, the Liao Dynasty, Ji, Henan, Shandong, Tianjin, Anhui, Soviet Union etc.;

6) choosing ground

Reach northeastward the Yellow River and Huai He River Haiti district every can maize planting and the plot of soybean all can adopt the inventive method plantation, the Northeast can directly sow with sowing in spring on request, the plot after the wheat harvest is generally selected in the Yellow River and Huai He River sea area, when cultivating such as the wheat crops for rotation can stubble-cleaning best, the plot of the Huan that can not go out requires to accomplish following several requirements.

1. it is careless to go root to go out once with grass behind the stubble-cleaning;

2. emerge the last week at corn and soybean, remove the root grass (no matter have or not grass, all will go out once, can eliminate weeds propagation and widespread after seedling stage substantially) that goes out once with grass again;

3. as the plot of unconditional stubble-cleaning, with the grass once grass that goes out that digs up the roots.

7) field weeding

Because the particularity of culture technique of the present invention (plant between unifacial leaf and dicotyledon and mix) must adopt herbicides special, such as No. 1, wonderful recipe, the weeds in intercropping plot are carried out one-time weeding get final product, need not other weed killer herbicides.

8) deinsectization

Because the particularity of culture technique of the present invention, the medicament of general character preventive and therapeutic effect are pressed the consumption standard in use and the explanation use gets final product; The medicament of single preventive and therapeutic effect uses by points for attention in use, and is inaccurate wrong; Acidity and the basic agent of general general knowledge must not mix use;

9) diseases prevention

Smut of maize is a kind of common disease, in case after finding, should remove (buried or burn with fire) immediately, the elimination source of infection.

10) chemical controlization is short

Implement the short technology of chemical controlization at corn growth during to visible 7-9 sheet leaf, 20-30 centimetre of corncob position falls in whole strain chemical control, and chemical control promotes the corn harmonic growth, the not bald point of corncob, and head progeny row grain number increases the 3-5 grain.More than 200 jin, guarantee effect of increasing production by chemical control, the short measure mu volume increase of change.

The present invention is scientific and reasonable utilizes limited land resources, takes full advantage of room and time; Underground and the acrial part of utilizing of science can be for the resource of corn and soybean growth; Fully play biology rule and the characteristic of corn and soybean, reach the purpose of volume increase, synergy, the present invention adopts the mechanization automatic job, disposable the broadcasting of corn, soybean and fertilizer executed in the ground, need not manual work, also need not artificial thinning, realize agricultural modernization, mechanization production, liberate the productive forces.

The experimental data of this high-yield planting pattern of the present invention:

The corn average yield per mu reaches 1685 jin, than 558 jin of traditional cropping pattern volume increase; Volume increase about 50%, the soybean per mu yield on average obtains 268 jin, belongs to the inclined to one side part of must producing effects.

Above data are the time 2007,2008 and 2009 3 years, in the your name city in Hebei province, the average result of counties such as Chengan County, Yutian County, city's test;

Test and computational methods: three repetitions have all been established in each test, get the average result of three repetitions, the average result in three counties, city has been carried out arithmetic mean calculating then after, and the arithmetic mean of obtaining.

Claims (2)

1. one-dibble-multi-strain maize interplanting method comprises whole ground, chooses seeds, begins sowing in good time, fertilising, field management, it is characterized in that:

1. corn is selected short bar, output height, good, the anti-dense planting of rice matter, corn improved seeds resistant to lodging; Soybean is selected the utility rate of luminous energy height, and the maturing stage is short, the development of plant tower, the kind of lanceolata type;

2. sowing time:

Summer corn:

Be selected in the middle the first tenday period of a month in the June after the wheat harvest, be no more than June 20; Type of seeding is: corn two row, soybean delegation, the adjacent corn in soybean row both sides capable with the soybean every trade apart from 60cm, line-spacing 60cm between the two row corns, hole be apart from 36cm, 3 strains/hole, spacing in the rows 5cm in the hole; The soybean hole is apart from 18cm, 3-4 strain/hole; Use special seeder to sow simultaneously;

Spring corn:

Carry out by the various places spring corn sowing time, type of seeding is identical with summer corn;

3. fertilizer is selected composite fertilizer for use, and 40 kilograms of fertilizer application norm corns, 30 kilograms of soybean apply when being sowed by special seeder, for the below average plot, increases consumption 10%-15%;

4. the root once grass that goes out is earlier removed with grass in the plot, emerges the last week at corn and soybean, removes the root once grass that goes out with grass again; The plant strain growth phase is adopted herbicides special--No. 1 ,-wonderful recipe, and weeds are carried out one-time weeding;

5. find when infested, adopt the deinsectization of general character preventive and therapeutic effect medicament; When adopting single preventive and therapeutic effect medicament, strictly use by points for attention;

6. after finding smut of maize, remove the elimination source of infection immediately;

7. implement the short technology of chemical controlization during to visible 7-9 sheet leaf at corn growth.

2. an one-dibble-multi-strain maize interplanting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that summer corn selects Zheng Dan 958 series for use, a kind of in soybean is selected five-pointed star for use No. 2, No. 1, stone beans, Ji beans 17.