CN101688144A - 离子液体用于改善润滑剂组合物性能的用途 - Google Patents

离子液体用于改善润滑剂组合物性能的用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101688144A
CN101688144A CN200880020869A CN200880020869A CN101688144A CN 101688144 A CN101688144 A CN 101688144A CN 200880020869 A CN200880020869 A CN 200880020869A CN 200880020869 A CN200880020869 A CN 200880020869A CN 101688144 A CN101688144 A CN 101688144A
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oil
japanning
ionic liquid
purposes
charged ion
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Inventor
G·博德希姆
M·施米特-阿梅伦克森
D·索恩
S·格伦戴
A·霍普克
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Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
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Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及离子液体用于改善合成、矿物或天然油类的润滑效果的用途。特别地，本发明涉及经改善的润滑剂组合物，其提供相对于热和氧化性侵蚀的保护。

Description

离子液体用于改善润滑剂组合物性能的用途
本发明涉及离子液体用于改善合成、矿物或天然油类的润滑效果的用途。特别地，本发明涉及经改善的润滑剂组合物(Schmierstoffzusammensetzung)，其提供相对于热和氧化性侵蚀的保护。
润滑剂用于汽车工业、输送技术、机器制造、办公技术以及在工业装置和机器中，以及还用于家用机器和娱乐电子器件领域。
在滚动轴承(
Figure G2008800208695D00011
)和滑动轴承(Gleitlager)中，要使润滑剂在相互滑动或滚动的部件之间形成分离性的负荷转移的润滑膜。由此达到金属表面本身不发生接触和由此也无磨损。因此该润滑剂必需满足高的要求。其包括极端的运行条件如非常高或非常低的转数、由高转数或外来加热引起的高温、例如在低温环境下运行的轴承或在航空航天应用中出现的非常低的温度。现代的润滑剂也要能在所谓的净化室条件(Reinraumbedingung)下应用，以避免由于润滑剂的磨损或耗用产生的室内污染(Raumverschmutzung)。此外，在应用现代的润滑剂时要避免其挥发和由此“涂漆(verlacken)”，即在短时间使用后其变成固态并不再显示出润滑作用。在下面应用下也对润滑剂提出特殊要求，即轴承的滑动面不受低摩擦力的损害，轴承面以低噪声运行以及无后润滑下需长期运行。润滑剂还必须承受得住力作用如离心力、重力和振动。
合成、矿物和天然油类的使用时间和润滑效果受到它们的热分解和氧化分解的限制。因此，迄今使用胺类和/或酚类化合物作为抗氧化剂。但是这具有如下缺陷，也即它们具有高的蒸气压和短的使用寿命，因此，所述油类在短的使用时间后发生“涂漆(verlacken)”，也即它们变成固态和由此可能在滚动轴承和滑动轴承范围内给装置带来大的损害。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供这样的润滑剂组合物，其满足上述需要并相对于已知的润滑剂改善热和氧化稳定性。
出人意料地，该目的通过将离子液体添加到合成、矿物和天然油类中实现。提供了这样的润滑脂组合物，其包括(bestehen aus)基油，该基油由合成、矿物或天然油类组成，单独地或以组合形式，向该基油中添加离子液体和任选的常规添加剂。已经表明，添加离子液体延长了该油类的使用寿命和由此提高了使用时间，其中显著延迟了热和氧化性分解。
所述合成油选自芳族或脂族的二-、三-或四-羧酸与一种或以混合物形式存在的C7-C22-醇的酯，选自聚苯醚或烷基化二苯醚或三苯醚，选自三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇或二季戊四醇与脂族C7-C22-羧酸的酯，选自C18-二聚酸与C7-C22-醇的酯，选自复合酯，作为单组分或以任意混合物的形式。此外，该合成油还可选自聚-α-烯烃、烷基化萘、烷基化苯、聚乙二醇、硅油、全氟聚醚。
所述矿物油可选自链烷烃基-、环烷烃基-、芳族的加氢裂化油
Figure G2008800208695D00021
气转液(GTL)-流体。GTL称为汽转液法，并描述了由天然气制备燃料的方法。天然气经蒸气重整转变成合成气，该合成气然后借助于催化剂经费托合成转变成燃料。该催化剂和工艺条件调制该燃料类型，即是否制成汽油、煤油、柴油或油。同样按煤转液法(CTL)可用煤作原料，在生物质转液(BTL)法中可用生物质作原料。
作为天然油可用来自动物来源/植物来源的甘油三酯，其可按已知的方法如氢化法调质。特别优选的甘油三酯油是具有高油酸含量的基因改性的甘油三酯油。通常所用的和具有高油酸含量的基因改性的植物油是红花油、玉米油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、大豆油、亚麻籽油、花生油、雷斯克懒勒属(Lesquerella)-油、绣线菊油(
Figure G2008800208695D00022
)和棕榈油。
特别地，使用基于可再生原材料的天然油由于它们在可生物降解性、降低或避免CO2释放方面的优点而具有重要性，这是因为可以避免石油原料和用天然油可以实现相同的结果(如果不是更好的话)。
离子液体，此外也被称为IL(＝离子液体)，是所谓的盐熔体，其优选在室温下呈液态或者按定义具有＜100℃的熔点。其几乎不具有蒸气压，并因此不显示出空泡形成性能。此外，离子液体通过选择阳离子和阴离子实现在润滑剂组合物情况下提高使用寿命和润滑效果，其延迟如上所述的涂漆，通过调节导电性使得能够用于其中出现充电的装置。经证实，作为离子液体合适的阳离子提到季铵阳离子、鏻阳离子、咪唑鎓阳离子、吡啶鎓阳离子、吡唑鎓阳离子、噁唑鎓阳离子、吡咯烷鎓阳离子、哌啶鎓阳离子、噻唑鎓阳离子、胍阳离子、吗啉鎓阳离子、三烷基锍阳离子或三唑鎓阳离子，其与选自下列的阴离子相组合：[PF6]-，[BF4]-，[CF3CO2]-，[CF3SO3]-以及其更高级同系物[C4F9-SO3]-或[C8F17-SO3]-和更高级的全氟烷基磺酸根，[(CF3SO2)2N]-，[(CF3SO2)(CF3COO)N]-，[R4-SO3]-，[R4-O-SO3]-，[R4-COO]-，Cl-，Br-，[NO3]-，[N(CN)2]-，[HSO4]-，PF(6-x)R6 x或[R4R5PO4]-，且基团R4和R5相互独立地选自氢、1-20个碳原子的直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的、脂族或脂环族的烷基；在杂芳基残基中具有3-8个碳原子和至少一个选自N、O和S的杂原子的杂芳基、杂芳基C1-C6-烷基，其可以用至少一个选自C1-C6烷基和/或卤素原子的基团取代；在芳基残基中具有5-12个碳原子的芳基-芳基-C1-C6-烷基，其可以用至少一个C1-C6烷基取代；R6可以是全氟乙基或更高级的全氟烷基，x等于1-4。但是也可以是其它组合。
特别优选是含高氟化的阴离子的离子液体，因为其通常具有高的热稳定性。也可通过这类阴离子明显降低吸水能力，例如在使用双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺阴离子时。
对于这类离子液体的实例是：
丁基甲基吡咯烷鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺(MBPimid)，
甲基丙基吡咯烷鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺(MPPimid)，
己基甲基咪唑鎓-三(全氟乙基)三氟磷酸盐(HMIMPFET)，
己基甲基咪唑鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺(HMIMimid)，
己基甲基吡咯烷鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺(HMP)，
四丁基鏻-三(全氟乙基)三氟磷酸盐(BuPPFET)，
辛基甲基咪唑鎓-六氟磷酸盐(OMIM PF6)，
己基吡啶鎓-双(三氟甲基)磺酰基酰亚胺(Hpyimid)，
甲基三辛基铵-三氟乙酸盐(MOAac)，
丁基甲基吡咯烷鎓-三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸盐(MBPPFET)，
三己基(十四烷基)鏻-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺(HPDimid)，
此外，本发明的润滑剂组合物还含有通常的添加剂或添加剂混合物，选自防腐蚀剂、防氧化剂、防磨损剂、用于降低摩擦的试剂、用于保护免受金属影响的试剂，其作为螯合化合物、自由基捕获剂、UV稳定剂、反应层形成剂存在，以及无机或有机固态润滑剂，例如聚酰亚胺、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、石墨、金属氧化物、氮化硼、二硫化钼和磷酸盐。特别使用含磷化合物和含硫化合物形式的添加剂，例如二烷基二硫代磷酸锌，作为抗磨剂/极限压力的硼酸酯、金属盐、酯、含氮化合物、杂环化合物作为用于抑制腐蚀的试剂，甘油一酯或甘油二酯作为防摩擦剂，以及聚异丁烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯作为粘度改善剂。
本发明的润滑剂组合物含有5-95重量％的基油或基油混合物，0.05-40重量％的离子液体和任选的0.1-10重量％的添加剂。
本发明的润滑剂组合物可以通过添加离子液体用作高温链锯油，因为其可以在达250℃的温度使用。此外通过降低该油的电阻用于如下领域中，其中由于总是通过火花放电而被电流损害时，例如在火车车轮轴承、具有电流流过的滚动轴承、在汽车领域或在电动机情况下。
通过在有机体系或溶剂中的溶解性或由于极低的蒸气压，离子液体作为热稳定剂和氧化稳定剂优于基于酚类或胺类或者全氟化盐的抗氧化剂。即使在高含量情况下在润滑剂中也不会由离子液体形成晶体，而所述晶体例如在滑动环密封情况下导致发生噪声和堵塞，并由此可能损害这些构件。
本发明的润滑剂组合物的热和氧化稳定性表现为蒸发和粘度上升的延迟，由此延缓了在高温下的体系涂漆(Verlackung)和所述润滑剂可以使用更长时间。
本发明的润滑剂组合物的优点通过下面实施例示出。
实施例
如无另外说明，％数据为重量％。
1.通过添加离子液体降低油的电阻
不同的基油，单独地或以组合形式，与不同浓度的不同离子液体进行测量。所用的聚丙二醇是从丁醇起始的聚丙二醇。合成酯是二季戊四醇与短链脂肪酸的酯，其可以在名称Hacto 2926下获得。
比电阻率的测量用具有2.5cm2面积的板式电极和1.1cm的间距、10V测量电压(直流)测量。在每一情况下测量三次，并将测量的平均值在表1中给出。
表1
Figure G2008800208695D00051
HDPimid：三己基(十四烷基)鏻双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺
PCl：三己基十四烷基氯化鏻
所得的测量结果表明，通过添加离子液体降低了所述润滑油组合物的比电阻率。
2.离子液体对摩擦值和例如聚丙二醇的磨损的影响
使用正丁醇起始的聚亚烷基二醇，其可在名称Synalox 55-150B下获得。依DIN 51834的指引，振动摩擦磨损试验(SRV)，测试条件球/板，200N负荷、50℃，1mm行程50Hz，实施120分钟。结果在表2中示出。
表2
Figure G2008800208695D00052
OMIM PF6：辛基甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐
该结果表明该离子液体对润滑脂组合物的摩擦值和磨损的积极影响。
3.离子液体对润滑剂组合物的粘度和挥发损失的影响
该试验一方面在150℃用初始重量1g的润滑脂组合物进行。为此将样品称入铝皿中，并在循环空气炉中调温，在本发明情况下为96和120小时。在该测试时间后，称重经冷却的皿并基于起始重量测定质量损失。对新鲜油和使用过的油用锥/板流变仪在300秒-1，25℃，在60秒测量时间后测定表观动态粘度。
另一方面用Seiko公司的仪器，TG/DTA 6200以10mg+/-0.2mg初始重量在开口的铝坩锅，吹扫用气体为空气，温度爬坡1k/min从100-260℃，进行热重分析(TGA)。
对于这些分析，作为合成酯使用二季戊四醇与短链脂肪酸的酯，其可以在名称Hacto 2926下获得。％数据为重量百分比。结果在表3中给出。
表3
  样品表观动态粘度，新鲜的   100％合成酯纯130mPas   99.5％合成酯+0.5％HDPimid140mPas   98.0％合成酯+2％HDPimid140mPas   89.6％合成酯+10.4％HDPimid160mPas
  在150℃在96小时后VDV和表观动态粘度   39.6％13,500mPas   21.3％1400mPas   13.6％580mPas   85％360mPas
  在150℃在120小时后的VDV和表观动态粘度   48.5％70,000mPas   25.3％2400mPas   15.7％700mPas   10.6％460mPas
  根据KL标准在直至260℃的TGA VDV   40.0％   35.4％   32.5％   23.2％
VDV：挥发损失
HDPimid：三己基(十四烷基)鏻-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺
该结果表明，高温油通过添加离子液体而不添加其它抗氧化剂在润滑脂组合物中可以表现出明显的粘度下降和在温度负荷TGA-VDV(5g起始重量在230℃)下的挥发损失下降。
4.离子液体与已知抗氧化剂相结合对润滑油的粘度和在温度负荷下(1g起始重量在200℃)的挥发的影响
将胺类抗氧化剂(Naugalube 438L)以1重量％的浓度用于所有下列测试样品中，作为基油使用合成酯。合成酯是二季戊四醇与短链脂肪酸的酯，其可以在名称Hatco 2926下获得。所用的离子液体在下面列出。
表4
对粘度的影响
离子液体   油 初始粘度*，mPas   24h后的粘度，mPas   48h后的粘度，mPas   72h后的粘度，mPas
  -   99.0％合成酯  173   涂漆   涂漆   涂漆
  0.1％ MBPimid   98.9％合成酯  182   涂漆   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％ MBPimid   98.7％合成酯  192   93,517   涂漆   涂漆
  0.1％ HMP   98.9％合成酯  176   176,740   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％ HMP   98.7％合成酯  187   63,402   涂漆   涂漆
  0.1％ HMIMimid   98.9％合成酯  176   涂漆   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％ HMIMimid   98.7％合成酯  185   30,100   涂漆   涂漆
  0.1％ BuPPFET   98.9％合成酯  176   涂漆   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％ BuPPFET   98.7％合成酯  181   70,776   涂漆   涂漆
  0.1％ HPYimid   98.9％合成酯  185   25,208   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％ HPYimid   98.7％合成酯  176   4314   24,367   涂漆
  0.1％ MoAac   98.9％合成酯  176   涂漆   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％ MoAac   98.7％合成酯  178   涂漆   涂漆   涂漆
  0.1％ MBPPFET   98.9％合成酯  179   21,164   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％ MBPPFET   98.7％合成酯  181   14,817   22,392   涂漆
  0.1％HMIMPFET   98.9％合成酯  178   79,979   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％HMIMPFET   98.7％合成酯  179   涂漆   涂漆   涂漆
  1.0％ MBPimid   98.0％合成酯  181   14,726   46,721   涂漆
  0.1％ HDPimid   98.9％合成酯  174   90,883   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％ HDPimid   98.7％合成酯  178   55,759   涂漆   涂漆
*在锥/板/20℃，300秒-1剪切时间60秒后，表观动态粘度
MBPimid＝丁基甲基吡咯烷鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺
HMP＝己基甲基吡咯烷鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺
HMIMimid＝己基甲基咪唑鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺
BuPPFET＝四丁基鏻-三(全氟乙基)三氟磷酸盐
HPYimid＝己基吡啶鎓-双(三氟甲基)磺酰基酰亚胺
MOAac＝甲基三辛基铵-三氟乙酸盐
MBPPFET＝丁基甲基吡咯烷鎓-三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸盐
HMIMPFET＝己基甲基咪唑鎓-三(全氟乙基)三氟磷酸盐
HPDimid＝三己基(十四烷基)鏻-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺
表4a对挥发损失的影响
  离子液体   油   24小时后的挥发损失
0.3％ HMP0.3％ HPYimid0.3％ HDPimid   99.0％合成酯98.7％合成酯98.7％合成酯98.7％合成酯   70-75％53％39％53％
上面结果表明，通过添加离子液体降低了粘度上升和润滑剂的挥发损失。此外，还可表明，仅含有胺类抗氧化剂的润滑剂在24小时后已经“涂漆”，与之不同的是，通过添加离子液体，在24-48小时后才发生涂漆，在添加0.3重量％的HPYimid或MBPPFET以及1.0重量％MBPimid情况下，在48-72小时之间才发生润滑剂的涂漆。此外，降低了润滑剂的挥发损失。表5概括性示出了表4的结果。
表5
  润滑剂组合物 涂漆时间
  99.0％合成酯+1％胺类抗氧化剂 ＜7小时
  98.9和/或98.7％合成酯+1％胺类抗氧化剂+0.1和/或0.3％MBPimid；HMP；HMIMimid；BuPPFET；MBPPFET；HIMIMPFET；HDPimid和/或0.1％HPYimid或0.1％MBPPFET ＞24小时和＜48小时
  98.9和/或98.7％合成酯+1％胺类抗氧化剂+0.3％HPYimid或MBPPFET或1.0％MBPimid ＞48小时和＜72小时
5.离子液体在1g起始重量在140℃的温度负荷下挥发和粘度方面对天然酯油的影响
作为天然酯油使用吹风蓖麻油“Rümanol 404”。在所有下面试验的样品中使用浓度为1重量％的胺类抗氧化剂(Naugalube 438L)。所用离子液体在下面列出。
表6
离子液体 油 初始粘度*，mPas   粘度，mPas24h后   粘度，mPas48h后   粘度，mPas72h后
  -   99.0％天然酯油   112   20,152   涂漆   涂漆
  0.1％MoAac   98.9％天然酯油   123   505   39,177   涂漆
  0.3％MoAac   98.7％天然酯油   127   176   21,856   涂漆
  0.1％Ecoeng 500   98.9％天然酯油   121   72,249   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％Ecoeng 500   98.7％天然酯油   117   34,383   涂漆   涂漆
  0.1％HDPimid   98.9％天然酯油   114   14,641   涂漆   涂漆
  0.3％HDPimid   98.7％天然酯油   118   15,303   涂漆   涂漆
  1.0％MOAac   98.0％天然酯油   124   120   1613   涂漆
*在锥/板/20℃，300秒-1剪切时间60秒后，表观动态粘度
MOAac＝甲基三辛基铵三氟乙酸盐
HPDimid＝三己基(十四烷基)鏻-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺
Ecoeng 500＝PEG-5-椰油基甲基(cocomonium)-甲基硫酸盐
表6a
  离子液体   油   挥发损失，24小时后
0.1％ MOAac0.3％ MOAac0.1％ HDPimid0.3％ HDPimid1.0％ MOAac   99.0％天然酯油98.9％天然酯油98.7％天然酯油98.9％天然酯油98.7％天然酯油98.0％天然酯油   7.0％2.6％1.8％2.9％3.0％2.0％
上面结果表明，通过添加离子液体降低了天然酯油的粘度上升和挥发损失。此外，可以看出，仅含胺类抗氧化剂的天然酯油，在24-48小时后已经“涂漆”，与此不同的是，通过添加离子液体，在48-72小时后才开始涂漆。表7概括性示出了表6的结果。
表7
  润滑脂组合物   涂漆时间
  99％天然酯油+1％胺抗氧化剂   ＞24h和＜48h
  天然酯油+1％胺抗氧化剂+MOAac以0.1-1％的不同浓度   ＞48h和＜72h加上与标准物相比的粘度降低！
6.离子液体在1g初始重量在140℃温度负荷下的挥发和粘度方面对天然酯油的影响
作为天然酯油使用葵花籽油。在所有下面试验样品中使用浓度为1重量％的胺类抗氧化剂(Naugalube 438L)。所用离子液体在下面列出。
表8
  离子液体   油  初始粘度*，mPas   粘度，mPas24h后   粘度，mPas48h后   粘度，mPas72h后
0.1％ MoAac0.3％ MoAac0.1％ Ecoeng 5000.1％ HDPimide0.3％ HDPimide1.0％ MOAac   99.0％ sunflower油98.9％ sunflower油98.7％ sunflower油98.9％ sunflower油98.9％ sunflower油98.7％ sunflower油98.0％ sunflower油  102113108106113114109   14,190142173465255804002116   涂漆51,89113,820涂漆涂漆涂漆1999   涂漆涂漆涂漆涂漆涂漆涂漆涂漆
*在300秒-1，锥/板/20℃，60s剪切时间后，表观动态粘度
MOAac＝甲基三辛基铵三氟乙酸盐
HPDimid＝三己基(十四烷基)鏻双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺
Ecoeng 500＝PEG-5-椰油基甲基(ccomonium)-甲基硫酸盐
表8a
  离子液体   油   挥发损失，24小时后
0.1％ MOAac0.3％ MOAac0.1％ HDPimid0.3％ HDPimid1.0％ MOAac   99.0％葵花籽油98.9％葵花籽油98.7％葵花籽油98.9％葵花籽油98.7％葵花籽油98.0％葵花籽油   4.5％1.9％0.6％4.4％4.2％1.4％
上面结果表明，通过添加离子液体降低了天然酯油的粘度上升和挥发损失。此外可以看出，仅含胺类抗氧化剂的天然酯油在24-48小时后已经“涂漆”，与此不同的是通过添加MoAac作为离子液体在48-72小时后才发生涂漆。表9概括性示出了表8的结果。
表9
  样品组成   涂漆时间
  99％葵花籽油+1％胺抗氧化剂   ＞24h和＜48h
  葵花籽油+1％胺抗氧化剂+IL(Ecoeng 500；HDPimid)   ＞24h和＜48h，但与标准物相比粘度降低
  葵花籽油+1％胺抗氧化剂+浓度为01-1％的MOAac   ＞48h和＜72h，与标准物相比粘度降低
上述实施例示出了向合成、矿物和天然油中添加离子液体在润滑剂组合物的粘度降低、挥发损失降低以及氧化和热分解降低方面的有利效果。

Claims (9)

1.离子液体用于改善由下面组分组成的混合物组成的润滑剂组合物对抗氧化分解和热分解的保护的用途，
(a)基于合成、矿物或天然油的基油，
(b)离子液体，和
(c)任选的常规添加剂。
2.权利要求1的用途，其特征在于，所述润滑脂组合物包括5-95重量％的基油或基油混合物，0.05-40重量％的离子液体或离子液体的混合物，和任选的0.1-10重量％的添加剂混合物。
3.权利要求1或2的用途，其特征在于，所述润滑脂组合物的基油选自合成、矿物或天然油，它们单独地或以组合形式使用。
4.权利要求1-3之一的用途，其特征在于，所述基油基于选自下列的合成油：选自脂族或芳族二、三或四羧酸与一种或以混合物形式存在的C7-C22-醇的酯，选自聚苯醚或烷基化二苯醚或三苯醚，选自三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇或二季戊四醇与脂族C7-C22-羧酸的酯，选自C18-二聚酸与C7-C22-醇的酯，选自复合酯，作为单组分或以任意混合物的形式，或者选自聚-α-烯烃、烷基化萘、烷基化苯、聚乙二醇、硅油、全氟聚醚。
5.权利要求1-3之一的用途，其特征在于，所述基油基于选自下列的矿物油，链烷烃基-、环烷烃基-、芳族的加氢裂化油或气转液(GTL)-流体、生物质转液(BTL)-流体或煤转液(CTL)流体。
6.权利要求1-3之一的用途，其特征在于，所述基油基于选自下列的天然油，具有高油酸含量的基因改性的甘油三酯油，通常所用的和具有高油酸含量的基因改性的植物油是红花油、玉米油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、大豆油、亚麻籽油、花生油、雷斯克懒勒属油、绣线菊油和棕榈油。
7.权利要求1-6之一的用途，其特征在于，所述离子液体含有选自下列的阳离子：季铵阳离子、鏻阳离子、咪唑鎓阳离子、吡啶鎓阳离子、吡唑鎓阳离子、噁唑鎓阳离子、吡咯烷鎓阳离子、哌啶鎓阳离子、三烷基锍阳离子、噻唑鎓阳离子、胍阳离子、吗啉鎓阳离子或三唑鎓阳离子，和选自下列的阴离子：[PF6]-、[BF4]-、[CF3CO2]-、[CF3SO3]-以及其更高级同系物[C4F9-SO3]-或[C8F17-SO3]和更高级的全氟烷基磺酸根、[(CF3SO2)2N]-、[(CF3SO2)(CF3COO)N]-、Cl-、Br-、[R4-SO3]-、[R4-O-SO3]-、[R4-COO]-、[NO3]-、[N(CN)2]-、[HSO4]-、PF(6-x)R6 x或[R4R5PO4]-，且基团R4和R5相互独立地选自氢、1-20个碳原子的直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的、脂族或脂环族的烷基；在杂芳基残基中具有3-8个碳原子和至少一个选自N、O和S的杂原子的杂芳基、杂芳基C1-C6-烷基，其可以用至少一个选自C1-C6烷基和/或卤素原子的基团取代；在芳基残基中具有5-12个碳原子的芳基-芳基-C1-C6-烷基，其可以用至少一个C1-C6烷基取代；R6可以是全氟乙基或更高级的全氟烷基，x等于1-4。
8.权利要求1-7之一的用途，其特征在于，所述离子液体选自
丁基甲基吡咯烷鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺，
甲基丙基吡咯烷鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺，
己基甲基咪唑鎓-三(全氟乙基)三氟磷酸盐，
己基甲基咪唑鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺，
己基甲基吡咯烷鎓-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺，
四丁基鏻-三(全氟乙基)三氟磷酸盐，
辛基甲基咪唑鎓-六氟磷酸盐，
己基吡啶鎓-双(三氟甲基)磺酰基酰亚胺，
甲基三辛基铵-三氟乙酸盐，
丁基甲基吡咯烷鎓-三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸盐，
三己基(十四烷基)鏻-双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺。
9.权利要求1-8之一的用途，其特征在于，所述任选存在的添加剂选自防腐蚀剂、防氧化剂、防磨损剂、用于降低摩擦的试剂、用于保护免于金属影响的试剂，UV稳定剂、无机或有机固体润滑剂，选自聚酰亚胺、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、石墨、金属氧化物、氮化硼、二硫化钼和磷酸盐。
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