CN101707991B - Artificial spawning and breeding device suitable for piercing-sucking small insects - Google Patents

Artificial spawning and breeding device suitable for piercing-sucking small insects Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101707991B
CN101707991B CN 200910155767 CN200910155767A CN101707991B CN 101707991 B CN101707991 B CN 101707991B CN 200910155767 CN200910155767 CN 200910155767 CN 200910155767 A CN200910155767 A CN 200910155767A CN 101707991 B CN101707991 B CN 101707991B
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cavity
film
opening
sidewall
diameter
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CN101707991A (en
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黄芳
郦卫弟
林文彩
吕要斌
章金明
贝亚维
张治军
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Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention provides an artificial spawning and breeding device suitable for piercing-sucking small insects, which comprises a first cavity and a second cavity, wherein the first cavity is positioned on an upper side and stores culture fluid; the second cavity is positioned on a lower side and stocks insect adults; the first cavity comprises a cylindrical sidewall, an upper opening and a lower opening; the second cavity comprises the cylindrical sidewall; one end of the second cavity is provided with a sealed cavity bottom, while the other end is provided with an opening; the lower opening of the first cavity is connected with one end of the opening of the second cavity via a single-layer membrane which is 5 to 8 microns thick; the upper opening of the first cavity is covered by a cover which is provided with small holes for communicating the first cavity with ambient air; the sidewall of the second cavity comprises a cover hole for introducing the insect adults; the cover hole comprises a plug capable of opening or sealing the hole; and at the same time, the small holes for allowing air convection are symmetrically arranged on the sidewall of the second cavity. The device has simple operation and high spawning efficiency.

Description

A kind of artificial spawning of suitable piercing-sucking small insects and raising device
Technical field
The invention belongs to insect and raise the field, special, belong to small insect artificial feeding device.
Background technology
In agricultural production, the loss that insect pest causes is very great, and in fact, and the mouthpart of most of insect is mainly two types of pierce-suck type and chewing types.Because sucking pest is mouthpart to be thrust plant tissue take food, so in the process of carrying out the indoors artificial raising, generally all can only take to select the method for fresh plant tissue.Yet thereby the repeated relatively poor repeatability of chemicals treatment that causes of different plant parts or individuality is not good; Perhaps because test period is longer, the plant tissue that exsomatizes is difficult to fresh-keeping and causes result of the test unavailable etc.This has just increased the intractability of result of the test, even has limited the carrying out of part test.
Bemisia tabaci Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a kind of typical piercing sucking insect, belongs to the Homoptera Aleyrodidae, is a kind of worldwide important pests.Bemisia tabaci is inhaled water except direct thorn, cause plant weak outside, adult and nymph also secrete honeydew, bring out sooty mould, affect photosynthesis of plant, plant is lost eat and commodity value.It also can be propagated more than 70 in 30 various crop and plant virus in addition, so the economic loss that it causes crop is huge.Especially the Type B Bemisia tabaci is strong owing to its invasion property, egg laying amount is large, host range extensively reaches and passes malicious ability and become by force the most serious a kind of of present harm.Substitute and the mechanism of causing disaster has many reports for Type B Bemisia tabaci invasion, population, comprise ecological niche competition, host's adaptive capacity difference, asymmetric mating interaction, High Temperature Stress adaptive capacity difference, insecticide sensitivity difference, Bemisia tabaci and geminivirus infection mutual work and contain special endosymbiosis bacterium and build up resistance.At present, carried out a large amount of scientific researches for Bemisia tabaci, but mainly in adult.When Bemisia tabaci was laid eggs, the process that at first has a trial to take food attempted feasiblely just its ovum to be originated in foodstuff surface afterwards.The ovum of Bemisia tabaci is not the common foodstuff surface that is attached to, be the leaves of plants meat tissue but thrust food inside by a handle shape structure, there is Preliminary Study to find that this handle shape structure is a hollow pipeline, and proved that Cucumber can enter in the ovum by this pipeline; And the nutrition of ovum and external environment exchange or the mechanism that absorbs and indefinite, this just need to be by having a kind of device can carry ovum and can providing nutrition for the smooth growth of ovum.Traditional artificial membrane apparatus structure complexity of laying eggs operates loaded down with trivial detailsly, and egg laying amount is few, and the survival rate of ovum is low simultaneously, and this just need to provide a kind of artificial feeding that is suitable for piercing sucking insect and device of laying eggs newly, to avoid lay eggs these shortcomings of device of Traditional Man film.
The artificial feeding device of this piercing-sucking small insects is the effective ways of the ovisorption effect of research piercing-sucking small insects.Not only can utilize artificial feed to raise Bemisia tabaci by it, can also ovum is attached on the artificial material, and successfully grow.This helps more directly to understand different material to the effect of these ovum, thereby provides theoretical direction for the growth of controlling them.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above problems, the invention provides a kind of piercing-sucking small insects artificial membrane device that is suitable for, comprise, storage is cultivated the first cavity of liquid and one and is used for second cavity of putting adult in a suitable place to breed, and wherein, the first cavity comprises up and down two openings; The one end sealing of the second cavity, other end opening; The under shed of the first cavity is by the thick diaphragm seal of 5-8 μ m of individual layer; The upper shed of the first cavity is covered by a lid, has aperture to communicate with ambient atmosphere on the lid; Simultaneously, the first cavity is inserted in the second cavity by an end of diaphragm seal, and by this film the second cavity is divided into an independently loculus, and comprise a perforate of introducing small insects on this loculus, comprise on the opening that one can be opened or the stopper of sealed open.In a preferred mode, film is the Parafilm through tension The M film, and the thickness repeatability of stretching caudacoria is high.In another preferred mode, the first cavity and the second cavity are that the transparent polyvinyl chloride plastics consist of.Whether convenient like this adult or the larva of observing the cavity the inside survives, perhaps the convenient animation of observing them.
In a preferred mode, the diameter of the upper shed of the second cavity is greater than the diameter of the under shed of the first cavity, and the while is less than the diameter of the upper shed of the first cavity.
In a preferred mode, after an end of the first cavity upper film sealing was inserted into the second cavity, an end of the first cavity upper film sealing also can take out in the second cavity.Can conveniently take out like this and be attached to worm's ovum on the film, also make things convenient for the growing state of worm's ovum on the viewing film simultaneously.In a preferred mode, the first cavity of 1/2-1/4 is inserted in the second cavity.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a kind of piercing-sucking small insects artificial feeding new device that is suitable for, comprise, storage has the first cavity of cultivating liquid and one to be used for second cavity of putting adult in a suitable place to breed, wherein, the first cavity comprises sidewall cylindraceous and two openings up and down; The second cavity comprises sidewall cylindraceous, the cavity bottom of end sealing and the opening of an end; The under shed of the first cavity is that the film of the individual layer of 5-8 μ m covers by thickness; The upper shed of the first cavity is covered by a lid, comprises the aperture that allows the first cavity communicate with ambient atmosphere on the lid; Comprise a lid hole of introducing adult on the sidewall of the second cavity, contain one on the lid hole and can open or the stopper of seal and opening, be symmetrical arranged at the sidewall of the second cavity simultaneously and allow the aperture of gaseous exchange.
In a preferred mode, wherein, the first cavity is positioned at the second cavity by an end of diaphragm seal, and allow the sidewall of the first cavity and the sidewall close contact of the second cavity, this film is divided into an independently loculus to the second cavity simultaneously, comprises the described aperture that allows gaseous exchange on this loculus.Better, an end of the first cavity upper film sealing can be inserted into the second cavity, and simultaneously, after being inserted into, an end of the first cavity upper film sealing also can take out in the second cavity.Best, the first cavity of 1/2-1/4 is arranged in the second cavity.
In the other mode, the diameter of the aperture on the lid can be the 0.5-1 millimeter.The first cavity also can following size, and for example, the diameter of the upper shed of the first cavity is 46mm, and the diameter of under shed is 36mm; Sidewall length is 30mm.
In some other modes, spend for the film of the individual layer of 5-8 μ m according to following method preparation: clamp respectively Parafilm with two glass plates The both sides of M film, slowly evenly the distance of cross directional stretch two plates to original 5 times; Remove glass plate and clamp respectively Parafilm with two glass plates again The other both sides of M film, more slowly evenly the distance of cross directional stretch two plates to original 5 times.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of method that Bemisia tabaci is laid eggs that is suitable for, comprise providing the novel artificial film device of laying eggs into front described Bemisia tabaci, handle assembly is positioned in the climatic cabinate and cultivates, the condition of cultivating is 27 ± 1 ℃, and humidity is 75%, and the photoperiod is to be illumination/interlunation 1.
Apparatus of the present invention are fit to the piercing-sucking small insects of any kind, including, but not limited to Bemisia tabaci, such as other aleyrodid classes, thrips class, Phytophthira etc.
Beneficial effect
Device construction of the present invention is simple, easily makes, and is fit to simultaneously raise small insect, is particularly suitable for raising the small insects with sucking mouth parts, and is used for studying its life habit, provides important theoretical foundation for preventing and treating its harm; In addition, use this device easily to change nutrient liquid, can allow liquid comprehensive engagement film, while can conveniently regulate nutrition or the height of raising liquid in the first cavity, to seek the parameter of best nutrient liquid; Moreover, utilize this device spawning efficiency high, take Bemisia tabaci as example, the egg laying amount of per 30 pairs of Bemisia tabaci can reach the 200-300 grain, and the hatching of ovum or survival rate also improve greatly simultaneously, can reach 94-99%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the lay eggs perspective view of the first cavity of device of artificial membrane;
Fig. 2 is the lay eggs perspective view of the second cavity of device of artificial membrane;
Fig. 3 is lay eggs the first cavity perspective view of device of the artificial membrane in embodiment among the present invention, twines a circle transparent rubberized fabric 17 outside cavity;
Fig. 4 is lay eggs the first cavity perspective view of device of the artificial membrane of (test) in embodiment among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the lay eggs package assembly perspective view of device of the artificial membrane of (test) in embodiment among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the side structure schematic diagram of the film drawing device in the embodiment;
Fig. 7 utilizes the device of Fig. 4 to carry out the result of the test figure that Bemisia tabaci is laid eggs.
Description of reference numerals
The first cavity 16; Lid 10; The first cavity wall 11; Upper shed 13; Under shed 12; Film 14; Film edge 18; Adhesive tape 17; The second cavity 28; The opening 20 of the second cavity; The second cavity bottom 22; The sidewall 21 of the second cavity; Adult is introduced hole 23; Lid 24; Ventilation hole 25,26; Transparent polyvinyl chloride plastics bipass 30; Suitable for reading 31; End opening 32; Parafilm M film 70; Glass plate 50; Transparent polyvinyl chloride Plastic Drum box 40; The end 41; Top mouth 42; Circular hole 43; Aperture 44; Worm's ovum 80.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention now is described by reference to the accompanying drawings.Fig. 1-2, Fig. 5 are a specific embodiment of the present invention, a kind ofly are suitable for the novel artificial film device that Bemisia tabaci is laid eggs, comprise, a storage has the first cavity 16 of cultivating liquid, wherein, the first cavity 16 comprises sidewall 11 cylindraceous and two openings 13,12 up and down; The under shed 12 of the first cavity is covered by thin film 14, and the upper shed 13 of the first cavity is covered by a lid 10, comprises the aperture (not showing) that allows the first cavity communicate with ambient atmosphere on the lid.In addition, device also comprises the second cavity, and it comprises the bottom 22 of sidewall 21, one ends sealing and the opening 20 of the other end, comprises a lid hole 23 of introducing adult at sidewall, contains one in the lid hole and can open or the stopper 24 of seal and opening; Simultaneously some apertures 25,26 are set also on sidewall 21, these apertures can be symmetrical, and they allow, and the second cavity is interior to be consistent with external environment, and the size of these apertures can be the 0.1-2 millimeter, decides on the insect body size of concrete raising.In assembling, an end that allows the first cavity include film is inserted on the second cavity, allow the sidewall of the first cavity and the sidewall close contact of the second cavity, the opening 20 of such the second cavity is by the isolation of the film end of the first cavity and sealing, such the first cavity just and to be connected the cavity connection as a whole, shown in Figure 5.The advantage of this assembling is, after assembling, can put in the environment of artificial setting, climatic cabinate for example, the optimal environmental condition that may be provided in the worm growth and lay eggs, after finishing when laying eggs, can be easily take out the first cavity with in the second cavity, observe the situation of laying eggs and can regulate at any time or change some conditions being allowed to condition under the optimum condition growth and laying eggs.In addition, also comprise a lid 10 on the first cavity, can make things convenient for and change at any time fresh nutrient liquid, avoid being placed on for a long time producing on the film and go mouldy, thereby the ovum to output produces damaging effect, can also reuse in addition and the device that do not need at every turn more to renew.Moreover, at the second cavity some are set and allow gas can carry out the aperture of inside and outside exchange, to insert in the artificial environment when device that this is laid eggs, the adult that is placed in the second cavity can well live, and has improved time and the efficient of Adult worms producting eggs.In above these reasons one or several may be exactly to allow the device of laying eggs of the present invention have the reasonable dismissal of reasonable effect.
Except above embodiment, film can the time Parafilm M film (Alcan, the U.S.), thickness are 5-8 μ m.The first cavity and the second cavity can be transparent plastics, the living condition of the adult in so easy observation cavity.In other modes, the diameter of the first cavity 16 is slightly less than the interior diameter of the second cavity, before putting in the second cavity by the opening of the second cavity, twines some transparent adhesive plasters 17 at the outer wall near film to part the first cavity, and is shown in Figure 4.Like this, the one, can fixedly cover the film on the first cavity under shed, in addition, when repeatedly being inserted into the first cavity in the second cavity, also can avoid film edge to be scratched by the sidewall of the second cavity, prolonged service life.In addition, can also allow like this sidewall contact of the sidewall of the first cavity and the second cavity more tight, allow better tightness between them.
In the preferred mode of other, the diameter of the aperture of the maintenance gas communication on the second cavity wall is the 0.1-2 millimeter, optimum, when adult was Bemisia tabaci, the diameter of aperture was 0.2 millimeter.The number of aperture can be one or more, is preferably becoming to distribute, and so more is conducive to the circulation of air.
When in use, nutrient liquid, for example plant juice is put in the first cavity, is allowed to condition at the certain height of maintenance in the cavity, then adult, and Bemisia tabaci adults for example, the lid hole by the first cavity is placed in the first cavity, then cover lid.Then it is put into and cultivate in the suitable environment and lay eggs or carry out the research of other side.
Test
In order to further specify effect of the present invention, we test.These tests only are enumerating of limited embodiment of the present invention, do not consist of the restrictive explanation of claim of the present invention.
The preparation method of 1 device
How existing accompanying drawings makes the device of laying eggs of this experiment.
The preparation of the first cavity.
The diameter 46mm of a transparent polyvinyl chloride plastics bipass 30, suitable for reading 31 is provided; The diameter 36mm of end opening 32; Height or long 30mm; Suitable for reading be furnished with suitable same material lid 31, covers out the aperture of some gas communication; End opening is covered with the thick Parafilm of one deck 5-8 μ m M film 70 (Alcan, the U.S.), shown in Figure 4.Thickness is 5-8 μ m.The making of the film that 5-8 μ m is thick is by the following method: for guaranteeing the thickness homogeneous of film, clamp Parafilm with four glass plates 50 The both sides of M film, as shown in Figure 6, slowly evenly the distance of cross directional stretch two plates to original 5 times; Remove glass plate and be longitudinally stretched to original 5 times with same method; So far, Parafilm It is original 1/25th that the thickness of M film 14 is down to, and is uniform 5-8 μ m.
The preparation of the second cavity.
Shown in Figure 2, provide a transparent polyvinyl chloride Plastic Drum box 40, the ends 41 external diameter 35mm, internal diameter 33mm; Top mouthful 42 external diameter 44mm, internal diameter 41mm; Dark approximately 42mm.Approximately diameter is arranged is the circular hole 43 of approximately 7mm to tube wall at the 2mm place from the pipe end.Take circular hole as basic point, about 90 ° bore a series of apertures 44, the insect bodies that hole diameter is raised less than test wide (be approximately 0.2mm such as the device hole diameter that is used for raising Bemisia tabaci), the little hole number of every side is 20, both sides are symmetric, to guarantee the box inner air flow.
The device assembling process
The combination step of above several accessories is as follows: the end opening 32 (osculum) that 1) the Parafilm film 14 that stretches is overlying on bipass, twining one deck wide at the outside tube wall from about film 2mm behind the overlay film is the adhesive tape of 5mm, as shown in Figure 5 (remarks: because bipass and the bucket box need to agree with closely, and be filled with very thin Parafilm film in the slit of agreeing with, during liquid in changing bipass, might cause breaking of film owing to tearing; If twine the layer of transparent adhesive tape at 18 the tube wall of keeping to the side, can effectively prevent the phenomenon of film rupture); 2) bipass is agreed with put into barrel box 40 and compress, bipass is trapezoidal with the longitudinal section of bucket box, and both gradients and inconsistently but be more or less the same, the bipass gradient is slightly greater than the gradient of bucket box, therefore can have a very thin seam after two parts compress between the end opening edge of bipass and the bucket box wall, this can prevent effectively that also the Parafilm film that stretches from breaking; 3) lid upper tube cap and filled in the box plug.
2 usings method
With suitable pest sucking device an amount of small insects is put into box 40 by the box hole, filled in box plug 48; Open bipass 30 pipes suitable for reading and cover 31, add an amount of nutrient solution that is used for raising insect, the height of liquid is decided on the hydraulic pressure of the material of plan simulation, lays eggs at the film of 5-8 μ m as making Bemisia tabaci, and the interior total amount of liquid of bipass is that 2ml gets final product.
So far, the device assembling is complete.Device being put into suitable environment raise, is climatic cabinate such as the environment of raising Bemisia tabaci, and the condition of setting is 27 ± 1 ℃, and humidity is 75%, and the photoperiod is that illumination/interlunation ratio is 1.
3 use the decorum of the present invention to be used for raising the effect of Bemisia tabaci
The used artificial nutriment of this device is the mixed liquor of plant leaf blade juice and vitamin C (Vc) solution.The concrete manufacturing process of mixed liquor is: after the 500g young leaf of plant fully grinds in 100ml distilled water, add the Vc solution (mass volume ratio is 20%) of 20ml again; Mixed liquor carried out 12000g centrifugal 5 minutes under 4 ℃ of conditions, get supernatant and place 4 ℃ of stored for future use.
3.1 egg laying amount
On average go through phase and the survival rate of table 1 tobacco powder nit on the different egg medium
Figure G2009101557670D00091
* 1: be 30 pairs of Bemisia tabaci adults in each cage of laying eggs;
* 2: be 50 pairs of Bemisia tabaci adults (effect of laying eggs such as Fig. 7) in each cage of laying eggs.
3.2 the incubation rate of ovum
Incubation rate (P) computational methods of on average go through the phase (d) and the ovum of ovum are respectively and are: d=∑ (d ' * N ')/∑ N ', P=N The hatching nymph/ N Egg laying amountD ' is fate behind the ovum, and N ' is the ovum amount of hatching in this time period.
On average go through phase and the incubation rate of table 2 tobacco powder nit on plant leaf blade
Figure G2009101557670D00101
On average go through phase and the survival rate * of table 3 tobacco powder nit on artificial membrane (different plant juice) 3
Figure G2009101557670D00102
* 3: the plant juice that Bemisia tabaci adults is raised is eggplant tender leaf juice, raising 24h for behind the Adult worms producting eggs, the eggplant leaf sap is removed, and uses the leaves of plants juice into each processing instead.
It is not unique constant being used for term and the expression way of describing method herein, and we get rid of the expression way of any same meaning of describing this method or feature with these terms and expression way without any intention, the various expression way of our approvals in the scope of the present invention's statement.Therefore, although we think in this article the present invention with various concrete schemes and arbitrarily feature display with being described clearly, but the expression way that changes the design that discloses herein also will be sought help from those experienced professional technique personages, and these changes are consistent with the statement that the present invention attaches.Article, patent, patent application and the content of all other documents and the useful digitized information of mentioning herein and quote as proof combine, must come reference as a complete content, delivering wherein, any one part all will specialize this point.The applicant has and these any and whole articles, patent, patent is used or the information of other document and material are integrated with the right of the part that the application discloses as patent specification.

Claims (9)

1. artificial spawning and raising device that is suitable for Bemisia tabaci adults, comprise, storage has the first cavity of cultivating liquid and one to be used for second cavity of putting the piercing-sucking small insects adult in a suitable place to breed, and wherein, the first cavity comprises sidewall cylindraceous and two openings up and down; The second cavity comprises sidewall cylindraceous, the cavity bottom of end sealing and the opening of the other end; The under shed of the first cavity is that the film of the individual layer of 5-8 μ m covers by thickness, and the upper shed of the first cavity is covered by a lid, comprises the aperture that allows the first cavity communicate with ambient atmosphere on the lid; Comprise a lid hole of introducing the piercing sucking insect adult on the sidewall of the second cavity, contain one on the lid hole and can open or the stopper of seal and opening, be symmetrical arranged at the sidewall of the second cavity simultaneously and allow the aperture of gaseous exchange; Wherein, the lower open end that the first cavity is covered by film is inserted in the second cavity by the opening of the second cavity, and allow the lateral wall of the first cavity and the madial wall close contact of the second cavity, this film is divided into an independently loculus to the second cavity simultaneously, comprises the described aperture that allows gaseous exchange on this loculus; Wherein said cultivation liquid is the mixed liquor of plant leaf blade juice and vitamin c solution, the concrete manufacturing process of mixed liquor is: after the 500g young leaf of plant fully grinds in 100ml distilled water, the vitamin c solution that adds again 20ml, wherein, ascorbic quality is 20% of vitamin c solution volume; Mixed liquor carried out 12000g centrifugal 5 minutes under 4 ℃ of conditions, supernatant is described cultivation liquid.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described film is Parafilm The M film.
3. device as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the first cavity and the second cavity are the transparent polyvinyl chloride plastics.
4. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, after an end of the first cavity upper film sealing was inserted into the second cavity, an end of the first cavity upper film sealing also can take out in the second cavity.
5. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the diameter of the aperture on described the second cavity wall is 0.2 millimeter.
6. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the first cavity of 1/2-1/4 is inserted in the second cavity.
7. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the diameter of the upper shed of the second cavity is greater than the diameter of the under shed of the first cavity, simultaneously less than the diameter of the upper shed of the first cavity.
8. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said water are a kind of in wild cabbage, corn, cucumber, eggplant, tomato or the wheat.
9. one kind is suitable for the method that Bemisia tabaci is laid eggs, and comprising provides the described device such as one of claim 1-8, and handle assembly is positioned in the climatic cabinate and cultivates, and the condition of cultivation is 27 ± 1 ℃, and humidity is 75%, and the photoperiod is that illumination/interlunation ratio is 1.
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