CN110408458A - 一种实现固液界面自润滑和高摩擦可逆的方法 - Google Patents
一种实现固液界面自润滑和高摩擦可逆的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
- F16D2200/003—Light metals, e.g. aluminium
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种实现固液界面自润滑和高摩擦可逆的方法,该方法为将离子液体和基础油混合配制成溶液,其中离子液体与基础油的摩尔比为1:5~1:25,并充分混合;将得到的溶液铺在洁净的Ti衬底上,获得表面附有润滑剂的Ti片。本发明制备的离子液体与一定量的基础油相混合,在金属表面,能实现固液界面自润滑和高摩擦可逆,有望用于火车铁轨、机械齿轮、微机电系统、汽车与轮船等的传动制动装置,减少摩擦带来的损耗;本发明制备的离子液体黏度高,能在固液界面间形成大量分子键,这使得其能长久存留于固体表面,克服高载荷可能造成的离子液体被挤出的难题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于摩擦学领域,特别是一种实现固液界面自润滑和高摩擦可逆的方法。
背景技术
在如今的摩擦学领域中,被大量使用的传统润滑油始仍然符合阿蒙东定律(Amontons' laws),即摩擦力与法向压力成正比,满足F=μN的关系式(式中F为摩擦力,N为法向压力,μ为摩擦系数)。在摩擦系数一定的前提下,追求小摩擦力的同时不得不降低载荷,但载荷的降低却并不能完全满足实际的应用。而本方案中涉及的方法改变了上述的关系,具体如下:
在研究离子液体的润滑性能时,发现离子液体除了其本身的性质会导致“摩擦力与压力呈负相关”的现象出现以外,实验结果还表明当压力增大到一个临界值时,“摩擦力—压力”曲线出现拐点,曲线开始符合上述的阿蒙东定律,因此在高载荷下可以得到较大的摩擦力。
实验结果表明,将离子液体加入到基础油中并没有改变离子液体原有的特性。除此之外,当压力从零开始增加并超过“临界值”之后再降回到低于“临界值”时,“摩擦力与压力呈负相关”的现象会再次出现,说明这是一个可逆的过程。
目前已知传统润滑油在使用的过程中会遇到如下几个问题:传统润滑油会在压力过大的时候被挤出需要润滑的表面,造成润滑油的损耗;传统润滑油比较容易挥发,因此无法用于真空极限环境下;一些润滑油在配制过程中加入了卤族元素,会引起金属的腐蚀。在该方法中以上问题都得到了改善。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种实现固液界面自润滑和高摩擦可逆的方法。
实现本发明目的提供的技术解决方案为:
一种实现固液界面自润滑和高摩擦可逆的方法,将离子液体和基础油混合配制成溶液,其中离子液体与基础油的摩尔比为1:5~1:25,并充分混合;将得到的溶液铺在洁净的Ti衬底上,获得表面附有润滑剂的Ti片。
具体步骤为:步骤1.1:制备离子液体与基础油摩尔比为1:5~1:25的离子液体-基础油溶液;
步骤1.2:将步骤1.1中制得的离子液体-基础油溶液以体积比1:100000溶解在无水乙醇中制成混合溶液:
步骤1.3:裁剪钛片作为衬底,置于乙醇中超声50KHz震荡10min以除去表面污垢;
步骤1.4:将钛片取出,自然干燥后置于烧杯中,用移液枪吸取步骤1.2中所得的混合溶液,滴加到烧杯中的钛片表面上,浸没Ti片;
步骤1.5:用保鲜膜封口,侧面留孔,室温下自然干燥,获得表面附有润滑剂的钛片。
进一步的,离子液体为无卤素离子液体。
进一步的,离子液体中,阳离子是[EPy]+(N-乙基吡啶)、[BPy]+(N-丁基吡啶)、[HPy]+(N-己基吡啶)、[P2,4,4,4]+(三丁基乙基膦)、[P4,4,4,4]+(四丁基膦)、[P4,4,4,8]+(三丁基辛基膦)、[P6,6,6,14]+(三己基十四基膦)、[DMlm]+(1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑)、[C12-Mlm]+(1-十二基-3-甲基咪唑)、[C14-Mlm]+(1-十四基-3-甲基咪唑)、[HO2MMlm]+(1-羧甲基-3-甲基咪唑)、[Hemim]+(1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑)、[EOOEMlm]+(1-乙酸乙酯基-3-甲基咪唑)的至少一种;阴离子是[CO3]2-、[HSO4]-、[NO3]-、[H2PO4]-、[AcO]-(醋酸)、[Tos]-(对甲基苯磺酸)、[MS]-(甲磺酸)、[Lac]-(乳酸)、[DCA]-(二氰胺)、[BScB]-(螯合硼)、[BOB]-(二草酸硼酸)、[BMB]-(二丙二酸硼酸)、[B(CN)4]-中的至少一种。
进一步的,基础油为150N基础油、32号基础油、46号基础油、聚癸烯、聚十二烯、二乙二醇二丁醚、二甘醇、三羟甲基丙烷酯、季戊四醇酯、苯二甲酸酯、新戊二醇酯、聚α烯烃-PAO8中的至少一种。
进一步的,步骤1.2中,混合过程中,室温条件下,进行超声震荡混合20分钟以上。
进一步的,超声条件为,超声50kHz震荡30min。
本发明相对于现有技术相比具有显著优点:
1.本发明制备的离子液体与一定量的基础油相混合,在金属表面,能实现固液界面自润滑和高摩擦可逆,有望用于火车铁轨、机械齿轮、微机电系统、汽车与轮船等的传动制动装置,减少摩擦带来的损耗;
2.本发明制备的离子液体极难挥发,可应用于真空环境中。例如减少真空环境下机械零件的损耗,与普通润滑油相比,离子液体作用时间更长,可有效减少因为摩擦产生的损耗,延长零件寿命,这弥补了真空极限环境下润滑技术的空白;
3.本发明制备的离子液体黏度高,能在固液界面间形成大量分子键,这使得其能长久存留于固体表面,克服高载荷可能造成的离子液体被挤出的难题;
4.本发明制备的本发明中的离子液体中不含有卤族元素,有效避免了传统润滑油对金属的腐蚀问题。
附图说明
图1为25wt%[P6,6,6,14]+[BSCB]-离子液体在基底Ti上经非平衡分子动力学模拟得到的在不同狭缝宽度(探针针尖到固体表面间间距)下,离子液体中阴阳离子与基础油的数密度分布曲线;a)狭缝宽度为4.7nm,b)狭缝宽度为6.7nm,c)狭缝宽度为8.7nm,d)狭缝宽度为10.7nm。
图2为AFM测试得到的钛表面不同离子液体的摩擦力-荷载曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
步骤1:制备样品。具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1.1:制备摩尔比为1:5~1:25的离子液体-基础油溶液;
步骤1.2:将1.1中制得的离子液体-基础油溶液以体积比1:100000溶解在无水乙醇中制成混合溶液:量取100mL乙醇、1μL离子液体-基础油溶液配比混合后,超声50kHz震荡30min以保证混合均匀;
步骤1.3:裁剪钛片作为衬底,置于10mL乙醇中超声50KHz震荡10min以除去表面污垢;
步骤1.4:将钛片取出,自然干燥后置于烧杯中,用移液枪吸取1.2中所得的混合溶液10mL,滴加到烧杯中的钛片表面上,浸没钛片;
步骤1.5:用保鲜膜封口,侧面留孔,室温下自然干燥,获得表面附有润滑剂的钛片。
实施例2
与实施例1类似,区别在于,将实施例1中的离子液体[P6,6,6,14]+[BOB]-改为[P6,6,6,14]+[BMB]-,其他条件保持一致。
实施例3
与实施例1类似,区别在于,将实施例1中的离子液体[P6,6,6,14]+[BOB]-改为[P6,6,6,14]+[DCA]-,其他条件保持一致。
实施例4
与实施例1类似,区别在于,将实施例1中的离子液体[P6,6,6,14]+[BOB]-改为[P4,4,4,8]+[BScB]-,其他条件保持一致。
实施例5
与实施例1类似,区别在于,将实施例1中的离子液体[P6,6,6,14]+[BOB]-改为[P6,6,6,14]+[BScB]-,其他条件保持一致。
5个实施例均得到如图1所示的自润滑趋势曲线。
实施例6
与实施例1类似,区别在于,将实施例1中的离子液体改为纯基础油(DEGDBE),其他条件保持一致。
实施例6不能实现自润滑,说明DEGDBE不具有自润滑的性质。
实施例7
与实施例1类似,区别在于,将实施例1中的Si3N4探针改为碳材料探针,其他条件保持一致。
实施例7也出现自润滑趋势,说明这种自润滑特性不受探针的影响。
摩擦测量。具体包括如下步骤:
步骤2.1:使用Si3N4探针在Multi-Mode 8原子力显微镜(AFM,Bruker)上进行摩擦力测量;
步骤2.2:原子力显微镜测试到的摩擦力和载荷信号以V为单位,需将此电信号校正转换为以N为单位的力信号,使用不同的探针时需要重新校正;
步骤2.3:侧向力显微镜trace和retrace信号相减得到摩擦力的电信号,通过校正,将其转换为真实的摩擦力力学信号;
步骤2.4:在多个样品位置重复进行五次以上测量获得平均值。
测量钛表面离子液体膜厚。具体包括如下步骤:
步骤3.1:采用硼酸玻璃小球探针测离子液体液膜厚度,该小球直径需远远大于液膜厚度,浸入离子液体;
步骤3.2:通过AFM力曲线的approach部分,在跳入位置与接触线上的零力点之间的差值即液膜的厚度。
测量接触角。具体包括如下步骤:
步骤4.1:接触角测量仪器开机,微量注射器取离子液体,载物台上方夹具夹取钛片作为衬底;
步骤4.2:将进样器或微量注射器固定在载物台上方调焦,获得清晰图像;
步骤4.3:用微量注射器压出样品,进样器下端出现一个清晰的小液滴;
步骤4.4:载物台慢慢上升触碰悬挂在进样器下端的液滴,留在钛平面上;
步骤4.5:冻结图像并保存在文件夹中;
步骤4.6:量角法得到接触角的数值。
分子模拟,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤5.1:利用非平衡分子动力学(NEMD)模拟,单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)作为原子力显微镜的探针模型,Si(111)表面作为基底,选用[P4,4,4,8]+[BScB]-作为离子液体模型;
步骤5.2:SWCNT探针模型中的C原子和固体表面Si原子设置为不带电荷的Lennard-Jones(LJ)球形粒子;
步骤5.3:用方程表示出范德华力,不同原子之间的静电相互作用和C原子之间的相互作用;
步骤5.4:得到不同原子类型的混合L-J参数。
摩擦测量所得数据见图2。由图可得,随着压力的增大,摩擦力与压力先呈负相关后呈正相关,因此能做到自润滑与高摩擦的可逆变化。
膜厚测量得到的数据均在nm到μm数量级,说明固液接触层较厚,相互作用效果较好。
接触角测量中所测得的接触角都相对较小,这说明固液作用强度较大,在受到较大压力的情况下不易被挤出需要润滑的表面。
分子模拟所得的结果见图1。由图可得,离子液体倾向于紧贴固体表面,因为离子液体黏度较大,因此紧贴固体表面的离子液体会使固液界面作用强度更大,更不易被挤出需要润滑的表面。
本发明采用的离子液体和基础油除了实施例中公开的以外还可以采用其他离子液体及基础油进行替换。
Claims (7)
1.一种实现固液界面自润滑和高摩擦可逆的方法,其特征在于:将离子液体和基础油混合配制成溶液,其中离子液体与基础油的摩尔比为1:5~1:25,并充分混合;将得到的溶液铺在洁净的Ti衬底上,获得表面附有润滑剂的Ti片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的实现固液界面自润滑和高摩擦可逆的方法,其特征在于:
步骤1.1:制备离子液体与基础油摩尔比为1:5~1:25的离子液体-基础油溶液;
步骤1.2:将步骤1.1中制得的离子液体-基础油溶液以体积比1:100000溶解在无水乙醇中制成混合溶液:
步骤1.3:裁剪钛片作为衬底,置于乙醇中超声50KHz震荡10min以除去表面污垢;
步骤1.4:将钛片取出,自然干燥后置于烧杯中,用移液枪吸取步骤1.2中所得的混合溶液,滴加到烧杯中的钛片表面上,浸没Ti片;
步骤1.5:用保鲜膜封口,侧面留孔,室温下自然干燥,获得表面附有润滑剂的钛片。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的离子液体为无卤素离子液体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的离子液体中,阳离子是[EPy]+(N-乙基吡啶)、[BPy]+(N-丁基吡啶)、[HPy]+(N-己基吡啶)、[P2,4,4,4]+(三丁基乙基膦)、[P4,4,4,4]+(四丁基膦)、[P4,4,4,8]+(三丁基辛基膦)、[P6,6,6,14]+(三己基十四基膦)、[DMlm]+(1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑)、[C12-Mlm]+(1-十二基-3-甲基咪唑)、[C14-Mlm]+(1-十四基-3-甲基咪唑)、[HO2MMlm]+(1-羧甲基-3-甲基咪唑)、[Hemim]+(1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑)、[EOOEMlm]+(1-乙酸乙酯基-3-甲基咪唑)的至少一种;阴离子是[CO3]2-、[HSO4]-、[NO3]-、[H2PO4]-、[AcO]-(醋酸)、[Tos]-(对甲基苯磺酸)、[MS]-(甲磺酸)、[Lac]-(乳酸)、[DCA]-(二氰胺)、[BScB]-(螯合硼)、[BOB]-(二草酸硼酸)、[BMB]-(二丙二酸硼酸)、[B(CN)4]-中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的基础油为150N基础油、32号基础油、46号基础油、聚癸烯、聚十二烯、二乙二醇二丁醚、二甘醇、三羟甲基丙烷酯、季戊四醇酯、苯二甲酸酯、新戊二醇酯、聚α烯烃-PAO8中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤1.2中,混合过程中,室温条件下,进行超声震荡混合20分钟以上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于:超声条件为,超声50kHz震荡30min。
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